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Cao W, Zhao J, Cai Y, Mo Y, Ma J, Zhang G, Jiang X, Jia Z. Ridge with no-tillage facilitates microbial N 2 fixation associated with methane oxidation in rice soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171172. [PMID: 38402982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) play a crucial role in mitigating the greenhouse gas methane emission, particularly prevalent in flooded wetlands. The implementation of ridge with no-tillage practices within a rice-rape rotation system proves effective in overcoming the restrictive redox conditions associated with waterlogging. This approach enhances capillary water availability from furrows, especially during periods of low rainfall, thereby supporting plant growth on the ridges. However, the microbe-mediated accumulation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen remains insufficiently understood under this agricultural practice, particularly concerning methane oxidation, which holds ecological and agricultural significance in the rice fields. In this study, the ridge and ditch soils from a 28-year-old ridge with no-tillage rice field experiment were utilized for incubation with 13C-CH4 and 15NN2 to estimate the methane-oxidizing and N2-fixing potentials. Our findings reveal a significantly higher net production of fresh soil organic carbon in the ridge compared to the ditch soil during methane oxidation, with values of 626 and 543 μg 13C g-1 dry weight soil, respectively. Additionally, the fixed 15N exhibited a twofold increase in the ridge soil (14.1 μg 15N g-1 dry weight soil) compared to the ditch soil. Interestingly, the result of DNA-based stable isotope probing indicated no significant differences in active MOB and N2 fixers between ridge and ditch soils. Both Methylocystis-like type II and Methylosarcina/Methylomonas-like type I MOB catalyzed methane into organic biomass carbon pools. Soil N2-fixing activity was associated with the 15N-labeling of methane oxidizers and non-MOB, such as methanol oxidizers (Hyphomicrobium) and conventional N2 fixers (Burkholderia). Methane oxidation also fostered microbial interactions, as evidenced by co-occurrence patterns. These results underscore the dual role of microbial methane oxidation - not only as a recognized sink for the potent greenhouse gas methane but also as a source of soil organic carbon and bioavailable nitrogen. This emphasizes the pivotal role of microbial methane metabolism in contributing to soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation in ridge with no-tillage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA
| | - Yuanfeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Yongliang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Guangbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Xianjun Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zhongjun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, PR China.
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Ladha JK, Peoples MB, Reddy PM, Biswas JC, Bennett A, Jat ML, Krupnik TJ. Biological nitrogen fixation and prospects for ecological intensification in cereal-based cropping systems. FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 2022; 283:108541. [PMID: 35782167 PMCID: PMC9133800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The demand for nitrogen (N) for crop production increased rapidly from the middle of the twentieth century and is predicted to at least double by 2050 to satisfy the on-going improvements in productivity of major food crops such as wheat, rice and maize that underpin the staple diet of most of the world's population. The increased demand will need to be fulfilled by the two main sources of N supply - biological nitrogen (gas) (N2) fixation (BNF) and fertilizer N supplied through the Haber-Bosch processes. BNF provides many functional benefits for agroecosystems. It is a vital mechanism for replenishing the reservoirs of soil organic N and improving the availability of soil N to support crop growth while also assisting in efforts to lower negative environmental externalities than fertilizer N. In cereal-based cropping systems, legumes in symbiosis with rhizobia contribute the largest BNF input; however, diazotrophs involved in non-symbiotic associations with plants or present as free-living N2-fixers are ubiquitous and also provide an additional source of fixed N. This review presents the current knowledge of BNF by free-living, non-symbiotic and symbiotic diazotrophs in the global N cycle, examines global and regional estimates of contributions of BNF, and discusses possible strategies to enhance BNF for the prospective benefit of cereal N nutrition. We conclude by considering the challenges of introducing in planta BNF into cereals and reflect on the potential for BNF in both conventional and alternative crop management systems to encourage the ecological intensification of cereal and legume production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish K. Ladha
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark B. Peoples
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | - Alan Bennett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mangi L. Jat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, New Delhi, India
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Ma J, Bei Q, Wang X, Lan P, Liu G, Lin X, Liu Q, Lin Z, Liu B, Zhang Y, Jin H, Hu T, Zhu J, Xie Z. Impacts of Mo application on biological nitrogen fixation and diazotrophic communities in a flooded rice-soil system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:686-694. [PMID: 30176479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) deficiency in the farmland of China may limit biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), however, the impact of Mo application on BNF capacities and diazotrophic communities in rice-soil systems is unclear. In this experiment, treatments in a 6.7 atom% 15N2-labelling field-based growth chamber for 74 days and treatments in a 99 atom% 15N2-labelling microcosm experiment for 40 days combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) were used to investigate the impacts of Mo application on BNF and diazotrophic communities. Our results showed that under the condition that no nitrogen (N) fertilizer was applied, Mo application (500 g sodium molybdate ha-1) significantly increased N2 fixation in a rice-Inceptisol system, from 22.3 to 53.1 kg N ha-1. Mo application significantly increased the number of nifH gene copies and the relative abundance of cyanobacteria in both growth chamber and microcosm experiments. Among cyanobacteria, the relative abundances of the most abundant genera Leptolyngbya and Microcoleus were significantly increased by Mo application. 15N2-DNA-SIP further demonstrated that Leptolyngbya and Microcoleus incorporated 15N2. Mo application greatly increased BNF in Mo-deficient paddy field (≤0.068 mg kg-1) and stimulated the growth of cyanobacteria. These results indicated that Mo application in Mo-deficient paddy field could be a useful measure to increase soil N input under no N fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xingwu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Benjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianlong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zubin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Singh AK, Singh PP, Tripathi V, Verma H, Singh SK, Srivastava AK, Kumar A. Distribution of cyanobacteria and their interactions with pesticides in paddy field: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 224:361-375. [PMID: 30059934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue green algae are one of the important ubiquitous oxygen evolving photosynthetic prokaryotes and ultimate source of nitrogen for paddy fields since decades. In past two decades, indiscriminated use of pesticides led to biomagnification that intensively harm the structure and soil functions of soil microbes including cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial abundance biomass, short generation, water holding capacity, mineralizing capacity and more importantly nitrogen fixing have enormous potential to abate the negative effects of pesticides. Therefore, investigation of the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides on the structure and function of the tropical paddy field associated cyanobacteria is urgent and need to estimate the fate of interaction of pesticides over nitrogen fixations and other attributes. In this regard, comprehensive survey over cyanobacterial distribution patterns and their interaction with pesticides in Indian context has been deeply reviewed. In addition, the present paper also deals the molecular docking pattern of pesticides with the nitrogen fixing proteins, which helps in revealing the functional interpretation over nitrogen fixation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prem Pratap Singh
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Hariom Verma
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Jochum M, Moncayo LP, Jo YK. Microalgal cultivation for biofertilization in rice plants using a vertical semi-closed airlift photobioreactor. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203456. [PMID: 30208074 PMCID: PMC6135494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important limiting factors in conventional rice (Oryza sativa) production, which heavily relies on synthetic fertilizers. In this study, we researched on the development and use of a vertical semi-closed airlift photobioreactor (PBR) for microalgal cultivation and subsequently determined the efficacy of microalgae-based fertilizers to rice plant growth. The PBR system was developed to produce two strains of N2-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp. UTEX 2576, Nostoc muscorum UTEX 2209S), and a polyculture of Chlorella vulgaris (UTEX 2714) and Scenedesmus dimorphus (UTEX 1237). When these biofertilizers were evaluated for rice under the greenhouse conditions, results showed that the rice plant heights treated with polyculture-based microalgal biomass were similar to or better than the urea treatment. The effects of the inoculation of the N2-fixing cyanobacterial inoculation on seedling growth was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the vertical semi-closed system PBR cultivation method developed in this study proved to be a simple and effective method for cultivating microalgae. Demonstration of the reliable production system for N2-fixing cyanobacteria and chlorophytes at a medium scale could potentially open the future application of microalgal biofertilizers in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jochum
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luis P. Moncayo
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Young-Ki Jo
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bidyarani N, Prasanna R, Babu S, Hossain F, Saxena AK. Enhancement of plant growth and yields in Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) through novel cyanobacterial and biofilmed inoculants. Microbiol Res 2016; 188-189:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mahasneh I, Tiwari D. The use of biofertilizer of Calothrix sp. M103, enhanced by addition of iron and siderophore production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb04979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Silva PG, Silva HJ. Effect of mineral nutrients on cell growth and self-flocculation of Tolypothrix tenuis for the production of a biofertilizer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:607-11. [PMID: 16624555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 01/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of mineral nutrients on the growth and self-flocculation of Tolypothrix tenuis was studied. The identification of possible limiting nutrients in the culture medium was performed by the biomass elemental composition approach. A factorial experimental design was used in order to estimate the contribution of macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as their interactions. Iron was identified to be limiting in the culture medium. The micronutrients influenced mainly cellular growth without effects on self-flocculation. Conversely, the self-flocculation capacity of the biomass increased at higher concentrations of macronutrients. The optimization of mineral nutrition of T. tenuis allowed a 73% increase in the final biomass level and 3.5 times higher flocculation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Silva
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Hrouzek P, Lukesová A, Simek M. Comparison of light and dark nitrogenase activity in selected soil cyanobacteria. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004; 49:435-40. [PMID: 15530010 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Frequency of heterocytes and nitrogenase activity (NA) under light and dark cultivation conditions was determined in 12 cyanobacterial strains isolated from various soil habitats. In spite of a high variability, significant differences in NA among the strains were found in response of light and dark cultivation. Relatively high NA (9.9-15.3 micromol/h C2H4 per g fresh mass) under light conditions and basal NA after 12 h of dark cultivation were detected in Anabaena, Nodularia, Tolypothrix, and 1 of Cylindrospermum strains. On the other hand, significantly lower NA (0.76-5.4 micromol/h C2H4 per g fresh mass) was found under light conditions in Trichormus, Nostoc and another Cylindrospermum strain; the activity completely disappeared after 12 h of dark cultivation. NA values were not directly related to the frequency of the heterocytes. The total NA of cyanobacterial colony was found to be probably independent of the number and/or position of heterocytes. Remarkable differences in NA between strains isolated from cultivated fields and strains originating from natural or non-cultivated soils were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hrouzek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.
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Liou RM, Huang SN, Lin CW. Methane emission from fields with differences in nitrogen fertilizers and rice varieties in Taiwan paddy soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2003; 50:237-246. [PMID: 12653295 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Flooded rice fields are one of the major biogenic methane sources. In this study, methane emission rates were measured after transplanting in paddy fields with application of two kinds of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, NH4+-N and potassium nitrate, NO3(-)-N) and with two kinds of rice varieties (Japonica and Indica). The experiment was conducted in fields located at Tainan District Agricultural Improvement Station in Chia-Yi county (23 degrees 25'08"N, 120 degrees 16'26"E) of southern Taiwan throughout the first and the second crop seasons in 1999. The seasonal methane flux in the first crop season with NH4+-N and NO3(-)-N ranged from 2.48 to 2.78 and from 8.65 to 9.22 g CH4 m(-2); and the values ranged 24.6-34.2 and 36.4-52.6 g CH4 m(-2) in the second crop season, respectively. In the first crop season, there were significantly increased 3.1-3.7-fold in methane emission fluxes due to plantation of Indica rice. In comparison of two rice varieties, the Indica rice variety showed a tendency for larger methane emission than the Japonica rice variety in the second crop season. Moreover, ammonium sulfate treatment significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 37-85% emissions compared to potassium nitrate plots. It was concluded that the CH4 emission was markedly dependent on the type of nitrogen fertilizer and rice variety in Taiwan paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rey-May Liou
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chao CC, Young CC, Wang YP, Chao WL. Daily and seasonal nitrous oxide fluxes in soils from hardwood forest and different agroecosystems of Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(99)00047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Roger PA. Biological N2-fixation and its management in wetland rice cultivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00750520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Transposon-induced mutants of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 capable of ammonia liberation. Biotechnol Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00133951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Ladha JK, Tirol-Padre A, Reddy K, Ventura W. Prospects and Problems of Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Rice Production: A Critical Assessment. NEW HORIZONS IN NITROGEN FIXATION 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2416-6_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Stem-Nodulating Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis and Its Agronomic Use in Lowland Rice. ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2930-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Ramaroson E, Schramm M. Comparaison du mode d'infection et du développement des nodosités racinaires et caulinaires chez quelques légumineuses des genresSesbania etAeschynomene. J Basic Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620290808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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