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Pikna L, Heželová M, Šestinová L. Application of different types of carbon nanotubes as PIGE surface modifier in Pd(II) electrochemical determination. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2016.1150372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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2
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Determination of Pt and Pd in particles emitted from automobile exhaust catalysts using ion-exchange matrix separation and voltammetric detection. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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3
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Balcerzak M. Methods for the Determination of Platinum Group Elements in Environmental and Biological Materials: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.588922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Dubiella-Jackowska A, Kudłak B, Polkowska Ż, Namieśnik J. Environmental Fate of Traffic-Derived Platinum Group Metals. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340903001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Locatelli C. Voltammetric Analysis of Trace Levels of Platinum Group Metals – Principles and Applications. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Melucci D, Locatelli C. Platinum(II), Palladium(II), Rhodium(III) and Lead(II) Voltammetric Determination in Sites Differently Influenced by Vehicle Traffic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 97:373-84. [PMID: 17696015 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200790022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports analytical results relevant to voltammetric determination of Pt(II), Pd(II), Rh(III) [Platinum Group Metals (PGMs)] and Pb(II) in superficial water sampled in sites differently influenced by vehicle traffic, especially considering their temporal behaviour. For all the elements, in addition to detection limits, precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (s(r) %) and accuracy, expressed as percentage recovery (R %) are also reported. In all cases they show to be good, being the former lower than 6% and the latter in the range 94-105%. A critical comparison with spectroscopic measurements is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Melucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Locatelli C. Voltammetric Peak Area as Instrumental Datum. A Possibility to Improve the Determination at Ultratrace Level Concentration of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) and Lead. Application to Particulate Matter. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Locatelli C. Possible interference in the sequential voltammetric determination at trace and ultratrace concentration level of platinum group metals (PGMs) and lead. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Simultaneous square wave stripping voltammetric determination of platinum group metals (PGMs) and lead at trace and ultratrace concentration level. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Locatelli C, Melucci D, Torsi G. Determination of platinum-group metals and lead in vegetable environmental bio-monitors by voltammetric and spectroscopic techniques: critical comparison. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1567-73. [PMID: 15999268 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports voltammetric sequential determination of Pt(II), Pd(II), and Rh(III), by square-wave adsorption stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV), and Pb(II), by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), in vegetable environmental matrices. Analytical procedures were verified by the analysis of the standard reference materials: Olive Leaves BCR-CRM 062 and Tomato Leaves NIST-SRM 1573a. Precision and accuracy, expressed as relative standard deviation and relative error, respectively, were always less than 6% and the limits of detection (LOD) for each element were below 0.096 mug g(-1). Once set up on the standard reference materials, the analytical procedure was transferred and applied to laurel leaves sampled in proximity to a superhighway and in the Po river mouth area. A critical comparison with spectroscopic measurements is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinio Locatelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Signal enhancement in adsorptive stripping voltammetry of Pt by forced convection during the measurement step. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Huszal S, Kowalska J, Krzeminska M, Golimowski J. Determination of Platinum with Thiosemicarbazide by Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (AdSV). ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Locatelli C. Platinum, Rhodium, Palladium and Lead: Elements Linked to Vehicle Emissions. Their Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination in Superficial Water. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Ravindra K, Bencs L, Van Grieken R. Platinum group elements in the environment and their health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2004; 318:1-43. [PMID: 14654273 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of platinum group elements (PGEs) in the environment has been increased over the time. Catalytic converters of modern vehicles are considered to be the main sources of PGE pollution, since the correlation is between the Pt:Rh ratios in various environmental compartments and in converter units. The present literature survey shows that the concentration of these metals has increased significantly in the last decades in diverse environmental matrices; like airborne particulate matter, soil, roadside dust and vegetation, river, coastal and oceanic environment. Generally, PGEs are referred to behave in an inert manner and to be immobile. However, there is an evidence of spread and bioaccumulation of these elements in the environment. Platinum content of road dusts can be soluble, consequently, it enters the waters, sediments, soil and finally, the food chain. The effect of chronic occupational exposure to Pt compounds is well-documented, and certain Pt species are known to exhibit allergenic potential. However, the toxicity of biologically available anthropogenic Pt is not clear. Hence, there is a need to study the effect on human health of long-term chronic exposure to low levels of Pt compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaiwal Ravindra
- Micro and Trace Analysis Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp B-2610, Belgium
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Hann S, Koellensperger G, Kanitsar K, Stingeder G, Brunner M, Erovic B, Müller M, Reiter C. Platinum determination by inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) in different matrices relevant to human biomonitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 376:198-204. [PMID: 12692703 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-1861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2002] [Revised: 02/03/2003] [Accepted: 02/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The analytical challenges of Pt determination by ICP-SFMS posed by different human tissues and fluids have been critically assessed. Investigated samples were (1) urine, (2) serum of cancer patients sampled during chemotherapy with carboplatin, (3) microdialysates (20 micro L sample volume) collected from tumor and non-tumor tissue, and, finally-for the first time-(4) human lung tissue to study background concentrations of inhaled platinum. Sample preparation involved microwave digestion and open vessel treatment or simple dilution (microdialysates). Depending on the sample preparation and introduction systems used (microconcentric nebulization, ultrasonic nebulization with and without membrane desolvation) excellent procedural detection limits (3s criterion) of 0.35 pg g(-1) for urine, 420 pg g(-1) for serum, 400 pg g(-1) for lung tissue and 13 pg g(-1) for microdialysates could be obtained. Ultratrace concentrations of 1-40 pg g(-1), and 1000-3000 pg g(-1) were measured in urine and human lung tissue, respectively, as typical for samples in environmental studies. Quantification was carried out by IDMS and standard addition in the case of urine samples. Internal standardization could not correct for non-spectral interferences in external calibration. In the serum and microdialysates of patients during chemotherapy with carboplatin, elevated Pt levels ranging between 0.01 and 10 micro g g(-1) were determined by external calibration ((195)Pt isotope). For all investigated samples spectral interferences could be excluded by following different strategies. High-resolution control measurements ((194)Pt, (195)Pt) were performed in the case of elevated Pt levels, i.e. for microdialysates and serum samples. An Hf/Pt ratio of 0.4 was determined in human lung samples. An HfO formation ratio of 0.2% was assessed for standard solutions at the present experimental conditions, revealing that the contribution of (179)Hf(16)O, (178)Hf(17)O, (177)Hf(18)O to the (195)Pt isotope signal used for quantification was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hann
- Institute of Chemistry, BOKU-Vienna, University of Agricultural Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Zimmermann S, Menzel CM, Berner Z, Eckhardt JD, Stüben D, Alt F, Messerschmidt J, Taraschewski H, Sures B. Trace analysis of platinum in biological samples: a comparison between sector field ICP-MS and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry following different digestion procedures. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Determination of platinum by radiochemical neutron activation analysis in neural tissues from rats, monkeys and patients treated with cisplatin. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rauch S, Morrison GM. Platinum uptake by the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus in urban rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1999; 235:261-8. [PMID: 10535125 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Platinum has been increasing in the environment as a result of emissions from catalytic converters. The platinum emitted is principally located in the vicinity of roads but might be transported to urban rivers through highway and urban run-off water. Platinum concentrations in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus were measured for two urban rivers and a stormwater detention pond. Concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 12.4 micrograms g-1 for direct analysis and from 0.16 to 4.5 micrograms g-1 after depuration. Analyses of water, pore water and sediments indicate that platinum in urban rivers is mostly found in the sediments and these provide the major contribution of platinum to Asellus aquaticus. Exposure experiments showed the importance of platinum speciation for uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rauch
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Falter R, Wilken RD. Determination of carboplatinum and cisplatinum by interfacing HPLC with ICP-MS using ultrasonic nebulisation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1999; 225:167-176. [PMID: 10028713 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel HPLC technique has been developed for the determination of carboplatinum(II) and cisplatinum(II) which are used for chemotherapy. The compounds were separated by a HPLC column. The eluent was on-line nebulized into the nebuliser gas flow using ultrasonic nebulisation. The resulting aerosol was driven by the nebuliser gas stream through a 30-cm heating path, a 60-cm cooling path for desolvatisation and into the plasma of the ICP-MS. The detection was carried out on platinum mass 195Pt. Different RP C18 techniques were tested to obtain the best separation and detection results of the two platinum compounds. The solvent-generated anion exchanger method was selected as the method with the best handling and sensitivity. This technique allows a good separation of the two compounds within 3 min. The detection limits for carboplatinum and cisplatinum were 130 and 80 pg, respectively. The newly developed system has been applied to study the behaviour of the platinum species under different anion influences in aqueous solutions. These investigations are necessary for the future development of an extraction from environmental samples for the two compounds. In further experiments the distribution of the two platinum species, Na2Pt(II)Cl4 and the palladium species. Na2Pd(II)Cl4 between water/sediment, water/charcoal, sewage sludge/water and the distribution in the solution after iron flocculation were investigated to plan an extraction method for the platinum species from environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Falter
- ESWE-Institute for Water Research and Water Technology GmbH, Wiesbaden-Schierstein, Germany
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León C, Emons H, Ostapczuk P, Hoppstock K. Simultaneous ultratrace determination of platinum and rhodium by cathodic stripping voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Hoppstock K, Michulitz M. Voltammetric determination of trace platinum in gasoline after Wickbold combustion. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Schramel P, Wendler I, Lustig S. Capability of ICP-MS (pneumatic nebulization and ETV) for Pt-analysis in different matrices at ecologically relevant concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00322942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Hoppstock K, Garten R, Tschöpel P, Tölg G. Purification of analytical reagents by constant-current electrodeposition of heavy metals at ultra-trace levels from highly concentrated salt solutions. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)85046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ensslin AS, Pethran A, Schierl R, Fruhmann G. Urinary platinum in hospital personnel occupationally exposed to platinum-containing antineoplastic drugs. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1994; 65:339-42. [PMID: 8175190 DOI: 10.1007/bf00405699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Urinary platinum levels of 21 nurses and hospital pharmacy personnel occupationally exposed to platinum containing antineoplastic drugs were determined in 24-h urine by voltammetric analysis after UV photolysis. All study participants applied standard safety measures, including a vertical laminar air-flow cabinet and latex gloves. The amount of platinum-containing drugs prepared for intravenous application ranged from 40-3260 mg/day. Urinary platinum was detected in 9 of 52 urine samples collected on days when platinum-containing drugs were mixed (limit of determination 4 ng/l). In comparison with a non-exposed control group, elevated urinary platinum levels were found in one pharmacist (35 ng/g creatinine) and one pharmacy technician (28 ng/g creatinine). The pharmacist's urinary platinum remained elevated after 2 days without occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. The urinary platinum level of the pharmacy technician dropped considerably after several weeks without handling cytostatic drugs. Voltammetric detection of urinary platinum is a highly sensitive method suitable for biological and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ensslin
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeitsmedizin, Universität München, Germany
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29
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30
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Rietz B, Heydorn K. Determination of gold and platinum in biological materials by radiochemical neutron activation analysis using electrolytic separation of gold. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Paneli MG, Voulgaropoulos A. Applications of adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the determination of trace and ultratrace metals. ELECTROANAL 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Wildhagen D, Krivan V. Determination of platinum in enviromental and geological samples by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Anal Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Determination of platinum in biotic and environmental samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after its electrodeposition into a graphite tube packed with reticulated vitreous carbon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00321273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Alt F, Bambauer A, Hoppstock K, Mergler B, T�lg G. Platinum traces in airborne particulate matter. Determination of whole content, particle size distribution and soluble platinum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00321274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Limit of detection for the determination of Pt in biological material by RNAA using electrolytic separation of gold. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02041660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Messerschmidt J, Alt F, T�lg G, Angerer J, Schaller KH. Adsorptive voltammetric procedure for the determination of platinum baseline levels in human body fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00322878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Why do we need more powerful methods in environmental trace analysis of the elements and what scope exists? Anal Bioanal Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00323795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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