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Tremblay M, Tremblay CS, Herblot S, Aplan PD, Hébert J, Perreault C, Hoang T. Modeling T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia induced by the SCL and LMO1 oncogenes. Genes Dev 2010; 24:1093-105. [PMID: 20516195 PMCID: PMC2878648 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1897910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering molecular events required for full transformation of normal cells into cancer cells remains a challenge. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), the genes encoding the TAL1/SCL and LMO1/2 transcription factors are recurring targets of chromosomal translocations, whereas NOTCH1 is activated in >50% of samples. Here we show that the SCL and LMO1 oncogenes collaborate to expand primitive thymocyte progenitors and inhibit later stages of differentiation. Together with pre-T-cell antigen receptor (pre-TCR) signaling, these oncogenes provide a favorable context for the acquisition of activating Notch1 mutations and the emergence of self-renewing leukemia-initiating cells in T-ALL. All tumor cells harness identical and specific Notch1 mutations and Tcrbeta clonal signature, indicative of clonal dominance and concurring with the observation that Notch1 gain of function confers a selective advantage to SCL-LMO1 transgenic thymocytes. Accordingly, a hyperactive Notch1 allele accelerates leukemia onset induced by SCL-LMO1 and bypasses the requirement for pre-TCR signaling. Finally, the time to leukemia induced by the three transgenes corresponds to the time required for clonal expansion from a single leukemic stem cell, suggesting that SCL, LMO1, and Notch1 gain of function, together with an active pre-TCR, might represent the minimum set of complementing events for the transformation of susceptible thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tremblay
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Cédric S. Tremblay
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sabine Herblot
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Peter D. Aplan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Josée Hébert
- Banque de Cellules Leucémiques du Québec, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Trang Hoang
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Wang CL, Hodgson JG, Malek T, Pedersen FS, Wabl M. A murine leukemia virus with Cre-LoxP excisible coding sequences allowing superinfection, transgene delivery, and generation of host genomic deletions. Retrovirology 2004; 1:5. [PMID: 15169571 PMCID: PMC419723 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To generate a replication-competent retrovirus that could be conditionally inactivated, we flanked the viral genes of the Akv murine leukemia virus with LoxP sites. This provirus can delete its envelope gene by LoxP/Cre mediated recombination and thereby allow superinfection of Cre recombinase expressing cells. RESULTS In our studies, the virus repeatedly infected the cell and delivered multiple copies of the viral genome to the host genome; the superinfected cells expressed a viral transgene on average twenty times more than non-superinfected cells. The insertion of multiple LoxP sites into the cellular genome also led to genomic deletions, as demonstrated by comparative genome hybridization. CONCLUSION We envision that this technology may be particularly valuable for delivering transgenes and/or causing deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford L Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, 94143-0414
| | - J Graeme Hodgson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, 94143-0808
| | - Tiffany Malek
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Finn Skou Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Denmark, DK-8000
| | - Matthias Wabl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, 94143-0414
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Liu D, Yang X, Yang D, Songyang Z. Genetic screens in mammalian cells by enhanced retroviral mutagens. Oncogene 2000; 19:5964-72. [PMID: 11146547 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic approaches such as retrovirus-mediated mutagenesis and cDNA expression libraries have contributed greatly to our understanding of signal transduction in mammalian cells. However, previously described methods for retroviral insertional mutagenesis are hindered by low mutagenesis rates and difficulties in cloning mutated genes. cDNA expression library methods are usually cell-type dependent and bias towards abundant and short messages. With the near completion of the genome projects, alternative genetic methods are needed where large numbers of genes can be more easily isolated and biochemically studied. We have developed a novel retrovirus-mediated genetic screening method in cultured cells. To achieve efficient and regulated mutagenesis, we constructed Enhanced Retroviral Mutagen (ERM) vectors that contained several engineered sequences (e.g., an ERM Tag and a splice donor) controlled by a tetracycline-responsive promoter. Endogenous genes can thus be randomly activated and tagged in a conditional system. NIH3T3 cells were used to screen for focus-forming genes using the ERM strategy. We showed that these added sequences increased the screening efficiency by >10-fold, and allowed more direct identification of the genes targeted. Sequence analysis of approximately 10% of the >600 focus clones recovered revealed both known oncogenes and novel factors such as protein kinases and GTP/GDP exchange proteins. The ERM strategy should help to facilitate large-scale gene identification in diverse pathways and integrate both genetic (with the completion of the genome projects) and functional information more readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Palaty CK, Clark-Lewis I, Leung D, Pelech SL. Phosphorylation site substrate specificity determinants for the PIM-1 protooncogene-encoded protein kinase. Biochem Cell Biol 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/o97-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Li D, Noyes I, Shuler C, Milo GE. Cloning and sequencing of CATR1.3, a human gene associated with tumorigenic conversion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:6409-13. [PMID: 7604004 PMCID: PMC41527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.14.6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC83-01-82 (SCC) contains mutations in both the H-ras and p53 genes, but it exhibits a nontumorigenic phenotype in nude mice. This cell line can be converted into a cell line with a tumorigenic phenotype, SCC83-01-82CA (CA), by treatment with the mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). This indicates that additional genetic events leading to expression of a cooperating tumor susceptibility gene(s) may be required for tumorigenicity. To identify the cooperating gene(s), an expression cDNA library was made from tumorigenic Ca cells. The library DNA was transfected into nontumorigenic SCC cells and the transfected SCC cells were then injected into nude mice for the selection of a tumorigenic phenotype. Tumors developed in 3 of the 18 mice after injection. Several new cell lines were established from these transfected cell-induced tumors and designated as CATR cells. Tumor histology and karyotype analysis of these cells indicated that they were of human epithelial cell origin. All the CATR cells have the library vector sequence integrated in their genome. Cell line CATR1 expressed a single message from the integrated library representing a 1.3-kb cDNA insert that was absent from untransfected SCC cells or MMS-converted CA cells. This 1.3-kb cDNA insert was cloned by PCR amplification of reverse-transcribed CATR1 total RNA and was designated CATR1.3. The nucleotide sequence of CATR1.3 encodes a peptide of 79 amino acids, has a long 3' untranslated region, and represents an unknown gene product that was associated with the tumorigenic conversion due to the transfected expression library.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Complementary
- Gene Library
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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van Lohuizen M, Berns A. Tumorigenesis by slow-transforming retroviruses--an update. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1032:213-35. [PMID: 2261495 DOI: 10.1016/0304-419x(90)90005-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M van Lohuizen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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Popescu NC, DiPaolo JA. Preferential sites for viral integration on mammalian genome. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1989; 42:157-71. [PMID: 2551486 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(89)90084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal localization of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 on human cervical carcinomas and epithelial cell lines obtained after HPV transfection has uncovered a nonrandom association of viral integration and specific genome sites. Fragile sites appear to be preferential targets for viral integration because of their structural and functional characteristics through which chromosomal anomalies, alterations in protooncogene activity, and gene amplification can occur. Individually or in association, such changes lead to the acquisition of an unlimited cell growth potential but not tumorigenicity. Genetic instability and uncontrolled cell division resulting from HPV integration increase the cell's susceptibility to other exogenous carcinogenic factors that may complete the process of neoplastic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Popescu
- Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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van der Feltz MJ, Kranendonk-Odijk ME, Rhijnsburger EH, Stark J, Stoker K, de Both NJ. Molecular cloning of the Rauscher murine leukemia virus. Disease spectrum and integration pattern. Arch Virol 1989; 108:115-20. [PMID: 2596973 DOI: 10.1007/bf01313748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
After transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with DNA from molecularly cloned Rauscher MuLV, virus was isolated which showed a disease spectrum comparable to that of R-MuLV cloned biologically by endpoint dilution. In both cases sites of proviral integration vary from 2-5 per leukemic tissue and occur apparently at random.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J van der Feltz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Berns A, Breuer M, Verbeek S, van Lohuizen M. Transgenic mice as a means to study synergism between oncogenes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER. SUPPLEMENT = JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL DU CANCER. SUPPLEMENT 1989; 4:22-5. [PMID: 2681009 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910440706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mice present a useful model to study the mechanisms underlying malignant transformation. (i) They can provide information on the oncogenic potential of genes as a function of tissue context. (ii) They allow the analysis of the primary effects of an oncogene on proliferation and differentiation before secondary mutations have occurred. (iii) Crossings between transgenic mice carrying different oncogenes can reveal their capacity to cooperate in transformation. (iv) Transgenic mice bearing a particular oncogene can be used to search for (new) (anti)oncogenes that synergize with the transgene. The non-acute transforming murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) appear very useful for this purpose. This has become clear from our studies with pim-I and c-myc transgenic mice. MuLV dramatically accelerates T-cell lymphomagenesis in transgenic mice overexpressing the pim-I oncogene in their lymphoid compartment. In all tumors induced by MuLV in pim-I transgenic mice, either the c-myc or the N-myc gene was activated by proviral insertion. Similarly, MuLV infection of transgenic mice overexpressing the c-myc gene in their B-cell compartment resulted in the acceleration of pre-B-cell lymphomagenesis. A significant fraction of the resulting pre-B-cell tumors showed proviral activation of pim-I. This shows that pim-I and myc synergize efficiently in both B- and T-cell lymphomagenesis. pim-I transgenic mice are also highly sensitive to tumor induction by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and therefore represent an excellent in vivo model system to test the oncogenic potential of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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