Gleason RL, Caulk AW, Seifu D, Rosebush JC, Shapiro AM, Schwartz MH, Eckard AR, Amogne W, Abebe W. Efavirenz and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir use exhibited elevated markers of atherosclerosis across age groups in people living with HIV in Ethiopia.
J Biomech 2016;
49:2584-2592. [PMID:
27270208 DOI:
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.05.018]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
HIV patients on highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have shown elevated incidence of dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, and markers of cardiovascular disease. Evidence is beginning to emerge that implicates efavirenz (EFV) as a potential mediator of early on-set cardiovascular disease.
METHODS
Pediatric and adult HIV-infected HAART-naïve, EFV-treated, nevirapine (NVP)-treated, and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r)-treated subjects were recruited from Black Lion Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid arterial stiffness, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), body mass index, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, and skinfold thickness were measured. CD4+ cell count, fasting glucose, lipoprotein profiles and triglycerides were also determined. Results were segmented into pediatric (6-17 years of age), young adults (25-39 years old) and older adults (40-60 years old).
RESULTS
PWV was generally elevated in EFV- and LPV/r-treated subjects compared to NVP-treated subjects across age groups. cIMT was elevated in EFV- and LPV/r-treated compared to NVP-treated older adults and in EFV-treated compared to HAART-naïve older adults. FMD was impaired in EFV- and LPV/r-treated compared to HAART-naïve younger adults, in EFV-treated compared to NVP-treated young and older adults, and in LPV/r-treated compared to NVP-treated older adults. Differences in lipoprotein profiles and skinfold thickness with HAART regimen were observed in pediatric and young adults, but less so in older adults.
CONCLUSIONS
Whereas LPV/r and other protease inhibitors have long been recognized as mediators of HIV/HAART-associated atherosclerosis, this report supports the emerging evidence that EFV may also mediate cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV on HAART.
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