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Silva MG, Esteves VI, Meucci V, Battaglia F, Soares AM, Pretti C, Freitas R. Metabolic and oxidative status alterations induced in Ruditapes philippinarum exposed chronically to estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol under a warming scenario. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 244:106078. [PMID: 35074615 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is an ongoing concern. However, the information regarding their effects under different climate change scenarios is still scarce. 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is widely present in different aquatic systems showing negative impacts on aquatic organisms even when present at trace concentrations (≈1 ng/L). Nevertheless, its impact on bivalves is poorly understood, especially considering the influence of climate change factors. This study aimed to assess the toxicological impacts of EE2 under current and predicted warming scenarios, in the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum. For this, clams were exposed for 28 days to different EE2 concentrations (5, 25, 125, 625 ng/L), under two temperatures (17 °C (control) and 21 °C). Drug concentrations, bioconcentration factors and biochemical parameters, related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism, were evaluated. Results showed that under actual and predicted temperature scenarios EE2 concentrations led to a disturbance in redox homeostasis of the clams, characterized by an increase in oxidized glutathione in contaminated organisms compared to control ones. Nevertheless, clams were capable to cope with the stressful conditions, activating their defence mechanisms (especially at the highest exposure concentration and in particular at increased temperature), and no oxidative damage occured. Although limited effects were observed, the present findings indicate that under both temperatures contaminated clams altered their biochemical performance, which can impair their sensitivity and protection capacity to respond to other environmental changes and/or affect their capacity to grow and reproduce. The results presented here highlight the need for further research on this thematic, considering that climate change is an ongoing problem, and the levels of some pharmaceutical drugs will continue to increase in marine/estuarine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica G Silva
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI) 56122, Italy
| | - Federica Battaglia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI) 56122, Italy
| | - Amadeu Mvm Soares
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI) 56122, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology of Leghorn "G. Bacci", Livorno 57128, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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Patterson HK, Carmichael RH. The effect of lipid extraction on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in oyster tissues: Implications for glycogen-rich species. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2594-2600. [PMID: 27709696 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Extraction of lipids from tissues prior to carbon stable isotope analysis (SIA) has become a common practice, despite a lack of species-specific data to indicate when lipid extraction is needed. Marine invertebrates, including bivalves, are known to store carbon as glycogen and less in the form of lipids than other species, potentially reducing the need for lipid extraction even when C:N values are above 3.5, a value that previous studies suggest indicates a need for lipid extraction of animal tissues. METHODS We investigated the need for lipid extraction on individual tissues (adductor muscle, gut gland, gill) and whole tissue of a glycogen-storing species, the oyster Crassostrea virginica. Bulk and lipid-extracted samples were analyzed for their C and N stable isotope ratios by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Samples were analyzed on a 20-20 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (PDZ Europa) after combustion in an elemental analyzer (PDZ Europa Automatic Analyzer-Gas Solid Liquid). RESULTS Although the C:N values for most bulk (unextracted) tissue samples were greater than 3.5, the lipid-extracted δ13 C values did not differ from the bulk values. Lipid extraction, however, affected δ15 N values in all tissue types except adductor muscle, indicating that separate SIA may be required when tissues are lipid extracted. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that it is not necessary to lipid extract oyster tissues in all cases, and that C:N thresholds for lipid extraction in other species may not be reliable for organisms such as oysters that store glycogen. Our data indicate that minimizing unnecessary lipid extraction through preliminary testing will save researchers time and expense by avoiding superfluous sample handling, reducing concern over secondary effects on data quality, and reducing the costs of reagents and additional separate stable isotope analysis to ensure analytical accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Patterson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - R H Carmichael
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA
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Hong HK, Donaghy L, Kang CK, Kang HS, Lee HJ, Park HS, Choi KS. Substantial changes in hemocyte parameters of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum two years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill off the west coast of Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 108:171-179. [PMID: 27132991 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill occurred off the west coast of Korea, we determined sub-lethal effects of the spilled oil on hemocyte parameters of Ruditapes philippinarum in the damaged areas. Clams in the spilled sites displayed unusually high proportion of granulocytes, which may result in higher phagocytosis capacity and reactive oxygen species production. Hemocytes in clams from the polluted sites also displayed less DNA damage and mortality than in the control site, possibly due to a faster phagocytosis of the impaired cells. Glycogen, the major energetic reserve, was depleted in clams from the spilled sites, potentially due to energetic consumption for maintenance of a large pool of granulocytes, detoxification processes and oxidative stress. Modified hemocyte parameters in clams in the spilled area, may reflect sub-lethal physiological stresses caused by the residual oils in the sediment, in conjunction with environmental modifications such as food availability and pathogens pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ki Hong
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ludovic Donaghy
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Kang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sil Kang
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lee
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Park
- Marine Ecosystem and Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Ansan 425-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Palais F, Mouneyrac C, Dedourge-Geffard O, Giambérini L, Biagianti-Risbourg S, Geffard A. One-year monitoring of reproductive and energy reserve cycles in transplanted zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 83:1062-1073. [PMID: 21345479 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A 12-month active biomonitoring study was performed in 2008-2009 on a northern French river system using the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha as a sentinel species. Allochtonous mussels originating from a reference site (Commercy) were caged at four sites (Bouy, Sept-Saulx, Fismes, Ardre) within the Vesle River basin. The main objective of the study was to characterize the influence of biotic (sex, food availability) and abiotic (temperature, chemicals) factors on the reproductive and energy reserve (glycogen, lipids) cycles of exposed mussels. Both cycles were markedly disturbed at the Bouy and Sept-Saulx sites where the lowest chlorophyll a levels were recorded during the study. At these sites, mussels obviously faced a negative energy balance, as confirmed by the impairment of their physiological state and byssal attachment. At other exposure sites, reproductive and energy reserves cycles were less impacted but were still dependent on the nutritional state of mussels. The latter appeared as a significant natural confounding factor in ecotoxicological survey performed in low polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Palais
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA2069 URVVC-SE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie - Ecotoxicologie, UFR Sciences, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
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Kube S, Sokolowski A, Jansen JM, Schiedek D. Seasonal variability of free amino acids in two marine bivalves, Macoma balthica and Mytilus spp., in relation to environmental and physiological factors. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 147:1015-27. [PMID: 17459750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The seasonal variability of the intracellular free amino acid (FAA) concentration was studied in 5 Macoma balthica populations and 7 Mytilus spp. populations along their European distribution. Because of the well known physiological role of FAA as organic osmolytes for salinity induced cell volume regulation in marine osmoconformers, FAA variations were compared in bivalve populations that were exposed to high vs. low intraannual salinity fluctuations. In general, seasonal FAA variations were more pronounced in M. balthica than in Mytilus spp. In both bivalve taxa from different locations in the Baltic Sea, highest FAA concentrations were found in autumn and winter and low FAA concentrations were measured in summer. Seasonal patterns were less pronounced in both taxa at locations with constant salinity conditions. In contrast to Baltic Sea populations, Atlantic and Mediterranean bivalves showed high FAA concentrations in summer and low values in winter, regardless of seasonal salinity fluctuations. Significant seasonal FAA variations at locations with constant salinity conditions showed that salinity appeared not to be the main factor in determining FAA concentrations. The seasonal patterns of the main FAA pool components, i.e. alanine, glycine and taurine, are discussed in the context of seasonal variations in environmental factors (salinity, temperature) and physiological state (glycogen content, reproductive stage).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kube
- Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemuende, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany.
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Babarro JM, de Zwaan A. Factors involved in the (near) anoxic survival time of Cerastoderma edule: associated bacteria vs. endogenous fuel. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2001; 128:325-37. [PMID: 11255106 DOI: 10.1016/s1532-0456(00)00207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of several antibiotics, molybdate and hydrogen sulfide was tested on anoxic tolerance of the cockle Cerastoderma edule, as well as utilisation of glycogen. The aim was to evaluate the role of fuel depletion and growth of bacteria as a cause of mortality. The exponential increase of sulfide and ammonium occurred in anoxic natural seawater incubations and to a lesser extend in artificial, sulfate free, seawater. This could be strongly decreased by antibacterial agents, which led to improved survival time by approximately two-fold. Molybdate suppressed sulfide formation also, but did not affect survival time. Exogenous sulfide showed a negative effect on survival time at pH 6.8 and induced stronger accumulation of free glucose, D-lactate and L-alanine. This was not the case at pH 8.2. Fifty percent (LT50) of cockles in anoxic seawater died after 3.5 days still with half the initial glycogen concentration present. However, in the presence of chloramphenicol (LT50 7.9 days), the cockles utilised their endogenous fuel almost completely. In both incubations there was initially a strong increase of D-lactate and L-alanine. The D-lactate levels subsequently decreased again, probably due to bacterial consumption. This study strongly indicates that in anoxic closed systems, infection by pathogenic bacteria is the first cause of death and not exhaustion of endogenous fuel depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Babarro
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Estuarine and Coastal Ecology, NIOO-CEMO, P.O. Box 140, 4400, AC Yerseke, The Netherlands
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Zurburg W, Hummel H, Bogaards R, De Wolf L, Ravestein H. Free amino acid concentrations in Mytilus edulis L. From different locations in the southwestern part of the netherlands: Their possible significance as a biochemical stress indicator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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