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Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Osteocraniostenosis in Fetuses and Newborns: Prenatal Ultrasound, Clinical, Radiological and Pathological Features. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020261. [PMID: 35205306 PMCID: PMC8871755 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocraniostenosis (OCS, OMIM #602361) is a severe, usually lethal condition characterized by gracile bones with thin diaphyses, a cloverleaf-shaped skull and splenic hypo/aplasia. The condition is caused by heterozygous mutations in the FAM111A gene and is allelic to the non-lethal, dominant disorder Kenny‐Caffey syndrome (KCS, OMIM #127000). Here we report two new cases of OCS, including one with a detailed pathological examination. We review the main diagnostic signs of OCS both before and after birth based on our observations and on the literature. We then review the current knowledge on the mutational spectrum of FAM111A associated with either OCS or KCS, including three novel variants, both from one of the OCS fetuses described here, and from further cases diagnosed at our centers. This report refines the previous knowledge on OCS and expands the mutational spectrum that results in either OCS or KCS.
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Nyholm JL, Lindor NM, Thomas KB, Brost BC. Slender bone dysplasia (gracile). Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:3234-6. [PMID: 19006220 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Nyholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Smith A, Mehta S, Bullen P, Clayton-Smith J. Osteocraniostenosis: a further case report documenting the antenatal findings. Clin Dysmorphol 2007; 16:117-120. [PMID: 17351358 DOI: 10.1097/01.mcd.0000220619.78273.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteocraniostenosis is a rare, lethal skeletal dysplasia with a distinctive phenotype and diagnostic X-ray findings. We present a case of an infant who was antenatally detected to have dysmorphic facial features as early as 22 weeks of gestation. Subsequent postnatal investigations confirmed the diagnosis of osteocraniostenosis. These antenatal findings have not been documented previously. We discuss both the antenatal and postnatal findings of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Smith
- Departments of Clinical Genetics Fetal Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Elliott AM, Wilcox WR, Spear GS, Field FM, Steffensen TS, Friedman BD, Rimoin DL, Lachman RS. Osteocraniostenosis-hypomineralized skull with gracile long bones and splenic hypoplasia. Four new cases with distinctive chondro-osseous morphology. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:1553-63. [PMID: 16770805 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteocraniostenosis is a severe skeletal dysplasia characterized by a hypomineralized skull that has been previously described as kleeblattschädel (cloverleaf skull) and overtubulated long bones. Dysmorphic facial features include a short nose, short philtrum, and a small, inverted V-shaped mouth. Splenic a/hypoplasia is a constant finding. We report four infants (two unrelated and two siblings) with osteocraniostenosis and describe the clinical, radiographic and chondro-osseous morphology findings. The two siblings lack the moderate long-bone shortening that is typically seen. The skull configuration is likely caused by severely hypoplastic cranial bones (parietal) rather than true craniosynostosis, making the term "osteocraniostenosis" misleading. Histological examination of bone in all cases showed an abnormal growth plate with short irregular columns. The resting cartilage showed pleomorphic chondrocytes with increased cellularity and unique pseudocolumn formation. There are some radiographic and chondro-osseous morphologic similarities between osteocraniostenosis and severe Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS), suggesting the two disorders may be pathogenetically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Elliott
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Spear GS. Parietal bone agenesis with gracile bones and splenic hypoplasia/aplasia: Clinico-pathologic report and differential diagnosis with review of cranio-gracile bone syndromes, “osteocraniostenosis” and Kleeblattschädel. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:2341-8. [PMID: 17036309 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The findings in a newborn male with agenesis of parietal bones, gracile long bones, and hypoplasia of the spleen are presented. Although parietal agenesis is unique, the findings are compatible with 18 previously reported cases characterized by cranial hypomineralization, Kleeblatschädel, gracile bones, and splenic aplasia/hypoplasia, the nomenclature for which has been descriptive: gracile bone disorders, "osteocraniostenosis," "osteocraniosplenic syndrome." The term "osteocraniostenosis" may be inappropriate in that craniostenosis has been infrequently reported, a feature also of importance with respect to the pathogenesis of the Kleeblatschädel. The group likely reflects heterogeneous etiology and pathogenesis. Precedent, however, including animal models, justifies consideration of genetic aberrations, in particular, mutations in homeobox genes. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Spear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Medical Sciences I D 440, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA.
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Verloes A, Garel C, Robertson S, Le Merrer M, Baumann C. Gracile bones, periostal appositions, hypomineralization of the cranial vault, and mental retardation in brothers: Milder variant of osteocraniostenosis or new syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2005; 137:199-203. [PMID: 16086393 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on two brothers with ossification anomalies of membranous and cranial bones, remodeling defect of long bones leading to dense, overtubulated, narrow diaphyses, metaphyseal flare, periostal hyperosotosis that increased during the first months of life, thoracic dystrophy and severe hypotonia. One boy had hypospadias and cleft palate. Follow-up of the surviving boy documented progressive osteopenia, slow healing of the periostal anomalies, liver angiomatosis, mental and motor delay, thoracic deformity, delay in tooth eruption, and progressive microcephaly with enlargement of the cerebral ventricles. This disorder shares some traits with osteocraniostenosis, but lacks the cranial deformity and acromelic micromelia of the latter, in which periostal anomalies are not described. The syndrome reported here may represent a milder form of osteocraniostenosis, or a new entity belonging to the same "family." Genealogical data are consistent with AR or XLR inheritance. No mutations were found in the coding sequence of filamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Verloes
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Hôpital Robert Debré, Boulevard Sérurier, FR-75019 Paris, France
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Sharony R, Kidron D, Amiel A, Fejgin M, Borochowitz ZU. Familial lethal skeletal dysplasia with cloverleaf skull and multiple anomalies of brain, eye, face and heart: a new autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomalies syndrome. Clin Genet 2002; 61:369-74. [PMID: 12081722 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.610509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 'new' lethal familial short-limb bone dysplasia associated with multiple anomalies in three sibs born to Arabic-Muslim consanguineous healthy parents. Clinical abnormalities included short limbs and short hands, cloverleaf skull, frontal bossing, wide anterior fontanel, hypertelorism, bilateral microphthalmia, cataract, low-set ears, narrow chest, ambiguous genitalia, cardiac ventricular septal defect (VSD) and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Radiological abnormalities included cloverleaf skull, hypoplastic clavicles and scapulae, thin, wavy cupped ribs, flat vertebral bodies with coronal clefting and several unossified vertebral pedicles and hypo-ossification of the pubic bone. The main changes noted in the long bones consisted of short-bowed long bones with abnormal metaphyses and unossified epiphyses. Chondro-osseous morphology documented degenerating chondrocytes with disorganization of the hypertrophied cartilage and short disorganized columns of hypertrophied areas. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance seems most likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharony
- The Genetics Institute, Meir Hospital, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.
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Abstract
Osteocraniostenosis is a disorder characterized by thin tubular bones, dymorphic facies and splenic hypoplasia/aplasia in some cases. We report a further case of this rare skeletal dysplasia in a 31 week male fetus with ambiguous external genitalia and asymmetry in whom a 46,XX/46,XY karyotype was demonstrated in both cartilage and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brennan
- Clinical Genetics Service, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
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Costa T, Azouz EM, Fitzpatrick J, Kamel-Reid S, Smith CR, Silver MM. Skeletal dysplasias with gracile bones: Three new cases, including two offspring of a mother with a dwarfing condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980305)76:2<125::aid-ajmg4>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Azouz EM, Chen MF, Khalifé S, Cartier L, Eydoux P. New form of bone dysplasia with multiple fractures associated with monosomy X. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 66:163-8. [PMID: 8958323 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19961211)66:2<163::aid-ajmg7>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings in a 20-week-old fetus with monosomy X and severe hydrops associated with fetal dwarfism. The fetus presented with osteoporosis, bent bones, multiple fractures, and distinctive symmetric submetaphyseal transverse bone interruptions or pseudofractures. We excluded by radiologic and histopathologic examination the diagnoses of osteogenesis imperfecta, hypophosphatasia, campomelic dysplasia, achondrogenesis, hypochondrogenesis, and other types of bone dysplasia. To our knowledge, this is a previously undescribed bone dysplasia associated with monosomy X. This bone dysplasia may be inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Azouz
- Department of Medical Imaging, McGill University/Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec, Canada
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Dennis NR, Fairhurst J, Moore IE. Lethal syndrome of slender bones, intrauterine fractures, characteristics facial appearance, and cataracts, resembling Hallermann-Streiff syndrome in two sibs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 59:517-20. [PMID: 8585575 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320590421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on a family in which 1 males infant who died neonatally and 1 female fetus at 29 weeks of gestation had an identical condition resembling Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. The long bones were slender with a few fractures, the skull was underossified, and the face was characteristic of Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. Bilateral cataracts were identified in the male. We regard the condition in this family as a severe form of Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, which appears to have been lethal, at least in the liveborn male. This syndrome is usually sporadic. Recurrence in sibs suggests the possibility of autosomal-recessive inheritance, or of a dominant mutation with parental mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Dennis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Chen H, Blackburn WR, Wertelecki W. Fetal akinesia and multiple perinatal fractures. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 55:472-7. [PMID: 7762589 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320550416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two newborn infants with fetal akinesia sequence were noted to have multiple perinatal fractures of the long bones. The radiographic manifestations are characterized by gracile ribs, thin long bones, and multiple diaphyseal fractures. Consistent histopathologic changes of bone are irregular with focal areas of extreme diaphyseal thinning, thin and long marrow spicules, and with or without callous formation at fracture sites. Pathogenic mechanisms of bone fractures in fetal akinesia sequence and the differential diagnoses of congenital/perinatal bone fractures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688, USA
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Verloes A, Narcy F, Grattagliano B, Delezoide AL, Guibaud P, Schaaps JP, Le Merrer M, Maroteaux P. Osteocraniostenosis. J Med Genet 1994; 31:772-8. [PMID: 7837254 PMCID: PMC1050124 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.31.10.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) syndrome in three unrelated fetuses consisting of extremely thin, dense, fishbone-like diaphyses, flared metaphyses, mild micromelic dwarfism, brachydactyly, facial dysmorphism, ocular malformations (microphthalmia, aniridia), cloverleaf skull deformity, and splenic hypoplasia. Histopathological investigations showed abnormalities of the metaphyseal cartilage and adjacent diaphyseal ossification, excessive modelling of the metaphyses, and, in one case, dysplasia of the epiphyseal cartilage. We review three previously reported cases. We suggest the name osteocraniostenosis to describe this radiological and clinical disorder, pinpointing its major clinical and radiological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verloes
- Centre for Human Genetics, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Sharma BK, Kapoor R, Ramji S, Thirupuram S, Suri M. Thin ribs, thin tubular bones, abnormal facies and intrauterine growth retardation: a lethal syndrome. Br J Radiol 1990; 63:654-6. [PMID: 2400886 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-63-752-654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B K Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Moskovic E. Macronodular hepatic tuberculosis in a child: computed tomographic appearances. Br J Radiol 1990; 63:656-8. [PMID: 2400887 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-63-752-656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Moskovic
- Department of Radiology, Red Cross War Memorial Childrens' Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kozlowski KS, Kan A. Intrauterine dwarfism, peculiar facies and thin bones with multiple fractures--a new syndrome. Pediatr Radiol 1990; 20:570. [PMID: 2216600 DOI: 10.1007/bf02011398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Spranger J, Maroteaux P. The lethal osteochondrodysplasias. ADVANCES IN HUMAN GENETICS 1990; 19:1-103, 331-2. [PMID: 2193487 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9065-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Spranger
- Children's Hospital, University of Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
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Machin GA. Hydrops revisited: literature review of 1,414 cases published in the 1980s. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1989; 34:366-90. [PMID: 2688420 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320340313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews 47 series of hydrops fetalis (804 cases) and 610 individual cases published since 1980. From this large number of cases, guidelines are derived for prenatal diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Machin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
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