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Usuki T, Khomenko M, Sokolov A, Bokova M, Ohara K, Kassem M, Tverjanovich A, Bychkov E. Supercritical Gallium Trichloride in Oxidative Metal Recycling: Ga 2Cl 6 Dimers vs GaCl 3 Monomers and Rheological Behavior. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7640-7651. [PMID: 38630624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative recycling of metals is crucial for a circular economy, encompassing the preservation of natural resources, the reduction of energy consumption, and the mitigation of environmental impacts and greenhouse gas emissions associated with traditional mining and processing. Low-melting gallium trichloride appears to be a promising oxidative solvent for rare-earth metals, transuranium elements, platinum, pnictogens, and chalcogens. Typically, oxidative dissolution with GaCl3 occurs at relatively low temperatures over a few days, assuming the presence of tetrahedral Ga-Cl entities. While supercritical gallium trichloride holds the potential for advanced recycling, little is known about its structure and viscosity. Using high-energy X-ray diffraction and multiscale modeling, which includes first-principles simulations, we have revealed a dual molecular nature of supercritical gallium trichloride, consisting of tetrahedral dimers and flat trigonal monomers. The molecular geometry can be precisely tuned by adjusting the temperature and pressure, optimizing the recycling process for specific metals. The derived viscosity, consistent with the reported results in the vicinity of melting, decreases by a factor of 100 above the critical temperature, enabling fast molecular diffusion, and efficient recycling kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Usuki
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Maxim Khomenko
- ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, 140700 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anton Sokolov
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Maria Bokova
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Koji Ohara
- Faculty of Materials for Energy, Shimane University, 1060, Nishi-Kawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mohammad Kassem
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Andrey Tverjanovich
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugene Bychkov
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140 Dunkerque, France
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2
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Lunkenheimer P, Humann F, Loidl A, Samwer K. Universal correlations between the fragility and interparticle repulsion of glass-forming liquids. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124507. [PMID: 33003757 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently published analytical model describing and predicting elasticity, viscosity, and fragility of metallic melts is applied for the analysis of about 30 nonmetallic glassy systems, ranging from oxide network glasses to alcohols, low-molecular-weight liquids, polymers, plastic crystals, and even ionic glass formers. The model is based on the power-law exponent λ representing the steepness parameter of the repulsive part of the inter-atomic or inter-molecular potential and the thermal-expansion parameter αT determined by the attractive anharmonic part of the effective interaction. It allows fitting the typical super-Arrhenius temperature variation of the viscosity or dielectric relaxation time for various classes of glass-forming matter, over many decades. We discuss the relation of the model parameters found for all these different glass-forming systems to the fragility parameter m and detect a correlation of λ and m for the non-metallic glass formers, in accord with the model predictions. Within the framework of this model, the fragility of glass formers can be traced back to microscopic model parameters characterizing the intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Felix Humann
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Alois Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Samwer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Gorka M, Cherepanov DA, Semenov AY, Golbeck JH. Control of electron transfer by protein dynamics in photosynthetic reaction centers. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:425-468. [PMID: 32883115 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1810623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose and glycerol are low molecular mass sugars/polyols that have found widespread use in the protection of native protein states, in both short- and long-term storage of biological materials, and as a means of understanding protein dynamics. These myriad uses are often attributed to their ability to form an amorphous glassy matrix. In glycerol, the glass is formed only at cryogenic temperatures, while in trehalose, the glass is formed at room temperature, but only upon dehydration of the sample. While much work has been carried out to elucidate a mechanistic view of how each of these matrices interact with proteins to provide stability, rarely have the effects of these two independent systems been directly compared to each other. This review aims to compile decades of research on how different glassy matrices affect two types of photosynthetic proteins: (i) the Type II bacterial reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and (ii) the Type I Photosystem I reaction center from cyanobacteria. By comparing aggregate data on electron transfer, protein structure, and protein dynamics, it appears that the effects of these two distinct matrices are remarkably similar. Both seem to cause a "tightening" of the solvation shell when in a glassy state, resulting in severely restricted conformational mobility of the protein and associated water molecules. Thus, trehalose appears to be able to mimic, at room temperature, nearly all of the effects on protein dynamics observed in low temperature glycerol glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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4
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Carsi M, Sanchis MJ, Gómez CM, Rodriguez S, G Torres F. Effect of Chitin Whiskers on the Molecular Dynamics of Carrageenan-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061083. [PMID: 31242647 PMCID: PMC6630605 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Films of carrageenan (KC) and glycerol (g) with different contents of chitin nanowhiskers (CHW) were prepared by a solution casting process. The molecular dynamics of pure carrageenan (KC), carrageenan/glycerol (KCg) and KCg with different quantities of CHWs as a filler was studied using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The analysis of the CHW effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition, Tg, indicates that non-attractive intermolecular interactions between KCg and CHW occur. The fragility index increased upon CHW incorporation, due to a reduction in the polymer chains mobility produced by the CHW confinement of the KCg network. The apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg slightly increased with the CHW content. The filler nature effect, CHW or montmorillonite (MMT), on the dynamic mobility of the composites was analyzed by comparing the dynamic behavior of both carrageenan-based composites (KCg/xCHW, KCg/xMMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carsi
- Department of Applied Thermodynamics, Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria J Sanchis
- Department of Applied Thermodynamics, Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Clara M Gómez
- Departament de Química Física, Institut de Ciència dels Materials, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sol Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima 32, Peru.
| | - Fernando G Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima 32, Peru.
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5
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Paramita VD, Kasapis S. Molecular dynamics of the diffusion of natural bioactive compounds from high-solid biopolymer matrices for the design of functional foods. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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7
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Glass Transition-Associated Structural Relaxations and Applications of Relaxation Times in Amorphous Food Solids: a Review. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-017-9166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Zanatta M, Cormier L, Hennet L, Petrillo C, Sacchetti F. Real-time observation of the isothermal crystallization kinetics in a deeply supercooled liquid. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43671. [PMID: 28255173 PMCID: PMC5334641 DOI: 10.1038/srep43671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Below the melting temperature Tm, crystals are the stable phase of typical elemental or molecular systems. However, cooling down a liquid below Tm, crystallization is anything but inevitable. The liquid can be supercooled, eventually forming a glass below the glass transition temperature Tg. Despite their long lifetimes and the presence of strong barriers that produces an apparent stability, supercooled liquids and glasses remain intrinsically a metastable state and thermodynamically unstable towards the crystal. Here we investigated the isothermal crystallization kinetics of the prototypical strong glassformer GeO2 in the deep supercooled liquid at 1100 K, about half-way between Tm and Tg. The crystallization process has been observed through time-resolved neutron diffraction for about three days. Data show a continuous reorganization of the amorphous structure towards the alpha-quartz phase with the final material composed by crystalline domains plunged into a low-density, residual amorphous matrix. A quantitative analysis of the diffraction patterns allows determining the time evolution of the relative fractions of crystal and amorphous, that was interpreted through an empirical model for the crystallization kinetics. This approach provides a very good description of the experimental data and identifies a predator-prey-like mechanism between crystal and amorphous, where the density variation acts as a blocking barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zanatta
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.,ISC-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L Cormier
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - L Hennet
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation, CEMHTI-CNRS, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France.,Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - C Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.,IOM-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.,IOM-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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9
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Roldán-Vargas S, Rovigatti L, Sciortino F. Connectivity, dynamics, and structure in a tetrahedral network liquid. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:514-530. [PMID: 27935002 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02282k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a detailed computational study by Brownian dynamics simulations of the structure and dynamics of a liquid of patchy particles which forms an amorphous tetrahedral network upon decreasing the temperature. The highly directional particle interactions allow us to investigate the system connectivity by discriminating the total set of particles into different populations according to a penta-modal distribution of bonds per particle. With this methodology we show how the particle bonding process is not randomly independent but it manifests clear bond correlations at low temperatures. We further explore the dynamics of the system in real space and establish a clear relation between particle mobility and particle connectivity. In particular, we provide evidence of anomalous diffusion at low temperatures and reveal how the dynamics is affected by the short-time hopping motion of the weakly bounded particles. Finally we widely investigate the dynamics and structure of the system in Fourier space and identify two quantitatively similar length scales, one dynamic and the other static, which increase upon cooling the system and reach distances of the order of few particle diameters. We summarize our findings in a qualitative picture where the low temperature regime of the viscoelastic liquid is understood in terms of an evolving network of long time metastable cooperative domains of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándalo Roldán-Vargas
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01307, Dresden, Germany. and Department of Physics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rovigatti
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria and Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP, UK
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
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10
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Micoulaut M. Relaxation and physical aging in network glasses: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:066504. [PMID: 27213928 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/6/066504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the description of glassy relaxation and aging are reviewed for the wide class of network-forming materials such as GeO2, Ge x Se1-x , silicates (SiO2-Na2O) or borates (B2O3-Li2O), all of which have an important usefulness in domestic, geological or optoelectronic applications. A brief introduction of the glass transition phenomenology is given, together with the salient features that are revealed both from theory and experiments. Standard experimental methods used for the characterization of the slowing down of the dynamics are reviewed. We then discuss the important role played by aspects of network topology and rigidity for the understanding of the relaxation of the glass transition, while also permitting analytical predictions of glass properties from simple and insightful models based on the network structure. We also emphasize the great utility of computer simulations which probe the dynamics at the molecular level, and permit the calculation of various structure-related functions in connection with glassy relaxation and the physics of aging which reveal the non-equilibrium nature of glasses. We discuss the notion of spatial variations of structure which leads to the concept of 'dynamic heterogeneities', and recent results in relation to this important topic for network glasses are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Micoulaut
- Paris Sorbonne Universités, LPTMC-UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
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11
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Successive disorder to disorder phase transitions in ionic liquid [HMIM][BF4] under high pressure. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Mondal C, Karmakar S, Sengupta S. Glass-Like Slow Dynamics in a Colloidal Solid with Multiple Ground States. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:10902-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512952u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Mondal
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Smarajit Karmakar
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 21 Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
| | - Surajit Sengupta
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 21 Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
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13
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Paluch M, Masiewicz E, Grzybowski A, Pawlus S, Pionteck J, Wojnarowska Z. General rules prospected for the liquid fragility in various material groups and different thermodynamic conditions. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:134507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4897208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - E. Masiewicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - A. Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - S. Pawlus
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - J. Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Z. Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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14
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Plazanet M, Schober H, Angell CA. Note: Anharmonicity of quasi-lattice modes in glass and super-fragile liquid states of decahydroisoqinoline: C 9H 17N. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:136101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3698167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Lad KN, Jakse N, Pasturel A. Signatures of fragile-to-strong transition in a binary metallic glass-forming liquid. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:104509. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3692610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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16
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Banerjee S, Dasgupta C. Characterization of the dynamics of glass-forming liquids from the properties of the potential energy landscape. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:021501. [PMID: 22463213 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.021501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We develop a framework for understanding the difference between strong and fragile behavior in the dynamics of glass-forming liquids from the properties of the potential energy landscape. Our approach is based on a master equation description of the activated jump dynamics among the local minima of the potential energy (the so-called inherent structures) that characterize the potential energy landscape of the system. We study the dynamics of a small atomic cluster using this description as well as molecular dynamics simulations and demonstrate the usefulness of our approach for this system. Many of the remarkable features of the complex dynamics of glassy systems emerge from the activated dynamics in the potential energy landscape of the atomic cluster. The dynamics of the system exhibits typical characteristics of a strong supercooled liquid when the system is allowed to explore the full configuration space. This behavior arises because the dynamics is dominated by a few lowest-lying minima of the potential energy and the potential energy barriers between these minima. When the system is constrained to explore only a limited region of the potential energy landscape that excludes the basins of attraction of a few lowest-lying minima, the dynamics is found to exhibit the characteristics of a fragile liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumilan Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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17
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Mondal C, Sengupta S. Polymorphism, thermodynamic anomalies, and network formation in an atomistic model with two internal states. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:051503. [PMID: 22181418 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations we study, in two dimensions, the temperature-density phase diagram of a simple model with two internal states labeled 1 and -1. The particles interact with a modified Lennard-Jones potential, which depends on relative positions of the particles as well as on their state. Working in an ensemble where the system reduces to a 50:50 binary mixture of two species of particles, we obtain a rich phase diagram showing many features of common network-forming liquids such as water and silica, including polymorphism and thermodynamic anomalies. We believe our model may be useful for studies concerning generic features of such complex liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Mondal
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
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18
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Lv YJ, Chen M. Thermophysical properties of undercooled alloys: an overview of the molecular simulation approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:278-316. [PMID: 21339987 PMCID: PMC3039953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the studies on the thermophysical properties of undercooled metals and alloys by molecular simulations in recent years. The simulation methods of melting temperature, enthalpy, specific heat, surface tension, diffusion coefficient and viscosity are introduced and the simulated results are summarized. By comparing the experimental results and various theoretical models, the temperature and the composition dependences of the thermophysical properties in undercooled regime are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong J. Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; E-Mail:
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-10-6277-3776; Fax: +86-10-6279-5832
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Magazù S, Migliardo F. Spectroscopic study of the physical properties making trehalose a stabilizing and shelf life extending compound in food industry. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-837x.2010.00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Lunkenheimer P, Kastner S, Köhler M, Loidl A. Temperature development of glassy α-relaxation dynamics determined by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:051504. [PMID: 20866232 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.051504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present the temperature dependence of α -relaxation times of 13 glass formers determined from broadband dielectric spectroscopy, also including data from aging measurements. The data sets partly cover relaxation-time ranges of up to 16 decades enabling a critical test of the validity of model predictions. For this purpose, the data are provided for electronic download. Here we employ these results to test the applicability of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation and a recently proposed new approach that was demonstrated to provide superior fits of a vast collection of viscosity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany.
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21
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Zhao Z, Huang W, Richert R, Angell CA. Glass transition and fragility in the simple molecular glassformer CS(2) from CS(2)-S(2)Cl(2) solution studies. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:154505. [PMID: 20423187 DOI: 10.1063/1.3380833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With an interest in finding the fragility for a simple, single component, molecular glassformer, we have determined the dielectric relaxation and glass transition behavior for a series of glasses in the CS(2)-S(2)Cl(2) and CS(2)-toluene systems. Crystallization of CS(2) can be completely avoided down to the composition 20 mol% second component, and the fragility proves almost independent of CS(2) content in each system. Since the glass temperature T(g) obtained from both thermal studies and from dielectric relaxation (using T(g,diel)=T(tau=100 s)) is quite linear over the whole composition range in each system, and since relaxation time data for pure CS(2) fall on the same master plot when scaled by the linearly extrapolated T(g) value, we deduce that pure CS(2) has the same high fragility as the binary solutions. The value is m=86, as for ortho-terphenyl (OTP). Based on observations of independent studies for the vibrational density of states (VDoS) (of inherent structures for OTP and instantaneous, at-temperature structures for CS(2)), we attribute the high fragility to an excess vibrational heat capacity (defined by C(p) (vib, excess)=dS(vib, excess)/d ln T) originating in the behavior of the low frequency modes of the VDoS (the boson peak modes). Both low frequency DoS and anharmonicity increase with increasing temperature, augmenting the configurational entropy drive to the top of the system energy landscape. The surprising implication is that fragility is determined in the vibrational, not configurational, manifold of microstates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuofeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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22
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Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have become an important class of solvents and soft materials over the past decades. Despite being salts built by discrete cations and anions, many of them are liquid at room temperature and below. They have been used in a wide variety of applications such as electrochemistry, separation science, chemical synthesis and catalysis, for breaking azeotropes, as thermal fluids, lubricants and additives, for gas storage, for cellulose processing, and photovoltaics. It has been realized that the true advantage of ILs is their modular character. Each specific cation–anion combination is characterized by a unique, characteristic set of chemical and physical properties. Although ILs have been known for roughly a century, they are still a novel class of compounds to exploit due to the vast number of possible ion combinations and one fundamental question remains still inadequately answered: why do certain salts like ILs have such a low melting point and do not crystallize readily? This Review aims to give an insight into the liquid–solid phase transition of ILs from the viewpoint of a solid-state chemist and hopes to contribute to a better understanding of this intriguing class of compounds. It will introduce the fundamental theories of liquid–solid-phase transition and crystallization from melt and solution. Aside form the formation of ideal crystals the development of solid phases with disorder and of lower order like plastic crystals and liquid crystals by ionic liquid compounds are addressed. The formation of ionic liquid glasses is discussed and finally practical techniques, strategies and methods for crystallization of ionic liquids are given.
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Abstract
The low-temperature dynamics of ultraviscous liquids hold the key to understanding the nature of glass transition and relaxation phenomena, including the potential existence of an ideal thermodynamic glass transition. Unfortunately, existing viscosity models, such as the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) and Avramov-Milchev (AM) equations, exhibit systematic error when extrapolating to low temperatures. We present a model offering an improved description of the viscosity-temperature relationship for both inorganic and organic liquids using the same number of parameters as VFT and AM. The model has a clear physical foundation based on the temperature dependence of configurational entropy, and it offers an accurate prediction of low-temperature isokoms without any singularity at finite temperature. Our results cast doubt on the existence of a Kauzmann entropy catastrophe and associated ideal glass transition.
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Varga B, Migliardo F, Takacs E, Vertessy B, Magazù S, Telling MTF. Study of solvent-protein coupling effects by neutron scattering. J Biol Phys 2009; 36:207-20. [PMID: 19795216 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-009-9177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to characterize the dynamical behavior of proteins immersed in bio-preserving liquids and glasses. For this purpose, the protein dUTPase was chosen, while the selected solvents were glycerol, a triol, and some homologous disaccharides, i.e., trehalose, maltose, and sucrose, which are known to be very effective bio-preserving agents. The results highlight that the disaccharides show a slowing down effect on the water dynamics, which is stronger for trehalose than in the case of the other disaccharides. Furthermore, a characterization of the medium which hosts the protein is performed by using an operative definition of fragility based on the mean square displacement extracted by elastic incoherent neutron scattering, which is directly connected to Angell's kinetic fragility based on the viscosity. Finally, a study of the dynamics of the protein sequestered within the solvents is performed. The result shows that the protein dynamics is coupled with that of the surrounding matrix.
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Magazù S, Maisano G, Migliardo P, Musolino AM, Villari V. Fragile-like behaviour and H-bond interactions of the glass-forming water—trehalose system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13642819808204992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Magazù
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica per la Materìa , Università di Messina , PO Box 55, c.da Papardo Sperone 98166 S. Agata, Messina , Italy
| | - G. Maisano
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica per la Materìa , Università di Messina , PO Box 55, c.da Papardo Sperone 98166 S. Agata, Messina , Italy
| | - P. Migliardo
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica per la Materìa , Università di Messina , PO Box 55, c.da Papardo Sperone 98166 S. Agata, Messina , Italy
| | - A. M. Musolino
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica per la Materìa , Università di Messina , PO Box 55, c.da Papardo Sperone 98166 S. Agata, Messina , Italy
| | - V. Villari
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica per la Materìa , Università di Messina , PO Box 55, c.da Papardo Sperone 98166 S. Agata, Messina , Italy
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26
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Jakse N, Pasturel A, Sastry S, Angell CA. Response to “Comment on ‘Dynamic aspects of the liquid-liquid phase transformation in silicon’ ” [J. Chem. Phys. 130, 247102 (2009)]. J Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3154368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Brüning R, St-Onge DA, Patterson S, Kob W. Glass transitions in one-, two-, three-, and four-dimensional binary Lennard-Jones systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:035117. [PMID: 21817275 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/3/035117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the calorimetric liquid-glass transition by performing simulations of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture in one through four dimensions. Starting at a high temperature, the systems are cooled to T = 0 and heated back to the ergodic liquid state at constant rates. Glass transitions are observed in two, three and four dimensions as a hysteresis between the cooling and heating curves. This hysteresis appears in the energy and pressure diagrams, and the scanning rate dependence of the area and height of the hysteresis can be described using power laws. The one-dimensional system does not experience a glass transition but its specific heat curve resembles the shape of the D≥2 results in the supercooled liquid regime above the glass transition. As D increases, the radial distribution functions reflect reduced geometric constraints. Nearest neighbor distances become smaller with increasing D due to interactions between nearest and next-nearest neighbors. Simulation data for the glasses are compared with crystal and melting data obtained with a Lennard-Jones system with only one type of particle and we find that with increasing D crystallization becomes increasingly more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Brüning
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L 1E6, Canada
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28
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Siqueira LJA, Ribeiro MCC. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Ionic Liquid N-Ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:11776-85. [PMID: 17877389 DOI: 10.1021/jp074840c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamics, structure, and dynamics of an ionic liquid based on a quaternary ammonium salt with ether side chain, namely, N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, MOENM2E TFSI, are investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Average density and configurational energy of simulated MOENM2E TFSI are interpreted with models that take into account empirical ionic volumes. A throughout comparison of the equilibrium structure of MOENM2E TFSI with previous results for the more common ionic liquids based on imidazolium cations is provided. Several time correlation functions are used to reveal the microscopic dynamics of MOENM2E TFSI. Structural relaxation is discussed by the calculation of simultaneous space-time correlation functions. Temperature effects on transport coefficients (diffusion, conductivity, and viscosity) are investigated. The ratio between the actual conductivity and the estimate from ionic diffusion by the Nernst-Einstein equation indicates that correlated motion of neighboring ions in MOENM2E TFSI is similar to imidazolium ionic liquids. In line with experiment, Walden plot of conductivity and viscosity indicates that simulated MOENM2E TFSI should be classified as a poor ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo J A Siqueira
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Molecular, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05513-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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29
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Casalini R, Roland CM, Capaccioli S. Effect of chain length on fragility and thermodynamic scaling of the local segmental dynamics in poly(methylmethacrylate). J Chem Phys 2007; 126:184903. [PMID: 17508828 DOI: 10.1063/1.2728898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local segmental relaxation properties of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) of varying molecular weight are measured by dielectric spectroscopy and analyzed in combination with the equation of state obtained from PVT measurements. Significant variations of glass transition temperature and fragility with molecular weight are observed. In accord with the general properties of glass-forming materials, single molecular weight dependent scaling exponent gamma is sufficient to define the mean segmental relaxation time taualpha and its distribution. This exponent can be connected to the Gruneisen parameter and related thermodynamic quantities, thus demonstrating the interrelationship between dynamics and thermodynamics in PMMA. Changes in the relaxation properties ("dynamic crossover") are observed as a function of both temperature and pressure, with taualpha serving as the control parameter for the crossover. At longer taualpha another change in the dynamics is apparent, associated with a decoupling of the local segmental process from ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Casalini
- Chemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
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30
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Dudowicz J, Freed KF, Douglas JF. The Glass Transition Temperature of Polymer Melts. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:21285-92. [PMID: 16853759 DOI: 10.1021/jp0523266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We develop an analytic theory to estimate the glass transition temperature T(g) of polymer melts as a function of the relative rigidities of the chain backbone and side groups, the monomer structure, pressure, and polymer mass. Our computations are based on an extension of the semiempirical Lindemann criterion of melting to locate T(g) and on the use of the advanced mean field lattice cluster theory (LCT) for treating the thermodynamics of systems containing structured monomer, semiflexible polymer chains. The Lindemann criterion is translated into a condition for T(g) by expressing this relation in terms of the specific volume, and this free volume condition is used to calculate T(g) from our thermodynamic theory. The mass dependence of T(g) is compared to that of other characteristic temperatures of glass-formation. These additional characteristic temperatures are determined from the temperature variation of the LCT configurational entropy, in conjunction with the Adam-Gibbs model for long wavelength structural relaxation. Our theory explains generally observed trends in the variation of T(g) with polymer microstructure, and we find that T(g) can be tuned either upward or downward by increasing the length of the side chains, depending on the relative rigidities of the side groups and the chain backbone. The elucidation of the molecular origins of T(g) in polymer liquids should be useful in designing and processing new synthetic materials and for understanding the dynamics and controlling the preservation of biological substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Dudowicz
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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31
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Branca C, Magazù S, Maisano G, Telling M. Fragility characterization by neutron scattering for pure homologous disaccharides. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Miwa Y, Yamamoto K, Sakaguchi M, Sakai M, Makita S, Shimada S. Direct Detection of High Mobility around Chain Ends of Poly(methyl methacrylate) by the Spin-Labeling. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048287y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama, 484-8503, Japan; and Research Center for Molecular-Scale Nanoscience, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama, 484-8503, Japan; and Research Center for Molecular-Scale Nanoscience, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masato Sakaguchi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama, 484-8503, Japan; and Research Center for Molecular-Scale Nanoscience, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama, 484-8503, Japan; and Research Center for Molecular-Scale Nanoscience, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Seiji Makita
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama, 484-8503, Japan; and Research Center for Molecular-Scale Nanoscience, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Shimada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Nagoya Keizai University, 61 Uchikubo, Inuyama, 484-8503, Japan; and Research Center for Molecular-Scale Nanoscience, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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33
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Magazù S, Maisano G, Migliardo F, Mondelli C. Mean-square displacement relationship in bioprotectant systems by elastic neutron scattering. Biophys J 2004; 86:3241-9. [PMID: 15111437 PMCID: PMC1304189 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(04)74372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutron intensity elastic scans on trehalose, maltose, and sucrose/H(2)O mixtures as a function of concentration, temperature, and exchanged wave vector are presented. The experimental findings show a crossover in molecular fluctuations between harmonic and anharmonic dynamical regimes. A new operative definition for the degree of fragility of glass-forming systems is furnished by using explicitly the connection between viscosity and mean-square displacement. The procedure is tested for the investigated mixtures and for a set of glass-forming systems. In this frame, the stronger character of trehalose/H(2)O mixture indicates a better attitude in respect to maltose and sucrose/H(2)O mixtures to encapsulate biostructures in a more rigid matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Magazù
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
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34
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Magazù S, Maisano G, Migliardo F. Fragility by elastic incoherent neutron scattering. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:8911-5. [PMID: 15527356 DOI: 10.1063/1.1804943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work furnishes an operative definition for the fragility degree by using elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS). Such a definition is based on the relation between viscosity, a macroscopic quantity, and the atomic mean-square displacement, which refers to a nanoscopic property. This procedure has been used to analyze a set of glass-forming systems and it allows to obtain a linear dependence of the fragility parameter M, obtained by EINS, on the fragility parameter m, obtained by viscosity measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Magazù
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Università di Messina, P.O. Box 55, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
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35
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Magazù S, Maisano G, Migliardo F, Mondelli C. α,α-Trehalose/Water Solutions. VII: An Elastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering Study on Fragility. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035973a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Magazù
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Università di Messina, P.O. Box 55, I-98166 Messina, Italy, and INFM-Operative Group Grenoble CRG IN13 and Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Giacomo Maisano
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Università di Messina, P.O. Box 55, I-98166 Messina, Italy, and INFM-Operative Group Grenoble CRG IN13 and Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Federica Migliardo
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Università di Messina, P.O. Box 55, I-98166 Messina, Italy, and INFM-Operative Group Grenoble CRG IN13 and Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Claudia Mondelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Università di Messina, P.O. Box 55, I-98166 Messina, Italy, and INFM-Operative Group Grenoble CRG IN13 and Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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36
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37
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Abstract
After providing some background material to establish the interest content of this subject, we summarize the many different ways in which water can be prepared in the amorphous state, making clear that there seems to be more than one distinct amorphous state to be considered. We then give some space to structural and spectroscopic characterization of the distinct states, recognizing that whereas there seems to be unambiguously two distinct states, there may be in fact be more, the additional states mimicking the structures of the higher-density crystalline polymorphs. The low-frequency vibrational properties of the amorphous solid states are then examined in some detail because of the gathering evidence that glassy water, while difficult to form directly from the liquid like other glasses, may have some unusual and almost ideal glassy features, manifested by unusually low states of disorder. This notion is pursued in the following section dealing with thermodynamic and relaxational properties, where the uniquely low excess entropy of the vitreous state of water is confirmed by three different estimates. The fact that the most nearly ideal glass known has no properly established glass transition temperature is highlighted, using known dielectric loss data for amorphous solid water (ASW) and relevant molecular glasses. Finally, the polyamorphism of glassy water, and the kinetic aspects of transformation from one form to the other, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austen Angell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
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38
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Magazù S, Migliardo F, Mondelli C. Elastic incoherent neutron scattering from homologous disaccharides/H2O mixtures. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1625369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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40
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Roland CM, Casalini R. Temperature dependence of local segmental motion in polystyrene and its variation with molecular weight. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1581850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Alcoutlabi M, Briatico-Vangosa F, McKenna GB. Effect of chemical activity jumps on the viscoelastic behavior of an epoxy resin: Physical aging response in carbon dioxide pressure jumps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Gapiński J, Paluch M, Patkowski A. Correlation between nonexponential relaxation and non-Arrhenius behavior under conditions of high compression. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 66:011501. [PMID: 12241364 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.011501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photon correlation spectroscopy was used to investigate the behavior of the dynamical properties of 1,1'-di(4-methoxy-5-methyl-phenyl)cyclohexane (BMMPC) at elevated pressures. The fragility of BMMPC measured by the steepness index m(T) is decreasing and the nonexponentiality parameter beta(KWW) is increasing with increasing pressure. This result strongly suggests that the phenomenological correlation between the steepness index and nonexponentionality is also preserved under high compression. The pressure dependence of the structural relaxation times is well characterized by a simple activation volume form. The activation volume continuously increases with decreasing temperature, which is probably due to the increase of cooperativity of the structural relaxation process. Moreover, we found that the glass-transition temperature exhibits a significant dependence on pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Gapiński
- Institute of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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43
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Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. Molecular Dynamics of Water at the Protein−Solvent Interface. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020100m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bizzarri
- Unita' INFM, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Universita’ della Tuscia, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cannistraro
- Unita' INFM, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Universita’ della Tuscia, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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44
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Zhang S, Jin X, Painter PC, Runt J. Broad-Band Dielectric Study on Poly(4-vinylphenol)/Poly(ethyl methacrylate) Blends. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0120310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Paul C. Painter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - James Runt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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45
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Vollmayr-Lee K, Kob W, Binder K, Zippelius A. Dynamical heterogeneities below the glass transition. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1453962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Garrahan JP, Newman ME. Glassiness and constrained dynamics of a short-range nondisordered spin model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:7670-7678. [PMID: 11138037 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study the low temperature dynamics of a two-dimensional short-range spin system with uniform ferromagnetic interactions, which displays glassiness at low temperatures despite the absence of disorder or frustration. The model has a dual description in terms of free defects subject to dynamical constraints, and is an explicit realization of the "hierarchically constrained dynamics" scenario for glassy systems. We give a number of exact results for the statics of the model, and study in detail the dynamical behavior of one-time and two-time quantities. We also consider the role played by the configurational entropy, which can be computed exactly, in the relation between fluctuations and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- JP Garrahan
- Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
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47
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Bizzarri AR, Paciaroni A, Cannistraro S. Glasslike dynamical behavior of the plastocyanin hydration water. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:3991-3999. [PMID: 11088920 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1999] [Revised: 02/14/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical behavior of water around plastocyanin has been investigated in a wide temperature range by molecular dynamics simulation. The mean square displacements of water oxygen atoms show, at long times, a t(alpha) trend for all temperatures. Below 150 K, alpha is constant and equal to 1; at higher temperatures it drops to a value significantly smaller than 1, and thereafter decreases with increasing temperature. The occurrence of such an anomalous diffusion matches the onset of the dynamical transition observed in the protein. The intermediate scattering function of water is characterized, at high temperature, by a stretched exponential decay evolving, at low temperature, toward a two step relaxation behavior, which becomes more evident on increasing the exchanged wave vector q. Both the mean square displacements and the intermediate scattering functions show, beyond the ballistic regime, a plateau, which progressively extends for longer times as long as the temperature is lowered, such behavior reflecting trapping of water molecules within a cage formed by the nearest neighbors. At low temperature, a low frequency broad inelastic peak is observed in the dynamical structure factor of hydration water; such an excess of vibrational modes being reminiscent of the boson peak, characteristic of disordered, amorphous systems. All these features, which are typical of complex systems, can be traced back to the glassy character of the hydration water and suggest a dynamical coupling occurring at the macromolecule-solvent interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Bizzarri
- Unità INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
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48
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Correia NT, Alvarez C, Ramos JJM, Descamps M. Glass transition relaxation and fragility in the molecular glass forming m-toluidine: A study by thermally stimulated depolarization currents. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1286959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Correia NT, Alvarez C, Moura Ramos JJ, Descamps M. Molecular motions in molecular glasses as studied by thermally stimulated depolarisation currents (TSDC). Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Paciaroni A, Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. Low frequency vibrational anomalies in hydrated copper azurin: A neutron scattering and MD simulation study. J Mol Liq 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7322(99)00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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