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Wherry TLT, Stabel JR. Bovine Immunity and Vitamin D 3: An Emerging Association in Johne's Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091865. [PMID: 36144467 PMCID: PMC9500906 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is an environmentally hardy pathogen of ruminants that plagues the dairy industry. Hallmark clinical symptoms include granulomatous enteritis, watery diarrhea, and significant loss of body condition. Transition from subclinical to clinical infection is a dynamic process led by MAP which resides in host macrophages. Clinical stage disease is accompanied by dysfunctional immune responses and a reduction in circulating vitamin D3. The immunomodulatory role of vitamin D3 in infectious disease has been well established in humans, particularly in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, significant species differences exist between the immune system of humans and bovines, including effects induced by vitamin D3. This fact highlights the need for continued study of the relationship between vitamin D3 and bovine immunity, especially during different stages of paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L. T. Wherry
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Judith R. Stabel
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA
- Correspondence:
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Othman Z, Mohren R, Cillero-Pastor B, Shen Z, Lacroix Y, Guttenplan A, Tahmasebi Birgani Z, Eijssen L, Luider T, van Rijt S, Habibovic P. Comparative proteomic analysis of human mesenchymal stromal cell behavior on calcium phosphate ceramics with different osteoinductive potential. Mater Today Bio 2020; 7:100066. [PMID: 32642640 PMCID: PMC7334494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, synthetic calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics have emerged as an alternative to bone grafts in the treatment of large critical-sized bone defects. To successfully substitute for bone grafts, materials must be osteoinductive, that is, they must induce osteogenic differentiation and subsequent bone formation in vivo. Although a set of osteoinductive CaP ceramics has been developed, the precise biological mechanism by which a material directs cells toward osteogenesis and the role of individual chemical and physical properties in this mechanism remain incompletely understood. Here, we used proteomics to compare serum protein adsorption to two CaP ceramics with different osteoinductive potential, namely an osteoinductive β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and a non-osteoinductive hydroxyapatite (HA). Moreover, we analyzed the protein profiles of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) cultured on these two ceramics. The serum protein adsorption experiments in the absence of cells highlighted the proteins that are highly abundant in the serum and/or have a high affinity to CaP. The extent of adsorption was suggested to be affected by the available surface area for binding and by the ion exchange dynamics on the surface. Several proteins were uniquely expressed by hMSCs on TCP and HA surfaces. Proteins identified as enriched on TCP were involved in processes related to wound healing, cell proliferation, and the production of extracellular matrix. On the other hand, proteins that were enriched on HA were involved in processes related to protein production, translation, localization, and secretion. In addition, we performed a separate proteomics analysis on TCP, HA, and two biphasic calcium phosphates with known osteoinductive potential and performed a clustering analysis on a combination of a set of proteins found to be enriched on osteoinductive materials with a set of proteins already known to be involved in osteogenesis. This yielded two protein networks potentially involved in the process of osteoinduction – one consisting of collagen fragments and collagen-related enzymes and a second consisting of endopeptidase inhibitors and regulatory proteins. The results of this study show that protein profiling can be a useful tool to help understand the effect of biomaterial properties on the interactions between a biomaterial and a biological system. Such understanding will contribute to the design and development of improved biomaterials for (bone) regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Othman
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - R.J.C. Mohren
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B. Cillero-Pastor
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Z. Shen
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Y.S.N.W. Lacroix
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A.P.M. Guttenplan
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Z. Tahmasebi Birgani
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L. Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T.M. Luider
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology and Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S. van Rijt
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P. Habibovic
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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Fernando M, Ellery SJ, Marquina C, Lim S, Naderpoor N, Mousa A. Vitamin D-Binding Protein in Pregnancy and Reproductive Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051489. [PMID: 32443760 PMCID: PMC7285222 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), the main carrier of vitamin D, has recently been implicated in reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes including endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Improved methods for measuring VDBP and an increased understanding of its role in biological processes have led to a number of newly published studies exploring VDBP in the context of pregnancy. Here, we synthesize the available evidence regarding the role of VDBP in reproductive health and pregnancy, and we highlight areas requiring further study. Overall, low levels of maternal serum VDBP concentrations have been associated with infertility, endometriosis, PCOS and spontaneous miscarriage, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes including GDM, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. However, increased VDBP concentration in cervicovaginal fluid has been linked to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss and premature rupture of membranes. Some genetic variants of VDBP have also been associated with these adverse outcomes. Further studies using more accurate VDBP assays and accounting for ethnic variation and potential confounders are needed to clarify whether VDBP is associated with reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes, and the mechanisms underlying these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Fernando
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Stacey J. Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia;
| | - Clara Marquina
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Siew Lim
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3857-22854
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Bouillon R, Schuit F, Antonio L, Rastinejad F. Vitamin D Binding Protein: A Historic Overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:910. [PMID: 31998239 PMCID: PMC6965021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and all its metabolites are bound to a specific vitamin D binding protein, DBP. This protein was originally first discovered by its worldwide polymorphism and called Group-specific Component (GC). We now know that DBP and GC are the same protein and appeared early in the evolution of vertebrates. DBP is genetically the oldest member of the albuminoid family (including albumin, α-fetoprotein and afamin, all involved in transport of fatty acids or hormones). DBP has a single binding site for all vitamin D metabolites and has a high affinity for 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D, thereby creating a large pool of circulating 25OHD, which prevents rapid vitamin D deficiency. DBP of higher vertebrates (not amphibians or reptiles) binds with very high affinity actin, thereby preventing the formation of polymeric actin fibrils in the circulation after tissue damage. Megalin is a cargo receptor and is together with cubilin needed to reabsorb DBP or the DBP-25OHD complex, thereby preventing the urinary loss of these proteins and 25OHD. The total concentrations of 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D in DBP null mice or humans are extremely low but calcium and bone homeostasis remain normal. This is the strongest argument for claiming that the "free hormone hypothesis" also applies to the vitamin D hormone, 1,25(OH)2D. DBP also transports fatty acids, and can play a role in the immune system. DBP is genetically very polymorphic with three frequent alleles (DBP/GC 1f, 1s, and 2) but in total more than 120 different variants but its health consequences, if any, are not understood. A standardization of DBP assays is essential to further explore the role of DBP in physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Roger Bouillon
| | - Frans Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Antonio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fraydoon Rastinejad
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Merchant RA, van Dam RM, Tan LWL, Lim MY, Low JL, Morley JE. Vitamin D Binding Protein and Vitamin D Levels in Multi-Ethnic Population. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:1060-1065. [PMID: 30379303 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been associated with many negative health outcomes including falls and fractures. 25(OH)D is largely bound to vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). There is increasing evidence that free or bioavailable 25(OH)D may be a better measure of vitamin D deficiency. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency and VDBP levels in multi-ethnic population, and its impact on muscle strength. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of older adults in Western region of Singapore. 295 participants from three ethnic groups were selected from the Healthy Older People Everyday (HOPE) cohort for measurements of total 25(OH)D and VDBP levels. Total 25(OH)D, VDBP, frailty status, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and grip strength (GS) were assessed. Albumin, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were only available for 256 participants. RESULTS 53% of Malay and 55% of Indians were deficient in 25(OH)D compared with 18.2% of ethnic Chinese participants. Chinese also had higher total 25(OH)D concentrations with a mean of 29.1 ug/l, (p = <0.001). Chinese had the lowest level of VDBP (169.6ug/ml) followed by Malay (188.8 ug/ml) and Indian having the highest (220.1 ug/ml). Calculated bioavailable and free 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in Chinese, followed by Malays and Indians, which also correlated with better grip strength measures amongst the Chinese. CONCLUSION The Malays and Indians had overall lower free, bioavailable and total 25(OH)D compared with ethnic Chinese. Chinese ethnic group also had the lowest VDBP and better overall grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Merchant
- A/Prof Reshma A Merchant, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, , Tel: 67795555
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Bikle D, Bouillon R, Thadhani R, Schoenmakers I. Vitamin D metabolites in captivity? Should we measure free or total 25(OH)D to assess vitamin D status? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:105-116. [PMID: 28093353 PMCID: PMC9005158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is general consensus that serum 25(OH)D is the best biochemical marker for nutritional vitamin D status. Whether free 25(OH)D would be a better marker than total 25(OH)D is so far unclear. Free 25(OH)D can either be calculated based on the measurement of the serum concentrations of total 25(OH)D, vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), albumin, and the affinity between 25(OH)D and its binding proteins in physiological situations. Free 25(OH)D can also be measured directly by equilibrium dialysis, ultrafitration or immunoassays. During the vitamin D workshop held in Boston in March 2016, a debate was organized about the measurements and clinical value of free 25(OH)D, and this debate is summarized in the present manuscript. Overall there is consensus that most cells apart from the renal tubular cells are exposed to free rather than to total 25(OH)D. Therefore free 25(OH)D may be highly relevant for the local production and action of 1,25(OH)2D. During the debate it became clear that there is a need for standardization of measurements of serum DBP and of direct measurements of free 25(OH)D. There seems to be very limited genetic or racial differences in DBP concentrations or (probably) in the affinity of DBP for its major ligands. Therefore, free 25(OH)D is strongly correlated to total 25(OH)D in most normal populations. Appropriate studies are needed to define the clinical implications of free rather than total 25(OH)D in normal subjects and in disease states. Special attention is needed for such studies in cases of abnormal DBP concentrations or when one could expect changes in its affinity for its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bikle
- VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Clinical & Experimental Endocrinology, KULeuven, Herestraat 49 ON1 Box 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ravi Thadhani
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | - Inez Schoenmakers
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, CB1 9NL Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ Norwich, UK.
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Querfeld U, Mak RH. Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity in chronic kidney disease: in search of the therapeutic window. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25:2413-30. [PMID: 20567854 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-010-1574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Both vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D toxicity are associated with cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clinical and experiment data indicate that the association of vitamin D levels with cardiovascular disease is best illustrated as a biphasic, or U-shaped, curve. Children and adolescents with CKD need vitamin D due to the demands of a growing skeleton, to prevent renal rickets. However, this therapy carries the risk of severe side effects and chronic toxicity. Observational studies show that vitamin D deficiency and toxicity are frequently present in patients with CKD. In view of the importance of cardiovascular complications for the long-term survival of young patients, these findings demand a judicious use of vitamin D preparations. In clinical practice, the therapeutic window is rather small, presenting a therapeutic challenge to avoid both vitamin D deficiency and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Querfeld
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
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Kurbel S, Radić R, Kotromanović Z, Puseljić Z, Kratofil B. A calcium homeostasis model: orchestration of fast acting PTH and calcitonin with slow calcitriol. Med Hypotheses 2003; 61:346-50. [PMID: 12944103 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol is in plasma bound to transcalciferin and this results in a long calcitriol half-life in plasma (5-12h). Abundance of bound calcitriol molecules prevents the exact and quick control of its effects and makes it an inert regulator with a time lag between the changes of calcitriol synthesis and its effect on peripheral tissues. The added regulatory inertia is here defined as: calcitriol(bound)/calcitriol(free) and it approaches value of 99. Estrogens increase transcalciferin levels. It is possible that the estrogen-induced increase in the total calcitriol plasma pool makes calcitriol effects even more inert, augmenting and prolonging the calcitriol effects and thus improving calcium balance in women. Since calcitriol synthesis in kidneys depends on the PTH level, it can be assumed that the size of the total calcitriol pool in plasma reflects more the average PTH secretion during previous hours, than the high or low peaks of PTH secretion in the same period. In other words, one or more PTH tides of short duration are followed with a late calcitriol tide that lasts for hours, and even longer lasting rise in calcitriol effects. Bone integrity depends also on the cortisol level. A possible speculation is that the main result of all profound bone effect of hypecortisolemia, might be reduction of the bone amino acids uptake, thus allowing redistribution of available proteins. Both PTH and calcitriol prevent dangerous hypocalcemia. PTH is quick in mobilizing bone calcium, while calcitriol tends to increase absorption of dietary calcium. In case of low or no dietary calcium, calcitriol mobilizes bone calcium and thus increase PTH initiated demineralization. In the case of calcium abundance, increased plasma calcium reduces PTH levels. Calcitriol plasma level (reflecting previous PTH surges) can induce both calcium absorption and bone demineralization. This two-blade action is tuned by calcitonin that reduces osteoclastic bone resorption, allowing bone deposition of abundant calcium. An overnight fast with a reduced absorption of dietary calcium, might decrease plasma calcium below the regulatory set point, inducing an increase in PTH secretion. Increased average nighttime PTH secretion induces more calcitriol to be synthesized in kidneys. The resultant late calcitriol morning and daytime tide would stimulate calcium absorption from gut, or from bone, depending on the availability of dietary calcium. Due to the described time lag in calcitriol effects, increased calcium absorption might continue during daytime, regardless of the plasma calcium level. If plasma calcium is above the set point, calcitonin will allow excess calcium to deposit in bones. A speculation based on this model is that it might be more efficient to avoid calcium rich food for dinner or supper, and to administer calcium supplementation in the morning, during the calcitriol tide.
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Wiberg K, Ljunghall S, Binderup L, Ljunggren O. Studies on two new vitamin D analogs, EB 1089 and KH 1060: effects on bone resorption and osteoclast recruitment in vitro. Bone 1995; 17:391-5. [PMID: 8573413 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(95)00246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects on bone resorption of two new potent antiproliferative vitamin D3 analogs, EB 1089 and KH 1060, by studying recruitment of osteoclasts in murine bone marrow cultures and 45Ca release from prelabeled neonatal mouse calvarial bones. Binding studies to vitamin D receptor protein, from human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, demonstrated kd values of 8.5 x 10(-11) for 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, 6.5 x 10(-11) for KH 1060, and 2.7 x 10(-10) for EB 1089. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and EB 1089 were equipotent stimulators of osteoclast recruitment in murine bone marrow cultures, with EC50 at 10(-10) mol/L, whereas KH 1060 was about tenfold more potent with an EC50 at 10(-11) mol/L. In serum-free media, 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 enhanced 45Ca release from neonatal mouse calvarial bones with EC50 at 10(-11) mol/L, but in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) the stimulatory effect was significantly diminished, with a threshold value at 10(-10) mol/L. EB 1089 stimulated bone resorption with an estimated EC50 at 3 x 10(-11) mol/L, whereas KH 1060 was about tenfold more potent than 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, and stimulated bone resorption with an EC50 at 10(-12) mol/L. The effects of EB 1089 and KH 1060 on 45Ca release were not significantly affected by the addition of 10% FCS. Addition of vitamin D binding protein to serum-free incubations of neonatal mouse calvarial bones, significantly inhibited the bone resorbing effect of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, but did not affect EB 1089 and KH 1060 induced 45Ca release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wiberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Miyahara T, Harada M, Kondo S, Komiyama H, Matsuda S, Miyanishi A, Matsumoto M, Xue-Ya W, Ikemoto Y, Sugure A. Calcium regulating activity of 26,27-dimethyl analog of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Calcif Tissue Int 1994; 55:190-7. [PMID: 7987732 DOI: 10.1007/bf00425874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To determine the possibility that methyl substitution in 26- and 27-positions of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] alters activities of the original compound, the effects of 24,25(OH)2D3 on calcium (Ca) regulating activity were compared with those of its methyl analog [24,25(OH)2(CH3)2D3] in addition to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. 24,25(OH)2D3 at 10(-6) M and 24,25(OH)2(CH3)2D3 at 10(-7) M and above significantly stimulated both bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvaria cultures and formation of osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (MNC) in mouse bone marrow cultures. A stimulative effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone resorption and MNC formation was recognized in very low concentrations (10(-11) M and above). Although a potency of 24,25(OH)2(CH3)2D3 in stimulating bone calcium (Ca) mobilization and intestinal Ca transport was higher than that of 24,25(OH)2D3, the potencies of both compounds were similar to that of 1,25(OH)2D3 unlike in vitro experiments. As 1,24R,25-trihydroxy-26,27-dimethylvitamin D3 showed almost the same effect as 24,25(OH)2(CH3)2D3, the dihydroxy form is suggested to be hydroxylated at 1 alpha position and converted to trihydroxy form in vitamin D-deficient rats. From these results, methyl substitution in 26- and 27-position of 24,25(OH)2D3 was found to elevate Ca regulating activity of the original compound. In addition, it is suggested that the basis for a similarity in potency between 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 or its dimethyl analog in vitamin D-deficient rats is likely the result of 1 alpha-hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyahara
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Sato K, Nishii Y, Woodiel FN, Raisz LG. Effects of two new vitamin D3 derivatives, 22-oxa-1 alpha-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (OCT) and 2 beta-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (ED-71), on bone metabolism in organ culture. Bone 1993; 14:47-51. [PMID: 8443002 DOI: 10.1016/8756-3282(93)90255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have tested two new vitamin D3 derivatives, 22-oxa-1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (OCT) and 2 beta-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (ED-71), for their effects on bone metabolism compared with 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in two organ-culture systems. In a previous study (Abe et al. 1987), it was reported that OCT had weak activity in stimulating bone resorption in vitro. In the present study, however, OCT stimulated bone resorption in cultured fetal rat long bones and inhibited collagen synthesis in cultured neonatal mouse calvariae in a dose-dependent manner with significant effects at 10(-10) M and maximal responses at 10(-8) M. Its potency and effectiveness were identical to 1,25(OH)2D3. On the other hand, ED-71, which has been found to prevent bone loss in vivo (Okano et al. 1989b), was less active in vitro. The activity of ED-71 at 10(-8) M on bone resorption was similar to 1,25(OH)2D3, but it did not stimulate resorption at 10(-10) M. Its inhibitory effect on collagen synthesis was weaker than for OCT of 1,25(OH)2D3. The activity of all three compounds on bone resorption was not inhibited by indomethacin or cortisol. 1,25(OH)2D3 and OCT significantly inhibited [3H]-thymidine incorporation into mouse calvariae at 10(-9) M, while ED-71 inhibited [3H]-thymidine incorporation only at 10(-8) M. These results indicate that OCT and 1,25(OH)2D3 have similar effects on bone in organ culture. Pharmacokinetic differences may explain the marked difference in response to those two agents in vivo. ED-71 is less potent, particularly in inhibiting bone formation. Such differences may have importance in the development of vitamin D analogs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sato
- Bone & Calcified Tissue Res. Lab. of Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Tokyo, Japan
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Honda A, Nakashima N, Mori Y, Katsumata T, Ishizuka S. Effects of vitamin D-binding proteins on HL-60 cell differentiation induced by 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 41:109-12. [PMID: 1310414 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monocytic differentiation-inducing activity of 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [26,27-F6-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3] was re-evaluated in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells in serum-supplemented or serum-free culture. The order of in vitro potency for reducing nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was 26,27-F6-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 greater than 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3] = 26,26,26,27,27,27-F6-1 alpha,23(S), 25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 [26,27-F6-1 alpha,23(S), 25-(OH)3D3] under serum-supplemented culture conditions, whereas the order was 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 = 26,27-F6-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 greater than 26,27-F6-1 alpha,23(S), 25-(OH)3D3 under serum-free culture conditions. This rank order for differentiation-inducing activity under serum-free culture conditions correlated well with the binding affinity of these analogs for vitamin D3 receptor of HL-60 cells. The order of relative % binding affinity for the vitamin D-binding protein in fetal calf serum was 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 (100%) much greater than 26,27-F6-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 (5.1%) greater than 26,27-F6-1 alpha,23(S), 25-(OH)3D3 (less than 1%). These results suggest that serum vitamin D-binding proteins apparently modulate monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells by 26,27-F6-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 under serum-supplemented culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo College of Pharmacy, Japan
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Bouillon R, Allewaert K, Xiang DZ, Tan BK, van Baelen H. Vitamin D analogs with low affinity for the vitamin D binding protein: enhanced in vitro and decreased in vivo activity. J Bone Miner Res 1991; 6:1051-7. [PMID: 1796753 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The affinity of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3] and analogs with side-chain modifications [MC 903 or calcipotriol, MC 1147 or 24,24-dihomo-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2-16ene-23yne-D3] for the vitamin D receptor and the serum vitamin D binding protein (DBP) were compared. The affinity of MC 903 for the receptor from chick and rat duodenum or from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or HL-60 cells varied between 60 and 100% relative to the affinity of 1,25-(OH)2D3. The relative affinity of 1,25-(OH)2-16ene-23yne-D3 and MC 1147 varied for the same receptors between 45-70 and 3.5-25%, respectively. The relative affinity of MC 903 for human DBP was 30-fold decreased, whereas the two other analogs did not bind to DBP at all even in more than 1000-fold excess. The in vitro biologic activity of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal human lymphocyte proliferation was markedly inhibited by the addition of physiologic amounts of DBP to the cell culture medium. No such inhibition was observed when MC 903 or 1147 was evaluated similarly. DBP therefore reversed the rank order of the in vitro potency of these analogs. Intramuscular injections for 10 consecutive days to vitamin D-deficient chicks demonstrated a greater than or equal to 100-fold lower biologic activity of MC 903, MC 1147, and 1,25-(OH)2-16ene-23yne-D3 compared to that of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 as evaluated by serum calcium and osteocalcin concentrations, as well as by duodenal calbindin D28K and bone calcium content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bouillon
- Laboratorium voor Experimentele Geneeskunde en Endocrinologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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