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Fission-fusion dynamics in a wild group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on Kinkazan Island caused by the repeated separation of an alpha male being followed by females. Primates 2022; 63:575-582. [PMID: 36053390 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-022-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal cohesion of a group is an essential element of primate society. It is thus important to clarify the factors that influence the extent of variation in spatial cohesion and individual membership in a group over time, known as fission-fusion dynamics. During the mating season of 2019, the alpha male (TY) in a wild group of Japanese macaques on Kinkazan Island repeatedly disappeared from the group, and we observed fission-fusion dynamics caused by his movement. The group seemed to have split when TY left the group or its home range, and females who followed him had the most affiliative relationships with TY or were the relatives of those females. Although TY disappeared from the group in the post-mating season, these fission-fusion dynamics only occurred during the mating season probably because females had a more substantial need for protection against aggression from the other males during the mating season. These results indicate that, although rare, fission-fusion dynamics based on affiliative relationships between males and females can occur with the separation of alpha males from the group. More studies in other populations are needed to clarify the influence of group males on the spatial cohesion of groups.
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Bshary R, Richter XYL, van Schaik C. Male services during between-group conflict: the 'hired gun' hypothesis revisited. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210150. [PMID: 35369754 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In many group-living mammals, philopatric females form the stable core of the group and defend food or shelter against other groups of females. Where males are larger, their participation could give their female group the edge. How can females secure the contribution of males that are neither the father of current infants, nor the dominant male expecting to sire the next generation of infants? It has been proposed that females recruit these males as 'hired guns', receiving social support and copulations in exchange for fighting, against the interests of the dominant male. We first develop the logic of this hypothesis in unprecedented detail by considering the potential pay-off consequences for females and males. We then provide empirical evidence for the existence of hired guns in this context in several primate species. The game-theoretical aspects of the phenomenon remain to be studied, as is the distribution across contexts (e.g. predation avoidance) and species of the hired gun phenomenon. This article is part of the theme issue 'Intergroup conflict across taxa'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouan Bshary
- Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Xiang-Yi Li Richter
- Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carel van Schaik
- Department of Anthropology and Anthropological Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Waasdorp S, Tuffnell JA, Sonsbeek LBV, Schilp CM, van Zeeland YR, Sterck EH. Chopped and dispersed food enhances foraging and reduces stress-related behaviours in captive white-naped mangabeys (Cercocebus lunulatus). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Kurihara Y, Muto H. Behavioral responses of Japanese macaques to playback-simulated intergroup encounters. Behav Processes 2020; 182:104279. [PMID: 33189797 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Group-living animals gain fitness benefits from intergroup aggression, but also incur costs. Advertisement behaviors, such as long-distance calls and scent marking, help animals avoid disadvantageous, or less rewarding, fights. However, it remains unclear how species that lack advertisement behaviors respond to auditory information from other groups. We hypothesized that such species use auditory information prior to visual contact with the opponent group to determine its relative resource holding potential. Here, we aimed to identify the behavioral responses of Japanese macaques to simulated intergroup encounters. We conducted a vocal playback experiment and behavioral observations of 11 adult males and females from two groups intermittently from October 2015 to June 2017. In response to vocalizations of other groups, the macaques stopped feeding, decreased contact calling, and increased visual scanning, which could enable them to make timely and accurate decisions as to whether to fight or flee. The spatial cohesion of the group did not change. These results partly support our hypothesis and suggest that the onset of increased vigilance to opponents is prior to visual contact with them. The present study highlights the importance of investigating early phases of intergroup encounters in species lacking advertisement behaviors to obtain new insights on intergroup conflicts in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kurihara
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan; Center for Education and Research in Field Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Muto
- School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Fighting for what it’s worth: participation and outcome of inter-group encounters in a pair-living primate, the Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Ishizuka S. Fake twins? Two cases of intensive allomaternal care by female Japanese macaques before and after their own partum. Primates 2020; 61:351-355. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Spatial position-associated mating strategies employed by male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) in Yakushima. Primates 2020; 61:415-426. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Mirville MO, Ridley AR, Samedi JPM, Vecellio V, Ndagijimana F, Stoinski TS, Grueter CC. Low familiarity and similar ‘group strength’ between opponents increase the intensity of intergroup interactions in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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9
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Increased Frequency of Intergroup Encounters in Wild Bonobos (Pan paniscus) Around the Yearly Peak in Fruit Abundance at Wamba. INT J PRIMATOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-018-0058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Pal A, Kumara HN, Mishra PS, Velankar AD, Singh M. Between-group encounters in Nicobar long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis umbrosus). ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1459866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Pal
- Conservation Biology Department, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641108, India
- Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Honnavalli N. Kumara
- Conservation Biology Department, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641108, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mishra
- Conservation Biology Department, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641108, India
- Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Avadhoot D. Velankar
- Conservation Biology Department, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641108, India
- Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Mewa Singh
- Biopsychology Laboratory and Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India
- Organismal Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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11
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Cascading competition: the seasonal strength of scramble influences between-group contest in a folivorous primate. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Comparison of energy balance between two different-sized groups of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui). Primates 2017; 58:413-422. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-017-0607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Koch F, Signer J, Kappeler PM, Fichtel C. Intergroup encounters in Verreaux's sifakas ( Propithecus verreauxi): who fights and why? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016; 70:797-808. [PMID: 27194822 PMCID: PMC4841837 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Individuals living in groups have to achieve collective action for successful territorial defense. Because conflicts between neighboring groups always involve risks and costs, individuals must base their decision to participate in a given conflict on an evaluation of the trade-off between potential costs and benefits. Since group members may differ in motivation to engage in group encounters, they exhibit different levels of participation in conflicts. In this study, we investigated factors influencing participation in intergroup encounters in Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi), a group-living primate from Madagascar. Over a period of 12 months, we studied eight adjacent sifaka groups in Kirindy Forest. We observed 71 encounters between known neighboring groups in which adult females and males participated equally as often. No individual participated in every encounter, and non-participation occurred more often in larger groups. Females participated less often in encounters when they had dependent infants, presumably to reduce the risk of infanticide. Male participation was influenced by social status: dominant males participated in most encounters, whereas males with fewer opportunities to reproduce participated less often, hence male participation is influenced by the incentive of maintaining access to females. The number of actively participating individuals in the opponent group positively influenced the participation in both sexes. Thus, sifakas seem to decide joining a given encounter opportunistically, most likely based on a combination of individual incentives and the actual circumstance of each encounter, suggesting that the complexity in intergroup relationships appears to be the product of decisions made by each individual group member. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cooperation among group-living animals is often challenged by collective action problems resulting from individual differences in interests in contributing to collective behaviors. Intergroup encounters involve distinguished costs and benefits for each individual despite being in the same social group. Therefore, encounters between groups offer a good opportunity to investigate individual participation in collective action. In this study, we investigate the influence of different incentives on individual participation in intergroup encounters in wild Malagasy primate, Verreaux's sifakas. We propose a novel approach that takes into account the variable circumstances of each conflict, such as the number of individuals fighting in both groups as a predictor for participation. We believe that our study not only provides novel data on wild sifakas, but it also offers new perspectives for the interpretation of intergroup relationships in other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Koch
- />Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Signer
- />Department of Wildlife Science, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 3, Göttingen, 37077 Germany
| | - Peter M. Kappeler
- />Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- />Department of Sociobiology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- />Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Tsuji Y, Morimoto M. Endozoochorous seed dispersal by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): Effects of temporal variation in ranging and seed characteristics on seed shadows. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:185-91. [PMID: 26469699 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Variation in seed shadows generated by frugivores is caused by daily, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in ranging, as well as inter-specific variability in gut passage times according to seed characteristics. We studied the extent to which seed weight, specific gravity, and daily (morning, afternoon, and evening) and inter-annual (2004 vs. 2005) variation in ranging affected seed shadows generated by wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in northern Japan. The macaques ingested fleshy fruits of 11 species during the two year study period; Viburnum dilatatum (Caprifoliaceae: heavier seeds with higher specific gravity) and Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae: lighter seeds with lower specific gravity) were eaten frequently in both years. The travel distances of macaques after feeding on V. dilatatum and R. multiflora fruits were estimated by combining feeding locations and ranging patterns measured in the field with gut passage times of model seeds in captive animals. Median travel distances after fruit feeding were 431 (quantile range: 277-654) and 478 m (265-646), respectively, with a maximum of 1,261 m. Neither year nor time of day affected travel distances. The gut passage time of model V. dilatatum seeds was longer than that of model R. multiflora seed, but this did not affect dispersal distances. Seed shadows for both species over 2 years showed unimodal distribution (peak: 101-500 m) and more than 90%, 20%, and 3% of ingested seeds were estimated to be dispersed >100, >500, and >1000 m, respectively, the longest known distances among macaque species. R. multiflora seeds tended to be dispersed further in 2004 than 2005, but V. dilatatum seeds were not, implying that inter-annual variations in ranging pattern due to the distribution and abundance of nut fruiting could affect dispersal distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Tsuji
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Mayumi Morimoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
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Kurihara Y, Hanya G. Comparison of feeding behavior between two different-sized groups of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui). Am J Primatol 2015; 77:986-1000. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Japan
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16
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Nakagawa N, Matsubara M, Shimooka Y, Nishikawa M. Embracing in a Wild Group of Yakushima Macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) as an Example of Social Customs. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1086/679448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Impact of forest fragment size on between-group encounters in lion-tailed macaques. Primates 2014; 55:543-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-014-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Nishikawa M, Suzuki M, Sprague DS. Activity and social factors affect cohesion among individuals in female Japanese macaques: A simultaneous focal-follow study. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:694-703. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Mariko Suzuki
- Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - David S. Sprague
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; Tsukuba Japan
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Otani Y, Sawada A, Hanya G. Short-term separation from groups by male Japanese macaques: Costs and benefits in feeding behavior and social interaction. Am J Primatol 2013; 76:374-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Otani
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi Japan
| | - Akiko Sawada
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi Japan
| | - Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi Japan
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Tsuji Y, Takatsuki S. Interannual Variation in Nut Abundance Is Related to Agonistic Interactions of Foraging Female Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata). INT J PRIMATOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-012-9589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Evolution of ape and human mating systems. J Theor Biol 2012; 296:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Tsuji Y. Sleeping-site preferences of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): the importance of nonpredatory factors. J Mammal 2011. [DOI: 10.1644/11-mamm-a-095.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Social Structure Affects Initiations of Group Movements but Not Recruitment Success in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata). INT J PRIMATOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-011-9554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Effects of proximity and activity on visual and auditory monitoring in wild Japanese Macaques. Am J Primatol 2011; 73:623-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Interaction Between Male and Female Mating Strategies and Factors Affecting Reproductive Outcome. THE JAPANESE MACAQUES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-53886-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Regional, Temporal, and Interindividual Variation in the Feeding Ecology of Japanese Macaques. THE JAPANESE MACAQUES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-53886-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Effects of Yearly Change in Nut Fruiting on Autumn Home-range Use by Macaca fuscata on Kinkazan Island, Northern Japan. INT J PRIMATOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-009-9336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Yamagiwa J. History and Present Scope of Field Studies on Macaca fuscata yakui at Yakushima Island, Japan. INT J PRIMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-008-9235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Hanya G, Matsubara M, Hayaishi S, Zamma K, Yoshihiro S, Kanaoka MM, Sugaya S, Kiyono M, Nagai M, Tsuriya Y, Hayakawa S, Suzuki M, Yokota T, Kondo D, Takahata Y. Food conditions, competitive regime, and female social relationships in Japanese macaques: within-population variation on Yakushima. Primates 2007; 49:116-25. [PMID: 18060597 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-007-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Feeding conditions, competitive regime, and female social relationships of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on Yakushima were compared between the two habitats at two different altitudes (coniferous forest, 1,000-1,200 m and coastal forest, 0-200 m). Fruit availability was higher in the coastal forest. There was no consistent difference in the frequency of agonistic interactions within a group during feeding between the two habitats. The coastal forest evoked stronger inter-group contest competition compared to the coniferous forest as evidenced by a higher inter-group encounter rate and a higher proportion of aggressive encounters to non-aggressive ones. Birth rate was higher in larger groups compared to smaller ones in the coastal forest, but did not differ in the coniferous forest. In spite of these differences in competitive regime, no variation in female social relationships was observed, such as direction and concentration on particular individuals in grooming, linearity in dominance rank, counter-attack, and support of juvenile kin during agonistic interactions. The present results indicate that the female social relationships of Japanese macaques are robust and do not change according to changes in the current environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
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HORIUCHI SHIRO. Social relationships of male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in different habitats: a comparison between Yakushima island and Shimokita peninsula populations. ANTHROPOL SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SHIRO HORIUCHI
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University
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Horiuchi S. Affiliative relations among male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) within and outside a troop on Yakushima Island. Primates 2005; 46:191-7. [PMID: 15883648 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-005-0131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) in a troop on Yakushima Island frequently groom other males. However, previous studies have not compared the social relations of troop males to those of non-troop males. I followed all troop males and non-troop males in and near a troop during a mating season and during the following non-mating season and recorded their neighbors, grooming, and agonistic interactions. Comparisons of the social relations of troop males and non-troop males with other troop members revealed that grooming and agonistic interactions with females during the mating season were similar between troop and non-troop males. However, troop males groomed each other more often and had fewer agonistic interactions among themselves than did non-troop males. Compared to what occurred in the mating season, troop males groomed females less often and exchanged grooming bouts more often with other troop males during the non-mating season. One non-troop male groomed females more frequently than did any troop male in both seasons, and this male groomed troop males more frequently than did any troop male in the non-mating season. This male immigrated into the troop during the following mating season. Regardless of their competition with respect to reproduction, male Japanese macaques on Yakushima Island maintain affiliative relations, probably to cooperatively defend fertile females from non-troop males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Human Evolution Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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34
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Majolo B, Ventura R, Koyama NF. Sex, Rank and Age Differences in the Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata yakui) Participation in Inter-Group Encounters. Ethology 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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36
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TSUJI Y, TAKATSUKI S. Food habits and home range use of Japanese macaques on an island inhabited by deer. Ecol Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1703.2004.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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HANYA G, MATSUBARA M, SUGIURA H, HAYAKAWA S, GOTO S, TANAKA T, SOLTIS J, NOMA N. Mass mortality of Japanese macaques in a western coastal forest of Yakushima. Ecol Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1703.2003.00622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hanya G. Seasonal variations in the activity budget of Japanese macaques in the coniferous forest of Yakushima: Effects of food and temperature. Am J Primatol 2004; 63:165-77. [PMID: 15258960 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in the activity budget of Japanese macaques in the coniferous forest of Yakushima were studied over the course of 1 year. On an annual basis, they spent 38% of the daytime feeding, 16% traveling, 14% in social interactions, and 32% engaged in resting. The effects of temperature and food-related factors (i.e., food distribution, feeding speed, and food abundance) on the seasonal variations of activity budget were examined by stepwise multiple regression analysis. When the temperature was low, the macaques decreased traveling and feeding time, in accordance with the prediction that endothermal animals save energy under severe thermoregulatory cost. When the feeding speed of available foods was slow, they spent more time feeding. When high-quality foods were abundant, they decreased feeding time. These macaques did not respond to fluctuations in food distribution. The present results indicate the importance of temperature, in addition to food-related factors, as a determinant of activity budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan.
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Soltis J. Do primate females gain nonprocreative benefits by mating with multiple males? Theoretical and empirical considerations. Evol Anthropol 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/evan.10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
We studied intergroup encounters among moor macaques at the Karaenta Nature Reserve, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Group B has been observed on the basis of individual identification since 1988. We analyzed 85 encounters between members of Group B and members of neighboring groups from September 1990 to November 1998. The average frequency of intergroup encounters was 0.035/hour. Neither the presence of females in estrus nor rainfall had an effect on encounter frequency. Behaviors of moor macaques during intergroup encounters differed from those of Japanese macaques. In moor macaques, no intergroup interactions with body contact were observed during encounters, and females never directed aggression toward members of different groups. The present study did not confirm the prediction of the model of van Schaik (1989). Extension of the existing models is required to explain the difference in female dominance styles among macaques by socioecological factors.
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Takahashi H. Influence of fluctuation in the operational sex ratio to mating of troop and non-troop male Japanese macaques for four years on Kinkazan Island, Japan. Primates 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02629635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Intraspecific variation in the social organization of Japanese macaques: Past and present scope of field studies in natural habitats. Primates 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02573076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Effects of habitat differences on feeding behaviors of Japanese monkeys: Comparison between Yakushima and Kinkazan. Primates 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02573077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Takahashi H, Furuichi T. Comparative study of grooming relationships among wild Japanese macaques in Kinkazan A troop and Yakushima M troop. Primates 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02573084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nakagawa N. Ecological determinants of the behavior and social structure of Japanese monkeys: A synthesis. Primates 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02573085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Inter-annual variation of reproductive parameters and fruit availability in two populations of Japanese macaques. Primates 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02573080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Home range structure and inter-group competition for land of Japanese macaques in evergreen and deciduous forests. Primates 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02573078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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