Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) and rheumatic diseases: HLA class ii antigen-associated diseases

Spondyloarthropathies and arthritis post-infection: a historical perspective

The spondyloarthropathies are a group of conditions characterised by spinal joint pain and have related clinical, epidemiological and genetic-related features. Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, the spinal form of psoriatic arthritis and Crohn's and colitis enteropathic arthritis are the major clinical entities of the spondyloarthropathies, and principally occur in HLA-B27 positive individuals. Ankylosing spondylitis is much more common in males than females. Patients are usually seronegative for rheumatoid factor, and extra-articular features including iridocyclitis, mucous membrane and skin lesions: aortitis, may occur in some patients. The reactive arthritis form classically occurs following an infection of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract. The Crohn's and colitis enteropathic arthritis forms often have an associated large joint asymmetrical arthritis. Also discussed are acute rheumatic fever and Lyme disease which are conditions where the individual develops arthritis after an infection.