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Nagorny S, Laubenstein M, Nisi S, Ueki T. Characterization of vanadium of biological origin for possible applications in physics experiments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 225:106426. [PMID: 32977166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, vanadium of biological origin, extracted from centrifugal fraction of vanadium-storing blood cells of the Ascidia sydneiensis samea species, was characterized as regards its isotopic composition and content of natural radioactive elements potassium (K), thorium (Th) and uranium (U). The natural abundance of vanadium isotopes has been confirmed with high accuracy, thus excluding a possible selectivity within bio-chemical reactions of vanadium concentration in blood cells from seawater. A large potassium concentration (up to 5500 × 10-6 g g-1) was found in the blood cell samples. The concentration of thorium was determined to be about 30 × 10-9 g g-1, while the uranium concentration was about 150 × 10-9 g g-1. Hence, a highly efficient two-stage purification approach with a total vanadium recovery of better than 70% was developed and applied. The final concentrations of K < 100 × 10-6 g g-1 and of U/Th < 0.5 × 10-9 g g-1 in the purified vanadium-containing samples were achieved. Vanadium extracted from centrifugal fraction of vanadium-storing blood cells after two-stage purification approach could be utilized in various applications, where a high chemical purity compound is required. However, to be used as a source of radiopure vanadium in ultra-low-background experiment aimed to search for 50V beta decay, it should be further purified by Electron Beam Melting against residual potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Nagorny
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, I-67100, Italy; INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, I-67100, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Nisi
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, I-67100, Italy
| | - Tatsuya Ueki
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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Thompson ED, Hogstrand C, Glover CN. From sea squirts to squirrelfish: facultative trace element hyperaccumulation in animals. Metallomics 2018; 10:777-793. [PMID: 29850752 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The hyperaccumulation of trace elements is a widely characterized phenomenon in plants, bacteria, and fungi, but has received little attention in animals. However, there are numerous examples of animals that specifically and facultatively accumulate trace elements in the absence of elevated environmental concentrations. Metal hyperaccumulating animals are usually marine invertebrates, likely owing to environmental (e.g. constant exposure via the water) and physiological (e.g. osmoconforming and reduced integument permeability) factors. However, there are examples of terrestrial animals (insect larvae) and marine vertebrates (e.g. squirrelfish) that accumulate high body and/or tissue metal burdens. This review examines examples of animal hyperaccumulation of the elements arsenic, copper, iron, titanium, vanadium and zinc, describing mechanisms by which accumulation occurs and, where possible, hypothesizing functional roles. Groups such as the ascidians (sea squirts), molluscs (gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods) and polychaete annelids feature prominently as animals with hyperaccumulating capacity. Many of these species are potential model organisms offering insight into fundamental processes underlying metal handling, with relevance to human disease and aquatic metal toxicity, and some offer promise in applied fields such as bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E David Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, SC 245 Nunn Dr Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA.
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Liu Y, Zhou Q, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Xu J, Xue C. Enrichment, Distribution of Vanadium-Containing Protein in Vanadium-Enriched Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and the Ameliorative Effect on Insulin Resistance. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:167-75. [PMID: 26419760 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are a potential source of natural organic vanadium that may improve insulin resistance. In this work, vanadium was accumulated rapidly in blood, body wall, and intestine by sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Furthermore, water-soluble vanadium-containing proteins, the main form of the organic vanadium, were tentatively accumulated and isolated by a bioaccumulation experiment. It was also designed to evaluate the beneficial effect of vanadium-containing proteins (VCPs) from sea cucumber rich in vanadium on the development of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD). HFSD mice treated with VCPs significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR values as compared to HFSD mice, respectively. Serum adiponectin, resistin, TNF-α, and leptin levels in insulin-resistant mice were dramatically reduced by a VCP supplement. These results show an ameliorative effect on insulin resistance by treatment with VCPs. Such compound seems to be a valuable therapy to achieve and/or maintain glycemic control and therapeutic agents in the treatment arsenal for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qingxin Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanlei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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Michibata H, Uyama T, Ueki T, Kanamori K. Vanadocytes, cells hold the key to resolving the highly selective accumulation and reduction of vanadium in ascidians. Microsc Res Tech 2002; 56:421-34. [PMID: 11921344 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Since Henze discovered vanadium in the blood (or coelomic) cells of an ascidian in 1911, this unusual phenomenon has attracted the interest of many investigators. The highest concentration of vanadium (350 mM) in the blood cells of Ascidia gemmata, which belongs to the suborder Phlebobranchia, is 10(7) times higher than that in seawater. Of the approximately 10 types of blood cells, a combination of cell fractionation and neutron-activation analysis revealed that the signet ring cells were the true vanadocytes. In the vanadocytes, 97.6% of the vanadium is in the +3 oxidation state (III). The extremely low pH of 1.9 found in vanadocytes suggests that protons, concentrated by an H(+)-ATPase, might be linked to the accumulation of vanadium energetically. The antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody, S4D5, prepared to identify vanadocytes, was determined to be 6-PGDH in the pentose phosphate pathway. NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway in vanadocytes is thought to participate in the reduction of vanadium(V) to vanadium(IV). During embryogenesis, a vanadocyte-specific antigen first appears in the body wall at the same time that significant accumulations of vanadium become apparent. Three different vanadium-associated proteins (VAPs) were extracted from the blood cells of vanadium-rich ascidians. These are 12.5, 15, and 16 kDa in size and are associated with vanadium in an approximate ratio of 1:16. The cDNA encoding the 12.5 and 15 kDa VAPs was isolated and the proteins encoded were found to be novel. Further biochemical and biophysical characterization of the VAPs is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Michibata
- Mukaishima Marine Biological Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Laboratory of Marine Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 722-0073, Japan.
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NETTE GW, SCIPPA S, de VINCENTIIS M. Cytochemical localisation of vanadium(III) in the ascidianPhallusia mammillataCuvier during development. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1998.9652653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hogarth AN, Thong PSP, Lane DJW, Watt F. A Quantitative, Comparative Study of Element Variations Found within the Range of Blood Cells from the Tropical AscidianPhallusia philippinensis, using the Nuclear Microscope. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1998.tb01143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Michibata H. The Mechanism of Accumulation of Vanadium by Ascidians: Some Progress towards an Understanding of this Unusual Phenomenon. Zoolog Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.13.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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