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Vazheva G, Zisova L, Miteva-Katrandzhieva T, Dichev V, Chonov V. Comparative analysis in diagnosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction versus direct microscopy, culture, and histology in fungal infections of the nails, scalp, and skin. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:1499-1505. [PMID: 37776141 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of superficial fungal infections is the subject of intensive research in many countries around the world. The diagnostic methods used are diverse, including both conventional and innovative techniques. METHODS This study evaluates the sensitivity, specificity, and efficacy of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology and compares them with those of the conventional methods - direct microscopic, cultural, and histological examinations of materials from hair, skin, and nails - in order to demonstrate the benefits and significance of real-time PCR for the diagnosis of dermatophytic infections. RESULTS The values obtained for the sensitivity, specificity, and efficacy of direct microscopic, cultural, histological, and real-time PCR studies are as follows: 63.71, 88.89, and 72.96% (P < 0.001); 58.06, 100, and 73.47% (P < 0.001); 85.96, 100, and 90.70% (P < 0.001); 88.52, 100, and 92.63% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The use of real-time PCR in the diagnosis of dermatophytic infections is a relatively new approach in mycology and is subject to testing and experience from its use. The results are promising, but the method has not yet established itself as a new gold standard in the diagnosis of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes, though its application would be very useful in identifying isolates without conidiogenesis or absence of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Vazheva
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya Zisova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Valentin Dichev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Veselin Chonov
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Vazheva GZ, Zisova LG, Becheva EA, Chonov VR, Dichev VD, Miteva-Katrandzhieva TM, Rachkovska ZV, Orbetzova MM, Belovezhdov VT. In search of dermatophytes - frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:922-931. [PMID: 36876571 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e85486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Onychomycosis is a frequent nail disorder, accounting for up to 50% of all nail problems. Treatment of onychomycosis is expensive and requires a long time of antifungal medications. Consequently, a proper and faster diagnosis is necessary. Especially for those patients with diabetes mellitus, where onychomycosis is among the most significant predictors of foot ulcer and possible severe complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria M Orbetzova
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, St George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Veiga FF, de Castro-Hoshino LV, Rezende PST, Baesso ML, Svidzinski TIE. Insights on the etiopathogenesis of onychomycosis by dermatophyte, yeast and non dermatophyte mold in ex vivo model. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1810-1814. [PMID: 35818750 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungal biofilms have been involved in the pathogenesis of onychomycosis, but the aspects contributing to this association need to be enlightened. This study aimed to investigate the ability of three different fungi to form biofilm on the nail. All evaluated fungi were able to grow on the nails, using them as the only nutritional source and formed a structure strongly suggestive of biofilms. However, their architecture and morphology were highly contrasting: Candida albicans showed dense growth, exhibited a well-structured community and a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM), and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy reinforced these findings revealing components suggestive of the biofilm. For Fusarium oxysporum these events were also observed, but in lower intensity. Furthermore, while Trichophyton rubrum presented a well-organized architecture, the ECM was not visualized. We hypothesize that these findings are related to the symptomatology of onychomycosis. When it is caused by a non-dermatophyte, it usually is accompanied with paronychia, pain, edema, inflammation and few signals of keratolysis, while dermatophytes are more associated with intense onycholysis and absence of the inflammatory signals. Biofilm seems to be crucial for non-dermatophytes to cause onychomycosis, but not for T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franco Veiga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Pamela Stéphani Tymniak Rezende
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Mauro Luciano Baesso
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Subramanya SH, Subedi S, Metok Y, Kumar A, Prakash PY, Nayak N. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis of the finger nail in a neonate: a rare case. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 31133007 PMCID: PMC6535841 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Onychomycosis is extremely rare in neonates, infrequently reported in children and is considered to be exclusively a disease of adults. Case presentation We, herein report a case of fingernail onychomycosis in a 28-day-old, healthy, male neonate. The child presented with a history of yellowish discoloration of the fingernail of the left hand for one week. The etiological agent was demonstrated both by microscopic examination and culture of nail clippings. The isolate grown on culture was identified as Candida albicans by phenotypic characteristics and by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antifungal sensitivity testing was performed by broth dilution method as per the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. An oral swab culture of the child also yielded C. albicans with the same antibiogram as the nail isolate. The case was diagnosed as distal and lateral subungual candida onychomycosis of severity index score 22 (severe) and was treated with syrup fluconazole 6 mg/kg body weight/week and 5% amorolfine nail lacquer once/week for three months. After three months of therapy, the patient completely recovered with the development of a healthy nail plate. Conclusions The case is presented due to its rarity in neonates which, we suppose is the first case report of onychomycosis from Nepal in a 28-day-old neonate. Oral colonization with pathogenic yeasts and finger suckling could be risk factors for neonatal onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Metok
- Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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Joyce A, Gupta AK, Koenig L, Wolcott R, Carviel J. Fungal Diversity and Onychomycosis An Analysis of 8,816 Toenail Samples Using Quantitative PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2019; 109:57-63. [PMID: 30964314 DOI: 10.7547/17-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail that is often recalcitrant to treatment and prone to relapse. Traditional potassium hydroxide and culture diagnosis is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, molecular methods were investigated to demonstrate effectiveness in diagnosis and to quantify the microbial flora present that may be contributing to disease. METHODS A total of 8,816 clinically suspicious toenail samples were collected by podiatric physicians across the United States from patients aged 0 to 103 years and compared with a control population (N = 20). Next-generation sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to identify and quantify dermatophytes, nondermatophyte molds, and bacteria. RESULTS Approximately 50% of suspicious toenails contained both fungi and bacteria, with the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum contributing the highest relative abundance and presence in 40% of these samples. Of the remaining 50% of samples, 34% had bacterial species present and 16% had neither. Fungi only were present in less than 1% of samples. Nondermatophyte molds contributed to 11.0% of occurrences in fungus-positive samples. All of the control samples were negative for fungi, with commensal bacterial species composing most of the flora population. CONCLUSIONS Molecular methods were successful in efficiently quantifying microbial and mycologic presence in the nail. Contributions from dermatophytes were lower than expected, whereas the opposite was true for nondermatophyte molds. The clinical significance of these results is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Joyce
- Joyce Podiatry, Westminster, MD. Dr. Joyce is now with Dermfoot Educational Ventures, LLC, Pawley's Island, SC
| | | | - Lars Koenig
- Research and Testing Laboratory, Lubbock, TX
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Onychomycosis due to Candida parapsilosis in a Child with Ventricular Septal Defect: An Unusual Predisposition. Case Rep Pediatr 2016; 2016:7026068. [PMID: 27195165 PMCID: PMC4852352 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7026068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is emerging as a potential pathogen for onychomycosis. A 4-year-old male child with perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) was admitted with features of cystitis and was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. Two weeks later, he developed yellowish discoloration of nails of both hands. The sloughed out nail, on microscopy, showed numerous yeast forms that were identified as Candida parapsilosis by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antifungal sensitivity testing of the isolate was performed by microbroth dilution method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Patient was successfully treated with topical amphotericin B and oral fluconazole. Thus, one should have a high index of suspicion of C. parapsilosis onychomycosis, especially when the patient is in the paediatric age group, presenting with unusual predisposing condition like congenital heart disease, and is on broad spectrum antibiotics.
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Dar MS, Sreedar G, Shukla A, Gupta P, Rehan AD, George J. An in vitro study of antifungal drug susceptibility of Candida species isolated from human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and human immunodeficiency virus seronegative individuals in Lucknow population Uttar Pradesh. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:205-11. [PMID: 26604498 PMCID: PMC4611930 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.164534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients, starting from asymptomatic colonization to pathogenic forms and gradual colonization of non-albicans in patients with advanced immunosuppression leads to resistance for azole group of antifungal drugs with high rate of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES To isolate the Candida species and determine of antifungal drug susceptibility against fluconazole, itraconazole, nystatin, amphotericin B, and clotrimazolein HIV seropositive and control individuals, with or without clinical oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Includes samples from faucial region of 70 subjects with and without clinical candidiasis in HIV seropositive and controls were aseptically inoculated onto Sabaraud's Dextrose Agar media and yeasts were identified for the specific species by Corn Meal Agar, sugar fermentation and heat tolerance tests. Antifungal drug susceptibility of the isolated species was done against above-mentioned drugs by E-test and disc diffusion method. RESULTS The commonly isolated species in HIV seropositive and controls were Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis Candida guilliermondii and Candida dubliniensis isolated only in HIV seropositive patients. Susceptibility against selected antifungal drugs was observed more in HIV-negative individuals whereas susceptible dose-dependent and resistance were predominant in HIV-positive patients. CONCLUSION Resistance is the major problem in the therapy of OPC, especially in HIV seropositive patients due to aggressive and prolonged use of antifungal agents, therefore, our study emphasizes the need for antifungal drug susceptibility testing whenever antifungal treatment is desired, especially in HIV-infected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafi Dar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gadiputi Sreedar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhilasha Shukla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, King George Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmad Danish Rehan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jiji George
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pakshir K, Zomorodian K, Zakaei A, Motamedi M, Rahimi Ghiasi M, Karamitalab M. Molecular identification and in-vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species isolated from patients with onychomycosis. Curr Med Mycol 2015; 1:26-32. [PMID: 28681001 PMCID: PMC5490278 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Candida species are the most opportunistic fungi affecting the nails and resulting in onychomycosis. In this study, we identified and evaluated in-vitro susceptibility of the recovered isolates against fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VRC), and clotrimazole (CLT) using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 document. MATERIALS AND METHODS From patients with either clinically or mycologically proven onychomycosis, 97 isolates comprising of seven Candida species were isolated, which were identified by both conventional and molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In addition, Candida dubliniensis was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis. Antifungal susceptibility of each isolate against the three azoles applied in this study was determined using the CLSI microdilution reference method M27-A3. RESULTS Candida parapsilosis(C. parapsilosis) was the most frequently isolated species (n=44), followed by C. albicans (n=23), C.tropicalis (n=13), C.glabrata (n=7), C.krusei (n=6), C.guilliermondii (n=3), and C. dubliniensis (n=1). All the isolates were susceptible to CLT. VRC had lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the isolates compared to FLC. Geometric mean MIC values of VRC, FLC, and CLT for C. parapsilosis isolates were 0.07 μg/ml, 0.8 μg/ml, and 0.35 μg/ml, respectively. Collectively, all species exhibited greater susceptibility to VRC in comparison to C. albicans (P≤0.001). CONCLUSION This study showed that non-albicansCandida species were the most common etiologic agents of non-dermatophyte onychomycosis. The major antifungal agents used in clinics to empirically treat yeast onychomycosis are FLC and CLT. Our data suggested that CLT is a better choice for the treatment of Candida onychomycosis, especially in drug resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pakshir
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K Zomorodian
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Zakaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Rahimi Ghiasi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Karamitalab
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Khosravi AR, Shokri H, Nikaein D, Mansouri P, Erfanmanesh A, Chalangari R, Katalin M. Yeasts as Important Agents of Onychomycosis:In VitroActivity of Propolis Against Yeasts Isolated from Patients with Nail Infection. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19:57-62. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Khosravi
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Donya Nikaein
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mansouri
- Dermatology Clinic, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Erfanmanesh
- Academic Center of Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Chalangari
- Dermatology Clinic, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martis Katalin
- Dermatology Clinic, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Manzano-Gayosso P, Méndez-Tovar LJ, Arenas R, Hernández-Hernández F, Millán-Chiu B, Torres-Rodríguez JM, Cortés-González E, Fernández R, López-Martínez R. [Onychomycosis-causing yeasts in four Mexican dermatology centers and their antifungal susceptibility to azolic compounds]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2010; 28:32-5. [PMID: 21147249 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeasts represent the second cause of nail fungal infection in the world, and Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the two most common species. OBJECTIVES To determine the yeast species frequency and their in vitro antifungal susceptibility, obtained from patients with clinical features suggestive of onychomycosis. METHODS A prospective study was carried out in four dermatological care centers in Mexico from 2004 to 2007. Clinical diagnosis was corroborated by direct examination and culture. The yeast species was determined by morphological and biochemical tests. An antifungal susceptibility test to ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole by the broth microdilution method was performed on each isolate (document M27-A2). RESULTS One hundred sixty-six yeast isolates were obtained; the most frequently found species were C. parapsilosis (31.9%), C. albicans (22.4%) and Candida guilliermondii (12.7%). Of all isolates, 51 showed resistance to one or several of the azole compounds: 33 to itraconazole, 12 to ketoconazole and 6 to fluconazole. It was remarkable that the four Candida glabrata isolates were resistant to the three azole compounds; C. guilliermondii and Candida famata were resistant to itraconazole in 42.9% and 54.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results obtained show the importance of identifying the aetiological agent and antifungal susceptibility testing in order to avoid therapeutic failures in onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Manzano-Gayosso
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
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Makni F, Sellami A, Trabelsi H, Sellami H, Cheikhrouhou F, Neji S, Ayadi A. Évolution de la flore des levures isolées au CHU de Sfax, Tunisie. J Mycol Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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van Asbeck EC, Clemons KV, Stevens DA. Candida parapsilosis: a review of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, typing and antimicrobial susceptibility. Crit Rev Microbiol 2010; 35:283-309. [PMID: 19821642 DOI: 10.3109/10408410903213393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Candida parapsilosis family has emerged as a major opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. It causes multifaceted pathology in immuno-compromised and normal hosts, notably low birth weight neonates. Its emergence may relate to an ability to colonize the skin, proliferate in glucose-containing solutions, and adhere to plastic. When clusters appear, determination of genetic relatedness among strains and identification of a common source are important. Its virulence appears associated with a capacity to produce biofilm and production of phospholipase and aspartyl protease. Further investigations of the host-pathogen interactions are needed. This review summarizes basic science, clinical and experimental information about C. parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline C van Asbeck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, and California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA
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Khosravi A, Shokri H, Mansouri P, Katiraee F, Ziglari T. Candida species isolated from nails and their in vitro susceptibility to antifungal drugs in the department of Dermatology (University of Tehran, Iran). J Mycol Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oliveira ACP, Shinobu CS, Longhini R, Franco SL, Svidzinski TIE. Antifungal activity of propolis extract against yeasts isolated from onychomycosis lesions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 101:493-7. [PMID: 17072451 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of propolis extract against 67 yeasts isolated from onychomycosis in patients attending at the Teaching and Research Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the State University of Maringá. The method used was an adaptation made from the protocol approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The yeasts tested were: Candida parapsilosis 35%, C. tropicalis 23%, C. albicans 13%, and other species 29%. The propolis extract showed excellent performance regarding its antifungal activity: the concentration capable of inhibiting the all of the yeasts was 5 x 10(-2) mg/ml of flavonoids and 2 x 10(-2) mg/ml of flavonoids stimulated their cellular death. Trichosporon sp. were the most sensitive species, showing MIC50 and MIC90 of 1.25 x 10(-2) mg/ml of flavonoids, and C. tropicalis was the most resistant, with CFM50 of 5 x 10(-2) mg/ml of flavonoids and MFC90 of 10 x 10(-2) mg/ml. In view of the fact that propolis is a natural, low cost, nontoxic product with proven antifungal activity, it should be considered as another option in the onychomycosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Pozzi Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clînicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Dorko E, Baranová Z, Jenca A, Kizek P, Pilipcinec E, Tkáciková L. Diabetes mellitus and candidiases. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2005; 50:255-61. [PMID: 16295665 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients in various clinical states of diabetes mellitus (according to the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association) as a primary diagnosis were examined for fungal infections by Candida species. Candida spp. were detected in urine, in the material taken from the mouth cavity, nails, skin lesions, ears and eyes, by cultivation on the Sabouraud agar, CHROMagar Candida, and by saccharide assimilation. In the group of diabetics with symptoms of oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis C. albicans was identified in 8 cases, C. tropicalis in 3, C. parapsilosis in 2; 1 strain of C. guilliermondii was also isolated. In patients with urinary tract infections the presence of C. albicans was shown in 12 cases; C. parapsilosis was detected in 6 cases and two strains of each C. tropicalis and C. krusei were also isolated. In patients with leg ulcers C. albicans (25 cases), C. parapsilosis (5), C. tropicalis (3) and one strain of each C. krusei and C. robusta were isolated. Otomycosis was associated with one strain of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondii. C. albicans was most frequently associated with onychomycosis, paronychia and endophthalmitis; C. parapsilosis was the second most rated yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dorko
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Safárik University, Kosice, Slovakia.
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Hamal P, Dostál J, Raclavský V, Krylová M, Pichová I, Hrusková-Heidlngsfeldová O. Secreted aspartate proteinases, a virulence factor of Candida spp.: occurrence among clinical isolates. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004; 49:491-6. [PMID: 15530018 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Production of secreted aspartate proteinases was determined in a set of 646 isolates of Candida and non-Candida yeast species collected from 465 patients of the University Hospital in Olomouc (Czechia) in the period 1995-2002, and Candida samples obtained from 64 healthy volunteers using solid media developed for this purpose. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) 79 Candida isolates from blood were analyzed to show potential relationships between clustering of the fingerprints and extracellular proteolytic activity of these strains. C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis possess always proteolytic activity while non-Candida species did not display any proteolysis. A tight relationship between fingerprints and extracellular proteolysis in the Candida isolates was not shown. A remarkable consistency between fingerprint clusters and proteolysis occurred in a subset of C. parapsilosis samples. Suboptimal pH of the growth medium was shown to facilitate the investigation of potential co-incidence of genotypic and phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hamal
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
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17
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Dorko E, Jautová J, Pilipcinec E, Tkáciková L. Occurrence ofCandida strains in cases of paronychia. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004; 49:591-5. [PMID: 15702551 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A total of 43 patients, 11 males and 32 females, with paronychia of the fingernails were examined for the presence of Candida spp. The yeast species isolated were identified using standard laboratory methods, including germ-tube production, morphology on rice agar with Tween 80, and mainly fermentation and assimilation of saccharides. In the male group, two Candida species were detected: C. albicans as the dominant species in 9 patients and C. parapsilosis in 2 cases. Similarly, C. albicans was the prevalent species also in females (n = 17); other Candida species detected were C. parapsilosis (n = 7), C. tropicalis (5) and C. krusei (3). In addition to the genus Candida, the following anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms were isolated from patients of both groups: Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Staphylococcus aureus, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dorko
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Safárik University, 041 80 Kosice, Slovakia.
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18
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Novák A, Vágvölgyi C, Pesti M. Characterization of Candida albicans colony-morphology mutants and their hybrids. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2003; 48:203-9. [PMID: 12800504 DOI: 10.1007/bf02930957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The collection wild-type strain of Candida albicans was used to obtain auxotrophic and colony-morphology mutants by 'nitrosoguanidine' treatment. Intraspecific protoplast fusion induced by Ca(2+)-poly(ethyleneglycol) was carried out in various pairings between the auxotrophic strain producing smooth colonies and containing blastospores and the colony-morphology mutants containing a mixture of blastospores and pseudohyphae or only hyphae. Hybrids exhibiting full or partial complementation were obtained when mutants producing smooth colonies and colony-morphology variants of different origins were fused. The mutation responsible for the colony-morphology character (if various types of colony morphomutants were crossed) proved to be recessive or semidominant. Representative hybrids exhibited elevated DNA contents as measured by flow cytometry. To illustrate various cell types, and especially the intermediate one (never observed in natural isolates), a preparation method was further developed for scanning electron microscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Novák
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, 7601 Pécs, Hungary
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19
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Korabecná M, Liska V, Fajfrlík K. Primers ITS1, ITS2 and ITS4 detect the intraspecies variability in the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene region in clinical isolates of fungi. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2003; 48:233-8. [PMID: 12800508 DOI: 10.1007/bf02930961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) was used for examination of 66 isolates belonging to 19 species. Intraspecies variability was found in the examined region of 11 species (Candida albicans, C. catenulata, C. colliculosa, C. glabrata, C. kefyr, C. melinii, C. parapsilosis, C. guillermondii, C. solanii, C. tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Region of ITS-5.8S rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The amplicons were digested by HaeIII, HinfI and CfoI. The recognized intraspecies variability was confirmed in the second step, in which the shorter fragments of this region were amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS2 and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Considerable intraspecific variability renders this method unsuitable for species identification, whereas it can be useful for epidemiological tracing of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Korabecná
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 301 66 Pilsen, Czechia.
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