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Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from goat’s milk. J Vet Res 2021; 65:449-455. [PMID: 35111998 PMCID: PMC8775730 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococci are widespread, being part of the bacterial flora of humans and animals. The food chain can be therefore considered as the main route of transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria between the animal and human populations. Milk in particular represents a source from which resistant bacteria can enter the human food chain. The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence and resistance to antimicrobial agents of Enterococcus spp. strains isolated from raw goat’s milk samples. Material and Methods A total of 207 goat’s milk samples were collected. Samples were cultivated on selective media and confirmed as E. faecium or E. faecalis and screened for selected resistance genes by PCR. Drug susceptibility determination was performed by microdilution on Sensititre EU Surveillance Enterococcus EUVENC Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) Plates and Sensititre US National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Gram Positive CMV3AGPF AST Plates. Results Enterococcal strains totalling 196 were isolated, of which 40.8% were E. faecalis and 15.3% were E. faecium. All tested isolates were susceptible to linezolid, penicillin and tigecycline. For most other antimicrobials the prevalence of resistance was 0.5–6.6% while high prevalence of quinupristin/dalfopristin (51.5%), tetracycline (30%) and lincomycin (52%) resistance was observed. Conclusion This study affords better knowledge concerning the safety of raw goat’s milk in terms of the enterococci possible to isolate from this foodstuff. It seems that enterococci in milk are still mostly susceptible to antimicrobials of major concern as multiply resisted drugs, such as gentamycin and vancomycin. However, the presence of multi-resistant strains in goat milk is cause for apprehension.
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Štefániková J, Árvay J, Kunová S, Kowalczewski PŁ, Kačániová M. Aroma profile and lactic acid bacteria characteristic of traditional Slovak cheese "May bryndza". FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2021; 28:580-591. [PMID: 34515545 DOI: 10.1177/10820132211039916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the results of the characterization of a traditional Slovak cheese called "May bryndza" with regard to the profiles of volatile organic compounds and lactic acid bacteria. Samples of "May bryndza" cheese produced solely from unpasteurized ewe's milk were collected from 4 different Slovak farms, and samples of the cheese produced from a mixture of 2 types of milk (raw ewe's and pasteurized cow's milk) were collected from 3 different Slovak industrial dairies. There were 15 compounds detected and identified by the electronic nose. The impact of the kind of milk and the kind of dairy on the aroma profile of the product was not confirmed by PCA. The compounds with the highest relative contents in samples were acetoin (2.59%-24.55%), acetic acid (6.69%-13.39%), methoxy-phenyl-oxime (4.49%-8.52%), butanoic acid (1.89%-5.67%), and 2,3-butanediol (0.98%-4.08%), which were determined with gas chromatography. A total of 1533 isolates of LAB were obtained from the "May bryndza" cheese samples. Four families, five genera, and 19 species were identified with mass spectrometry, and isolated bacteria, both from the farm and industry dairies were the most frequently found to belong to Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Štefániková
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, 74489Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Július Árvay
- Department of Chemistry, 74489Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Simona Kunová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, 74489Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Fruit Sciences, Viticulture and Enology, 49645Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Department of Bioenergy and Food Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, 49726University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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Al Seraih A, Belguesmia Y, Cudennec B, Baah J, Drider D. In Silico and Experimental Data Claiming Safety Aspects and Beneficial Attributes of the Bacteriocinogenic Strain Enterococcus faecalis B3A-B3B. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:456-465. [PMID: 29168155 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at comparing the genome of Enterococcus faecalis B3A-B3B, a bacteriocinogenic strain recently isolated from a healthy Iraqi infant to those of Enterococci of clinical and beneficial grades. The putative genes gelE, cpd, efaAfm, ccf, agg, and cob coding for virulence factors were detected in B3A-B3B strain, which meanwhile resulted to be non-cytotoxic, non-hemolytic, devoid of inflammatory effects, and sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested except for clindamycin and trimethoprim, which resistance is usually ascribed to intrinsic nature. B3A-B3B strain was remarkable for its hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, adhesion to human Caco-2 cells, and survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and cholesterol assimilation fulfilling therefore key beneficial attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Al Seraih
- Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Yanath Belguesmia
- Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - John Baah
- Best Environmental Technologies Inc, 9610-39 Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6E 5T9, Canada
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
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Boháčová M, Zdeňková K, Tomáštíková Z, Fuchsová V, Demnerová K, Karpíšková R, Pazlarová J. Monitoring of resistance genes in Listeria monocytogenes isolates and their presence in the extracellular DNA of biofilms: a case study from the Czech Republic. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:653-664. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kubašová I, Strompfová V, Lauková A. Safety assessment of commensal enterococci from dogs. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 62:491-498. [PMID: 28316009 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci form a complex, diverse, and very important group of bacteria from the technological and food safety aspect, or from the health-improving aspect as probiotics. Generally, enterococci are considered to be of low pathogenic potential, which is associated mostly with clinical strains. In these strains, production of virulence factors as well as resistance to many antimicrobial drugs could complicate treatment of nosocomial infections. Because there is a lack of information on incidence of these attributes in animal commensal enterococci, we screened 160 strains originating from feces of clinically healthy dogs in Eastern Slovakia (n = 105). The predominant species were Enterococcus faecium (57.5%) followed by Enterococcus faecalis (21.9%), and Enterococcus hirae (17.5%), while Enterococcus casseliflavus (1.9%) and Enterococcus mundtii (1.2%) rarely occurred. Among the tested antibiotics, gentamicin (high level) was the most effective drug against canine enterococci (95% of isolates were sensitive). In contrast, the highest resistance recorded (71.9%) was to teicoplanin. PCR screening showed the highest incidence of virulence genes in E. faecalis species. The most frequently detected were genes encoding adhesins efa Afm and efa Afs and sex pheromone cpd. IS16 gene, a marker specific for hospital strains, appeared in nine E. faecium strains. No strain was positive for DNase activity, 8.8% of the isolated strains showed gelatinase activity, and almost 100% strains produced tyramine. It seems commensal-derived enterococci from dogs could also to some extent be potential reservoir of risk factors for other microbiota or organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kubašová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Viola Strompfová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
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WU X, HOU S, ZHANG Q, MA Y, ZHANG Y, KAN W, ZHAO X. Prevalence of virulence and resistance to antibiotics in pathogenic enterococci isolated from mastitic cows. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1663-1668. [PMID: 27476730 PMCID: PMC5138418 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of enterococci was examined in 280 milk samples collected from dairy cattle diagnosed with mastitis in three provinces of western China. Sixty strains of enterococci were isolated, and the species were determined based on their biochemical characters and 16S rRNA sequences. Resistance to seven antibiotic agents, frequency of seven virulence genes and pathogenicity in Kunming mice were tested to evaluate biological risks. The correlation between the number of virulence genes and pathogenicity in Kunming mice was also evaluated. The 60 isolates were allocated to Enterococcus hirae (68.3%), E. faecium (25.0%), E. mundtii (3.3%) and E. durans (3.3%). A total of 83.3% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, whereas 15.0% were resistant to ampicillin, 15.0% to vancomycin, 6.7% to tetracycline and 25.0% to ciprofloxacin. Moreover, isolates exhibited 50.0% and 21.7% resistance to high levels of gentamycin and streptomycin, respectively. The gene asa1 was detected in all enterococcal isolates, whereas 66.7% of strains harbored three or more virulence factors and 56.7% were asa1-ccf-gelE-positive. In pathogenicity tests, isolates harboring numerous virulence factors did not show greater invasiveness than isolates harboring fewer virulence traits against Kunming mice. In conclusion, the number of virulence factors does not appear to predict the risk of enterococcal infection. Isolates were commonly resistant to penicillin and sporadically to ampicillin and vancomycin. These results suggest that the use of gentamycin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin against enterococci should be avoided in mastitic cows. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the majority of isolates are sensitive to tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu WU
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shubao HOU
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Quanwei ZHANG
- College of Life Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Youji MA
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu
Agricultural University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070,
China
| | - Yong ZHANG
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei KAN
- No. 498, Helanshanxilu, Department of Agriculture and
Husbandry, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xingxu ZHAO
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
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de Jesus IC, Santos Frazão GG, Blank AF, de Aquino Santana LCL. Myrcia ovata Cambessedes essential oils: A proposal for a novel natural antimicrobial against foodborne bacteria. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:142-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Olawale AK, David OM, Oluyege AO, Osuntoyinbo RT, Laleye SA, Famurewa O. Histopathological changes induced in an animal model by potentially pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis strains recovered from ready-to-eat food outlets in Osun State, Nigeria. Infect Drug Resist 2015; 8:181-7. [PMID: 26170700 PMCID: PMC4492643 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s61381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci have been implicated as an emerging important cause of several diseases and multiple antibiotic resistance. However, there is little information about the prevalence of pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in ready-to-eat foods in Nigeria. Here we report the pathogenic potential of three selected antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis strains isolated from food canteens and food outlets with different virulence determinant genes, including EFC 12 (with gel+, esp+, cylA+, and asa1+), EFT 148 (with gel+, ace+, and asa1+), and EFS 18 (with esp+ and cylA+) in an animal model. Enterococcemia, hematological parameters, and histopathological changes in organ tissues were examined in experimental animals. The results showed differences in enterococcemia and hematological parameters between the control group and experimental animal group. Enterococcemia was observed for 7 days, and the animal group infected with EFC 12 showed the highest growth rate, followed by EFT 148, with the lowest growth rate seen in the EFS 18-infected group. White blood cell count, packed cell volume, and platelets were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the experimental animals compared with the controls. White blood cells decreased drastically during the study period in rats challenged with EFC 12 (from 7,800 to 6,120 per mm3) but levels remained higher in the control group (from 9,228 to 9,306 per mm3). Histopathological changes included areas of pronounced hemorrhage, necrosis, and distortion in liver tissues, which were more marked in rats infected with EFC 12, followed by EFT 148, then EFS 18. The results of this study suggest the presence of potentially pathogenic E. faecalis strains in food canteens and food outlets; hence, there is a need for strict adherence to good hygiene practices in the study area owing to the epidemiological significance of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetunji Kola Olawale
- Department of Applied Sciences, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria ; Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwole Moses David
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria ; Phytomedicine Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Oladiran Famurewa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Jain RM, Mody KH, Keshri J, Jha B. Biological neutralization and biosorption of dyes of alkaline textile industry wastewater. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 84:83-89. [PMID: 24910184 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work was aimed to secure biological neutralization and biosorption of dyes of an alkaline textile industrial effluent (ATIE) using an alkaliphilic bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis strain R-16 isolated from Gujarat coast. The isolate was capable and competent to bring down the pH of ATIE from 12.1 to 7.0 within 2 h in the presence of carbon and nitrogen sources. Carboxylic group concentration (CGC), NMR and FT-IR analysis revealed production of carboxylic acid as a result of neutralization. The unconventional carbon and nitrogen sources like Madhuca indica flowers or sugar cane bagasse supported the growth of bacterium with effective neutralization and biosorption of dyes from ATIE. The process proved to be efficient, inexpensive and eco-friendly as compared to conventional chemical neutralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeshkumar M Jain
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364021, India
| | - Kalpana H Mody
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364021, India.
| | - Jitendra Keshri
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364021, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364021, India
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Medeiros AW, Pereira RI, Oliveira DV, Martins PD, d'Azevedo PA, Van der Sand S, Frazzon J, Frazzon APG. Molecular detection of virulence factors among food and clinical Enterococcus faecalis strains in South Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:327-32. [PMID: 24948952 PMCID: PMC4059318 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present report aimed to perform a molecular epidemiological survey by investigating the presence of virulence factors in E. faecalis isolated from different human clinical (n = 57) and food samples (n = 55) in Porto Alegre, Brazil, collected from 2006 to 2009. In addition, the ability to form biofilm in vitro on polystyrene and the β-haemolytic and gelatinase activities were determined. Clinical strains presented a higher prevalence of aggregation substance (agg), enterococcal surface protein (esp) and cytolysin (cylA) genes when compared with food isolates. The esp gene was found only in clinical strains. On the other hand, the gelatinase (gelE) and adherence factor (ace) genes had similar prevalence among the strains, showing the widespread occurrence of these virulence factors among food and clinical E. faecalis strains in South Brazil. More than three virulence factor genes were detected in 77.2% and 18.2% of clinical and food strains, respectively. Gelatinase and β-haemolysin activities were not associated with the presence of gelE and cylA genes. The ability to produce biofilm was detected in 100% of clinical and 94.6% of food isolates, and clinical strains were more able to form biofilm than the food isolates (Student’s t-test, p < 0.01). Results from the statistical analysis showed significant associations between strong biofilm formation and ace (p = 0.015) and gelE (p = 0.007) genes in clinical strains. In conclusion, our data indicate that E. faecalis strains isolated from clinical and food samples possess distinctive patterns of virulence factors, with a larger number of genes that encode virulence factors detected in clinical strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - R I Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde Departamento de Microbiologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - D V Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - P D Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - P A d'Azevedo
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - S Van der Sand
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - J Frazzon
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - A P G Frazzon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
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Furlaneto-Maia L, Rocha KR, Henrique FC, Giazzi A, Furlaneto MC. Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Enterococcus</i> sp Isolated from Soft Cheese in Southern Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.43023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Multiresistance of Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus equorum from Slovak Bryndza cheese. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 59:223-7. [PMID: 24142792 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus equorum, and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were isolated from Bryndza cheese and identified using PCR method. The antimicrobial susceptibility of these strains was assessed using disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method. The highest percentage of resistance was detected for ampicillin and oxacillin, and in contrary, isolates were susceptible or intermediate resistant to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Fourteen of the S. xylosus isolates (45%) and eleven of the S. equorum isolates (41%) exhibited multidrug resistance. None of the S. epidermidis isolate was multiresistant. The phenotypic resistance to oxacillin was verified by PCR amplification of the gene mecA.
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Culture-independent detection of microorganisms in traditional Slovakian bryndza cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 150:73-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Strompfová V, Lauková A. Enterococci from piglets — Probiotic properties and responsiveness to natural antibacterial substances. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010; 54:538-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Letkiewicz S, Miedzybrodzki R, Fortuna W, Weber-Dabrowska B, Górski A. Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis by phage therapy in chronic bacterial prostatitis--case report. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:457-61. [PMID: 19937220 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of three patients suffering from chronic bacterial prostatitis who were qualified for an experimental phage therapy protocol managed at the Phage Therapy Unit in Wrocław is described. They had previously been treated unsuccessfully with long-term targeted antibiotics, autovaccines, and laser biostimulation. Rectal application of phage lysates targeted against Enterococcus faecalis cultured from the prostatic fluid gave encouraging results regarding bacterial eradication, abatement of clinical symptoms of prostatitis, and lack of early disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Letkiewicz
- Urological and Andrological Clinic UROGEN, 42-600, Tarnowskie Góry, Poland.
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Assessment of environmental enterococci: bacterial antagonism, pathogenic capacity and antibiotic resistance. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2008; 94:555-62. [PMID: 18683076 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-008-9272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The properties of 166 environmental strains belonging to the seven enterococcal species were studied. Enterococci originated mainly from surface- and waste-waters. They were screened for the presence of enterocins, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. The presence of different enterocin genes (entA, entB, entP, ent31, entL50AB) was frequently observed in our enterococcal isolates, 109 strains contained at least one enterocin gene. The distribution of enterocin genes varied according to the species, the genes were present mainly in E. hirae and E. faecium. By enterocin spot assay, 10 isolates inhibited the growth of Listeria strains. To evaluate the pathogenic ability of isolates, the distribution of selected virulence genes (cylA, gelE and esp) was investigated, eleven strains were positive in some of these genes, five of them belonged to E. faecalis. Regarding the antibiotic resistance of isolates, only two strains were multiresistant and two strains (E. hirae and E. casseliflavus) were resistant to vancomycin.
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Sparo M, Nuñez G, Castro M, Calcagno M, García Allende M, Ceci M, Najle R, Manghi M. Characteristics of an environmental strain, Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121, and its effects as additive on craft dry-fermented sausages. Food Microbiol 2008; 25:607-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Lauková A, Svec P, Strompfová V, Stĕtina V, Sedlácek I. Properties of the strainsEnterococcus haemoperoxidus andE. moraviensis, new species among enterococci. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2007; 52:273-9. [PMID: 17702466 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic susceptibility or resistance, urease activity, detection of the structural genes for bacteriocin production, bacteriocin activity as well as sensitivity of the isolates to enterocins (Ent) A and M were determined in 23 isolates of new species Enterococcus haemoperoxidus and E. moraviensis. The majority of the strains were antibiotic sensitive and exhibited low urease activity (< 10 nkat/mL). The most frequently detected genes for Ent were entA and entP. However, only the strain 466 of E. haemoperoxidus produced an antibacterial substance with inhibitory activity against 21 G+ indicators. It was partially purified reaching an activity of up to 12 800 AU/mL. This bacteriocin active strain also possessed the genes for EntA and EntP. The other strains did not inhibit the indicator strains. The substance produced by the 466 strain was active even after a 5-months storage at +4 and -20 degrees C. This substance has proteolytic and hydrophilic character, pH optimum of bacteriocin production by this strain being between 4 and 7. While E. moraviensis strains showed sensitivity to EntA (produced by E. faecium EK13) and to EntM (produced by E. faecium AL41), E. haemoperoxidus strains were sensitive to EntA (except strain 382) but less sensitive to the treatment by EntM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lauková
- Institute ofAnimal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
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Belicová A, Krzková L, Krajcovic J, Jurkovic D, Sojka M, Ebringer L, Duinský R. Antimicrobial susceptibility ofEnterococcus species isolated from slovak bryndza cheese. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2007; 52:115-9. [PMID: 17575909 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Three hundred and ten enterococcal isolates (178 Enterococcus faecium, 68 E. durans, 49 E. faecalis, 8 E. italicus, 3 E. gallinarum, 3 E. casseliflavus, and 1 E. hirae) from Slovak Bryndza cheese were evaluated for susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents (vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, rifampicin, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin). All enterococcal isolates from Bryndza cheese were susceptible to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin as determined by the disk diffusion method. Vancomycin resistance genes vanA and vanB were not detected. Resistance rates of enterococcal isolates to rifampicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin were 24, 26, 2, and 1 %, respectively. Thirty-six % of E. faecium isolates and 22 % of the E. faecalis isolates were resistant to erythromycin. Resistance to rifampicin was similar in E. faecium (31 %) and E. faecalis (29 %). Both E. faecium and E. faecalis strains showed the same resistance to ciprofloxacin (2 %). E. durans isolates showed low levels of resistance to rifampicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin (1-4 %). Forty-eight (30 %) of the E. faecium isolates, two (3 %) of the E. durans isolates, and six (12 %) of the E. faecalis isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The highest frequency of resistant enterococci was observed in Bryndza produced in winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belicová
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Svec P, Vancanneyt M, Seman M, Snauwaert C, Lefebvre K, Sedlácek I, Swings J. Evaluation of (GTG)5-PCR for identification of Enterococcus spp. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 247:59-63. [PMID: 15927748 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of reference strains and a group of previously unidentified enterococci were analysed by rep-PCR with the (GTG)(5) primer to evaluate the discriminatory power and suitability of this method for typing and identification of enterococcal species. A total of 49 strains representing all validly described species were obtained from bacterial collections. For more extensive evaluation of this identification approach 112 well-defined and identified enterococci isolated from bryndza cheese were tested. The (GTG)(5)-PCR fingerprinting assigned all strains into well-differentiated clusters representing individual species. Subsequently, a group including 44 unidentified enterococci isolated from surface waters was analysed to evaluate this method for identification of unknown isolates. Obtained band patterns allowed us to identify all the strains clearly to the species level. This study proved that rep-PCR with (GTG)(5) primer is a reliable and fast method for species identification of enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Svec
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Malík R, Ivan J, Javorský P, Pristas P. Seasonal dynamics of antibiotic-resistantEnterobacteriaceae in the gastrointestinal tract of domestic sheep. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2005; 50:349-52. [PMID: 16408855 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Considerable variation in counts of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in the ovine gastrointestinal tract was observed. The occurrence of ruminal and fecal isolates resistant to ampicillin (Ap), kanamycin (Km) and tetracycline (Tc) culminated in summer months, followed by rapid decline in subsequent months. Using PCR the tem1bla (Apr), aphA1 (Kmr) and tetB (Tcr) genes were found to be predominant. Under in vitro conditions all resistance genes were transferable into laboratory Escherichia coli strain with relatively high frequency (10(-3) transconjugants per recipient).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Malík
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
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Franiczek R, Krzyzanowska B, Dolna I, Mokracka G, Szufnarowski K. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-conferring transferable resistance to different antimicrobial agents inEnterobacteriaceae isolated from bloodstream infections. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2005; 50:119-24. [PMID: 16110915 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Twenty (18.5%) out of 108 clinical isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae responsible for bloodstream infection were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive in two screening tests, the double disk synergy test and the Oxoid Combination Disk method. Eleven out of the 20 ESBL-positive isolates transferred oxyimino-beta-lactam resistance to E. coli K12 C600 recipient strain with a frequency of 10(-8) - 10(-1) per donor cell. PCR analysis revealed that the majority of the transconjugants (9 of 11) express CTX-M-type beta-lactamases. Donor strains and their transconjugants displayed susceptibility patterns typical of ESBL producers. They were resistant to oxyimino-beta-lactams but susceptible to clavulanic acid and carbapenems. Resistances to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and mercuric chloride were, in some cases, co-transferred with oxyimino-beta-lactam resistance, suggesting that various resistance determinants were carried by the same conjugative plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Franiczek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine in Wrocław, 50 368 Wrocław, Poland.
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