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Dinçer E, Küçükoğlu N, Kıvanç M, Şahin Y. Electrochemical DNA Sensor Designed Using the Pencil Graphite Electrode to Detect Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04732-2. [PMID: 37773581 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel electrochemical DNA sensor was designed to detect L. monocytogenes. Two different gene fragments were selected for the sensor design. One is a 702 bp long fragment of the hlyA gene, encoding the synthesis of listeriolysin O toxin, which is unique only to pathogenic strains of L. monocytogenes and is essential for pathogenicity. The other is a 209 bp long fragment of the 16 S RNA gene found in all species of the Listeria genus. As the working electrode, the pencil graphite electrode was modified in various ways (activated or covered with polypyrrole), and six different combinations were constituted using three types of the modified working electrode and two different gene fragments. The developed system is based on differential pulse voltammetric transduction of guanine oxidation after hybridization between the selected gene fragment (38 µg/mL) and the selected fragment-specific inosine-modified probe (1.8 µmol/L) immobilized on a pencil graphite electrode surface. The comparison of all combinations demonstrates that the best results are obtained with the combination formed from a polypyrrole-coated pencil graphite electrode (prepared at 2 scans) and 702 bp fragment of the hlyA gene. The analysis time is less than 1 hour, and the necessary DNA concentrations for the analysis have been determined as 8.2 × 10-11 M DNA and 2.7 × 10-10 M DNA respectively, for the hlyA gene and 16 S RNA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Dinçer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Nurçin Küçükoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Teknik University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Merih Kıvanç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Teknik University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yücel Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nemati S, Shalileh F, Mirjalali H, Omidfar K. Toward waterborne protozoa detection using sensing technologies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118164. [PMID: 36910193 PMCID: PMC9999019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and limited sufficient water resources will be the main challenges for humankind during the coming years. The lack of water resources for washing, bathing, and drinking increases the use of contaminated water and the risk of waterborne diseases. A considerable number of waterborne outbreaks are due to protozoan parasites that may remain active/alive in harsh environmental conditions. Therefore, a regular monitoring program of water resources using sensitive techniques is needed to decrease the risk of waterborne outbreaks. Wellorganized point-of-care (POC) systems with enough sensitivity and specificity is the holy grail of research for monitoring platforms. In this review, we comprehensively gathered and discussed rapid, selective, and easy-to-use biosensor and nanobiosensor technologies, developed for the early detection of common waterborne protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nemati
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shalileh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular–Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mehrannia L, Khalilzadeh B, Rahbarghazi R, Milani M, Saydan Kanberoglu G, Yousefi H, Erk N. Electrochemical Biosensors as a Novel Platform in the Identification of Listeriosis Infection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:216. [PMID: 36831982 PMCID: PMC9954029 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L.M.) is a gram-positive bacillus with wide distribution in the environment. This bacterium contaminates water sources and food products and can be transmitted to the human population. The infection caused by L.M. is called listeriosis and is common in pregnant women, immune-deficient patients, and older adults. Based on the released statistics, listeriosis has a high rate of hospitalization and mortality; thus, rapid and timely detection of food contamination and listeriosis cases is necessary. During the last few decades, biosensors have been used for the detection and monitoring of varied bacteria species. These devices are detection platforms with great sensitivity and low detection limits. Among different types of biosensors, electrochemical biosensors have a high capability to circumvent several drawbacks associated with the application of conventional laboratory techniques. In this review article, different electrochemical biosensor types used for the detection of listeriosis were discussed in terms of actuators, bioreceptors, specific working electrodes, and signal amplification. We hope that this review will facilitate researchers to access a complete and comprehensive template for pathogen detection based on the different formats of electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mehrannia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Yousefi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy 58167-53464, Iran
| | - Nevin Erk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
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Ali Farzin M, Abdoos H, Saber R. Graphite nanocrystals coated paper-based electrode for detection of SARS-Cov-2 gene using DNA-functionalized Au@carbon dot core–shell nanoparticles. Microchem J 2022; 179:107585. [PMID: 35578710 PMCID: PMC9093088 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Farzin
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, P.O. Box: 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hassan Abdoos
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, P.O. Box: 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Saber
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Adampourezare M, Saadati A, Hasanzadeh M, Dehghan G, Feizi MAH. Reliable recognition of DNA methylation using bioanalysis of hybridization on the surface of Ag/GQD nanocomposite stabilized on poly (β-cyclodextrin): A new platform for DNA damage studies using genosensor technology. J Mol Recognit 2021; 35:e2945. [PMID: 34904757 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the role of DNA methylation in causing cancer in the present study, an innovative and inexpensive method was designed for the sensitive detection of DNA methylation. The silver-graphene quantum dots (Ag/GQDs) nano ink with high electrical conductivity was used as a substrate for genosensor fabrication toward identification of DNA hybridization. Also, poly (β-cyclodextrin) (p[β-CD]) has been used as a biointerface for the stabilization of Ag/GQD nano ink. The thiolated pDNA strand (5'-SH-TCCGCTTCCCGACCCGCACTCCGC-3') (as bioreceptor element) was fixed on the substrate and hybridized with methylated (5'-GC(M)GGAGTGC(M)GGGTC(M)GGGAAGC(M)GGA-3') and unmethylated (5'-GCGGAGTGCGGGTCGGGAAGCGGA-3') cDNAs, as target sequences were studied using electroanalysis methods. Under optimal conditions and using electrochemical techniques, the linear range was 1 am to 1 pm with LLOQ of 1aM. Finally, the designed DNA genosensor was used for detection of DNA methylation in human plasma samples and can be used to detect methylation in patient samples. It is expected that the designed DNA-based biodevice will be used to early stage diagnosis of cancer using monitoring of DNA methylation. Also, this type of genosensor can be used for epigenetic studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Adampourezare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Saadati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Armstrong CM, Lee J, Gehring AG, Capobianco JA. Flow-Through Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of Listeria monocytogenes Using Oligonucleotides. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113754. [PMID: 34071528 PMCID: PMC8198859 DOI: 10.3390/s21113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of food contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes can result in Listeriosis, an illness with hospitalization rates of 94% and mortality rates up to 30%. As a result, U.S. regulatory agencies governing food safety retain zero-tolerance policies for L. monocytogenes. However, detection at such low concentrations often requires strategies such as increasing sample size or culture enrichment. A novel flow-through immunoelectrochemical biosensor has been developed for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection in 1 L volumes without enrichment. The current work further augments this biosensor’s capabilities to (1) include detection of L. monocytogenes and (2) accommodate genetic detection to help overcome limitations based upon antibody availability and address specificity errors in phenotypic assays. Herein, the conjugation scheme for oligo attachment and the conditions necessary for genetic detection are laid forth while results of the present study demonstrate the sensor’s ability to distinguish L. monocytogenes DNA from L. innocua with a limit of detection of ~2 × 104 cells/mL, which agrees with prior studies. Total time for this assay can be constrained to <2.5 h because a timely culture enrichment period is not necessary. Furthermore, the electrochemical detection assay can be performed with hand-held electronics, allowing this platform to be adopted for near-line monitoring systems.
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Alipour E, Norouzi S, Moradi S. The development of an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on quercetin as a new electroactive indicator for DNA hybridization detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:719-729. [PMID: 33491010 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical DNA biosensor was designed for the detection of a specific target DNA after hybridization with a complementary DNA probe immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode surface. Quercetin was successfully used as a new electroactive indicator for the hybridization detection. Different interactions of quercetin with single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) and double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) led to different electrochemical signals, which were recorded as cyclic and differential pulse voltammograms enabling hybridization detection. Various parameters influencing the biosensor performance were evaluated, and optimized conditions were obtained. Also, the detection limit of 83 pM with a relative standard deviation of 4.6% was obtained for the determination of complementary oligonucleotides. Then, the developed biosensor was applied successively for the detection of short sequences of hepatitis C virus (HCV1). The hybridization between the probe (PHCV1) and its complementary sequence (HCV1a) as the target was studied. Some hybridization experiments with noncomplementary oligonucleotides also showed that the suggested DNA sensor responds selectively to the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Alipour
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mobed A, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N, Hassanpour S, Saadati A, Agazadeh M. Immobilization of ssDNA on the surface of silver nanoparticles-graphene quantum dots modified by gold nanoparticles towards biosensing of microorganism. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vizzini P, Braidot M, Vidic J, Manzano M. Electrochemical and Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Campylobacter and Listeria: An Update Look. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E500. [PMID: 31357655 PMCID: PMC6722628 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne safety has aroused tremendous research interest in recent years because of a global public health problem. The rapid and precise detection of foodborne pathogens can reduce significantly infection diseases and save lives by the early initiation of an effective treatment. This review highlights current advances in the development of biosensors for detection of Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes that are the most common causes of zoonosis. The consumption of pathogen contaminated food is responsible for humans hospitalization and death. The attention focused on the recognition elements such as antibodies (Ab), DNA probes and aptamers able to recognize cells, amplicons, and specific genes from different samples like bacteria, food, environment and clinical samples. Moreover, the review focused on two main signal-transducing mechanisms, i.e., electrochemical, measuring an amperometric, potentiometric and impedimetric signal; and optical, measuring a light signal by OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance), and Optical fiber. We expect that high-performance of devices being developed through basic research will find extensive applications in environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vizzini
- Department of Agriculture Food Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Braidot
- Department of Agriculture Food Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marisa Manzano
- Department of Agriculture Food Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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An innovative nucleic acid based biosensor toward detection of Legionella pneumophila using DNA immobilization and hybridization: A novel genosensor. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Soni DK, Ahmad R, Dubey SK. Biosensor for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes: emerging trends. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:590-608. [PMID: 29790396 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1473331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The early detection of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and understanding the disease burden is of paramount interest. The failure to detect pathogenic bacteria in the food industry may have terrible consequences, and poses deleterious effects on human health. Therefore, integration of methods to detect and trace the route of pathogens along the entire food supply network might facilitate elucidation of the main contamination sources. Recent research interest has been oriented towards the development of rapid and affordable pathogen detection tools/techniques. An innovative and new approach like biosensors has been quite promising in revealing the foodborne pathogens. In spite of the existing knowledge, advanced research is still needed to substantiate the expeditious nature and sensitivity of biosensors for rapid and in situ analysis of foodborne pathogens. This review summarizes recent developments in optical, piezoelectric, cell-based, and electrochemical biosensors for Listeria sp. detection in clinical diagnostics, food analysis, and environmental monitoring, and also lists their drawbacks and advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- a Department of Botany, Institute of Science , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- b Sensors Lab, Electrical Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- a Department of Botany, Institute of Science , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
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Benvidi A, Tezerjani MD, Firouzabadi AD, Mazloum-Ardakani M, Moshtaghioun SM. Application of graphene oxide nanosheets as probe oligonucleotide immobilization platform for DNA sensing. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Soni DK, Mishra SK, Prakash R, Dubey SK. Label-free impedimetric detection of Listeria monocytogenes based on poly-5-carboxy indole modified ssDNA probe. J Biotechnol 2015; 200:70-6. [PMID: 25746904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a life threatening pathogenic bacteria concerned with human health. The accurate and rapid detection of L. monocytogenes is required for preventing of listeriosis. In this study, DNA sensing probe based on conducting polymer poly-5-carboxy indole (5C Pin) was developed for the detection of L. monocytogenes hlyA gene responsible for pathogenicity. The probe sequences (24 mer ssDNA) were covalently immobilized on 5C Pin via N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The probe having ssDNA was further hybridized with the target DNA sequence. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study was carried out to determine the extent of DNA hybridization over the probe. Significant change was observed in the impedance spectra before and after hybridization of ssDNA immobilized over the probe with the target DNA. RCT (charge transfer resistance) was estimated from the Nyquist plot (impedance plot) for target DNA (hlyA gene) in the solution. RCT vs. logarithmic concentrations of the target (genomic) DNA plot showed a linear range (1 × 10(-4) to 1 × 10(-12)M) in case hybridization was performed under optimized conditions. The method proposed, is simple, free from any label, and highly sensitive for the detection of L. monocytogenes in environmental and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Central Instrument Facility Centre, Dr. H.S.G. Central University, Sagar 470003, India
| | - Rajiv Prakash
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Nurmalasari R, Yohan, Gaffar S, Hartati YW. Label-Free Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using Gold Electrode Modified by Self-Assembled Monolayer of Thiol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hamidi-Asl E, Raoof JB, Ojani R, Golabi SM, Hejazi MS. A new peptide nucleotide acid biosensor for electrochemical detection of single nucleotide polymorphism in duplex DNA via triplex structure formation. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-013-0254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Voltammetric detection of uridin diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) gene corresponding oligonucleotide covering promoter region from −268 to −280 including (A/T) polymorphism at position −275 and optimization of the detection factors. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ahangar LE, Mehrgardi MA. Nanoporous gold electrode as a platform for the construction of an electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 38:252-7. [PMID: 22727625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The application of a nanoporous gold electrode (NPGE) in the fabrication of an electrochemical sensing system for the detection of single base mismatches (SBMs) using ferrocene-modified DNA probe has been investigated in the present manuscript. Ferrocene carboxylic acid is covalently attached to the amino-modified probe using EDC/NHS chemistry. By covalent attachment of the redox reporter molecules on the top of DNA, the direct oxidation of the ferrocene on the electrode surface is avoided. On the other hand, the electrochemical signals are amplified by anodizing the electrode surface and converting it to nanoporous form. By improving the sensitivity of the biosensor, the different SBMs including the thermodynamically stable G-A and G-T mismatches, can be easily distinguished. In this research, NPGE was prepared by anodization and chemical reduction of Au surface and used for signal amplification. Nanoporous electrode enhances the sensitivity of DNA biosensor and makes it capable to detect complementary target DNA in sub-nanomole scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Enayati Ahangar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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Yang W, Lai RY. Integration of two different sensing modes in an electrochemical DNA sensor for approximation of target mismatch location. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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