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Phang RJ, Ritchie RH, Hausenloy DJ, Lees JG, Lim SY. Cellular interplay between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:668-690. [PMID: 35388880 PMCID: PMC10153440 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently exhibit a distinctive cardiac phenotype known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac complications associated with T2DM include cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in the early stages of the disease, which can progress to systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Effective therapeutic options for diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited and often have conflicting results. The lack of effective treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy is due in part, to our poor understanding of the disease development and progression, as well as a lack of robust and valid preclinical human models that can accurately recapitulate the pathophysiology of the human heart. In addition to cardiomyocytes, the heart contains a heterogeneous population of non-myocytes including fibroblasts, vascular cells, autonomic neurons and immune cells. These cardiac non-myocytes play important roles in cardiac homeostasis and disease, yet the effect of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia on these cell types are often overlooked in preclinical models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells provides a new paradigm in which to model diabetic cardiomyopathy as they can be differentiated into all cell types in the human heart. This review will discuss the roles of cardiac non-myocytes and their dynamic intercellular interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We will also discuss the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy and their known impacts on non-myocytes. These developments will no doubt facilitate the discovery of novel treatment targets for preventing the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Phang
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Sun T, Wang D, Wang B, Liu X, Li N, Shi K. Melatonin attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice: Involvement of PPARα and fatty acid oxidation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112970. [PMID: 35367536 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on the protective effects of melatonin against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice and its possible mechanism of action in relation to the major regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), peroxidase proliferative receptor α (PPARα). The experiment consisted of the following four groups: vehicle control, cisplatin (15 mg/kg), cisplatin & melatonin (20 mg/kg/day), and melatonin (20 mg/kg/day). Concomitant administration of melatonin significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice by decreasing serum levels of triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, reducing the number and size of lipid droplets in tubular epithelial cells, and decreasing the incidence of histopathological changes including tubular cell apoptosis. Moreover, melatonin administration protected kidney tissue by significantly upregulating the levels of PPARα reduced by cisplatin injection, resulting in increased FAO pathway-associated genes (PGC-1a, Acadm, Acat1, Acsm2, Acsm3, Bdh2, Echs and Pecr) as well as reducing protein levels of caspase-3, -9 and Bax. Melatonin not only partially modulated FAO via PPARα signaling, but also decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the caspase-3, -9 and Bax pathways. Our findings suggest that melatonin prevents cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice, possibly by upregulating the expression of PPARα, resulting in enhanced FAO and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, China
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, 451191, China.
| | - Ke Shi
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
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3
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Wenzl FA, Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Kraler S, Lüscher TF, Costantino S, Paneni F. Inflammation in Metabolic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:742178. [PMID: 34671656 PMCID: PMC8520939 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.742178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlapping pandemics of lifestyle-related diseases pose a substantial threat to cardiovascular health. Apart from coronary artery disease, metabolic disturbances linked to obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes directly compromise myocardial structure and function through independent and shared mechanisms heavily involving inflammatory signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic dysregulation causes systemic inflammation, which in turn aggravates cardiovascular disease. Indeed, elevated systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and metabolic substrates induce an inflammatory state in different cardiac cells and lead to subcellular alterations thereby promoting maladaptive myocardial remodeling. At the cellular level, inflammation-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, and lipotoxicity contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, extracellular matrix accumulation and microvascular disease. In cardiometabolic patients, myocardial inflammation is maintained by innate immune cell activation mediated by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and downstream activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB-dependent pathways. Chronic low-grade inflammation progressively alters metabolic processes in the heart, leading to a metabolic cardiomyopathy (MC) phenotype and eventually to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In accordance with preclinical data, observational studies consistently showed increased inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic features in patients with HFpEF. Future treatment approaches of MC may target inflammatory mediators as they are closely intertwined with cardiac nutrient metabolism. Here, we review current evidence on inflammatory processes involved in the development of MC and provide an overview of nutrient and cytokine-driven pro-inflammatory effects stratified by cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Wenzl
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Cao Y, Dong Z, Yang D, Ma X, Wang X. Alleviation of glucolipotoxicity-incurred cardiomyocyte dysfunction by Z-ligustilide involves in the suppression of oxidative insult, inflammation and fibrosis. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 241:105138. [PMID: 34547276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus ranks as a major risk cause for disability and death around the world due to its complications, especially diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Glucolipotoxicity is one of the critical causal factors of DCM. Recent finding confirms the beneficial roles of Z-ligustilide in diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, its efficacy in DCM remains elusive. Here, Z-ligustilide elevated high glucose/high palmitic acid (HG/P)-inhibited cell viability and attenuated HG/P-induced cell apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression. Furthermore, Z-ligustilide alleviated HG/P-evoked oxidative damage by decreasing HG/P-induced elevation in ROS, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) leakage, but increasing antioxidant enzyme-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels suppressed by HG/P. Concomitantly, Z-ligustilide attenuated HG/P-induced cardiomyocyte fibrosis by increasing MMP-14 expression and diminishing HG/P-enhanced fibrotic protein expression, including collagen I, collagen II and TGF-β. Mechanistically, Z-ligustilide offset the adverse effects of HG/P on the activation of the AMPK/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway. Importantly, blocking the AMPK signaling overturned the protective efficacy of Z-ligustilide against HG/P-induced cardiomyocyte oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis. Together, these findings highlight that Z-ligustilide may alleviate glucolipotoxicity-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction by regulating cell oxidative injury, inflammation and fibrosis via the AMPK/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway. Consequently, Z-ligustilide may represent a promising therapeutic agent against DCM by restoring cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Cao
- Department of cardiac surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, PR China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhu Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dongpeng Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ximiao Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China; Department of cardiothoracic surgery, Haikou people's hospital, Haikou 570208, Hainan, PR China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong, PR China.
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Pemafibrate suppresses oxidative stress and apoptosis under cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion injury in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:331. [PMID: 33732304 PMCID: PMC7903427 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus accelerates the hyperglycemia susceptibility-induced injury to cardiac cells. The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) decreases ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in animals without diabetes. Therefore, the present study hypothesized that pemafibrate may exert a protective effect on the myocardium in vivo and in vitro. A type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rat model and H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose under hypoxia and reoxygenation treatments were used in the present study. The rat model and the cells were subsequently treated with pemafibrate. In the T1DM rat model, pemafibrate enhanced the expression of PPARα in the diabetic-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (D-IRI) group compared with the D-IRI group. The infarct size in the D-IRI group was reduced following pemafibrate treatment relative to the untreated group. The disruption of the mitochondrial structure and myofibrils in the D-IRI group was partially recovered by pemafibrate. In addition, to evaluate the mechanism of action of pemafibrate in the treatment of diabetic myocardial IR injury, an in vitro model was established. PPARα protein expression levels were reduced in the high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) groups compared with that in the control or high glucose-treated groups. Pemafibrate treatment significantly enhanced the ATP and superoxide dismutase levels, and reduced the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels compared with the high glucose combined with H/R group. Furthermore, pemafibrate inhibited the expression of cytochrome c and cleaved-caspase-3, indicating its involvement in the regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis. Pemafibrate also reduced the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), the activation of which reversed the protective effects of pemafibrate on diabetic myocardial IR injury in vitro. Taken together, these results suggested that pemafibrate may activate PPARα to protect the T1DM rat myocardium against IR injury through inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
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PPARα exacerbates necroptosis, leading to increased mortality in postinfluenza bacterial superinfection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15789-15798. [PMID: 32581129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006343117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with influenza are at high risk of secondary bacterial infection, which is a major proximate cause of morbidity and mortality. We have shown that in mice, prior infection with influenza results in increased inflammation and mortality upon Staphylococcus aureus infection, recapitulating the human disease. Lipidomic profiling of the lungs of superinfected mice revealed an increase in CYP450 metabolites during lethal superinfection. These lipids are endogenous ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARα, and we demonstrate that Ppara -/- mice are less susceptible to superinfection than wild-type mice. PPARα is an inhibitor of NFκB activation, and transcriptional profiling of cells isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed that influenza infection inhibits NFκB, thereby dampening proinflammatory and prosurvival signals. Furthermore, network analysis indicated an increase in necrotic cell death in the lungs of superinfected mice compared to mice infected with S. aureus alone. Consistent with this, we observed reduced NFκB-mediated inflammation and cell survival signaling in cells isolated from the lungs of superinfected mice. The kinase RIPK3 is required to induce necrotic cell death and is strongly induced in cells isolated from the lungs of superinfected mice compared to mice infected with S. aureus alone. Genetic and pharmacological perturbations demonstrated that PPARα mediates RIPK3-dependent necroptosis and that this pathway plays a central role in mortality following superinfection. Thus, we have identified a molecular circuit in which infection with influenza induces CYP450 metabolites that activate PPARα, leading to increased necrotic cell death in the lung which correlates with the excess mortality observed in superinfection.
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Ying Y, Jiang C, Zhang M, Jin J, Ge S, Wang X. Phloretin protects against cardiac damage and remodeling via restoring SIRT1 and anti-inflammatory effects in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2822-2835. [PMID: 31076562 PMCID: PMC6535073 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy increases the risk of heart failure independent of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Phloretin (PHL) shows anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. In this study, we explored the protective effects of PHL on high glucose (HG)-induced injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy in vivo and in vitro. Using streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model and incubating cardiac cells line under a HG environment, PHL were evaluated of the activities of anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis. In the study, PHL treatment ameliorated cardiomyocyte inflammation injury, and reduced fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. PHL also improved cardiac biochemical criterions after 8 weeks of induction of diabetes in C57BL/6 mice. Molecular docking results indicated that silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) bound to PHL directly and that SIRT1 expression was upregulated in the PHL-treated group in HG-induced H9C2 cells. Protective effect of PHL was been eliminated in silence SIRT1 H9C2 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that PHL suppressed HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury via restoring SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzho, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzho, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzho, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Jiye Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzho, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Shuyu Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzho, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzho, Zhejiang 310012, China
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8
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Lei X, Wu Q, Leng W, Wu M, Chen L, Liang Z. Exenatide reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis by stimulating adiponectin secretion and activating APPL1-AMPK-PPARα axis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:326. [PMID: 31475196 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.06.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background To explore the mechanism that exenatide reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the adiponectin pathway in vitro. Methods Cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into the control group (group C), diabetic group (group D), diabetic + exenatide treatment group (group DE), diabetic + exenatide treatment + APPL1 overexpression group (group OE), and diabetic + exenatide treatment + APPL1 knock-down group (group KD). After 48 h culture, the apoptosis rate, the adiponectin level in the cell culture fluid, and the expression levels of APPL1, p-AMPK, PPARα and NF-κB were detected by TUNEL, ELISA, and Western blotting, respectively. Results Compared to group C, the apoptosis rate was markedly increased, the adiponectin level was decreased, the expression of APPL1, p-AMPK and PPARα was down-regulated and that of NF-κB was up-regulated in group D (P<0.05); in group DE, the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased, the expression of APPL1, p-AMPK and PPARα was up-regulated and that of NF-κB was down-regulated, as compared with group D (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate in group OE was lower than that in group DE, the expression of APPL1, p-AMPK and PPARα was up-regulated and that of NF-κB was down-regulated (P<0.05). In group KD, the adiponectin level was elevated and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate was increased, as compared to group D (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of APPL1, p-AMPK and PPARα was down-regulated and that of NF-κB was up-regulated compared with group DE (P<0.05). Conclusions Exenatide can activate the "APPL1-AMPK-PPARα" anti-apoptosis signaling axis by promoting adiponectin expression in cardiomyocytes and reducing the apoptosis of diabetic cardiomyocytes, thus protecting cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Department of Endocrine Nephropathy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiling Leng
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Minxia Wu
- Health Management Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ziwen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Sun XQ, Abbate A, Bogaard HJ. Role of cardiac inflammation in right ventricular failure. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1441-1452. [PMID: 28957536 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular failure (RVF) is the main determinant of mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although the exact pathophysiology underlying RVF remains unclear, inflammation may play an important role, as it does in left heart failure. Perivascular pulmonary artery and systemic inflammation is relatively well studied and known to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of the pulmonary vascular insult in PAH. However, less attention has been paid to the role of cardiac inflammation in RVF and PAH. Consistent with many other types of heart failure, cardiac inflammation, triggered by systemic and local stressors, has been shown in RVF patients as well as in RVF animal models. RV inflammation likely contributes to impaired RV contractility, maladaptive remodelling and a vicious circle between RV and pulmonary vascular injury. Although the potential to improve RV function through anti-inflammatory therapy has not been tested, this approach has been applied clinically in left ventricular failure patients, with variable success. Because inflammation plays a dual role in the development of both pulmonary vascular pathology and RVF, anti-inflammatory therapies may have a potential double benefit in patients with PAH and associated RVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chen X, Qian J, Wang L, Li J, Zhao Y, Han J, Khan Z, Chen X, Wang J, Liang G. Kaempferol attenuates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac injuries by inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Endocrine 2018; 60:83-94. [PMID: 29392616 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress is an attractive strategy to against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Kaempferol (KPF) exerts both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological properties. However, little is known about the effect of KPF on protecting myocardial injury in diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of KPF on DCM and underlying mechanism. METHODS Anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress activities of KPF were evaluated in H9c2 cells or primary cardiomyocytes by real-time quantitate PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and FACS. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus mice were constructed. Corresponding to experiments in vitro, the therapeutic effect of KPF was also assessed using heart tissues from mice. RESULTS KPF significantly inhibited high glocose (HG) induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and generation of ROS, leading to reduced fibrotic responses and cell apoptosis in vitro. KPF mediated DCM protective effects through inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nucleus translocation and activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor-2 (Nrf-2). In STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model, KPF prevented diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis. These changes were also accompanied by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic mice hearts. CONCLUSION KPF is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of DCM, mechanically linked to inhibition of NF-κB and Nrf-2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jieli Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jibo Han
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zia Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Mazidi M, Karimi E, Rezaie P, Ferns GA. Treatment with GLP1 receptor agonists reduce serum CRP concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1237-1242. [PMID: 28479155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RAs) therapy on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. METHOD PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched for the period up until March 16, 2016. Prospective studies evaluating the impact of GLP-1 RAs on serum CRP were identified. A random effects model (using the DerSimonian-Laird method) and generic inverse variance methods were used for quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. Heterogeneity was quantitatively assessed using the I2 index. Random effects meta-regression was performed using unrestricted maximum likelihood method to evaluate the impact of potential moderator. International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42016036868. RESULTS Meta-analysis of the data from 7 treatment arms revealed a significant reduction in serum CRP concentrations following treatment with GLP-1 RAs (WMD -2.14 (mg/dL), 95% CI -3.51, -0.78, P=0.002; I2 96.1%). Removal of one study in the meta-analysis did not change the result in the sensitivity analysis (WMD -2.14 (mg/dL), 95% CI -3.51, -0.78, P=0.002; I2 96.1%), indicating that our results could not be solely attributed to the effect of a single study. Random effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate the impact of potential moderator on the estimated effect size. Changes in serum CRP concentration were associated with the duration of treatment (slope -0.097, 95% CI -0.158, -0.042, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that GLP-1 RAs therapy causes a significant reduction in CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peyman Rezaie
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Rm 342, Mayfield House, University of Brighton, Brighton BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Excessive feeding is associated with an increase in the incidence of chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic disturbance induces chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolically-important organs, such as the liver and adipose tissue. Many of the inflammatory signalling pathways are directly triggered by nutrients. The pro-inflammatory mediators in adipocytes and macrophages infiltrating adipose tissue promote both local and systemic pro-inflammatory status. Metabolic cardiomyopathy is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by structural and functional alterations and interstitial fibrosis without coronary artery disease or hypertension. In the early stage of metabolic cardiomyopathy, metabolic disturbance is not accompanied by substantial changes in myocardial structure and cardiac function. However, metabolic disturbance induces subcellular low-grade inflammation in the heart, and in turn, subcellular component abnormalities, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired calcium handling, leading to impaired myocardial relaxation. In the advanced stage, the vicious cycle of subcellular component abnormalities, inflammatory cell infiltration, and neurohumoral activation induces cardiomyocyte injury and death, and cardiac fibrosis, resulting in impairment of both diastolic and systolic functions. This review discusses some recent advances in understanding involvement of inflammation in metabolic cardiomyopathy.
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Mishra PK, Ying W, Nandi SS, Bandyopadhyay GK, Patel KK, Mahata SK. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Immunometabolic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28439258 PMCID: PMC5384479 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart possesses a remarkable inherent capability to adapt itself to a wide array of genetic and extrinsic factors to maintain contractile function. Failure to sustain its compensatory responses results in cardiac dysfunction, leading to cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced diastolic function, with or without concurrent systolic dysfunction in the absence of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Changes in substrate metabolism, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, formation of extracellular matrix proteins, and advanced glycation end products constitute the early stage in DCM. These early events are followed by steatosis (accumulation of lipid droplets) in cardiomyocytes, which is followed by apoptosis, changes in immune responses with a consequent increase in fibrosis, remodeling of cardiomyocytes, and the resultant decrease in cardiac function. The heart is an omnivore, metabolically flexible, and consumes the highest amount of ATP in the body. Altered myocardial substrate and energy metabolism initiate the development of DCM. Diabetic hearts shift away from the utilization of glucose, rely almost completely on fatty acids (FAs) as the energy source, and become metabolically inflexible. Oxidation of FAs is metabolically inefficient as it consumes more energy. In addition to metabolic inflexibility and energy inefficiency, the diabetic heart suffers from impaired calcium handling with consequent alteration of relaxation-contraction dynamics leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling as Ca2+ is transported into the SR by the SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2a) during cardiac relaxation. Diabetic cardiomyocytes display decreased SERCA2a activity and leaky Ca2+ release channel resulting in reduced SR calcium load. The diabetic heart also suffers from marked downregulation of novel cardioprotective microRNAs (miRNAs) discovered recently. Since immune responses and substrate energy metabolism are critically altered in diabetes, the present review will focus on immunometabolism and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K. Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- *Correspondence: Paras K. Mishra, ; Sushil K. Mahata,
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaushik K. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Paras K. Mishra, ; Sushil K. Mahata,
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QiNan W, XiaGuang G, XiaoTian L, WuQuan D, Ling Z, Bing C. Par-4/NF-κB Mediates the Apoptosis of Islet β Cells Induced by Glucolipotoxicity. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4692478. [PMID: 27340675 PMCID: PMC4906207 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4692478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of islet β cells is a primary pathogenic feature of type 2 diabetes, and ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in this process. Previous research has shown that prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4)/NF-κB induces cancer cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which Par-4/NF-κB induces islet β cell apoptosis remains unknown. We used a high glucose/palmitate intervention to mimic type 2 diabetes in vitro. We demonstrated that the high glucose/palmitate intervention induced the expression and secretion of Par-4. It also causes increased expression and activation of NF-κB, which induced NIT-1 cell apoptosis and dysfunction. Overexpression of Par-4 potentiates these effects, whereas downregulation of Par-4 attenuates them. Inhibition of NF-κB inhibited the Par-4-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, these effects occurred through the ER stress cell membrane and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Our findings reveal a novel role for Par-4/NF-κB in islet β cell apoptosis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu QiNan
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
| | - Gan XiaGuang
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
| | - Lei XiaoTian
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
| | - Deng WuQuan
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
| | - Zhang Ling
- Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
- *Zhang Ling: and
| | - Chen Bing
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
- *Chen Bing:
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XiaoTian L, QiNan W, XiaGuang G, WuQuan D, Bing C, ZiWen L. Exenatide Activates the APPL1-AMPK-PPARα Axis to Prevent Diabetic Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2016:4219735. [PMID: 26759813 PMCID: PMC4677202 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4219735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of the exenatide on diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Rats were divided into control group, diabetes group (D), diabetes treated with insulin (DI) group, and diabetes treat with exenatide (DE) group. We detected apoptosis rate by TUNEL, the adiponectin and high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin) by ELISA, and the expression of APPL1, p-AMPK/T-AMPK, PPARα, and NF-κB by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the D group, the apoptosis in the Control and DE groups was decreased (P < 0.05); the adiponectin and HMW-adiponectin were increased (P < 0.05); the APPL1, p-AMPK/T-AMPK, PPARα, and LV -dP/dt were increased (P < 0.05); and the NF-κB, GRP78, and LVEDP were decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with DE group, the glucose levels in the DI group were similar (P < 0.05); the apoptosis and LVEDP were increased; the APPL1, p-AMPK/T-AMPK, PPARα, and LV -dP/dt were decreased (P < 0.05); the NF-κB and GRP78 were increased (P < 0.05); the adiponectin and HMW-adiponectin were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our model of diabetic cardiomyopathy was constructed successfully. After being treated with exenatide, the adiponectin and HMW-adiponectin and the APPL1-AMPK-PPARα axis were increased, the NF-κB and the apoptosis were decreased, the cardiac function of the diabetic rats was improved, and these effects were independent of glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei XiaoTian
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wu QiNan
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Gan XiaGuang
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Deng WuQuan
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chen Bing
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liang ZiWen
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Wang WR, Liu EQ, Zhang JY, Li YX, Yang XF, He YH, Zhang W, Jing T, Lin R. Activation of PPAR alpha by fenofibrate inhibits apoptosis in vascular adventitial fibroblasts partly through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of FoxO1. Exp Cell Res 2015; 338:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ravingerová T, Carnická S, Ledvényiová V, Barlaka E, Galatou E, Chytilová A, Mandíková P, Nemčeková M, Adameová A, Kolář F, Lazou A. Upregulation of genes involved in cardiac metabolism enhances myocardial resistance to ischemia/reperfusion in the rat heart. Physiol Res 2014; 62:S151-63. [PMID: 24329695 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acids (FA) and glucose oxidation are transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Under conditions associated with O(2) deficiency, PPAR-alpha modulates substrate switch (between FA and glucose) aimed at the adequate energy production to maintain basic cardiac function. Both, positive and negative effects of PPAR-alpha activation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have been reported. Moreover, the role of PPAR-mediated metabolic shifts in cardioprotective mechanisms of preconditioning (PC) is relatively less investigated. We explored the effects of PPAR-alpha upregulation mimicking a delayed "second window" of PC on I/R injury in the rat heart and potential downstream mechanisms involved. Pretreatment of rats with PPAR-alpha agonist WY-14643 (WY, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) 24 h prior to I/R reduced post-ischemic stunning, arrhythmias and the extent of lethal injury (infarct size) and apoptosis (caspase-3 expression) in isolated hearts exposed to 30-min global ischemia and 2-h reperfusion. Protection was associated with remarkably increased expression of PPAR-alpha target genes promoting FA utilization (medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I) and reduced expression of glucose transporter GLUT-4 responsible for glucose transport and metabolism. In addition, enhanced Akt phosphorylation and protein levels of eNOS, in conjunction with blunting of cardioprotection by NOS inhibitor L-NAME, were observed in the WY-treated hearts. CONCLUSIONS upregulation of PPAR-alpha target metabolic genes involved in FA oxidation may underlie a delayed phase PC-like protection in the rat heart. Potential non-genomic effects of PPAR-alpha-mediated cardioprotection may involve activation of prosurvival PI3K/Akt pathway and its downstream targets such as eNOS and subsequently reduced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Liang Z, Wu Q, Chen B, Yu P, Zhao H, Ouyang X. Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 101:50-6. [PMID: 23706413 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery compared with usual care with and without Exenatide therapy in obese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. METHODS 108 obese T2DM with hypertension were enrolled and randomly allocated to usual care (group A), usual care plus Exenatide (group B), and RYGB surgery (group C). Demographic characteristics, metabolic parameters and cardiac structure/function along with inflammatory cytokines were measured and compared before and after 12 months. RESULTS At 12 months, diabetes remission had occurred in no patients in groups A and B versus 90% in group C, and there was a significant decrease in requirement of antihypertensive drugs in group C compared with groups A and B (P<0.05). Other parameters (body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, lipids), inflammation index (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, high molecular weight adiponectin) and cardiac structure (left ventricular mass index) were significantly improved in groups B and C, but patients in group C had the greatest degree of improvement (P<0.05). CONCLUSION RYGB surgery improves a number of parameters including cardiovascular function in obese hypertensive people with T2DM. This is likely to be due to, at least in part, an improvement in the abnormal metabolic panel and to reduced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Qinan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peiwu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongliang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Nizamutdinova IT, Guleria RS, Singh AB, Kendall JA, Baker KM, Pan J. Retinoic acid protects cardiomyocytes from high glucose-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:380-92. [PMID: 22718360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that retinoic acid (RA) has protective effects on high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RA effects, we determined the interaction between nuclear factor (NF)-κB and RA signaling. HG induced a sustained phosphorylation of IKK/IκBα and transcriptional activation of NF-κB in cardiomyocytes. Activated NF-κB signaling has an important role in HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). All-trans RA (ATRA) and LGD1069, through activation of RAR/RXR-mediated signaling, inhibited the HG-mediated effects in cardiomyocytes. The inhibitory effect of RA on NF-κB activation was mediated through inhibition of IKK/IκBα phosphorylation. ATRA and LGD1069 treatment promoted protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, which was significantly suppressed by HG stimulation. The RA effects on IKK and IκBα were blocked by okadaic acid or silencing the expression of PP2Ac-subunit, indicating that the inhibitory effect of RA on NF-κB is regulated through activation of PP2A and subsequent dephosphorylation of IKK/IκBα. Moreover, ATRA and LGD1069 reversed the decreased PP2A activity and inhibited the activation of IKK/IκBα and gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hearts of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. In summary, our findings suggest that the suppressed activation of PP2A contributed to sustained activation of NF-κB in HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes; and that the protective effect of RA on hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses is partially regulated through activation of PP2A and suppression of NF-κB-mediated signaling and downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina T Nizamutdinova
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Protect against Apoptosis via 14-3-3. PPAR Res 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20862376 PMCID: PMC2938460 DOI: 10.1155/2010/417646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were reported to prevent cells from stress-induced apoptosis and protect tissues against ischemia-reperfusion injury. The underlying transcriptional mechanism is unclear. Recent reports indicate that the antiapoptotic actions of ligand-activated PPARδ and PPARγ are mediated through enhanced binding of PPAR to the promoter of 14-3-3ε and upregulation of 14-3-3ε expression. We propose that ligand-activated PPARα exerts its anti-apoptotic actions via the identical pathway. The PPAR to 14-3-3 transcriptional axis plays an important role in protection of cell and tissue integrity and is a target for drug discovery.
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