Reorganization of peptidergic systems during brain regeneration in Eisenia fetida (Oligo-chaeta, Annelida)

Mass Start or Time Trial? Structure of the Nervous System and Neuroregeneration in Pygospio elegans (Spionidae, Annelida)

The spionid worm Pygospio elegans is a convenient model for regeneration studies due to its accessibility, high tolerance, and ease of maintenance in laboratory culture. This article presents the findings regarding neuroregeneration and the structure of the nervous system based on antibody labeling of serotonin and FMRFamide. We propose the main stages of central nervous system neurogenesis during regeneration: single nerve fibers, a loop structure, and neurons in the brain and segmental ganglia. Nerve fibers and receptor cells of the peripheral nerve system can be traced to different stages of regeneration. We also provide a comparison of our results with previous data on the structure and regeneration of the nervous system based on antibody labeling of catecholamines, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and histamine and with the results for other annelids.

Immunoreactivity to molluskan neuropeptides in the central and stomatogastric nervous systems of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L

Polyclonal antisera against two related command neuropeptides (CNP2 and CNP4) described in neurons of the terrestrial snail Helix were used in a study of the nervous system of the earthworm Lumbricus. The CNP-like peptides belong to the same neuropeptide subfamily and bear a C-terminal signature sequence Tyr-Pro-Arg-X. The distribution patterns of immunoreactive (IR) neurons were studied in the central nervous system (CNS), skin, and stomatogastric nervous system of the earthworm. IR neurons were found in all CNS ganglia, the patterns being similar for both antibodies used. Several clusters of IR cells were observed in the cerebral and subesophageal ganglia. In the ventral cord ganglia, the number of IR cells decreased in the rostro-caudal direction, and the IR cells sent their fibers mostly into the median fiber bundle. Segmental nerves contained no IR fibers. After injury of the worm body, the number of IR neurons in the CNS significantly increased. In the skin, IR sensory neurons were present in sensory buds. The stomatogastric ganglia only contained IR fibers. Numerous scattered IR neurons were found in the inner subepithelial layer of the esophagus and formed the enteric plexus in which the cell bodies displayed a segmentally repeated pattern. Possible involvement of CNP-like-IR neurons in central integratory processes, sensory processes, and the regulation of feeding is discussed.