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Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Sanetra AM, Pradel K, Izowit G, Chrobok L, Palus-Chramiec K, Piggins HD, Lewandowski MH. Metabolic cues impact non-oscillatory intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus: standard versus high-fat diet comparative study. J Physiol 2023; 601:979-1016. [PMID: 36661095 DOI: 10.1113/jp283757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (IGL/VLG) are subcortical structures involved in entrainment of the brain's circadian system to photic and non-photic (e.g. metabolic and arousal) cues. Both receive information about environmental light from photoreceptors, exhibit infra-slow oscillations (ISO) in vivo, and connect to the master circadian clock. Although current evidence demonstrates that the IGL/VLG communicate metabolic information and are crucial for entrainment of circadian rhythms to time-restricted feeding, their sensitivity to food intake-related peptides has not been investigated yet. We examined the effect of metabolically relevant peptides on the spontaneous activity of IGL/VLG neurons. Using ex vivo and in vivo electrophysiological recordings as well as in situ hybridisation, we tested potential sensitivity of the IGL/VLG to anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides, such as cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, orexin A and ghrelin. We explored neuronal responses to these drugs during day and night, and in standard vs. high-fat diet conditions. We found that IGL/VLG neurons responded to all the substances tested, except peptide YY. Moreover, more neurons responded to anorexigenic drugs at night, while a high-fat diet affected the IGL/VLG sensitivity to orexigenic peptides. Interestingly, ISO neurons responded to light and orexin A, but did not respond to the other food intake-related peptides. In contrast, non-ISO cells were activated by metabolic peptides, with only some being responsive to light. Our results show for the first time that peptides involved in the body's energy homeostasis stimulate the thalamus and suggest functional separation of the IGL/VLG cells. KEY POINTS: The intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (IGL/VLG) of the rodent thalamus process various signals and participate in circadian entrainment. In both structures, cells exhibiting infra-slow oscillatory activity as well as non-rhythmically firing neurons being observed. Here, we reveal that only one of these two groups of cells responds to anorexigenic (cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1 and oxyntomodulin) and orexigenic (ghrelin and orexin A) peptides. Neuronal responses vary depending on the time of day (day vs. night) and on the diet (standard vs. high-fat diet). Additionally, we visualised receptors to the tested peptides in the IGL/VLG using in situ hybridisation. Our results suggest that two electrophysiologically different subpopulations of IGL/VLG neurons are involved in two separate functions: one related to the body's energy homeostasis and one associated with the subcortical visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda S Jeczmien-Lazur
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna M Sanetra
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Pradel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Izowit
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.,School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marian H Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Brogi R, Brivio F, Bertolucci C, Benazzi M, Luccarini S, Cappai N, Bottero E, Pedrazzoli C, Columbano N, Apollonio M, Grignolio S. Capture effects in wild boar: a multifaceted behavioural investigation. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Brogi
- R. Brogi (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-600X)
| | | | | | - Michele Benazzi
- M. Benazzi, Dept of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Univ. of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Siriano Luccarini
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadia Cappai
- N. Cappai and C. Pedrazzoli, Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Pratovecchio (AR), Italy
| | - Elisa Bottero
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Pedrazzoli
- N. Cappai and C. Pedrazzoli, Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Pratovecchio (AR), Italy
| | - Nicolò Columbano
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Apollonio
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Grignolio
- S. Luccarini, E. Bottero, N. Columbano, M. Apollonio and S. Grignolio (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2004), Dept of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
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3
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Impact of anaesthesia on circadian rhythms and implications for laboratory experiments. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:318-322. [PMID: 30268768 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
General anaesthesia is a widely used tool to enable surgery in animal experimentation. There is now convincing evidence that general anaesthesia can cause profound and strongly time-dependant shifts in circadian rhythms of behaviour (sleep-wake cycles), physiology (core body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and hormone release) and cognitive parameters (learning and memory) in a range of species. These effects have the potential to confound laboratory experiments, and may lead to misinterpretation of results. Here, we summarise these effects and advise caution to those conducting laboratory experiments in which anaesthesia forms part of the protocol.
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Hohlbaum K, Bert B, Dietze S, Palme R, Fink H, Thöne-Reineke C. Impact of repeated anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine on the well-being of C57BL/6JRj mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203559. [PMID: 30231081 PMCID: PMC6145541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the scope of the 3Rs of Russel and Burch, the number of laboratory animals can be reduced by repeated use of an animal. This strategy only becomes relevant, if the total amount of pain, distress or harm the individual animal experiences does not exceed the severity of a single manipulation. For example, when using imaging techniques, an animal can be examined several times during a study, but it has to be anesthetized each time imaging is performed. The severity of anesthesia is thought to be mild according to the Directive 2010/63/EU. However, the Directive does not differentiate between single and repeated anesthesia, although repeated anesthesia may have a greater impact on well-being. Hence, we compared the impact of single and repeated anesthesia (six times at an interval of three to four days) by injection of ketamine and xylazine (KX) on the well-being of adult female and male C57BL/6JRj mice. After anesthesia, well-being of mice was assessed according to a protocol for systematic assessment of well-being including nesting, the Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS), a test for trait anxiety, home cage activity, and the rotarod test for motor activity, food intake, and body weight, as well as corticosterone (metabolite) analysis. Repeated anesthesia increased the MGS in mice of both sexes and caused short-term effects on well-being of female mice in the immediate post-anesthetic period, indicated by longer lasting effects on trait anxiety-related behavior. However, corticosterone metabolite concentrations suggested that mice habituated to the stress induced by repeated KX administration. Hence, the mildly negative effects on well-being of repeated KX anesthesia do not seem to accumulate over time using the respective regimen. However, further observations for severity classification are warranted in order to more specifically determine the duration of mild distress and trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hohlbaum
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Bettina Bert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Dietze
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidrun Fink
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christa Thöne-Reineke
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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How does general anaesthesia affect the circadian clock? Sleep Med Rev 2018; 37:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mihova D, Hechavarría JC. The electrocardiogram signal of Seba's short-tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2016; 202:517-26. [PMID: 27283857 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-016-1098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have successfully used electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to characterize complex physiological phenomena such as associative learning in bats. However, at present, no thorough characterization of the structure of ECG signals is available for these animals. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively characterize features of the ECG signals in the bat species Carollia perspicillata, a species that is commonly used in neuroethology studies. Our results show that the ECG signals of C. perspicillata follow the typical mammalian pattern, in that they are composed by a P wave, QRS complex and a T wave. Peak-to-peak amplitudes in the bats' ECG signals were larger in measuring configurations in which one of the electrodes was attached to the right thumb. In addition, large differences in the instantaneous heart rate (HR) distributions were observed between ketamine/xylazine anesthetized and awake bats. Ketamine/xylazine might target the neural circuits that control HR, therefore, instantaneous HR measurements should only be used as physiological marker in awake animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mihova
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaft, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Julio C Hechavarría
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaft, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Zaretsky DV, Zaretskaia MV, DiMicco JA. Characterization of the relationship between spontaneous locomotor activity and cardiovascular parameters in conscious freely moving rats. Physiol Behav 2015; 154:60-7. [PMID: 26603274 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In freely behaving rats, variations in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) are coupled closely with changes in locomotor activity (Act). We have attempted to characterize this relationship mathematically. In 10- and 16-week-old rats, HR, BP and Act were recorded telemetrically every minute for 2 days under 12h:12h light-dark cycling. After examining data for individual rats, we found that the relationship between Act and HR could be approximated by the negative exponential function HR(Act)=HRmax-(HRmax-HRmin)∗exp(-Act/Acte), where HRmax, HRmin, and Acte are constants. These constants were calculated separately for light and dark periods by non-linear curve fitting. HR corresponding to maximal locomotion was similar during the light and dark phases, while HR at rest during the dark phase was higher than during the light phase. The range of HR variability associated with Act during the dark phase was similar in young and older animals, but minimal HR was significantly lower in older rats. The relationship between Act and BP was approximated with a similar function. We have found no differences between BP at rest and at maximal locomotion between light and dark and between 10-week and 16-week-old rats. Our results indicate that in rats, cardiovascular parameters are coupled to locomotion to a high degree; however both the HR and the BP reach maximal values when locomotor activity is relatively low. We also found that the phase of daily cycle affects HR in conscious rats independent of locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Zaretsky
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Maria V Zaretskaia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joseph A DiMicco
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Albrecht M, Henke J, Tacke S, Markert M, Guth B. Influence of repeated anaesthesia on physiological parameters in male Wistar rats: a telemetric study about isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:310. [PMID: 25551200 PMCID: PMC4301083 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the influence of repeated anaesthesia using isoflurane (ISO, 2–3 Vol%), ketamine-xylazine (KX, 100 mg·kg−1 + 5 mg·kg−1, i.m.) or a combination of medetomidine-midazolam-fentanyl (MMF, 0.15 mg·kg−1 + 2.0 mg·kg−1 + 0.005 mg·kg−1, i.m.) on heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP), body temperature (BT), duration of anaesthetic intervals and body weight (BW) in Wistar rats. Rats were instrumented with a telemetric system for the measurement of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (SAP, DAP, MAP), pulse pressure (PP), HR and BT during induction, maintenance and recovery of anaesthesia. Each anaesthesia was performed six times within three weeks. KX was not antagonized, but ISO delivery was terminated 40 minutes after induction and MMF was reversed with atipamezole-flumazenil-naloxone (AFN, 0.75 mg·kg−1 + 0.2 mg·kg−1 + 0.12 mg·kg−1, s.c.). Results With repeated anaesthesia, ISO showed a decrease of HR and BP. A significant decrease of PP could be observed with repeated anaesthesia using MMF. HR and BP were not affected by repeated KX anaesthesia, but we noted a reduction of sleeping time and BW. Neither MMF nor ISO showed significant differences in the duration of anaesthetic intervals and BW. With KX we observed tissue necrosis at the injection site and surgical tolerance was not achieved in 25% of the anaesthesias performed. Conclusion HR, BP values, BT, duration of anaesthetic intervals and BW were affected differently by repeated anaesthesia performed with ISO, KX or MMF. ISO produced a reproducible anaesthesia, thereby being suitable for repeated use, but with a decrease of HR and BP throughout the six anaesthesias. The use of ISO in cases where these parameters should be unaffected is therefore not advised. The inability to produce a surgical tolerance, the reduction of sleeping time and BW, as well as the tissue necrosis are significant contraindications for a repeated use of KX. Only mild changes of BP were found with repeated MMF anaesthesia, so it seems suitable for serial use, unless the high BP and the low HR during the surgical plane of anaesthesia are undesirable for a special procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Albrecht
- Department of Nonclinical Drug Safety, Biological Laboratory Service, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Julia Henke
- Department of Nonclinical Drug Safety, Biological Laboratory Service, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Sabine Tacke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Small Animals-Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Frankfurter Str. 108, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Michael Markert
- Department of Drug Discovery Support, General Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Brian Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Support, General Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
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Albrecht M, Henke J, Tacke S, Markert M, Guth B. Effects of isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl on physiological variables continuously measured by telemetry in Wistar rats. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:198. [PMID: 25149627 PMCID: PMC4363998 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated effects on cardiovascular parameters during anaesthesia with isoflurane (ISO, 2-3 Vol%), ketamine-xylazine (KX, 100 mg•kg(-1) + 5 mg•kg(-1)) or a combination of medetomidine-midazolam-fentanyl (MMF, 0.15 mg•kg(-1) + 2.0 mg•kg(-1) + 0.005 mg•kg(-1)) in rats throughout induction, maintenance and recovery from anaesthesia. Rats were instrumented with a telemetric system for the measurement of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (SAP, DAP, MAP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR) and core body temperature (BT). The parameters were continuously measured before, during and after each type of anaesthesia. Forty minutes after induction, ISO delivery was terminated and MMF was antagonized with atipamezole-flumazenil-naloxone (AFN, 0.75 mg•kg(-1) + 0.2 mg•kg(-1) + 0.12 mg•kg(-1)) whereas KX was not antagonized. RESULTS Differences were observed between anaesthesias with KX (301 min) lasting much longer than MMF (45 min) and ISO (43 min). HR in ISO ([Formula: see text] = 404 ± 25 bpm) increased during the time of surgical tolerance whereas a HR decrease was observed in KX ([Formula: see text] = 255 ± 26 bpm) and MMF ([Formula: see text] = 209 ± 24 bpm). In ISO (MAP during time of surgical tolerance: [Formula: see text] = 89 ± 12.3 mmHg) and KX (MAP during wake-up period: [Formula: see text] = 84 ± 8.5 mmHg) mild hypotensive values were observed, whereas blood pressure (BP) in MMF (MAP during time of surgical tolerance: [Formula: see text] = 138 ± 9.9 mmHg) increased. Despite keeping animals on a warming pad, a loss of BT of about 1°C was seen in all groups. Additionally, we observed a peaked increase of HR ([Formula: see text] = 445 ± 20 bpm) during the wake-up period with ISO and an increase of PP ([Formula: see text] = 59 ± 8.5 mmHg) in MMF during the time of surgical tolerance. CONCLUSION The anaesthesias influenced very differently the cardiovascular parameters measured in Wistar rats. ISO caused mild hypotension and increased HR whereas MMF produced a marked hypertension and a significant decrease of HR. The slightest alterations of BP, HR and BT were observed using KX, but the long wake-up and recovery period suggest the need for prolonged monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Albrecht
- Department of Nonclinical Drug Safety, Biological Laboratory Service, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Julia Henke
- Department of Nonclinical Drug Safety, Biological Laboratory Service, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Sabine Tacke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Small Animals-Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Frankfurter Str. 108, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Michael Markert
- Department of Drug Discovery Support, General Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Brian Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Support, General Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
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Svorc P, Svorc P, Novakova M, Bacova I, Jurasova Z, Marossy A. Ketamine/xylazine anaesthesia in the chronobiological studies. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2014.884305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Svorc P, Bačová I, Svorc P, Bužga M. Autonomic nervous system under ketamine/ xylazine and pentobarbital anaesthesia in a Wistar rat model: a chronobiological view. Prague Med Rep 2014; 114:72-80. [PMID: 23777798 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2014.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ketamine/ xylazine and pentobarbital anaesthesia on heart rate variability as a marker of autonomic nervous system activity. The experiments were performed in ketamine/ xylazine (10 mg/kg/15 mg/kg) and pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, i.p.) anaesthetized female Wistar rats, after adaptation to a light-dark cycle of 12 hours light: 12 hours dark. Heart rate variability parameters (RR interval, power VLF (very low frequency), power LF (low frequency), power HF (high frequency) and relative powers) were evaluated during spontaneous breathing as a function of the light-dark cycle (LD cycle). Significant LD differences were found in the duration of RR intervals in ketamine/xylazine compared with pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats. Correlation analysis revealed moderate dependency between the RR interval duration and HF and LF power parameters in ketamine/xylazine anaesthesia in both light and dark parts of the cycle. In pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats, correlation analysis demonstrated a moderate dependence between RR interval duration and HF and VLF power parameters, but only in the dark part of the LD cycle. Ketamine/xylazine anaesthesia increased parasympathetic activity, and suppressed sympathetic and baroreceptor activity independently of the light-dark cycle. LD differences in RR interval duration were not eliminated. Pentobarbital anaesthesia increased parasympathetic activity, decreased sympathetic and baroreceptor activity, and eliminated LD differences in RR interval duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Svorc
- Department of Physiology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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SKARLANDTOVÁ H, BIČÍKOVÁ M, NEUŽIL P, MLČEK M, HRACHOVINA V, SVOBODA T, MEDOVÁ E, KUDLIČKA J, DOHNALOVÁ A, HAVRÁNEK Š, KAZIHNÍTKOVÁ H, MÁČOVÁ L, VAŘEJKOVÁ E, KITTNAR O. Might Cardiac Catheterization Influence Diurnal Rhythm of the Steroid Stress Hormones Secretion? Physiol Res 2012; 61:25-34. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex in reaction to stress stimuli. GCs production is not stable over a 24-hour period; the plasma concentration peaks in the morning (approximately upon awakening) and then the plasma levels decrease, reaching the nadir in the evening. In our experiments, the levels of cortisol, cortisone, DHEA and DHEAS were tested in young female pigs (n=23) during heart catheterization at two different day times (in the morning and in the afternoon). The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis was used. We found only minimal statistical differences in studied markers between the morning and afternoon group (p>0.05). The absence of circadian variation in GCs levels could originate either at an early age of our experimental pigs, or in stressful conditions on the experiment day, or most likely the day before (e.g. social isolation, fasting, transport, and catheterization), respectively. We can conclude there is no difference in the stress load between morning and afternoon experiments, and therefore we can assume the stress load is not a limiting factor for the timing when catheterization should be preferably performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - O. KITTNAR
- Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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Svorc P, Bacova I, Marossy A, Svorc P. Chronobiological aspects of changes in acid–base balance during artificial ventilation in ketamine/xylazine-anaesthetized Wistar rats: methodological studyin vivo. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2010.526414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Heart-rate changes in asphyxic preconditioning in rats depend on light-dark cycle. Open Med (Wars) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-011-0021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGenerally, it is assumed that heart-rhythm disorders during hypoxia result from the interplay between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the direct effect of hypoxia on cardiorespiratory structures of the central nervous system and on the myocardium. Circadian variability in the ANS may substantially influence the electrical stability of the myocardium, and thus it is associated with the preconditioning protective mechanism. We designed our study using anaesthetized Wistar rats (ketamine/xylazine 100 mg/15 mg/kg, i.m., open chest experiments) to evaluate the effect of preconditioning (PC) induced by 1 to 3 cycles (1 PC–3 PC) of asphyxia (5 min. of artificial hypoventilation, VT = 0.5 ml/100 g of b.w., 20 breaths/min.) and reoxygenation (5 min. of artificial ventilation, VT = 1 ml/100 g of b.w., 50 breaths/min.) on the heart rate (HR) during followed exposure 20 minutes of hypoventilation after adaptation to a light-dark (LD) cycle of 12 hours:12 hours. Hypoxic HR increases were only minimally prevented by 1 to 2 PC pre-treatment, particularly during the dark part of the day. A statistically significant HR increase required 3 PC and was seen only in the light part of the day. We concluded that possible ANS participation in asphyxic preconditioning depends not only on the number of preconditioned cycles but also on the LD cycle, when the ANS participation in preconditioning can be effective only in the light (nonactive) period.
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Light-dark dependence of electrocardiographic changes during asphyxia and reoxygenation in a rat model. Open Med (Wars) 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-010-1038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ventilation on electrocardiographic time intervals as a function of the light-dark (LD) cycle in an in vivo rat model. RR, PQ, QT and QTc intervals were measured in female Wistar rats anaesthetized with both ketamine and xylazine (100 mg/15 mg/kg, i.m., open chest experiments) after adaptation to the LD cycle (12:12h) for 4 weeks. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded before surgical interventions; after tracheotomy, and thoracotomy, and 5 minutes of stabilization with artificial ventilation; 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds after the onset of apnoea; and after 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes of artificial reoxygenation. Time intervals in intact animals showed significant LD differences, except in the QT interval. The initial significant (p<0,001) LD differences in PQ interval and loss of dependence on LD cycle in the QT interval were preserved during short-term apnoea-induced asphyxia (30–60 sec) In contrast, long-term asphyxia (90–120 sec) eliminated LD dependence in the PQ interval, but significant LD differences were shown in the QT interval. Apnoea completely abolished LD differences in the RR interval. Reoxygenation restored the PQ and QT intervals to the pre-asphyxic LD differences, but with the RR intervals, the LD differences were eliminated. We have concluded that myocardial vulnerability is dependent on the LD cycle and on changes of pulmonary ventilation.
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Abstract
In humans, the storage and voiding functions of the urinary bladder have a characteristic diurnal variation, with increased voiding during the day and urine storage during the night. However, in animal models, the daily functional differences in urodynamics have not been well-studied. The goal of this study was to identify key urodynamic parameters that vary between day and night. Rats were chronically instrumented with an intravesical catheter, and bladder pressure, voided volumes, and micturition frequency were measured by continuous filling cystometry during the light (inactive) or dark (active) phases of the circadian cycle. Cage activity was recorded by video during the experiment. We hypothesized that nocturnal rats entrained to a standard 12:12 light:dark cycle would show greater ambulatory activity and more frequent, smaller volume micturitions in the dark compared to the light. Rats studied during the light phase had a bladder capacity of 1.44±0.21 mL and voided every 8.2±1.2 min. Ambulatory activity was lower in the light phase, and rats slept during the recording period, awakening only to urinate. In contrast, rats studied during the dark were more active, had a lower bladder capacities (0.65±0.18 mL), and urinated more often (every 3.7±0.9 min). Average bladder pressures were not significantly different between the light and dark (13.40±2.49 and 12.19±2.85 mmHg, respectively). These results identify a day-night difference in bladder capacity and micturition frequency in chronically-instrumented nocturnal rodents that is phase-locked to the normal circadian locomotor activity rhythm of the animal. Furthermore, since it has generally been assumed that the daily hormonal regulation of renal function is a major driver of the circadian rhythm in urination, and few studies have addressed the involvement of the lower urinary tract, these results establish the bladder itself as a target for circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M. Herrera
- Catamount Research & Development Company, St. Albans, Vermont, United States of America
- Med Associates, Inc., St. Albans, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Andrea L. Meredith
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kanizsai P, Vámos Z, Solymár M, Garami A, Szelényi Z. Effects of repeated surgical stress on daily changes of body core temperature in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 97:201-7. [PMID: 20511129 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.97.2010.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Daily body core temperature rhythm has been known to become blunted for several days following intra-abdominal implantation of biotelemetry transmitters in small rodents and about a week is required for re-establishment of stable body core temperature oscillation. In the present study carried out on mice it was found that a repetition of the same minor surgical intervention (laparotomy) several days apart could speed up the stabilization of body temperature oscillations. Melatonin supplied with the drinking water continuously was found to speed up the return of stable daily body temperature rhythm further on consecutive laparotomies, while daily injections of methylprednisolone resulted in some delay in the development of stable body core temperature oscillations. It is concluded that in C57BL/6 mice possessing low plasma levels of melatonin exhibit an adaptive response to repeated stresses influencing the dynamics of daily body temperature rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kanizsai
- Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine Pécs Hungary, University of Pécs, Hungary
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Dispersyn G, Chassard D, Pain L. [Biological rhythms for anaesthesia and intensive care]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 29:470-7. [PMID: 20598847 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of biological rhythms has led to better understanding of the time-of-day dependent effects of anaesthetic drugs. These chronopharmacological effects are currently explained by the biological rhythms modulating the pharmacokinetic, toxic and pharmacodynamic parameters of these substances. Such effect has been described for general anesthetics, local anaesthetics, analgesics as well as for antibiotics. But recent data also highlight that general anaesthetics, probably part of their brain effects, also alter the regulation of biological rhythms, including the sleep-wake or the endogenous circadian temperature rhythms. This desynchronization of biological rhythms can led to disturbance of the circadian secretion of many substances, including hormones. Finally, biological rhythms have been also described with regard to physiology of pain and cardiovascular physiopathology. The concept of biological rhythm should be present in mind not only for the clinical management of patients but also for setting studies in the field of anaesthesia, pain and intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dispersyn
- Inserm U, CHRU de Strasbourg, université Louis-Pasteur, France
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Boulamery A, Simon N, Vidal J, Bruguerolle B. EFFECTS OF L-DOPA ON CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS OF 6-OHDA STRIATAL LESIONED RATS: A RADIOTELEMETRIC STUDY. Chronobiol Int 2010; 27:251-64. [DOI: 10.3109/07420521003664213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Slack K, Billing R, Matthews S, Allbutt HN, Einstein R, Henderson JM. Subtle cardiovascular dysfunction in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2010; 2010:427810. [PMID: 20976085 PMCID: PMC2957224 DOI: 10.4061/2010/427810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson's disease produces autonomic deficits. Autonomic parameters were assessed by implanting a small radiofrequency telemetry device which measured heart rate variability (HRV), diurnal rhythms of heart rate (HR), core body temperature (cBT) and locomotor activity (LA). Rats then received 6-OHDA lesion or sham surgery. 6-OHDA lesioned rats exhibited head and body axis biases, defective sensorimotor function ("disengage" test), and prominent apomorphine rotation (all P < .05 versus controls). Diurnal rhythm of HR was lower for 6-OHDA lesioned rats (n = 8) versus controls (n = 6; P < .05). Whilst HR decreased similarly in both groups during the day, there was a greater decrease in HR for the 6-OHDA lesioned rats at night (by 38 b.p.m. relative to 17 b.p.m. for controls). LA and cBT did not differ between surgery groups. This study indicates the unilateral 6-OHDA model of PD shows subtle signs of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Slack
- Department of Pharmacology, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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21
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Velly AB, Simon N, Bedidjian S, Bruguerolle B. Effects of a Seven‐Day Continuous Infusion of Ropivacaine on Circadian Rhythms in the Rat. Chronobiol Int 2009; 23:683-93. [PMID: 16865808 DOI: 10.1080/07420520600650570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a 7 d continuous infusion of ropivacaine on the 24 h rhythms of body temperature, heart rate, and locomotor activity. After an initial 7 d baseline, rats were randomly divided into two groups of 4 rats each to receive ropivacaine or saline via an osmotic pump for 7 consecutive days. The pumps were removed thereafter and observed during a 7 d recovery span. The studied circadian rhythms were measured by radiotelemetry throughout each of the 7 d periods. An additional group of 4 rats was studied under the same experimental conditions to assess the plasma levels of ropivacaine on days 3 and 8 following pump implantation. Our results indicate that ropivacaine does not induce loss of the circadian rhythms of body temperature, heart rate, or locomotor activity; a prominent period of 24 h was found for all variables in all animals, before, during, and after ropivacaine treatment. However, ropivacaine treatment did modify some characteristics of the rhythms; it increased the MESOR (24 h mean) of the heart rate and locomotor activity rhythms and advanced the acrophase (peak time) of the locomotor activity circadian rhythm. The present study indicates that the circadian rhythms of heart rate and locomotor activity are modified after continuous infusion of ropivacaine, which is of particular interest, given the potential cardiotoxicity of this local anesthetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Boulamery Velly
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Boulamery A, Kadra G, Simon N, Besnard T, Bruguerolle B. Chronopharmacokinetics of Imipenem in the Rat. Chronobiol Int 2009; 24:961-8. [DOI: 10.1080/07420520701648309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Dispersyn G, Pain L, Challet E, Touitou Y. General Anesthetics Effects on Circadian Temporal Structure: An Update. Chronobiol Int 2009; 25:835-50. [DOI: 10.1080/07420520802551386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Challet E, Gourmelen S, Pevet P, Oberling P, Pain L. Reciprocal relationships between general (Propofol) anesthesia and circadian time in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32:728-35. [PMID: 16641940 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several common postdischarge symptoms, such as sleep disorders, headache, drowsiness or general malaise, evoke disturbances of circadian rhythms due to jet lag (ie crossing time zones) or shift work rotation. Considering that general anesthesia is associated with numerous effects on the central nervous system, we hypothesized that it may also act on the circadian timing system. We first determined the effects of the circadian timing on general anesthesia. We observed that identical doses of propofol showed marked circadian fluctuations in duration of effects, with a peak at the middle of the resting period (ie 7 h after lights on). Then, we examined the effects of general anesthesia on circadian timing, by analysing stable free-running circadian rhythms (ie in constant environmental conditions), an experimental approach used widely in circadian biology. Free-running rats were housed in constant darkness and temperature to assess possible phase-shifting effects of propofol anesthesia according to the time of the day. When administered around (+/-2 h) the daily rest/activity transition point, a 30-min propofol anesthesia induced a 1-h phase advance in the free-running rest-activity rhythm, while anesthesia had no significant resetting effect at other times of the day. Anesthesia-induced hypothermia was not correlated with the phase-shifting effects of propofol anesthesia. From our results, anesthesia itself can reset circadian timing, and acts as a synchronizing cue for the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Challet
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS (UMR7168), University L. Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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Visser SAG, Sällström B, Forsberg T, Peletier LA, Gabrielsson J. Modeling drug- and system-related changes in body temperature: application to clomethiazole-induced hypothermia, long-lasting tolerance development, and circadian rhythm in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 317:209-19. [PMID: 16339393 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.095224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for the characterization of clomethiazole (CMZ)-induced hypothermia and the rapid development of long-lasting tolerance in rats while taking into account circadian rhythm in baseline and the influence of handling. CMZ-induced hypothermia and tolerance was measured using body temperature telemetry in male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were given s.c. bolus injections of 0, 15, 150, 300, and 600 micromol kg(-1) and 24-h s.c. continuous infusions of 0, 20, and 40 micromol kg(-1) h(-1) using osmotic pumps. The duration of tolerance was studied by repeated injections of 300 micromol kg(-1) at 3- to 32-day intervals. Plasma exposure to CMZ was obtained in satellite groups of catheterized rats. Fitted population concentration-time profiles served as input for the pharmacodynamic analysis. The asymmetric circadian rhythm in baseline body temperature was successfully described by a novel negative feedback model incorporating external light-dark conditions. An empirical function characterized the transient increase in temperature upon handling of the animal. A feedback model for temperature regulation and tolerance development allowed estimation of CMZ potency at 30 +/- 1 microM. The delay in onset of tolerance was estimated via a series of four transit compartments at 7.6 +/- 2 h. The long-lasting tolerance was assumed to be caused by inactivation of a mediator with an estimated turnover time of 46 +/- 3 days. This multicomponent turnover model was able to quantify the CMZ-induced hypothermia, circadian rhythm in baseline, and rapid onset of a long-lasting tolerance to CMZ in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A G Visser
- PK/PD Section, DMPK & Bioanalytical Chemistry, Local Discovery Research Area CNS & Pain Control, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, Sweden.
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Felies M, Poppendieck S, Nave H. Perioperative normothermia depends on intraoperative warming procedure, extent of the surgical intervention and age of the experimental animal. Life Sci 2005; 77:3133-40. [PMID: 15979105 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of a physiological body temperature during and early after surgical interventions in experimental animals such as rodents is often neglected. Therefore the positive influence of an adequate use of warming blankets (WB) on the rectal body temperature in rats was investigated during two different surgical interventions, with a special focus on possible differences between young adult (2.5+/-0.14 months) and adult animals (9.3+/-0.13 months). Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane short inhalation and maintained with ketamine and domitor intramuscularly. Animals were divided into ten groups according to (a) the age of the animals, (b) the temperature of the WB and (c) the kind of surgical intervention (either an intravenous [i.v.] cannulation of the right external jugular vein or an intra-aortal implantation of a telemetric transmitter or both). Results clearly show that the surface temperature of the WB has a major impact on the perioperative thermoregulation. The rectal body temperature of animals operated on a cooler WB dramatically decreased depending on the age of the rat and also on the extent of the surgical intervention. The opening of the abdominal cavity in older rats resulted in a severe hypothermia: they lost 5.6 degrees C compared to 3.2 degrees C in the young adult rats. The implantation of the i.v. catheter had no serious effect on the thermoregulation. In conclusion, the results clearly show that an adequate perioperative warming system positively influences the postoperative outcome in young adult and most notably in adult rats and thus enables early postoperative experiments without effects on measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Felies
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Simon N, Mouchet J, Bruguerolle B. Effects of a seven-day continuous infusion of L-DOPA on daily rhythms in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 401:79-83. [PMID: 10915840 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) on the daily rhythms of temperature, heart rate and locomotor activity in rats that received a 7-day continuous infusion. Our results indicate that L-DOPA does not induce a loss of the daily rhythmicity of temperature, heart rate and locomotor activity but modifies the main parameters of these rhythms, e.g. it increased the MESOR (midline estimating statistic of rhythm) of temperature and heart rate and increased the amplitude of temperature but decreased the amplitude of heart rate. Taking into account these results obtained after constant rate delivery, we now plan to investigate the effects of DOPA therapy by changing the time of its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Simon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Médicale (Développement et Pathologie du Mouvement, UMR-FRE), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, 27, Bd J. Moulin F-13385, Cedex 5, Marseille, France
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Pelissier AL, Gantenbein M, Bruguerolle B. Nicotine-induced perturbations on heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity daily rhythms in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998; 50:929-34. [PMID: 9751459 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb04010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nicotine on the daily rhythms of heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity in unrestrained rats by use of implanted radiotelemetry transmitters. The study was divided into three seven-day periods: a control period, a treatment period and a recovery period. The control period was used for baseline measurement of heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity. During the treatment period three rats received nicotine (1 mg kg(-1), s.c.) at 0900 h. Three rats received saline under the same experimental conditions. Heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity were continuously monitored and plotted every 10 min. During the three periods a power spectrum analysis was used to determine the dominant period of rhythmicity. If daily rhythms of heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity were detected, the characteristics of these rhythms, i.e. the mesors, amplitudes and acrophases, were determined by cosinor analysis, expressed as means +/- s.e.m. and compared by analysis of variance. Nicotine did not suppress daily rhythmicity but induced decreases of amplitudes and phase-advances of acrophases for heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity. These perturbations might result from the effects of nicotine on the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the hypothalamic clock that co-ordinates biological rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Pelissier
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Marseilles, France
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Gantenbein M, Attolini L, Bruguerolle B. Nicorandil affects diurnal rhythms of body temperature, heart rate and locomotor activity in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 346:125-30. [PMID: 9652351 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nicorandil, a K+ channel opener with a potent vasodilator action, on diurnal rhythms of body temperature, heart rate and locomotor activity were assessed in rats. Transmitters were intraperitoneally implanted under ether anaesthesia. After recovery from surgery, body temperature, heart rate and locomotor activity were recorded during control, saline or nicorandil (10 mg x kg(-1) administered orally) treatment and for 5 days after treatment. For each period, Fourier analysis determined the predominant rhythmicity for body temperature, heart rate and locomotor activity while cosinor analysis assessed the corresponding mesors, acrophases and amplitudes and maxima and minima were directly plotted from raw data. The results indicated: (1) loss of the diurnal rhythmicity for all three rhythms after implantation; (2) stress-induced modifications of almost all the characteristics of the three rhythms after saline and (3) a loss of diurnal rhythmicity of heart rate after nicorandil, an effect that was not observed after saline and which was reversed when nicorandil administration was stopped. In conclusion, nicorandil perturbed the diurnal rhythmicity of heart rate while the rhythmicity of body temperature and locomotor activity was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gantenbein
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Universite de la Mediterrane, Marseille, France
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