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Sangiorgio VFI, Arber DA. Non-hematopoietic neoplastic and pseudoneoplastic lesions of the spleen. Semin Diagn Pathol 2021; 38:159-164. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Farah BL, Madeline Chee YM, Ching SS, Tan CS. Primary splenic leiomyosarcoma as an exceptionally rare cause of ruptured splenomegaly – A case report and review of primary splenic sarcomas. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2020.200452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Boehnke MW, Watterson CT, Connolly SA, Perez-Atayde AR, Weldon CB, Callahan MJ. Imaging features of pathologically proven pediatric splenic masses. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1284-1292. [PMID: 32495175 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Splenic masses present a diagnostic challenge to radiologists and clinicians alike, with a relative paucity of data correlating radiologic findings to pathological diagnosis in the pediatric population. To illustrate splenic mass imaging findings and approximate lesion prevalence, we retrospectively reviewed all splenectomies and splenic biopsies for splenic masses at a single academic pediatric hospital over a 10-year period in patients 18 years and younger. A total of 31 splenic masses were analyzed. Lesion prevalence, pathology and imaging features associated with sampled splenic masses are described. The lesions encountered include benign splenic cysts (9), vascular anomalies (7), hamartoma (3), leukemia/lymphoma (3), granulomata (3) and metastasis (2). We also identified single cases of angiosarcoma, splenic cord capillary hemangioma, congestive hemorrhage, and benign smooth muscle neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell W Boehnke
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christopher T Watterson
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences,, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan A Connolly
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Weldon
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Callahan
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Clinico-pathological characteristics of different types of immunodeficiency-associated smooth muscle tumours. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2417-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Parelkar SV, Sampat NP, Sanghvi BV, Joshi PB, Sahoo SK, Patel JL, Oak SN. Case report of bilateral adrenal leiomyoma with review of literature. Pediatr Surg Int 2013; 29:655-8. [PMID: 23354505 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-013-3264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh V Parelkar
- Seth GSMC and King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Elawabdeh N, Cone BM, Abramowsky CR, Wrubel DM, Grossniklaus H, Walrath J, Bashir MZ, Shehata BM. Epstein-Barr virus associated smooth muscle tumors in post transplant pediatric patients two cases of rare locations, and review of the literature. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2013; 32:184-91. [PMID: 23445451 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2012.701265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may present few or no symptoms in immunocompetent individuals; however, in immunocompromised patients as in the case of AIDS and post-transplant patients, the virus occasionally stimulates neoplastic transformations. Epstein-Barr virus may play a role in the development of smooth muscle tumors (SMT). In the case of Epstein-Barr associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV+SMT), the virus is thought to be the leading factor to the tumorigenic pathway. We report two pediatric patients (6 and 13 years old) who underwent liver transplantation and developed EBV+SMT in the colon and orbit. These two cases represent rare locations for this kind of lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Elawabdeh
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Pathology Laboratory, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Sarcomas other than Kaposi sarcoma occurring in immunodeficiency: interpretations from a systematic literature review. Curr Opin Oncol 2012; 24:537-46. [PMID: 22729152 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328355e115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In immunodeficiency, an increased sarcoma risk is confirmed for Kaposi's sarcoma. Whether rates of other sarcoma subtypes are elevated in the setting of immunodeficiency is not known. We therefore reviewed published case reports on HIV and AIDS patients and organ transplant recipients with sarcomas. For comparison, we assessed sarcomas in the U.S. general population using Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) data. RECENT FINDINGS A total of 176 non-Kaposi sarcoma were identified, 75 in people with HIV and AIDS and 101 in transplant recipients. Leiomyosarcomas (n = 101) were the most frequently reported sarcomas, followed by angiosarcomas (n = 23) and fibrohistiocytic tumors (n = 17). Leiomyosarcomas were reported with two age peaks, in children and young adults. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected in the tumor cells in 85 and 88% of leiomyosarcomas in HIV-infected people and transplant recipients, respectively. Angiosarcomas and fibrohistiocytic tumors were most frequently reported in men. Among kidney transplant recipients, 20% of sarcomas arose at the site of an arteriovenous fistula. In comparison, leiomyoscarcomas, angiosarcomas, and fibrohistiocytic tumors comprised 16.9, 3.8, and 18.7% of sarcomas in the U.S. general population. SUMMARY Leiomyosarcoma and angiosarcoma may occur disproportionately in immunodeficiency. Leiomyosarcomas appear causatively linked to EBV, whereas angiosarcomas might be correlated with an arteriovenous fistula. Additional studies are necessary to understand the contribution of immunodeficiency to the cause of these sarcomas.
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Abstract
Neoplasms of striated and smooth muscle in children are a diverse group of neoplasms that have some unique aspects in contrast to these tumors in adults. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of infancy and childhood and is relatively common in adolescents. In contrast, smooth muscle tumors are relatively rare, and the various types of rhabdomyoma and smooth and skeletal muscle hamartomas are very uncommon. In recent years, the understanding of the pathologic and genetic aspects of rhabdomyosarcoma has been enhanced by adjunct techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic or molecular genetic analysis. The current classification of rhabdomyosarcoma emphasizes the histologic-prognostic correlations. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of striated and smooth muscle tumors with an emphasis on the unique aspects of these neoplasms in children and adolescents and the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Parham
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Tetzlaff MT, Nosek C, Kovarik CL. Epstein-Barr virus-associated leiomyosarcoma with cutaneous involvement in an African child with human immunodeficiency virus: a case report and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2011; 38:731-9. [PMID: 21623869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) are infrequently encountered lesions restricted to immunocompromised patients. However, they represent the second most common tumor in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We report a case of a progressively enlarging abdominal mass with cutaneous involvement in an HIV-infected, 4-year-old African girl in Malawi with clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Analysis of an excisional specimen revealed a well-differentiated leiomyosarcoma and subsequent studies revealed diffuse nuclear positivity for Epstein-Barr virus early RNAs in lesional cells. We present a report of this case and provide a summary of the literature regarding SMTs in pediatric HIV-infected patients. In addition, we draw attention to the cutaneous manifestations of SMTs in immunosuppressed populations. We highlight EBV-related SMTs as a potential cutaneous complication of HIV infection in children and immunosuppressed patients populations as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Purgina B, Rao UNM, Miettinen M, Pantanowitz L. AIDS-Related EBV-Associated Smooth Muscle Tumors: A Review of 64 Published Cases. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:561548. [PMID: 21437186 PMCID: PMC3062098 DOI: 10.4061/2011/561548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The number of reported cases of smooth muscle tumor (SMT) arising in patients with AIDS has been increasing since the mid-1990s. The aim of this study is to characterize the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathologic features, prognosis and, management of Epstein-Barr virus-related SMT (EBV-SMT) in patients with AIDS. An English language literature search identified 53 articles including 64 reported cases of EBV-SMT. The majority of these reports involved patients who were young, severely immunosuppressed, and had multifocal tumors. The central nervous system was the most common site to be involved. Histologically, tumors had smooth muscle features and were immunoreactive for muscle markers and all but two tumors demonstrated the presence of EBV by either immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and/or PCR. While mitoses and/or necrosis were used to separate leiomyoma from leiomyosarcoma, these features did not correlate with clinical outcome. Treatment included primarily resection, and less often radiotherapy, chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Overall, EBV-SMTs appear to have variable aggressiveness and clinical outcome and may exhibit a more favorable prognosis compared to conventional leiomyosarcoma. Tumor-related death from EBV-SMT occurred in only 4 of 51 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibianna Purgina
- Department of Pathology, Presbyterian-Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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Metta H, Corti M, Redini L, Dure R, Campitelli AM, Narbaitz M. Endobronchial leiomyoma: an unusual non-defining neoplasm in a patient with AIDS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2009; 51:53-5. [PMID: 19229392 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652009000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle neoplasms are more frequent in human immunodeficiency infected children than in HIV seropositive adults. Endobronchial leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor in HIV infected adult patients. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of these tumors. Here we describe an adult patient with HIV infection with atelectasis of the left upper pulmonary lobe as the first clinical expression of an intrabronchial leiomyoma. In this case, we can not show the association with EBV. Our report suggests that smooth muscle tumors as leiomyoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial masses in AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Metta
- Infectious Diseases F.J., Muñiz Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common DNA virus distributed worldwide. Usually the initial infection involves the upper respiratory tract without any problems and almost the entire population more than 25 years old test positive for anti-EBV antibodies. However, EBV often causes not only acute lytic infection but also chronic active infection with B cells and even T cells. In addition the EBV genome has been detected in tumors of hematopoietic or epithelial cell origin such as Burkitt's lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, NK/T cell lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) and gastric adenocarcinomas. It is clearly important to make a correct diagnosis for EBV associated diseases and monitor the EBV load in individual patients for an appropriate therapy. In this paper recent advances in serological, immunological and molecular approaches for detection of EBV associated disease are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tsuchiya
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Research Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Cheuk W, Li PCK, Chan JKC. Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumour: a distinctive mesenchymal tumour of immunocompromised individuals. Pathology 2002; 34:245-9. [PMID: 12109785 DOI: 10.1080/00313020220131309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
immunosuppressed patients are predisposed to the development of smooth muscle tumours which show near consistent association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This report describes a 37-year-old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who initially presented with two masses in the liver. Image-guided core biopsy revealed a spindle cell tumour with histological and immunological features of smooth muscle neoplasm which was shown by in situ hybridisation for EBV early RNAs to be EBV-associated. The literature on this uncommon entity is critically reviewed and the differential diagnosis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cheuk
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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