1
|
Chan TC, Pan CT, Hsieh HY, Vejvisithsakul PP, Wei RJ, Yeh BW, Wu WJ, Chen LR, Shiao MS, Li CF, Shiue YL. The autocrine glycosylated-GREM1 interacts with TGFB1 to suppress TGFβ/BMP/SMAD-mediated EMT partially by inhibiting MYL9 transactivation in urinary carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00788-8. [PMID: 36920729 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common disease in developed counties. This study aimed to identify autocrine roles and signaling pathways of gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist (GREM1), which inhibits tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in UC. METHODS Systematic in vitro and in vivo studies using genetic engineering, different urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC)-derived cell lines, and mouse models were performed, respectively. Further, primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and UBUC specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS GREM1 protein levels conferred better disease-specific and metastasis-free survival rates and played an independent prognostic factor in UTUC and UBUC. Hypermethylation is the primary cause of low GREM1 levels. In different UBUC-derived cell lines, the autocrine/secreted and glycosylated GREM1 interacted with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) and inhibited TGFβ/BMP/SMAD signaling and myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) transactivation, subsequently cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Secreted and glycosylated GREM1 also suppressed tumor growth, metastasis, and MYL9 levels in the mouse model. Instead, cytosolic GREM1 promoted cell proliferation and EMT by activating the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/AKT/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) axis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical associations, animal models, and in vitro indications provided solid evidence to show that the epithelial autocrine GREM1 is a novel tumor suppressor in UCs. The glycosylated-GREM1 hampered cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and in vitro angiogenesis through interaction with TGFB1 to inactivate TGFβ/BMP/SMAD-mediated EMT in an autocrine manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Chun Chan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tang Pan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Institute of Advanced Semiconductor Packaging and Testing, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Pichpisith Pierre Vejvisithsakul
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ren-Jie Wei
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80284, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, 83102, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ren Chen
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Tainan, 71246, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shin Shiao
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan. .,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan. .,Institute of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gipson GR, Nolan K, Kattamuri C, Kenny AP, Agricola Z, Edwards NA, Zinski J, Czepnik M, Mullins MC, Zorn AM, Thompson TB. Formation and characterization of BMP2/GDF5 and BMP4/GDF5 heterodimers. BMC Biol 2023; 21:16. [PMID: 36726183 PMCID: PMC9893541 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins of the TGFβ family, which are largely studied as homodimers, are also known to form heterodimers with biological activity distinct from their component homodimers. For instance, heterodimers of bone morphogenetic proteins, including BMP2/BMP7, BMP2/BMP6, and BMP9/BMP10, among others, have illustrated the importance of these heterodimeric proteins within the context of TGFβ signaling. RESULTS In this study, we have determined that mature GDF5 can be combined with mature BMP2 or BMP4 to form BMP2/GDF5 and BMP4/GDF5 heterodimer. Intriguingly, this combination of a BMP2 or BMP4 monomer, which exhibit high affinity to heparan sulfate characteristic to the BMP class, with a GDF5 monomer with low heparan sulfate affinity produces a heterodimer with an intermediate affinity. Using heparin affinity chromatography to purify the heterodimeric proteins, we then determined that both the BMP2/GDF5 and BMP4/GDF5 heterodimers consistently signaled potently across an array of cellular and in vivo systems, while the activities of their homodimeric counterparts were more context dependent. These differences were likely driven by an increase in the combined affinities for the type 1 receptors, Alk3 and Alk6. Furthermore, the X-ray crystal structure of BMP2/GDF5 heterodimer was determined, highlighting the formation of two asymmetric type 1 receptor binding sites that are both unique relative to the homodimers. CONCLUSIONS Ultimately, this method of heterodimer production yielded a signaling molecule with unique properties relative to the homodimeric ligands, including high affinity to multiple type 1 and moderate heparan binding affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Gipson
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kristof Nolan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chandramohan Kattamuri
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alan P Kenny
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Developmental Biology and Neonatology & Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zachary Agricola
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Developmental Biology and Neonatology & Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicole A Edwards
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Developmental Biology and Neonatology & Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Zinski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Magdalena Czepnik
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mary C Mullins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Developmental Biology and Neonatology & Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Masbuchin AN, Rohman MS, Liu PY. Role of Glycosylation in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9829. [PMID: 34575990 PMCID: PMC8469761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important step in post-translational protein modification. Altered glycosylation results in an abnormality that causes diseases such as malignancy and cardiovascular diseases. Recent emerging evidence highlights the importance of glycosylation in vascular calcification. Two major types of glycosylation, N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, are involved in vascular calcification. Other glycosylation mechanisms, which polymerize the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain onto protein, resulting in proteoglycan (PG), also have an impact on vascular calcification. This paper discusses the role of glycosylation in vascular calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainun Nizar Masbuchin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan;
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65111, Indonesia;
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65111, Indonesia;
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han O, Pak B, Jin SW. The Role of BMP Signaling in Endothelial Heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673396. [PMID: 34235147 PMCID: PMC8255612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which compose the largest group of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-ß) superfamily, have been implied to play a crucial role in diverse physiological processes. The most intriguing feature of BMP signaling is that it elicits heterogeneous responses from cells with equivalent identity, thus permitting highly context-dependent signaling outcomes. In endothelial cells (ECs), which are increasingly perceived as a highly heterogeneous population of cells with respect to their morphology, function, as well as molecular characteristics, BMP signaling has shown to elicit diverse and often opposite effects, illustrating the innate complexity of signaling responses. In this review, we provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of how outcomes of BMP signaling are modulated in a context-dependent manner with an emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms and summarize how these regulations of the BMP signaling promote endothelial heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orjin Han
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Boryeong Pak
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
N-Glycosylation can selectively block or foster different receptor-ligand binding modes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5239. [PMID: 33664400 PMCID: PMC7933184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While DNA encodes protein structure, glycans provide a complementary layer of information to protein function. As a prime example of the significance of glycans, the ability of the cell surface receptor CD44 to bind its ligand, hyaluronan, is modulated by N-glycosylation. However, the details of this modulation remain unclear. Based on atomistic simulations and NMR, we provide evidence that CD44 has multiple distinct binding sites for hyaluronan, and that N-glycosylation modulates their respective roles. We find that non-glycosylated CD44 favors the canonical sub-micromolar binding site, while glycosylated CD44 binds hyaluronan with an entirely different micromolar binding site. Our findings show (for the first time) how glycosylation can alter receptor affinity by shielding specific regions of the host protein, thereby promoting weaker binding modes. The mechanism revealed in this work emphasizes the importance of glycosylation in protein function and poses a challenge for protein structure determination where glycosylation is usually neglected.
Collapse
|
6
|
MnTBAP Reverses Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function in Experimentally Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114130. [PMID: 32531895 PMCID: PMC7312610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by obstructed pulmonary vasculatures. Current therapies for PAH are limited and only alleviate symptoms. Reduced levels of BMPR2 are associated with PAH pathophysiology. Moreover, reactive oxygen species, inflammation and autophagy have been shown to be hallmarks in PAH. We previously demonstrated that MnTBAP, a synthetic metalloporphyrin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits the turn-over of BMPR2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that MnTBAP might be used to treat PAH. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), as well as pulmonary microvascular endothelial (MVECs) and smooth muscle cells (MVSMCs) from PAH patients, were treated with MnTBAP. In vivo, either saline or MnTBAP was given to PAH rats induced by Sugen 5416 and hypoxia (SuHx). On PAECs, MnTBAP was found to increase BMPR2 protein levels by blocking autophagy. Moreover, MnTBAP increased BMPR2 levels in pulmonary MVECs and MVSMCs isolated from PAH patients. In SuHx rats, MnTBAP reduced right ventricular (RV) afterload by reversing pulmonary vascular remodeling, including both intima and media layers. Furthermore, MnTBAP improved RV function and reversed RV dilation in SuHx rats. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of MnTBAP as a potential therapeutic treatment for PAH.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gomez‐Puerto MC, van Zuijen I, Huang CJZ, Szulcek R, Pan X, van Dinther MAH, Kurakula K, Wiesmeijer CC, Goumans M, Bogaard H, Morrell NW, Rana AA, ten Dijke P. Autophagy contributes to BMP type 2 receptor degradation and development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Pathol 2019; 249:356-367. [PMID: 31257577 PMCID: PMC6852495 DOI: 10.1002/path.5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure which almost invariably leads to right heart failure and premature death. More than 70% of familial PAH and 20% of idiopathic PAH patients carry heterozygous mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 2 receptor (BMPR2). However, the incomplete penetrance of BMPR2 mutations suggests that other genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disease. In the current study, we investigate the contribution of autophagy in the degradation of BMPR2 in pulmonary vascular cells. We demonstrate that endogenous BMPR2 is degraded through the lysosome in primary human pulmonary artery endothelial (PAECs) and smooth muscle cells (PASMCs): two cell types that play a key role in the pathology of the disease. By means of an elegant HaloTag system, we show that a block in lysosomal degradation leads to increased levels of BMPR2 at the plasma membrane. In addition, pharmacological or genetic manipulations of autophagy allow us to conclude that autophagy activation contributes to BMPR2 degradation. It has to be further investigated whether the role of autophagy in the degradation of BMPR2 is direct or through the modulation of the endocytic pathway. Interestingly, using an iPSC-derived endothelial cell model, our findings indicate that BMPR2 heterozygosity alone is sufficient to cause an increased autophagic flux. Besides BMPR2 heterozygosity, pro-inflammatory cytokines also contribute to an augmented autophagy in lung vascular cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate an increase in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (MAP1LC3B) levels in lung sections from PAH induced in rats. Accordingly, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) from end-stage idiopathic PAH patients present an elevated autophagic flux. Our findings support a model in which an increased autophagic flux in PAH patients contributes to a greater decrease in BMPR2 levels. Altogether, this study sheds light on the basic mechanisms of BMPR2 degradation and highlights a crucial role for autophagy in PAH. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure
- Autophagy
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Lysosomes/pathology
- Male
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Proteolysis
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Catalina Gomez‐Puerto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Iris van Zuijen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Szulcek
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Xiaoke Pan
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten AH van Dinther
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Catharina C Wiesmeijer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Marie‐Jose Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Harm‐Jan Bogaard
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gorrell RE, Totten MH, Schoerning LJ, Newby JB, Geyman LJ, Lawless WG, Hum JM, Lowery JW. Identification of a bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor neutralizing antibody. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:331. [PMID: 31186065 PMCID: PMC6558810 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway comprises the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor (TGFβ) superfamily. BMP signaling plays essential roles in both embryonic development and postnatal tissue homeostasis. Dysregulated BMP signaling underlies human pathologies ranging from pulmonary arterial hypertension to heterotopic ossification. Thus, understanding the basic mechanisms and regulation of BMP signaling may yield translational opportunities. Unfortunately, limited tools are available to evaluate this pathway, and genetic approaches are frequently confounded by developmental requirements or ability of pathway components to compensate for one another. Specific inhibitors for type 2 receptors are poorly represented. Thus, we sought to identify and validate an antibody that neutralizes the ligand-binding function of BMP receptor type 2 (BMPR2) extracellular domain (ECD). RESULTS Using a modified, cell-free immunoprecipitation assay, we examined the neutralizing ability of the mouse monoclonal antibody 3F6 and found a dose-dependent inhibition of BMPR2-ECD ligand-binding. Consistent with this, 3F6 blocks endogenous BMPR2 function in the BMP-responsive cell line HEK293T. The specificity of 3F6 action was confirmed by demonstrating that this antibody has no effect on BMP-responsiveness in HEK293T cells in which BMPR2 expression is knocked-down. Our results provide important proof-of-concept data for future studies interrogating BMPR2 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruthann E Gorrell
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Madeline H Totten
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Laura J Schoerning
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Jordan B Newby
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Logan J Geyman
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Warren G Lawless
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Derynck R, Budi EH. Specificity, versatility, and control of TGF-β family signaling. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/570/eaav5183. [PMID: 30808818 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if not all, cell lineages and many aspects of cell and tissue physiology in multicellular eukaryotes. Deregulation of TGF-β family signaling leads to developmental anomalies and disease, whereas enhanced TGF-β signaling contributes to cancer and fibrosis. Here, we review the fundamentals of the signaling mechanisms that are initiated upon TGF-β ligand binding to its cell surface receptors and the dependence of the signaling responses on input from and cooperation with other signaling pathways. We discuss how cells exquisitely control the functional presentation and activation of heteromeric receptor complexes of transmembrane, dual-specificity kinases and, thus, define their context-dependent responsiveness to ligands. We also introduce the mechanisms through which proteins called Smads act as intracellular effectors of ligand-induced gene expression responses and show that the specificity and impressive versatility of Smad signaling depend on cross-talk from other pathways. Last, we discuss how non-Smad signaling mechanisms, initiated by distinct ligand-activated receptor complexes, complement Smad signaling and thus contribute to cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Erine H Budi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Negreiros E, Herszterg S, Kang KH, Câmara A, Dias WB, Carneiro K, Bier E, Todeschini AR, Araujo H. N-linked glycosylation restricts the function of Short gastrulation to bind and shuttle BMPs. Development 2018; 145:dev.167338. [PMID: 30355725 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of N-linked glycosylation are increasingly reported in the literature. However, the targets that are responsible for the associated developmental and physiological defects are largely unknown. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act as highly dynamic complexes to regulate several functions during development. The range and strength of BMP activity depend on interactions with glycosylated protein complexes in the extracellular milieu. Here, we investigate the role of glycosylation for the function of the conserved extracellular BMP antagonist Short gastrulation (Sog). We identify conserved N-glycosylated sites and describe the effect of mutating these residues on BMP pathway activity in Drosophila Functional analysis reveals that loss of individual Sog glycosylation sites enhances BMP antagonism and/or increases the spatial range of Sog effects in the tissue. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that N-terminal and stem glycosylation controls extracellular Sog levels and distribution. The identification of similar residues in vertebrate Chordin proteins suggests that N-glycosylation may be an evolutionarily conserved process that adds complexity to the regulation of BMP activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Negreiros
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-902.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-902
| | - Sophie Herszterg
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-902
| | - Kyung-Hwa Kang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, CA 92093-0349, USA
| | - Amanda Câmara
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-902.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-902
| | - Wagner B Dias
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-902
| | - Katia Carneiro
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-902
| | - Ethan Bier
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, CA 92093-0349, USA
| | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-902
| | - Helena Araujo
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-902 .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brasil (INCT-ENEM)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hirschhorn T, Levi-Hofman M, Danziger O, Smorodinsky NI, Ehrlich M. Differential molecular regulation of processing and membrane expression of Type-I BMP receptors: implications for signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2645-2662. [PMID: 28357470 PMCID: PMC11107780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Type-I bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPRs), BMPR1A and BMPR1B, present the highest sequence homology among BMPRs, suggestive of functional similitude. However, sequence elements within their extracellular domain, such as signal sequence or N-glycosylation motifs, may result in differential regulation of biosynthetic processing and trafficking and in alterations to receptor function. We show that (i) BMPR1A and the ubiquitous isoform of BMPR1B differed in mode of translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum; and (ii) BMPR1A was N-glycosylated while BMPR1B was not, resulting in greater efficiency of processing and plasma membrane expression of BMPR1A. We further demonstrated the importance of BMPR1A expression and glycosylation in ES-2 ovarian cancer cells, where (i) CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of BMPR1A abrogated BMP2-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and reduced proliferation of ES-2 cells and (ii) inhibition of N-glycosylation by site-directed mutagenesis, or by tunicamycin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose treatments, reduced biosynthetic processing and plasma membrane expression of BMPR1A and BMP2-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hirschhorn
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Levi-Hofman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oded Danziger
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nechama I Smorodinsky
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bultmann-Mellin I, Conradi A, Maul AC, Dinger K, Wempe F, Wohl AP, Imhof T, Wunderlich FT, Bunck AC, Nakamura T, Koli K, Bloch W, Ghanem A, Heinz A, von Melchner H, Sengle G, Sterner-Kock A. Modeling autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1C in mice reveals distinct functions for Ltbp-4 isoforms. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:403-15. [PMID: 25713297 PMCID: PMC4381339 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an important role for LTBP-4 in elastogenesis. Its mutational inactivation in humans causes autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1C (ARCL1C), which is a severe disorder caused by defects of the elastic fiber network. Although the human gene involved in ARCL1C has been discovered based on similar elastic fiber abnormalities exhibited by mice lacking the short Ltbp-4 isoform (Ltbp4S(-/-)), the murine phenotype does not replicate ARCL1C. We therefore inactivated both Ltbp-4 isoforms in the mouse germline to model ARCL1C. Comparative analysis of Ltbp4S(-/-) and Ltbp4-null (Ltbp4(-/-)) mice identified Ltbp-4L as an important factor for elastogenesis and postnatal survival, and showed that it has distinct tissue expression patterns and specific molecular functions. We identified fibulin-4 as a previously unknown interaction partner of both Ltbp-4 isoforms and demonstrated that at least Ltbp-4L expression is essential for incorporation of fibulin-4 into the extracellular matrix (ECM). Overall, our results contribute to the current understanding of elastogenesis and provide an animal model of ARCL1C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Insa Bultmann-Mellin
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Conradi
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra C Maul
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Dinger
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Wempe
- Department of Molecular Hematology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander P Wohl
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany. Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander C Bunck
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Katri Koli
- Research Programs Unit and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Ghanem
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Heinz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Harald von Melchner
- Department of Molecular Hematology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Sterner-Kock
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carreira AC, Alves GG, Zambuzzi WF, Sogayar MC, Granjeiro JM. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: structure, biological function and therapeutic applications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:64-73. [PMID: 25043976 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional secreted cytokines, which belong to the TGF-β superfamily. These glycoproteins act as a disulfide-linked homo- or heterodimers, being potent regulators of bone and cartilage formation and repair, cell proliferation during embryonic development and bone homeostasis in the adult. BMPs are promising molecules for tissue engineering and bone therapy. The present review discusses this family of proteins, their structure and biological function, their therapeutic applications and drawbacks, their effects on mesenchymal stem cells differentiation, and the cell signaling pathways involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Carreira
- Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; NUCEL-NETCEM Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, Medical Clinics Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Gutemberg Gomes Alves
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - William Fernando Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; NUCEL-NETCEM Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, Medical Clinics Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Bioengineering Division, National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil; Department of Dental Materials, Dental School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|