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Sun F, Fang M, Zhang H, Song Q, Li S, Li Y, Jiang S, Yang L. Drp1: Focus on Diseases Triggered by the Mitochondrial Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01245-5. [PMID: 38438751 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Drp1 (Dynamin-Related Protein 1) is a cytoplasmic GTPase protein encoded by the DNM1L gene that influences mitochondrial dynamics by mediating mitochondrial fission processes. Drp1 has been demonstrated to play an important role in a variety of life activities such as cell survival, proliferation, migration, and death. Drp1 has been shown to play different physiological roles under different physiological conditions, such as normal and inflammation. Recently studies have revealed that Drp1 plays a critical role in the occurrence, development, and aggravation of a series of diseases, thereby it serves as a potential therapeutic target for them. In this paper, we review the structure and biological properties of Drp1, summarize the biological processes that occur in the inflammatory response to Drp1, discuss its role in various cancers triggered by the mitochondrial pathway and investigate effective methods for targeting Drp1 in cancer treatment. We also synthesized the phenomena of Drp1 involving in the triggering of other diseases. The results discussed herein contribute to our deeper understanding of mitochondrial kinetic pathway-induced diseases and their therapeutic applications. It is critical for advancing the understanding of the mechanisms of Drp1-induced mitochondrial diseases and preventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Sun
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Gynaecology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Huhu Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghang Song
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuyao Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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2
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Bassal MA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Metabolism and Epigenetics in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:944. [PMID: 37371524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism (or energetics) and epigenetics are tightly coupled cellular processes. It is arguable that of all the described cancer hallmarks, dysregulated cellular energetics and epigenetics are the most tightly coregulated. Cellular metabolic states regulate and drive epigenetic changes while also being capable of influencing, if not driving, epigenetic reprogramming. Conversely, epigenetic changes can drive altered and compensatory metabolic states. Cancer cells meticulously modify and control each of these two linked cellular processes in order to maintain their tumorigenic potential and capacity. This review aims to explore the interplay between these two processes and discuss how each affects the other, driving and enhancing tumorigenic states in certain contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Adel Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3
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Liu J, Yang J. Mitochondria-associated membranes: A hub for neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112890. [PMID: 35367757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, organelles could coordinate complex mechanisms of signaling transduction metabolism and gene expression through their functional interactions. The functional domain between ER and mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), is closely associated with various physiological functions including intracellular lipid transport, Ca2+ transfer, mitochondria function maintenance, and autophagosome formation. In addition, more evidence suggests that MAM modulate cellular functions in health and disease. Studies have also demonstrated the association of MAM with numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, viral infection, obesity, and diabetes. In fact, recent evidence revealed a close relationship of MAM with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this view, elucidating the role of MAM in neurodegenerative diseases is particularly important. This review will focus the main tethering protein complexes of MAM and functions of MAM. Besides, the role of MAM in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases and the potential molecular mechanisms is introduced to provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, NO.77 Puhe road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, NO.77 Puhe road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Chai WN, Wu YF, Wu ZM, Xie YF, Shi QH, Dan W, Zhan Y, Zhong JJ, Tang W, Sun XC, Jiang L. Neat1 decreases neuronal apoptosis after oxygen and glucose deprivation. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:163-169. [PMID: 34100452 PMCID: PMC8451547 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that downregulation of nuclear-enriched autosomal transcript 1 (Neat1) may adversely affect the recovery of nerve function and the increased loss of hippocampal neurons in mice. Whether Neat1 has protective or inhibitory effects on neuronal cell apoptosis after secondary brain injury remains unclear. Therefore, the effects of Neat1 on neuronal apoptosis were observed. C57BL/6 primary neurons were obtained from the cortices of newborn mice and cultured in vitro, and an oxygen and glucose deprivation cell model was established to simulate the secondary brain injury that occurs after traumatic brain injury in vitro. The level of Neat1 expression in neuronal cells was regulated by constructing a recombinant adenovirus to infect neurons, and the effects of Neat1 expression on neuronal apoptosis after oxygen and glucose deprivation were observed. The experiment was divided into four groups: the control group, without any treatment, received normal culture; the oxygen and glucose deprivation group were subjected to the oxygen and glucose deprivation model protocol; the Neat1 overexpression and Neat1 downregulation groups were treated with Neat1 expression intervention techniques and were subjected to the in oxygen and glucose deprivation protocol. The protein expression levels of neurons p53-induced death domain protein 1 (PIDD1, a pro-apoptotic protein), caspase-2 (an apoptotic priming protein), cytochrome C (a pro-apoptotic protein), and cleaved caspase-3 (an apoptotic executive protein) were measured in each group using the western blot assay. To observe changes in the intracellular distribution of cytochrome C, the expression levels of cytochrome C in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of neurons from each group were detected by western blot assay. Differences in the cell viability and apoptosis rate between groups were detected by cell-counting kit 8 assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, respectively. The results showed that the apoptosis rate, PIDD1, caspase-2, and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels significantly decreased, and cell viability significantly improved in the Neat1 overexpression group compared with the oxygen and glucose deprivation group; however, Neat1 downregulation reversed these changes. Compared with the Neat1 downregulation group, the cytosolic cytochrome C level in the Neat1 overexpression group significantly decreased, and the mitochondrial cytochrome C level significantly increased. These data indicate that Neat1 upregulation can reduce the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm by inhibiting the PIDD1-caspase-2 pathway, reducing the activation of caspase-3, and preventing neuronal apoptosis after oxygen and glucose deprivation, which might reduce secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury. All experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China, on December 19, 2020 (approval No. 2020-895).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Feng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-Hong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Mahajan M, Bharambe N, Shang Y, Lu B, Mandal A, Madan Mohan P, Wang R, Boatz JC, Manuel Martinez Galvez J, Shnyrova AV, Qi X, Buck M, van der Wel PCA, Ramachandran R. NMR identification of a conserved Drp1 cardiolipin-binding motif essential for stress-induced mitochondrial fission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023079118. [PMID: 34261790 PMCID: PMC8307854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023079118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form tubular networks that undergo coordinated cycles of fission and fusion. Emerging evidence suggests that a direct yet unresolved interaction of the mechanoenzymatic GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) with mitochondrial outer membrane-localized cardiolipin (CL), externalized under stress conditions including mitophagy, catalyzes essential mitochondrial hyperfragmentation. Here, using a comprehensive set of structural, biophysical, and cell biological tools, we have uncovered a CL-binding motif (CBM) conserved between the Drp1 variable domain (VD) and the unrelated ADP/ATP carrier (AAC/ANT) that intercalates into the membrane core to effect specific CL interactions. CBM mutations that weaken VD-CL interactions manifestly impair Drp1-dependent fission under stress conditions and induce "donut" mitochondria formation. Importantly, VD membrane insertion and GTP-dependent conformational rearrangements mediate only transient CL nonbilayer topological forays and high local membrane constriction, indicating that Drp1-CL interactions alone are insufficient for fission. Our studies establish the structural and mechanistic bases of Drp1-CL interactions in stress-induced mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Mahajan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nikhil Bharambe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Yutong Shang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Pooja Madan Mohan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Rihua Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jennifer C Boatz
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Juan Manuel Martinez Galvez
- Instituto Biofisika and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Anna V Shnyrova
- Instituto Biofisika and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Matthias Buck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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6
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Increases DRP1 Levels and Promotes Mitochondrial Fission. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051202. [PMID: 34068960 PMCID: PMC8156392 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the heart, mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for sustaining normal function and optimal responses to metabolic and environmental stressors. Mitochondrial fusion and fission are thought to be necessary for maintaining a robust population of mitochondria, and disruptions in mitochondrial fission and/or fusion can lead to cellular dysfunction. The dynamin-related protein (DRP1) is an important mediator of mitochondrial fission. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of the micronutrient retinoid all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the mitochondrial structure in vivo and in vitro using Western blot, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy, as well as mitochondrial network quantification using stochastic modeling. Our results showed that ATRA increases DRP1 protein levels, increases the localization of DRP1 to mitochondria in isolated mitochondrial preparations. Our results also suggested that ATRA remodels the mitochondrial ultrastructure where the mitochondrial area and perimeter were decreased and the circularity was increased. Microscopically, mitochondrial network remodeling is driven by an increased rate of fission over fusion events in ATRA, as suggested by our numerical modeling. In conclusion, ATRA results in a pharmacologically mediated increase in the DRP1 protein. It also results in the modulation of cardiac mitochondria by promoting fission events, altering the mitochondrial network, and modifying the ultrastructure of mitochondria in the heart.
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7
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Viral Infection Modulates Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084260. [PMID: 33923929 PMCID: PMC8073244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles involved in metabolism and programmed cell death in eukaryotic cells. In addition, mitochondria are also closely related to the innate immunity of host cells against viruses. The abnormality of mitochondrial morphology and function might lead to a variety of diseases. A large number of studies have found that a variety of viral infections could change mitochondrial dynamics, mediate mitochondria-induced cell death, and alter the mitochondrial metabolic status and cellular innate immune response to maintain intracellular survival. Meanwhile, mitochondria can also play an antiviral role during viral infection, thereby protecting the host. Therefore, mitochondria play an important role in the interaction between the host and the virus. Herein, we summarize how viral infections affect microbial pathogenesis by altering mitochondrial morphology and function and how viruses escape the host immune response.
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8
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Sharma G, Pfeffer G, Shutt TE. Genetic Neuropathy Due to Impairments in Mitochondrial Dynamics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:268. [PMID: 33810506 PMCID: PMC8066130 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles capable of fusing, dividing, and moving about the cell. These properties are especially important in neurons, which in addition to high energy demand, have unique morphological properties with long axons. Notably, mitochondrial dysfunction causes a variety of neurological disorders including peripheral neuropathy, which is linked to impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Nonetheless, exactly why peripheral neurons are especially sensitive to impaired mitochondrial dynamics remains somewhat enigmatic. Although the prevailing view is that longer peripheral nerves are more sensitive to the loss of mitochondrial motility, this explanation is insufficient. Here, we review pathogenic variants in proteins mediating mitochondrial fusion, fission and transport that cause peripheral neuropathy. In addition to highlighting other dynamic processes that are impacted in peripheral neuropathies, we focus on impaired mitochondrial quality control as a potential unifying theme for why mitochondrial dysfunction and impairments in mitochondrial dynamics in particular cause peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Child Health Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
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9
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Praharaj PP, Patro BS, Bhutia SK. Dysregulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in cancer stem cells: Novel mechanism for anti-cancer stem cell-targeted cancer therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:5015-5035. [PMID: 33527371 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential of cancer medicine, cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated with chemoresistance and disease recurrence are the significant challenges currently opposing the efficacy of available cancer treatment options. Mitochondrial dynamics involving the fission-fusion cycle and mitophagy are the major contributing factors to better adaptation, enabling CSCs to survive and grow better under tumour micro-environment-associated stress. Moreover, mitophagy is balanced with mitochondrial biogenesis to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in CSCs, which are necessary for the growth and maintenance of CSCs and regulate metabolic switching from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we discuss different aspects of mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis and their effects on modulating CSCs behaviour during cancer development. Moreover, the efficacy of pharmacological targeting of these cellular processes using anti-CSC drugs in combination with currently available chemotherapeutic drugs improves the patient's survival of aggressive cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | | | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
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10
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Ren Z, Zhang X, Ding T, Zhong Z, Hu H, Xu Z, Deng J. Mitochondrial Dynamics Imbalance: A Strategy for Promoting Viral Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1992. [PMID: 32973718 PMCID: PMC7472841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that maintain the dynamic balance of split-fusion via kinetic proteins. This maintains the stability of their morphological functions. This dynamic balance is highly susceptible to various stress environments, including viral infection. After viral infection, the dynamic balance of the host cell mitochondria is disturbed, affecting the processes of energy generation, metabolism, and innate immunity. This creates an intracellular environment that is conducive to viral proliferation and begins the process of its own infection and causes further damage to the body. Herein, we discuss the mechanism of the virus-induced mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and its subsequent effects on the body, which will help to improve our understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and viral infection and its importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Hu
- The College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Geto Z, Molla MD, Challa F, Belay Y, Getahun T. Mitochondrial Dynamic Dysfunction as a Main Triggering Factor for Inflammation Associated Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:97-107. [PMID: 32110085 PMCID: PMC7034420 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s232009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with highly dynamic ultrastructure maintained by flexible fusion and fission rates governed by Guanosine Triphosphatases (GTPases) dependent proteins. Balanced control of mitochondrial quality control is crucial for maintaining cellular energy and metabolic homeostasis; however, dysfunction of the dynamics of fusion and fission causes loss of integrity and functions with the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and mitochondrial deoxyribose nucleic acid (mtDNA) that can halt energy production and induce oxidative stress. Mitochondrial derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) can mediate redox signaling or, in excess, causing activation of inflammatory proteins and further exacerbate mitochondrial deterioration and oxidative stress. ROS have a deleterious effect on many cellular components, including lipids, proteins, both nuclear and mtDNA and cell membrane lipids producing the net result of the accumulation of damage associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) capable of activating pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface and in the cytoplasm of immune cells. Chronic inflammation due to oxidative damage is thought to trigger numerous chronic diseases including cardiac, liver and kidney disorders, neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease), cardiovascular diseases/atherosclerosis, obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeleke Geto
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Feyissa Challa
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Belay
- National Reference Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Getahun
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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12
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Feng ST, Wang ZZ, Yuan YH, Wang XL, Sun HM, Chen NH, Zhang Y. Dynamin-related protein 1: A protein critical for mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, and neuronal death in Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Agrawal A, Ramachandran R. Exploring the links between lipid geometry and mitochondrial fission: Emerging concepts. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:305-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Mitochondria and the Brain: Bioenergetics and Beyond. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:219-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Ganesan V, Willis SD, Chang KT, Beluch S, Cooper KF, Strich R. Cyclin C directly stimulates Drp1 GTP affinity to mediate stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfission. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:302-311. [PMID: 30516433 PMCID: PMC6589575 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-07-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria exist in an equilibrium between fragmented and fused states that shifts heavily toward fission in response to cellular damage. Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic cyclin C relocalization is essential for dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)–dependent mitochondrial fission in response to oxidative stress. This study finds that cyclin C directly interacts with the Drp1 GTPase domain, increases its affinity to GTP, and stimulates GTPase activity in vitro. In addition, the cyclin C domain that binds Drp1 is contained within the non–Cdk binding second cyclin box domain common to all cyclin family members. This interaction is important, as this domain is sufficient to induce mitochondrial fission when expressed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts in the absence of additional stress signals. Using gel filtration chromatography and negative stain electron microscopy, we found that cyclin C interaction changes the geometry of Drp1 oligomers in vitro. High–molecular weight low–GTPase activity oligomers in the form of short filaments and rings were diminished, while dimers and elongated filaments were observed. Our results support a model in which cyclin C binding stimulates the reduction of low–GTPase activity Drp1 oligomers into dimers capable of producing high–GTPase activity filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyaramanan Ganesan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084
| | - Stephen D Willis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084
| | - Kai-Ti Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084
| | - Samuel Beluch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Katrina F Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084
| | - Randy Strich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084
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16
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Zhu T, Chen JL, Wang Q, Shao W, Qi B. Modulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Insight Into Prion Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:336. [PMID: 30455640 PMCID: PMC6230661 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common and prominent feature of prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly fuse with one another and subsequently break apart. Defective or superfluous mitochondria are usually eliminated by a form of autophagy, referred to as mitophagy, to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial dynamics are tightly regulated by processes including fusion and fission. Dysfunction of mitochondrial dynamics can lead to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria and contribute to cellular damage. Neurons are among the cell types that consume the most energy, have a highly complex morphology, and are particularly dependent on mitochondrial functions and dynamics. In this review article, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial dynamics and the regulation of mitophagy and discuss the dysfunction of these processes in the progression of prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders. We have also provided an overview of mitochondrial dynamics as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingsen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baomin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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17
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Salazar C, Ruiz-Hincapie P, Ruiz LM. The Interplay among PINK1/PARKIN/Dj-1 Network during Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cancer Biology: Protein Interaction Analysis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100154. [PMID: 30274236 PMCID: PMC6210981 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PARKIN (E3 ubiquitin ligase PARK2), PINK1 (PTEN induced kinase 1) and DJ-1 (PARK7) are proteins involved in autosomal recessive parkinsonism, and carcinogenic processes. In damaged mitochondria, PINK1’s importing into the inner mitochondrial membrane is prevented, PARKIN presents a partial mitochondrial localization at the outer mitochondrial membrane and DJ-1 relocates to mitochondria when oxidative stress increases. Depletion of these proteins result in abnormal mitochondrial morphology. PINK1, PARKIN, and DJ-1 participate in mitochondrial remodeling and actively regulate mitochondrial quality control. In this review, we highlight that PARKIN, PINK1, and DJ-1 should be regarded as having an important role in Cancer Biology. The STRING database and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed to consolidate knowledge of well-known protein interactions for PINK1, PARKIN, and DJ-1 and envisage new ones. The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways showed that the PINK1/PARKIN/DJ-1 network resulted in Parkinson disease as the main feature, while the protein DJ-1 showed enrichment in prostate cancer and p53 signaling pathway. Some predicted transcription factors regulating PINK1, PARK2 (PARKIN) and PARK7 (DJ-1) gene expression are related to cell cycle control. We can therefore suggest that the interplay among PINK1/PARKIN/DJ-1 network during mitochondrial quality control in cancer biology may occur at the transcriptional level. Further analysis, like a systems biology approach, will be helpful in the understanding of PINK1/PARKIN/DJ-1 network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile.
| | - Paula Ruiz-Hincapie
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL 10 9AB, UK.
| | - Lina María Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile.
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18
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Liu J, Lee I, Feng HZ, Galen SS, Hüttemann PP, Perkins GA, Jin JP, Hüttemann M, Malek MH. Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1391-1403. [PMID: 29309390 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liu, J, Lee, I, Feng, H-Z, Galen, SS, Hüttemann, PP, Perkins, GA, Jin, J-P, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Aerobic exercise preconception and during pregnancy enhances oxidative capacity in the hindlimb muscles of mice offspring. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1391-1403, 2018-Little is known about the effect of maternal exercise on offspring skeletal muscle health. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether maternal exercise (preconception and during pregnancy) alters offspring skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial biogenesis. We hypothesized that offspring from exercised dams would have higher capillarity and mitochondrial density in the hindlimb muscles compared with offspring from sedentary dams. Female mice in the exercise condition had access to a running wheel in their individual cage 30 days before mating and throughout pregnancy, whereas the sedentary group did not have access to the running wheel before mating and during pregnancy. Male offspring from both groups were killed when they were 2 months old, and their tissues were analyzed. The results indicated no significant (p > 0.05) mean differences for capillarity density, capillarity-to-fiber ratio, or regulators of angiogenesis such as VEGF-A and TSP-1. Compared with offspring from sedentary dams, however, offspring from exercised dams had an increase in protein expression of myosin heavy chain type I (MHC I) (∼134%; p = 0.009), but no change in MHC II. For mitochondrial morphology, we found significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0124) increases in mitochondrial volume density (∼55%) and length (∼18%) as well as mitochondria per unit area (∼19%). For mitochondrial enzymes, there were also significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0058) increases in basal citrate synthase (∼79%) and cytochrome c oxidase activity (∼67%) in the nonoxidative muscle fibers as well as increases in basal (ATP) (∼52%). Last, there were also significant mean differences in protein expression for regulators (FIS1, Lon protease, and TFAM) of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that maternal exercise before and during pregnancy enhances offspring skeletal muscle mitochondria functionality, but not capillarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Zhong Feng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sujay S Galen
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philipp P Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - J-P Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Moh H Malek
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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19
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Lu B, Kennedy B, Clinton RW, Wang EJ, McHugh D, Stepanyants N, Macdonald PJ, Mears JA, Qi X, Ramachandran R. Steric interference from intrinsically disordered regions controls dynamin-related protein 1 self-assembly during mitochondrial fission. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10879. [PMID: 30022112 PMCID: PMC6051998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembling, mechanoenzymatic dynamin superfamily GTPase, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), catalyzes mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Distinct intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in Drp1 substitute for the canonical pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and proline-rich domain (PRD) of prototypical dynamin, which cooperatively regulate endocytic vesicle scission. Whether the Drp1 IDRs function analogously to the corresponding dynamin domains however remains unknown. We show that an IDR unique to the Drp1 GTPase (G) domain, the 'extended 80-loop', albeit dissimilar in location, structure, and mechanism, functions akin to the dynamin PRD by enabling stable Drp1 mitochondrial recruitment and by suppressing Drp1 cooperative GTPase activity in the absence of specific partner-protein interactions. Correspondingly, we find that another IDR, the Drp1 variable domain (VD), in conjunction with the conserved stalk L1N loop, functions akin to the dynamin PH domain; first, in an 'auto-inhibitory' capacity that restricts Drp1 activity through a long-range steric inhibition of helical inter-rung G-domain dimerization, and second, as a 'fulcrum' for Drp1 self-assembly in the proper helical register. We show that the Drp1 VD is necessary and sufficient for specific Drp1-phospholipid interactions. We further demonstrate that the membrane-dependent VD conformational rearrangement essential for the alleviation of Drp1 auto-inhibition is contingent upon the basal GTP hydrolysis-dependent generation of Drp1 dimers from oligomers in solution. IDRs thus conformationally couple the enzymatic and membrane activities of Drp1 toward membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bridget Kennedy
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ryan W Clinton
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Emily Jue Wang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Daniel McHugh
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Natalia Stepanyants
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Patrick J Macdonald
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jason A Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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20
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Tanwar DK, Parker DJ, Gupta P, Spurlock B, Alvarez RD, Basu MK, Mitra K. Crosstalk between the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1, and the cell cycle is identified across various cancer types and can impact survival of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60021-60037. [PMID: 27509055 PMCID: PMC5312366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of tumorigenesis. Although mitochondrial function can impact cell cycle regulation it has been an understudied area in cancer research. Our study highlights a specific involvement of mitochondria in cell cycle regulation across cancer types. The mitochondrial fission process, which is regulated at the core by Drp1, impacts various cellular functions. Drp1 has been implicated in various cancer types with no common mechanism reported. Our Drp1-directed large-scale analyses of the publically available cancer genomes reveal a robust correlation of Drp1 with cell-cycle genes in 29 of the 31 cancer types examined. Hypothesis driven investigation on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) revealed that Drp1 co-expresses specifically with the cell-cycle module responsible for mitotic transition. Repression of Drp1 in EOC cells can specifically attenuate mitotic transition, establishing a potential casual role of Drp1 in mitotic transition. Interestingly, Drp1-Cell-Cycle co-expression module is specifically detected in primary epithelial ovarian tumors that robustly responded to chemotherapy, suggesting that Drp1 driven mitosis may underlie chemo-sensitivity of the primary tumors. Analyses of matched primary and relapsed EOC samples revealed a Drp1-based-gene-expression-signature that could identify patients with poor survival probabilities from their primary tumors. Our results imply that around 60% of platinum-sensitive EOC patients undergoing relapse show poor survival, potentially due to further activation of a mitochondria driven cell-cycle regime in their recurrent disease. We speculate that this patient group could possibly benefit from mitochondria directed therapies that are being currently evaluated at various levels, thus enabling targeted or personalized therapy based cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Tanwar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Danitra J Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brian Spurlock
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ronald D Alvarez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Malay Kumar Basu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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21
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Li C, Wang D, Wu W, Yang W, Ali Shah SZ, Zhao Y, Duan Y, Wang L, Zhou X, Zhao D, Yang L. DLP1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and redistribution mediate prion-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29166700 PMCID: PMC5771399 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction is a universal and critical step in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases including prion diseases. Dynamin-like protein 1 (DLP1) is one of the key regulators of mitochondrial fission. In this study, we investigated the role of DLP1 in mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in neurons using in vitro and in vivo prion disease models. Mitochondria became fragmented and redistributed from axons to soma, correlated with increased mitochondrial DLP1 expression in murine primary neurons (N2a cells) treated with the prion peptide PrP106-126 in vitro as well as in prion strain-infected hamster brain in vivo. Suppression of DLP1 expression by DPL1 RNAi inhibited prion-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction (measured by ADP/ATP ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial integrity). We also demonstrated that DLP1 RNAi is neuroprotective against prion peptide in N2a cells as shown by improved cell viability and decreased apoptosis markers, caspase 3 induced by PrP106-126 . On the contrary, overexpression of DLP1 exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Moreover, inhibition of DLP1 expression ameliorated PrP106-126 -induced neurite loss and synaptic abnormalities (i.e., loss of dendritic spine and PSD-95, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein as a marker of synaptic plasticity) in primary neurons, suggesting that altered DLP1 expression and mitochondrial fragmentation are upstream events that mediate PrP106-126 -induced neuron loss and degeneration. Our findings suggest that DLP1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and redistribution plays a pivotal role in PrPSc -associated mitochondria dysfunction and neuron apoptosis. Inhibition of DLP1 may be a novel and effective strategy in the prevention and treatment of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosi Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Di Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Wei Wu
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Wei Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yuhan Duan
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory; State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ministry of Agriculture; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
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22
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Pagliuso A, Cossart P, Stavru F. The ever-growing complexity of the mitochondrial fission machinery. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:355-374. [PMID: 28779209 PMCID: PMC5765209 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial network constantly changes and remodels its shape to face the cellular energy demand. In human cells, mitochondrial fusion is regulated by the large, evolutionarily conserved GTPases Mfn1 and Mfn2, which are embedded in the mitochondrial outer membrane, and by OPA1, embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In contrast, the soluble dynamin-related GTPase Drp1 is recruited from the cytosol to mitochondria and is key to mitochondrial fission. A number of new players have been recently involved in Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, ranging from large cellular structures such as the ER and the cytoskeleton to the surprising involvement of the endocytic dynamin 2 in the terminal abscission step. Here we review the recent findings that have expanded the mechanistic model for the mitochondrial fission process in human cells and highlight open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pagliuso
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- U604 Inserm, Paris, France
- USC2020 INRA, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- U604 Inserm, Paris, France
- USC2020 INRA, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizia Stavru
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- U604 Inserm, Paris, France.
- USC2020 INRA, Paris, France.
- SNC5101 CNRS, Paris, France.
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23
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Ji WK, Chakrabarti R, Fan X, Schoenfeld L, Strack S, Higgs HN. Receptor-mediated Drp1 oligomerization on endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4123-4139. [PMID: 29158231 PMCID: PMC5716263 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drp1 is a dynamin guanosine triphosphatase important for mitochondrial and peroxisomal division. Drp1 oligomerization and mitochondrial recruitment are regulated by multiple factors, including interaction with mitochondrial receptors such as Mff, MiD49, MiD51, and Fis. In addition, both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and actin filaments play positive roles in mitochondrial division, but mechanisms for their roles are poorly defined. Here, we find that a population of Drp1 oligomers is associated with ER in mammalian cells and is distinct from mitochondrial or peroxisomal Drp1 populations. Subpopulations of Mff and Fis1, which are tail-anchored proteins, also localize to ER. Drp1 oligomers assemble on ER, from which they can transfer to mitochondria. Suppression of Mff or inhibition of actin polymerization through the formin INF2 significantly reduces all Drp1 oligomer populations (mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and ER bound) and mitochondrial division, whereas Mff targeting to ER has a stimulatory effect on division. Our results suggest that ER can function as a platform for Drp1 oligomerization, and that ER-associated Drp1 contributes to mitochondrial division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ke Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Xintao Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Lori Schoenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver School of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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24
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Lee M, Lee EY, Lai GH, Kennedy NW, Posey AE, Xian W, Ferguson AL, Hill RB, Wong GCL. Molecular Motor Dnm1 Synergistically Induces Membrane Curvature To Facilitate Mitochondrial Fission. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:1156-1167. [PMID: 29202017 PMCID: PMC5704292 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dnm1 and Fis1 are prototypical proteins that regulate yeast mitochondrial morphology by controlling fission, the dysregulation of which can result in developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Loss of Dnm1 blocks the formation of fission complexes and leads to elongated mitochondria in the form of interconnected networks, while overproduction of Dnm1 results in excessive mitochondrial fragmentation. In the current model, Dnm1 is essentially a GTP hydrolysis-driven molecular motor that self-assembles into ring-like oligomeric structures that encircle and pinch the outer mitochondrial membrane at sites of fission. In this work, we use machine learning and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate whether the motor Dnm1 can synergistically facilitate mitochondrial fission by membrane remodeling. A support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier trained to detect sequences with membrane-restructuring activity identifies a helical Dnm1 domain capable of generating negative Gaussian curvature (NGC), the type of saddle-shaped local surface curvature found on scission necks during fission events. Furthermore, this domain is highly conserved in Dnm1 homologues with fission activity. Synchrotron SAXS measurements reveal that Dnm1 restructures membranes into phases rich in NGC, and is capable of inducing a fission neck with a diameter of 12.6 nm. Through in silico mutational analysis, we find that the helical Dnm1 domain is locally optimized for membrane curvature generation, and phylogenetic analysis suggests that dynamin superfamily proteins that are close relatives of human dynamin Dyn1 have evolved the capacity to restructure membranes via the induction of curvature mitochondrial fission. In addition, we observe that Fis1, an adaptor protein, is able to inhibit the pro-fission membrane activity of Dnm1, which points to the antagonistic roles of the two proteins in the regulation of mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle
W. Lee
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ernest Y. Lee
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ghee Hwee Lai
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nolan W. Kennedy
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Ammon E. Posey
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United
States
| | - Wujing Xian
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - R. Blake Hill
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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25
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Kraus F, Ryan MT. The constriction and scission machineries involved in mitochondrial fission. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2953-2960. [PMID: 28842472 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A key event in the evolution of eukaryotic cells was the engulfment of an aerobic bacterium by a larger anaerobic archaebacterium, leading to a close relationship between the host and the newly formed endosymbiont. Mitochondria, originating from this event, have evolved to be the main place of cellular ATP production. Maintaining elements of their independence, mitochondria undergo growth and division in the cell, thereby ensuring that new daughter cells inherit a mitochondrial complement. Mitochondrial division is also important for other processes, including quality control, mitochondrial (mt)DNA inheritance, transport and cell death. However, unlike bacterial fission, which uses a dynamin-related protein to constrict the membrane at its inner face, mitochondria use dynamin and dynamin-related proteins to constrict the outer membrane from the cytosolic face. In this Review, we summarize the role of proteins from the dynamin superfamily in mitochondrial division. This includes recent findings highlighting that dynamin-2 (Dnm2) is involved in mitochondrial scission, which led to the reappraisal of the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1; also known as Dnm1l) and its outer membrane adaptors as components of the mitochondrial constriction machinery along with ER components and actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kraus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
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Ramachandran R. Mitochondrial dynamics: The dynamin superfamily and execution by collusion. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 76:201-212. [PMID: 28754444 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Distinct dynamin superfamily GTPases catalyze the constant fission and fusion of the elaborate mitochondrial networks that navigate the eukaryotic cytoplasm. Long believed to be the singular handiwork of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a cytosolic family member that transiently localizes to the mitochondrial surface, the execution of mitochondrial fission is now arguably believed to entail membrane remodeling events that are initiated upstream of Drp1 by ER-associated cytoskeletal networks and completed downstream by the prototypical dynamin, dynamin 2 (Dyn2). Recent developments in the field have also placed a sharp focus on the membrane microenvironment around the division apparatus and the potential facilitatory role of specific lipids in mitochondrial fission. Here, I will review current progress, as well as highlight the most visible gaps in knowledge, in elucidating the varied functions of the dynamin superfamily in the coordinated events of mitochondrial fission and fusion. The essential roles of protein and lipid cofactors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4970, USA.
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The Interplay between Oncogenic Signaling Networks and Mitochondrial Dynamics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020033. [PMID: 28513539 PMCID: PMC5488013 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that alter their organization in response to a variety of cellular cues. Mitochondria are central in many biologic processes, such as cellular bioenergetics and apoptosis, and mitochondrial network morphology can contribute to those physiologic processes. Some of the biologic processes that are in part governed by mitochondria are also commonly deregulated in cancers. Furthermore, patient tumor samples from a variety of cancers have revealed that mitochondrial dynamics machinery may be deregulated in tumors. In this review, we will discuss how commonly mutated oncogenes and their downstream effector pathways regulate the mitochondrial dynamics machinery to promote changes in mitochondrial morphology as well as the physiologic consequences of altered mitochondrial morphology for tumorigenic growth.
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Luévano-Martínez LA, Forni MF, Peloggia J, Watanabe IS, Kowaltowski AJ. Calorie restriction promotes cardiolipin biosynthesis and distribution between mitochondrial membranes. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Autophagy by the Mitochondria-Associated Membrane. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 997:33-47. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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N-Myc overexpression increases cisplatin resistance in neuroblastoma via deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16082. [PMID: 28028439 PMCID: PMC5149579 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Myc is a global transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in a number of essential cellular processes including: ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle and apoptosis. Upon deregulation, N-Myc can drive pathologic expression of many of these genes, which ultimately defines its oncogenic potential. Overexpression of N-Myc has been demonstrated to contribute to tumorigenesis, most notably for the pediatric tumor, neuroblastoma. Herein, we provide evidence that deregulated N-Myc alters the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. We found that N-Myc overexpression leads to increased fusion of the mitochondrial reticulum secondary to changes in protein expression due to aberrant transcriptional and post-translational regulation. We believe the structural changes in the mitochondrial network in response to N-Myc amplification in neuroblastoma contributes to two important aspects of tumor development and maintenance—bioenergetic alterations and apoptotic resistance. Specifically, we found that N-Myc overexpressing cells are resistant to programmed cell death in response to exposure to low doses of cisplatin, and demonstrated that this was dependent on increased mitochondrial fusion. We speculate that these changes in mitochondrial structure and function may contribute significantly to the aggressive clinical ph9enotype of N-Myc amplified neuroblastoma.
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Tucker KR, Cavolo SL, Levitan ES. Elevated mitochondria-coupled NAD(P)H in endoplasmic reticulum of dopamine neurons. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3214-3220. [PMID: 27582392 PMCID: PMC5170855 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridine nucleotides are redox coenzymes that are critical in bioenergetics, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Here we use brain slice multiphoton microscopy to show that substantia nigra dopamine neurons, which are sensitive to stress in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), display elevated combined NADH and NADPH (i.e., NAD(P)H) autofluorescence. Despite limited mitochondrial mass, organellar NAD(P)H is extensive because much of the signal is derived from the ER. Remarkably, even though pyridine nucleotides cannot cross mitochondrial and ER membranes, inhibiting mitochondrial function with an uncoupler or interrupting the electron transport chain with cyanide (CN-) alters ER NAD(P)H. The ER CN- response can occur without a change in nuclear NAD(P)H, raising the possibility of redox shuttling via the cytoplasm locally between neuronal mitochondria and the ER. We propose that coregulation of NAD(P)H in dopamine neuron mitochondria and ER coordinates cell redox stress signaling by the two organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal R Tucker
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Samantha L Cavolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Edwin S Levitan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Haroon S, Vermulst M. Linking mitochondrial dynamics to mitochondrial protein quality control. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 38:68-74. [PMID: 27235806 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, countless discoveries have been made that have expanded our knowledge of mitochondrial biology, and more often than not, these discoveries provided fascinating new insights into the etiology of human disease. For example, advances in mitochondrial genetics exposed the role of mitochondrial mutations in cancer progression, and the discovery of mitophagy highlighted the role of mitochondrial quality control in Parkinson's disease. Additional discoveries underscored the importance of the mTor pathway in aging and disease, and more recently, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response was implicated in the regulation of mammalian lifespan. Some of the most fundamental discoveries though, were made in the context of mitochondrial fusion and fission. The balance between these two opposing forces shapes the mitochondrial population in our cells, and influences mitochondrial function at every level. Here, we highlight the basic biology that underlies mitochondrial fusion and fission, explain how these processes promote human health by solving a problem that is innate to multifarious organelles, and make a novel prediction: that fusion and fission are intimately linked to mitochondrial protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Haroon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marc Vermulst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Osellame LD, Singh AP, Stroud DA, Palmer CS, Stojanovski D, Ramachandran R, Ryan MT. Cooperative and independent roles of the Drp1 adaptors Mff, MiD49 and MiD51 in mitochondrial fission. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2170-81. [PMID: 27076521 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1, also known as DNM1L) is required for both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Drp1-dependent division of these organelles is facilitated by a number of adaptor proteins at mitochondrial and peroxisomal surfaces. To investigate the interplay of these adaptor proteins, we used gene-editing technology to create a suite of cell lines lacking the adaptors MiD49 (also known as MIEF2), MiD51 (also known as MIEF1), Mff and Fis1. Increased mitochondrial connectivity was observed following loss of individual adaptors, and this was further enhanced following the combined loss of MiD51 and Mff. Moreover, loss of adaptors also conferred increased resistance of cells to intrinsic apoptotic stimuli, with MiD49 and MiD51 showing the more prominent role. Using a proximity-based biotin labeling approach, we found close associations between MiD51, Mff and Drp1, but not Fis1. Furthermore, we found that MiD51 can suppress Mff-dependent enhancement of Drp1 GTPase activity. Our data indicates that Mff and MiD51 regulate Drp1 in specific ways to promote mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Osellame
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Abeer P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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Ji WK, Hatch AL, Merrill RA, Strack S, Higgs HN. Actin filaments target the oligomeric maturation of the dynamin GTPase Drp1 to mitochondrial fission sites. eLife 2015; 4:e11553. [PMID: 26609810 PMCID: PMC4755738 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the dynamin GTPase Drp1 plays a critical role during mitochondrial fission, mechanisms controlling its recruitment to fission sites are unclear. A current assumption is that cytosolic Drp1 is recruited directly to fission sites immediately prior to fission. Using live-cell microscopy, we find evidence for a different model, progressive maturation of Drp1 oligomers on mitochondria through incorporation of smaller mitochondrially-bound Drp1 units. Maturation of a stable Drp1 oligomer does not forcibly lead to fission. Drp1 oligomers also translocate directionally along mitochondria. Ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, causes rapid mitochondrial accumulation of actin filaments followed by Drp1 accumulation at the fission site, and increases fission rate. Inhibiting actin polymerization, myosin IIA, or the formin INF2 reduces both un-stimulated and ionomycin-induced Drp1 accumulation and mitochondrial fission. Actin filaments bind purified Drp1 and increase GTPase activity in a manner that is synergistic with the mitochondrial protein Mff, suggesting a role for direct Drp1/actin interaction. We propose that Drp1 is in dynamic equilibrium on mitochondria in a fission-independent manner, and that fission factors such as actin filaments target productive oligomerization to fission sites. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11553.001 Inside cells, structures called mitochondria supply the energy needed to carry out the processes that sustain life. Mitochondria constantly divide (a process known as fission) or fuse together, which helps to keep them in good working condition and well distributed around the cell. Several neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s, are associated with problems that affect mitochondrial fission. Many different molecules work together to help mitochondria divide, including a protein called Drp1. A number of Drp1 molecules can associate with each other to form an “oligomer” in the shape of a ring around a mitochondrion. The ring then constricts to split the mitochondrion in two. It is often assumed that Drp1 molecules are recruited to the mitochondria immediately before fission and then form the oligomer ring. However, by using microscopy to track the movement of fluorescently labeled Drp1 molecules in human cells, Ji, Hatch et al. now suggest that Drp1 is continuously binding to and releasing from mitochondria, regardless of the need for fission. The experiments showed that when bound to surface of the mitochondrion, Drp1 switches between assembling and disassembling the oligomer ring. This process of Drp1 assembly and oligomerization on mitochondria is called maturation. Specific signals for fission can push Drp1 toward maturation, which then leads to fission. Ji, Hatch et al. found that one such signal is the assembly of filaments of a protein called actin. Preventing actin filaments from forming reduced the amount of Drp1 that accumulated at mitochondria, and resulted in the mitochondria dividing less frequently. Further biochemical experiments also revealed that actin interacts directly with Drp1 and stimulates Drp1 activity, helping the ring to organize and assist mitochondrial fission. The formation of actin filaments is not the only mechanism that can recruit Drp1 to mitochondria. Future work should investigate whether other mechanisms work with actin to recruit Drp1. As with actin filaments, other signals might be predicted to influence the balance of maturation and disassembly of Drp1 oligomers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11553.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-ke Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, United States
| | - Anna L Hatch
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, United States
| | - Ronald A Merrill
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, United States
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Macdonald PJ, Francy CA, Stepanyants N, Lehman L, Baglio A, Mears JA, Qi X, Ramachandran R. Distinct Splice Variants of Dynamin-related Protein 1 Differentially Utilize Mitochondrial Fission Factor as an Effector of Cooperative GTPase Activity. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:493-507. [PMID: 26578513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.680181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple isoforms of the mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) arise from the alternative splicing of its single gene-encoded pre-mRNA transcript. Among these, the longer Drp1 isoforms, expressed selectively in neurons, bear unique polypeptide sequences within their GTPase and variable domains, known as the A-insert and the B-insert, respectively. Their functions remain unresolved. A comparison of the various biochemical and biophysical properties of the neuronally expressed isoforms with that of the ubiquitously expressed, and shortest, Drp1 isoform (Drp1-short) has revealed the effect of these inserts on Drp1 function. Utilizing various biochemical, biophysical, and cellular approaches, we find that the A- and B-inserts distinctly alter the oligomerization propensity of Drp1 in solution as well as the preferred curvature of helical Drp1 self-assembly on membranes. Consequently, these sequences also suppress Drp1 cooperative GTPase activity. Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), a tail-anchored membrane protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane that recruits Drp1 to sites of ensuing fission, differentially stimulates the disparate Drp1 isoforms and alleviates the autoinhibitory effect imposed by these sequences on Drp1 function. Moreover, the differential stimulatory effects of Mff on Drp1 isoforms are dependent on the mitochondrial lipid, cardiolipin (CL). Although Mff stimulation of the intrinsically cooperative Drp1-short isoform is relatively modest, CL-independent, and even counter-productive at high CL concentrations, Mff stimulation of the much less cooperative longest Drp1 isoform (Drp1-long) is robust and occurs synergistically with increasing CL content. Thus, membrane-anchored Mff differentially regulates various Drp1 isoforms by functioning as an allosteric effector of cooperative GTPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A Francy
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | | | - Lance Lehman
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics
| | | | - Jason A Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Xin Qi
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, and
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Bertholet AM, Delerue T, Millet AM, Moulis MF, David C, Daloyau M, Arnauné-Pelloquin L, Davezac N, Mils V, Miquel MC, Rojo M, Belenguer P. Mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics in neurodegeneration and neuronal plasticity. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 90:3-19. [PMID: 26494254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continually move, fuse and divide. The dynamic balance of fusion and fission of mitochondria determines their morphology and allows their immediate adaptation to energetic needs, keeps mitochondria in good health by restoring or removing damaged organelles or precipitates cells in apoptosis in cases of severe defects. Mitochondrial fusion and fission are essential in mammals and their disturbances are associated with several diseases. However, while mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics, and the proteins that control these processes, are ubiquitous, associated diseases are primarily neurological disorders. Accordingly, inactivation of the main actors of mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics is associated with defects in neuronal development, plasticity and functioning, both ex vivo and in vivo. Here, we present the central actors of mitochondrial fusion and fission and review the role of mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal physiology and pathophysiology. Particular emphasis is placed on the three main actors of these processes i.e. DRP1,MFN1-2, and OPA1 as well as on GDAP1, a protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane preferentially expressed in neurons. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondria & Brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bertholet
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - T Delerue
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - A M Millet
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M F Moulis
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - C David
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Daloyau
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - L Arnauné-Pelloquin
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - N Davezac
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - V Mils
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M C Miquel
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Rojo
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France.
| | - P Belenguer
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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Stepanyants N, Macdonald PJ, Francy CA, Mears JA, Qi X, Ramachandran R. Cardiolipin's propensity for phase transition and its reorganization by dynamin-related protein 1 form a basis for mitochondrial membrane fission. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3104-16. [PMID: 26157169 PMCID: PMC4551322 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid cardiolipin (CL) promotes self-assembly of Drp1, a dynamin-family GTPase involved in mitochondrial fission. Drp1 sequesters CL into condensed membrane platforms and in a GTP-dependent manner increases the propensity of the lipid to undergo a nonbilayer phase transition. CL reorganization generates local membrane constriction for fission. Cardiolipin (CL) is an atypical, dimeric phospholipid essential for mitochondrial dynamics in eukaryotic cells. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a cytosolic member of the dynamin superfamily of large GTPases, interacts with CL and functions to sustain the balance of mitochondrial division and fusion by catalyzing mitochondrial fission. Although recent studies have indicated a role for CL in stimulating Drp1 self-assembly and GTPase activity at the membrane surface, the mechanism by which CL functions in membrane fission, if at all, remains unclear. Here, using a variety of fluorescence spectroscopic and imaging approaches together with model membranes, we demonstrate that Drp1 and CL function cooperatively in effecting membrane constriction toward fission in three distinct steps. These involve 1) the preferential association of Drp1 with CL localized at a high spatial density in the membrane bilayer, 2) the reorganization of unconstrained, fluid-phase CL molecules in concert with Drp1 self-assembly, and 3) the increased propensity of CL to transition from a lamellar, bilayer arrangement to an inverted hexagonal, nonbilayer configuration in the presence of Drp1 and GTP, resulting in the creation of localized membrane constrictions that are primed for fission. Thus we propose that Drp1 and CL function in concert to catalyze mitochondrial division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stepanyants
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Patrick J Macdonald
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Christopher A Francy
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jason A Mears
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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