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Nejad FM, Mohammadabadi M, Roudbari Z, Gorji AE, Sadkowski T. Network visualization of genes involved in skeletal muscle myogenesis in livestock animals. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:294. [PMID: 38504177 PMCID: PMC10953195 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle growth post-birth relies on muscle fiber number and size. Myofibre number, metabolic and contractile capacities are established pre-birth during prenatal myogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify genes involved in skeletal muscle development in cattle, sheep, and pigs - livestock. RESULTS The cattle analysis showed significant differences in 5043 genes during the 135-280 dpc period. In sheep, 444 genes differed significantly during the 70-120 dpc period. Pigs had 905 significantly different genes for the 63-91 dpc period.The biological processes and KEGG pathway enrichment results in each species individually indicated that DEGs in cattle were significantly enriched in regulation of cell proliferation, cell division, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt, PPAR, MAPK, AMPK, Ras, Rap1); in sheep - positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation, negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, insulin resistance, and signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, prolactin, Rap1, PPAR); in pigs - regulation of striated muscle tissue development, collagen fibril organization, positive regulation of insulin secretion, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and signaling pathways (PPAR, FoxO, HIF-1, AMPK). Among the DEGs common for studied animal species, 45 common genes were identified. Based on these, a protein-protein interaction network was created and three significant modules critical for skeletal muscle myogenesis were found, with the most significant module A containing four recognized hub genes - EGFR, VEGFA, CDH1, and CAV1. Using the miRWALK and TF2DNA databases, miRNAs (bta-miR-2374 and bta-miR-744) and transcription factors (CEBPB, KLF15, RELA, ZNF143, ZBTB48, and REST) associated with hub genes were detected. Analysis of GO term and KEGG pathways showed that such processes are related to myogenesis and associated with module A: positive regulation of MAP kinase activity, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor binding, focal adhesion, and signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, Rap1, Ras, MAPK). CONCLUSIONS The identified genes, common to the prenatal developmental period of skeletal muscle in livestock, are critical for later muscle development, including its growth by hypertrophy. They regulate valuable economic characteristics. Enhancing and breeding animals according to the recognized genes seems essential for breeders to achieve superior gains in high-quality muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Roudbari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Abdolvahab Ebrahimpour Gorji
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sadkowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Cid-Díaz T, Leal-López S, Fernández-Barreiro F, González-Sánchez J, Santos-Zas I, Andrade-Bulos LJ, Rodríguez-Fuentes ME, Mosteiro CS, Mouly V, Casabiell X, Relova JL, Pazos Y, Camiña JP. Obestatin signalling counteracts glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via NEDD4/KLF15 axis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:493-505. [PMID: 33687156 PMCID: PMC8061369 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A therapeutic approach for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy should be based on the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms determining the unbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes and how to re-establish this balance. Here, we investigated whether the obestatin/GPR39 system, an autocrine signalling system acting on myogenesis and with anabolic effects on the skeletal muscle, could protect against chronic glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. METHODS In this study, we used an in vivo model of muscle atrophy induced by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone to examine the liaison molecules that define the interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and the obestatin/GPR39 systems. The findings were extended to in vitro effects on human atrophy using human KM155C25 myotubes. RESULTS KLF15 and FoxO transcription factors were identified as direct targets of obestatin signalling in the control of proteostasis in skeletal muscle. The KLF15-triggered gene expression program, including atrogenes and FoxOs, was regulated via KLF15 ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4. Additionally, a specific pattern of FoxO post-translational modification, including FoxO4 phosphorylation by Akt pathway, was critical in the regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The functional cooperativity between Akt and NEDD4 in the regulation of FoxO and KLF15 provides integrated cues to counteract muscle proteostasis and re-establish protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The effective control of FoxO activity in response to glucocorticoid is critical to counteract muscle-related pathologies. These results highlight the potential of the obestatin/GPR39 system to fine-tune the effects of glucocorticoids on skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Cid-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Saúl Leal-López
- Laboratorio de Patología Digestiva, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fátima Fernández-Barreiro
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jessica González-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Icía Santos-Zas
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center-PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 970, Paris, France
| | - Luis J Andrade-Bulos
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel E Rodríguez-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos S Mosteiro
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Xesús Casabiell
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Relova
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- Laboratorio de Patología Digestiva, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesus P Camiña
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Concurrent Akt, ERK1/2 and AMPK Activation by Obestatin Inhibits Apoptotic Signaling Cascades on Nutrient-Deprived PC12 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1607-1614. [PMID: 33400083 PMCID: PMC9142446 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeting apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra is a rational therapeutic approach for restricting cerebral infarct volume after clinical stroke. The present work explored the capability of the obestatin peptide, as a novel approach to inhibit apoptotic signaling cascades on PC12 cells. According to the results, obestatin treatment significantly reduced nutrient deprivation-induced apoptotic cell death. The protective effects were related to the regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein, BCL-2, and the apoptotic protein caspase-3. This encompasses the control of apoptosis by the interplay between Akt, ERK1/2 and AMPK signaling pathways. The activation of Akt and AMPK was concomitant with the phosphorylation of their downstream targets, GSK3 and ACC, respectively. Besides, obestatin also causes FoxO1 nuclear export supporting the prevention of the apoptosome formation. The concurrent activation of Akt and AMPK by obestatin via the GPR39 receptor, supports a role for this system in the balance concerning the catabolic and the anabolic signaling to sustain cellular function and viability. Furthermore, these results provide both an insight into how the obestatin/GPR39 system regulates anti-apoptotic pathways, and a framework for ascertaining how this system can be optimally targeted in treatment of brain cell death after stroke.
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Kallifatidis G, Mamouni K, Lokeshwar BL. The Role of β-Arrestins in Regulating Stem Cell Phenotypes in Normal and Tumorigenic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239310. [PMID: 33297302 PMCID: PMC7729818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins (ARRBs) are ubiquitously expressed scaffold proteins that mediate inactivation of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, and in certain circumstances, G-protein independent pathways. Intriguingly, the two known ARRBs, β-arrestin1 (ARRB1) and β-Arrestin2 (ARRB2), seem to have opposing functions in regulating signaling cascades in several models in health and disease. Recent evidence suggests that ARRBs are implicated in regulating stem cell maintenance; however, their role, although crucial, is complex, and there is no universal model for ARRB-mediated regulation of stem cell characteristics. For the first time, this review compiles information on the function of ARRBs in stem cell biology and will discuss the role of ARRBs in regulating cell signaling pathways implicated in stem cell maintenance in normal and malignant stem cell populations. Although promising targets for cancer therapy, the ubiquitous nature of ARRBs and the plethora of functions in normal cell biology brings challenges for treatment selectivity. However, recent studies show promising evidence for specifically targeting ARRBs in myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kallifatidis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (B.L.L.); Tel.: +1-706-446-4976 (G.K.); +1-706-723-0033 (B.L.L.); Fax: +1-305-721-0101 (B.L.L.)
| | - Kenza Mamouni
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Bal L. Lokeshwar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (B.L.L.); Tel.: +1-706-446-4976 (G.K.); +1-706-723-0033 (B.L.L.); Fax: +1-305-721-0101 (B.L.L.)
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5
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Goto K, Nishitsuji H, Sugiyama M, Nishida N, Mizokami M, Shimotohno K. Orchestration of Intracellular Circuits by G Protein-Coupled Receptor 39 for Hepatitis B Virus Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165661. [PMID: 32784555 PMCID: PMC7460832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a highly persistent pathogen causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), takes full advantage of host machinery, presenting therapeutic targets. Here we aimed to identify novel druggable host cellular factors using the reporter HBV we have recently generated. In an RNAi screen of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPCR39 (GPR39) appeared as the top hit to facilitate HBV proliferation. Lentiviral overexpression of active GPR39 proteins and an agonist enhanced HBV replication and transcriptional activities of viral promoters, inducing the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP)-β (CEBPB). Meanwhile, GPR39 was uncovered to activate the heat shock response, upregulating the expression of proviral heat shock proteins (HSPs). In addition, glioma-associated oncogene homologue signaling, a recently reported target of GPR39, was suggested to inhibit HBV replication and eventually suppress expression of CEBPB and HSPs. Thus, GPR39 provirally governed intracellular circuits simultaneously affecting the carcinopathogenetic gene functions. GPR39 and the regulated signaling networks would serve as antiviral targets, and strategies with selective inhibitors of GPR39 functions can develop host-targeted antiviral therapies preventing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaku Goto
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-47-372-3501; Fax: +81-47-375-4766
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A G-protein coupled receptor 39 agonist stimulates proliferation of keratinocytes via an ERK-dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110160. [PMID: 32371316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte proliferation serves as a crucial process in skin wound healing. The zinc-sensing G-protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39), which is highly expressed in keratinocytes, has been shown to promote skin wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GPR39 activation on proliferation of keratinocytes and its underlying mechanism using immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) as an in vitro model. GPR39 was functionally expressed in HaCaT cells. BrdU proliferation assays showed that treatment with GPR39 agonist TC-G 1008 (100 nM and 1 μM) increased cell proliferation. TC-G 1008 also enhanced ERK phosphorylation in time- and concentration-dependent manners. This effect was suppressed by co-treatment with wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) and U0126 (MKK inhibitor). Of note, neither inhibition of Gαq-phospholipase C (PLC)-[Ca2+]i nor Gαs-PKA pathway affected GPR39 stimulation-induced ERK phosphorylation. Similarly, barbadin, an inhibitor of G-protein-independent β-arrestin pathway, did not suppress ERK phosphorylation induced by GPR39 activation. Of particular importance, wortmannin, U0126, and FR180204 (ERK inhibitor) abrogated the effect of TC-G 1008-induced cell proliferation. Taken together, this study reveals novel insights into the role of GPR39 in regulating keratinocyte proliferation via a PI3K-MKK-ERK-dependent mechanism. GPR39 agonists may be used in enhancing keratinocyte proliferation, which may be beneficial for the cutaneous wound treatment.
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7
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Sun L, Wang L, Chen T, Yao B, Wang Y, Li Q, Yang W, Liu Z. microRNA-1914, which is regulated by lncRNA DUXAP10, inhibits cell proliferation by targeting the GPR39-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HCC. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8292-8304. [PMID: 31576658 PMCID: PMC6850956 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies have confirmed that abnormally expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) take part in the carcinogenesis as well as the aggravation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little information is currently available about miR-1914 in HCC. Here, we first confirmed that miR-1914 inhibition in HCC cell lines and tumour specimens correlates with tumour size and histological grade. In a series of functional experiments, miR-1914 inhibited tumour proliferation and colony formation, resulting in cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. Moreover, miR-1914 mediated its functional effects by directly targeting GPR39 in HCC cells, leading to PI3K/AKT/mTOR repression. Restoring GPR39 expression incompletely counteracted the physiological roles of miR-1914 in HCC cells. In addition, down-regulation of AKT phosphorylation inhibited the effects of miR-1914 in HCC. Furthermore, the overexpression of lncRNA DUXAP10 negatively correlated with the expression of miR-1914 in HCC; thus, lncRNA DUXAP10 regulated miR-1914 expression and modulated the GPR39/PI3K/AKT-mediated cellular behaviours. In summary, the present study demonstrated for the first time that lncRNA DUXAP10-regulated miR-1914 plays a functional role in inhibiting HCC progression by targeting GPR39-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and this miRNA represents a novel therapeutic target for patients with HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphotransferases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNAi Therapeutics/methods
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bowen Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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Stempniewicz A, Ceranowicz P, Warzecha Z. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Gut Hormones, Ghrelin and Obestatin in Oral Mucositis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071534. [PMID: 30934722 PMCID: PMC6479885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and/or head and neck radiotherapy are frequently associated with oral mucositis. Oral pain, odynophagia and dysphagia, opioid use, weight loss, dehydration, systemic infection, hospitalization and introduction of a feeding tube should be mentioned as the main determinated effect of oral mucositis. Oral mucositis leads to a decreased quality of life and an increase in treatment costs. Moreover, oral mucositis is a life-threatening disease. In addition to its own direct life-threatening consequences, it can also lead to a reduced survival due to the discontinuation or dose reduction of anti-neoplasm therapy. There are numerous strategies for the prevention or treatment of oral mucositis; however, their effectiveness is limited and does not correspond to expectations. This review is focused on the ghrelin and obestatin as potentially useful candidates for the prevention and treatment of chemo- or/and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stempniewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16 St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16 St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16 St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
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9
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González-Sánchez J, Sánchez-Temprano A, Cid-Díaz T, Pabst-Fernández R, Mosteiro CS, Gallego R, Nogueiras R, Casabiell X, Butler-Browne GS, Mouly V, Relova JL, Pazos Y, Camiña JP. Improvement of Duchenne muscular dystrophy phenotype following obestatin treatment. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1063-1078. [PMID: 30216693 PMCID: PMC6240759 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to test the therapeutic potential of obestatin, an autocrine anabolic factor regulating skeletal muscle repair, to ameliorate the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a multidisciplinary approach, we characterized the ageing-related preproghrelin/GPR39 expression patterns in tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of 4-, 8-, and 18-week-old mdx mice (n = 3/group) and established the effects of obestatin administration at this level in 8-week-old mdx mice (n = 5/group). The findings were extended to in vitro effects on human immortalized DMD myotubes. An analysis of TAs revealed an age-related loss of preproghrelin expression, as precursor of obestatin, in mdx mice. Administration of obestatin resulted in a significant increase in tetanic specific force (33.0% ± 1.5%, P < 0.05), compared with control mdx mice. Obestatin-treated TAs were characterized by reduction of fibres with centrally located nuclei (10.0% ± 1.2%, P < 0.05) together with an increase in the number of type I fibres (25.2% ± 1.7%, P < 0.05) associated to histone deacetylases/myocyte enhancer factor-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α axis, and down-regulation of ubiquitin E3-ligases by inactivation of FoxO1/4, indexes of muscle atrophy. Obestatin reduced the level of contractile damage and tissue fibrosis. These observations correlated with decline in serum creatine kinase (58.8 ± 15.2, P < 0.05). Obestatin led to stabilization of the sarcolemma by up-regulation of utrophin, α-syntrophin, β-dystroglycan, and α7β1-integrin proteins. These pathways were also operative in human DMD myotubes. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential of obestatin as a peptide therapeutic for preserving muscle integrity in DMD, thus allowing a better efficiency of gene or cell therapy in a combined therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica González-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Agustín Sánchez-Temprano
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tania Cid-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Regina Pabst-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos S Mosteiro
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Departamento de Fisiología, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xesús Casabiell
- Departamento de Fisiología, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gillian S Butler-Browne
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | | | - Yolanda Pazos
- Laboratorio de Patología Digestiva, IDIS, CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús P Camiña
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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10
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Angelino E, Reano S, Bollo A, Ferrara M, De Feudis M, Sustova H, Agosti E, Clerici S, Prodam F, Tomasetto CL, Graziani A, Filigheddu N. Ghrelin knockout mice display defective skeletal muscle regeneration and impaired satellite cell self-renewal. Endocrine 2018; 62:129-135. [PMID: 29846901 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscle regeneration depends on satellite cells (SCs), quiescent precursors that, in consequence of injury or pathological states such as muscular dystrophies, activate, proliferate, and differentiate to repair the damaged tissue. A subset of SCs undergoes self-renewal, thus preserving the SC pool and its regenerative potential. The peptides produced by the ghrelin gene, i.e., acylated ghrelin (AG), unacylated ghrelin (UnAG), and obestatin (Ob), affect skeletal muscle biology in several ways, not always with overlapping effects. In particular, UnAG and Ob promote SC self-renewal and myoblast differentiation, thus fostering muscle regeneration. METHODS To delineate the endogenous contribution of preproghrelin in muscle regeneration, we evaluated the repair process in Ghrl-/- mice upon CTX-induced injury. RESULTS Although muscles from Ghrl-/- mice do not visibly differ from WT muscles in term of weight, structure, and SCs content, muscle regeneration after CTX-induced injury is impaired in Ghrl-/- mice, indicating that ghrelin-derived peptides actively participate in muscle repair. Remarkably, the lack of ghrelin gene impacts SC self-renewal during regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Although we cannot discern the specific Ghrl-derived peptide responsible for such activities, these data indicate that Ghrl contributes to a proper muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Angelino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Reano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bollo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Marilisa De Feudis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Hana Sustova
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agosti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Clerici
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Catherine-Laure Tomasetto
- IGBMC - Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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11
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Abstract
β-arrestin1 (or arrestin2) and β-arrestin2 (or arrestin3) are ubiquitously expressed cytosolic adaptor proteins that were originally discovered for their inhibitory role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins. However, further biochemical characterization revealed that β-arrestins do not just "block" the activated GPCRs, but trigger endocytosis and kinase activation leading to specific signaling pathways that can be localized on endosomes. The signaling pathways initiated by β-arrestins were also found to be independent of G protein activation by GPCRs. The discovery of ligands that blocked G protein activation but promoted β-arrestin binding, or vice-versa, suggested the exciting possibility of selectively activating intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, it is becoming increasingly evident that β-arrestin-dependent signaling is extremely diverse and provokes distinct cellular responses through different GPCRs even when the same effector kinase is involved. In this review, we summarize various signaling pathways mediated by β-arrestins and highlight the physiologic effects of β-arrestin-dependent signaling.
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12
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Cid‐Díaz T, Santos‐Zas I, González‐Sánchez J, Gurriarán‐Rodríguez U, Mosteiro CS, Casabiell X, García‐Caballero T, Mouly V, Pazos Y, Camiña JP. Obestatin controls the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems in glucocorticoid-induced muscle cell atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:974-990. [PMID: 28675664 PMCID: PMC5700440 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pathological states characterized by muscle atrophy are associated with an increase in circulating glucocorticoids and poor patient prognosis, making it an important target for treatment. The development of treatments for glucocorticoid-induced and wasting disorder-related skeletal muscle atrophy should be designed based on how the particular transcriptional program is orchestrated and how the balance of muscle protein synthesis and degradation is deregulated. Here, we investigated whether the obestatin/GPR39 system, an autocrine/paracrine signaling system acting on myogenesis and with anabolic effects on the skeletal muscle, could protect against glucocorticoid-induced muscle cell atrophy. METHODS In the present study, we have utilized mouse C2C12 myotube cultures to examine whether the obestatin/GPR39 signaling pathways can affect the atrophy induced by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. We have extended these findings to in vitro effects on human atrophy using human KM155C25 myotubes. RESULTS The activation of the obestatin/GPR39 system protects from glucocorticoid-induced atrophy by regulation of Akt, PKD/PKCμ, CAMKII and AMPK signaling and its downstream targets in the control of protein synthesis, ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome system in mouse cells. We compared mouse and human myotube cells in their response to glucocorticoid and identified differences in both the triggering of the atrophic program and the response to obestatin stimulation. Notably, we demonstrate that specific patterns of post-translational modifications of FoxO4 and FoxO1 play a key role in directing FoxO activity in response to obestatin in human myotubes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the function of the obestatin/GPR39 system in coordinating a variety of pathways involved in the regulation of protein degradation during catabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Cid‐Díaz
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)Choupana s/n15706Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Icía Santos‐Zas
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)Choupana s/n15706Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Jessica González‐Sánchez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)Choupana s/n15706Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Uxía Gurriarán‐Rodríguez
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute501 Smyth RoadOttawaOntarioK1H 8L6Canada
| | - Carlos S. Mosteiro
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)Choupana s/n15706Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Xesús Casabiell
- Departamento de FisiologíaFacultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)Carballo Calero s/n27002LugoSpain
| | - Tomás García‐Caballero
- Departamento de Ciencias MorfológicasFacultad de Medicina, USCSan Francisco s/n15704Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology47 Boulevard de l'hôpital75013ParisFrance
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)Choupana s/n15706Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Jesús P. Camiña
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)Choupana s/n15706Santiago de CompostelaSpain
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13
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Santos-Zas I, Negroni E, Mamchaoui K, Mosteiro CS, Gallego R, Butler-Browne GS, Pazos Y, Mouly V, Camiña JP. Obestatin Increases the Regenerative Capacity of Human Myoblasts Transplanted Intramuscularly in an Immunodeficient Mouse Model. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2345-2359. [PMID: 28750736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cell-based therapy is considered a promising method aiming at treating different muscular disorders, little clinical benefit has been reported. One of major hurdles limiting the efficiency of myoblast transfer therapy is the poor survival of the transplanted cells. Any intervention upon the donor cells focused on enhancing in vivo survival, proliferation, and expansion is essential to improve the effectiveness of such therapies in regenerative medicine. In the present work, we investigated the potential role of obestatin, an autocrine peptide factor regulating skeletal muscle growth and repair, to improve the outcome of myoblast-based therapy by xenotransplanting primary human myoblasts into immunodeficient mice. The data proved that short in vivo obestatin treatment of primary human myoblasts not only enhances the efficiency of engraftment, but also facilitates an even distribution of myoblasts in the host muscle. Moreover, this treatment leads to a hypertrophic response of the human-derived regenerating myofibers. Taken together, the activation of the obestatin/GPR39 pathway resulted in an overall improvement of the efficacy of cell engraftment within the host's skeletal muscle. These data suggest considerable potential for future therapeutic applications and highlight the importance of combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icia Santos-Zas
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elisa Negroni
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center for Research in Myology, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center for Research in Myology, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Carlos S Mosteiro
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalia Gallego
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15704 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gillian S Butler-Browne
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center for Research in Myology, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- Laboratorio de Patología Digestiva, IDIS, CHUS, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center for Research in Myology, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Jesus P Camiña
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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14
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Obestatin controls skeletal muscle fiber-type determination. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2137. [PMID: 28522824 PMCID: PMC5437042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obestatin/GPR39 signaling stimulates skeletal muscle growth and repair by inducing both G-protein-dependent and -independent mechanisms linking the activated GPR39 receptor with distinct sets of accessory and effector proteins. In this work, we describe a new level of activity where obestatin signaling plays a role in the formation, contractile properties and metabolic profile of skeletal muscle through determination of oxidative fiber type. Our data indicate that obestatin regulates Mef2 activity and PGC-1α expression. Both mechanisms result in a shift in muscle metabolism and function. The increase in Mef2 and PGC-1α signaling activates oxidative capacity, whereas Akt/mTOR signaling positively regulates myofiber growth. Taken together, these data indicate that the obestatin signaling acts on muscle fiber-type program in skeletal muscle.
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15
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Romero-Nava R, Zhou DS, García N, Ruiz-Hernández A, Si YC, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Huang F, Hong E, Villafaña S. Evidence of alterations in the expression of orphan receptors GPR26 and GPR39 due to the etiology of the metabolic syndrome. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:422-429. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1298133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Posgrado, Mexico
| | - De-Shan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Noemí García
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Básica y de Transferencia, Hospital Zambrano Hellio, Garza García, NL, Mexico
| | - Armando Ruiz-Hernández
- Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Posgrado, Mexico
| | - Yin-Chu Si
- Department of Anatomy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hong
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Santiago Villafaña
- Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Posgrado, Mexico
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16
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Fatty acid and mineral receptors as drug targets for gastrointestinal disorders. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:315-334. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient-sensing receptors, including fatty acid receptors (FFA1–FFA4), Ca2+-sensing receptors and Zn2+-sensing receptors, are involved in several biological processes. These receptors are abundantly expressed in the GI tract, where they have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating GI function. This review provides an overview of the GI functions of fatty acid and mineral receptors, including the regulation of gastric and enteroendocrine functions, GI motility, ion transport and cell growth. Recently, several lines of evidence have implicated these receptors as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of GI disorders, for example, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome and diarrheal diseases. A future perspective on drug discovery research targeting these receptors is discussed.
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17
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Xing YX, Yang L, Kuang HY, Gao XY, Liu HL. Function of obestatin in the digestive system. Nutrition 2017; 34:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Hassouna R, Labarthe A, Tolle V. Hypothalamic regulation of body growth and appetite by ghrelin-derived peptides during balanced nutrition or undernutrition. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 438:42-51. [PMID: 27693419 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the gastrointestinal hormones that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis, ghrelin plays a unique role as the first one identified to increases appetite and stimulate GH secretion. This review highlights the latest mechanism by which ghrelin modulates body growth, appetite and energy metabolism by exploring pharmacological actions of the hormone and consequences of genetic or pharmacological blockade of the ghrelin/GHS-R (Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor) system on physiological responses in specific nutritional situations. Within the hypothalamus, novel mechanisms of action of this hormone involve its interaction with other ghrelin-derived peptides, such as desacyl ghrelin and obestatin, which are thought to act as functional ghrelin antagonists, and possible modulation of the GHS-R with other G-protein coupled receptors. During chronic undernutrition such as anorexia nervosa, variations of ghrelin-derived peptides may be an adaptative metabolic response to maintain normal glycemic control. Interestingly, some of ghrelin's metabolic actions are thought to be relayed through modulation of GH, an anabolic and hyperglycemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hassouna
- UMR-S 894 INSERM, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014, Paris, France; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alexandra Labarthe
- UMR-S 894 INSERM, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- UMR-S 894 INSERM, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014, Paris, France.
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19
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Thorley M, Duguez S, Mazza EMC, Valsoni S, Bigot A, Mamchaoui K, Harmon B, Voit T, Mouly V, Duddy W. Skeletal muscle characteristics are preserved in hTERT/cdk4 human myogenic cell lines. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:43. [PMID: 27931240 PMCID: PMC5146814 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background hTERT/cdk4 immortalized myogenic human cell lines represent an important tool for skeletal muscle research, being used as therapeutically pertinent models of various neuromuscular disorders and in numerous fundamental studies of muscle cell function. However, the cell cycle is linked to other cellular processes such as integrin regulation, the PI3K/Akt pathway, and microtubule stability, raising the question as to whether genetic modification related to the cell cycle results in secondary effects that could undermine the validity of these cell models. Results Here we subjected five healthy and disease muscle cell isolates to transcriptomic analysis, comparing immortalized lines with their parent primary populations in both differentiated and undifferentiated states, and testing their myogenic character by comparison with non-myogenic (CD56-negative) cells. Principal component analysis of global gene expression showed tight clustering of immortalized myoblasts to their parent primary populations, with clean separation from the non-myogenic reference. Comparison was made to publicly available transcriptomic data from studies of muscle human pathology, cell, and animal models, including to derive a consensus set of genes previously shown to have altered regulation during myoblast differentiation. Hierarchical clustering of samples based on gene expression of this consensus set showed that immortalized lines retained the myogenic expression patterns of their parent primary populations. Of 2784 canonical pathways and gene ontology terms tested by gene set enrichment analysis, none were significantly enriched in immortalized compared to primary cell populations. We observed, at the whole transcriptome level, a strong signature of cell cycle shutdown associated with senescence in one primary myoblast population, whereas its immortalized clone was protected. Conclusions Immortalization had no observed effect on the myogenic cascade or on any other cellular processes, and it was protective against the systems level effects of senescence that are observed at higher division counts of primary cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0115-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Thorley
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Duguez
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France.,Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Emilia Maria Cristina Mazza
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Valsoni
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anne Bigot
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Brennan Harmon
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Thomas Voit
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Vincent Mouly
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - William Duddy
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France.,Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland UK
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20
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Qiao J, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Peng H, Chen Q, Zhang H, Zheng X, Jin Y, Ni H, Duan E, Guo Y. GPR39 is region-specifically expressed in mouse oviduct correlating with the Zn 2+ distribution. Theriogenology 2016; 88:98-105. [PMID: 27865419 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) plays a role in cellular and physiological processes, including insulin secretion, cell death inhibition, wound healing, and obesity. Increasing evidence suggests that GPR39 is potently stimulated by zinc ions (Zn2+) and is therefore considered a putative Zn2+ receptor. Given the importance of Zn2+ in the reproductive system, we proposed that GPR39 might have a functional role in the reproductive system. However, the localization of GPR39 in the reproductive system remains unknown. Here, we used mice expressing a Gpr39 promoter-driven LacZ reporter system to detect Gpr39 expression in the reproductive system at different phases of the estrous cycle and found an interesting region-specific distribution of Gpr39 in the mouse oviduct epithelium, with strong expression at the ampulla and weak expression at the isthmus, which was consistent with the results using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Moreover, using ZnSeAMG staining, we found that Zn2+, the putative ligand of GPR39, also found a distribution similar to GPR39 expression, suggesting that their potential interaction mediates fertilization and embryo transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiao Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hemin Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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