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In vitro surface analysis of the brushing resistance of orthodontic sealants using two different profilometric evaluation methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16133. [PMID: 36167702 PMCID: PMC9515092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The enamel can be protected by applying orthodontic sealants at the bracket base to avoid the development of white spot lesions caused by inadequate oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical resistance of five commonly used orthodontic sealants against brushing in comparison to a positive group. Hydroxyapatite discs were bonded with a metal bracket and a piece of arch-wire was ligated in order to simulate a daily clinical situation (n = 48). Samples were divided into 6 groups of respectively 8 specimens. Sealants were applied around the bracket base according to manufacturer's instructions. Following sealants were used: Group 1: Pro Seal (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois, USA); 2: Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois, USA); 3: ClinproXT Varnish (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany); 4: ProtectoCaF2 Nano (BonaDent GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany); 5: Fluor Protector and 6: Tetric EvoFlow (both Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan Liechtenstein). Tooth brushing were simulated for 6 weeks and 6 months with an electric toothbrush. The sealant thickness was measured by mechanical (MP) and optical profilometry (OP) at baseline, after 6 weeks and after 6 months of brushing. Statistical analysis was performed according to two mixed linear models and post hoc Tukey-Kramer comparisons. The significance level was set at 5% (α ≤ 0.05). Pro Seal (MP: 9%; OP: 22%) and Light Bond (MP: 19%; OP: 16%) showed the lowest changes in sealant thickness after 6 months of simulated brushing. ClinproXT Varnish and Tetric EvoFlow recorded no statistically significant results (p > 0.05). The fluoride varnishes ProtectoCaF2 Nano and Fluor Protector could not be conclusively evaluated since the thickness of the sealants could not be determined at baseline. The results of both evaluation methods MP and OP are in good agreement. Pro Seal and Light Bond were resistant against tooth brushing and were able to adequately keep the bracket environment sealed even after 6 months. The two different measuring methods, MP and OP, provide a precise impression of the changes in the surface.
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Al Tuma RR, Yassir YA. Effect of calcium fluoride nanoparticles in prevention of demineralization during orthodontic fixed appliance treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod 2022; 45:122-132. [PMID: 36049047 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White spot lesions (WSLs) are the most common complications of fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of calcium fluoride nanoparticles-containing orthodontic primer (nCaF2-primer) in preventing the incidence of WSLs during orthodontic treatment. TRIAL DESIGN Single-centre, double-blinded, split-mouth, randomized clinical trial. METHODS The sample involved 31 orthodontic patients (≥12 years). Participants were recruited using a simple nonstratified randomization. Data collection, measurements, and analysis were performed blindly. Outcome measures included comparing the effect of nCaF2-primer with control primer (Transbond) regarding the degree of demineralization (DIAGNOdent pen), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) bacterial counting [real-time polymerase chain reaction device (PCR)], and WSLs incidence (pre- and post-operative photographs). The measurements were performed before bonding, 1, 3, and 6 months after bonding and after appliance removal. A two-way repeated measure analysis of variance test (for DIAGNOdent pen scores), and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (for the difference between bacterial counting and WSLs incidence) were used (P < 0.05). RESULTS Thirty-one patients were recruited and randomized (mean age 17.9 ± 2.45 years). For the primary outcome (DIAGNOdent pen scores) and secondary outcome of S. mutans counting: 31 patients (310 teeth for each group) were included in scoring at T1 and T3, and 30 patients (300 teeth) were included at T6. While for the photographic scores, 26 patients were included after bracket bonding. The demineralization scores showed significant differences at all-time intervals within the 6 months after bracket bonding which was more noticeable after the first month. There was a significant difference in bacterial count between the two primer groups at the T1 only. Regarding photographic scores, there were no significant differences in the WSLs incidence between the two primers groups after brackets removal. No harm was detected during treatment, except the usual pain/gingival irritation. CONCLUSIONS nCaF2-primer effectively decreased demineralization scores within the 6 months after bracket bonding. Moreover, it significantly reduced S. mutans colonization after the first month. However, the tested primer did not have an extra advantage in preventing WSLs development at the clinical level after appliance removal. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 8 May 2021 (registration number: NCT04994314).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawof R Al Tuma
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Karbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Yassir A Yassir
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Hoppe J, Lehmann T, Hennig CL, Schulze-Späte U, Jacobs C. Shear bond strength after using sealant before bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:1-11. [PMID: 34981251 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decalcification during orthodontic treatment is significantly increased. To prevent this negative impact, new treatments with sealants before bonding brackets are commonly been used. This systematic review discusses current knowledge on shear bond strength when using sealant before bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to identify studies that address shear bond strength after using a sealant before bonding brackets. The search was carried out using common electronic databases in addition to individual searches. Both screening and study eligibility analysis were performed according to PRISMA and Cochrane Guidelines for systematic reviews. Several terms describing shear bond strength after using a sealant before bonding brackets were searched. Particular attention was paid to bond failure and bracket loss. For the statistical outcome, all results were shown in a forest plot based on standardized mean differences (SMD) with a random-effects model to respect heterogeneity of these studies. To assess the heterogeneity of the different trials, I2-value and the Q-Test were performed. RESULTS The initial search identified 416 studies. After a thorough selection process, a total of 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. All 15 articles reported results of in vitro studies. Papers were divided into four subgroups according to their used product: ProSeal, Transbond bonding, the combination of Transbond bonding and ProSeal and Clearfil Protect Bond. The results of this review demonstrate a high heterogeneity of the studies. The SMD of the examined 15 articles show nearly no difference between the control and the intervention groups in shear bond strength (p < 0.0001; OR - 0.12; Cl - 0.47-0.23). Forest plots for comparison of the subgroups depict no difference in shear bond strength as well. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis concludes that there is no additive benefit for shear bond strength when using sealant before bonding. However, additional randomized controlled studies should be performed to analyze impact of sealants on bonding strength and bracket loss in more detail. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using sealants before orthodontic bonding does not reduce shear bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hoppe
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Science and Data Sciences, University of Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph-Ludwig Hennig
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Efficacy of sealants and bonding materials during fixed orthodontic treatment to prevent enamel demineralization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16556. [PMID: 34400668 PMCID: PMC8368161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyse clinical studies investigating coating agents such as sealants and other bonding materials to prevent the initiation or inhibit the progress of white spot lesions (WSL) during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Electronic databases (Pubmed, CENTRAL, EMBASE) were screened for studies. No language restrictions were applied. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were done in duplicate. Primary outcome included assessment of WSL with visual-tactile assessment and/or laser fluorescence measurements. Twenty-four studies with 1117 patients (age: 11–40 years) and 12,809 teeth were included. Overall, 34 different sealants or bonding materials were analysed. Fourteen studies analysed fluoride and 14 studies non-fluoride releasing materials. Meta-analysis for visual tactile assessment revealed that sealants significantly decreased the initiation of WSL compared to untreated control (RR [95%CI] = 0.70 [0.53; 0.93]; very low level of evidence). Materials releasing fluoride did not decrease initiation of WSL compared to those with no fluoride release (RR [95%CI] = 0.84 [0.70; 1.01]; very low level of evidence). For laser fluorescence measurements no meta-analysis could be performed. The use of sealants seems to be effective in preventing the initiation of post-orthodontic WSL. Furthermore, there is no evidence supporting that fluoride-releasing sealants or bonding materials are more effective than those without fluoride release. No gold standard prevention strategy to prevent WSL during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances has been established yet. However, based on only a limited number of studies the use of sealants seems to be effective in preventing the initiation of post-orthodontic WSL.
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Wang Y, Qin D, Guo F, Levey C, Huang G, Ngan P, Hua F, He H. Outcomes used in trials regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: A scoping review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:659-670.e7. [PMID: 34366187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective was to identify and summarize the outcomes and evaluation methods used in clinical trials regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced white spot lesions (WSLs). METHODS Three electronic databases were searched to identify studies that were (1) clinical trials on prevention and/or treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs, (2) reported in English, and (3) published between January 2010 and October 2019. At least 2 authors assessed the eligibility and extracted the characteristics, outcomes, and evaluation methods from included studies. All disagreements were resolved through discussion. RESULTS Among 1328 studies identified, 51 were eligible and included. A total of 48 different outcomes and 11 different evaluation methods were used in these studies. The most frequently used outcomes were WSLs clinical visual examination scores (n = 22, 43.1%), DIAGNOdent values (n = 14; 27.5%), fluorescence loss measured with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) (n = 10; 19.6%), and lesion area measured with QLF (n = 10; 19.6%). The most frequently used evaluation methods were clinical examination (n = 25; 49.0%), visual inspection by photographs (n = 15; 29.4%), DIAGNOdent (n = 14; 27.5%), and QLF (n = 10; 19.6%). None of the included studies reported data on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Substantial outcome heterogeneity exists among studies regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs. Most of the identified outcomes are aimed to assess morphologic changes of WSLs and may not reflect patient perspectives. REGISTRATION The Core Outcome Set for trials on the prevention and treatment of enamel White Spot Lesions (COS-WSL) project was registered in the COMET Initiative database (No. 1399).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danchen Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiyang Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Colin Levey
- School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Peter Ngan
- Department of Orthodontics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Orthodontics and Center for Evidence-Based Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Hong He
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Optical analysis of the behavior of sealants under mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7655. [PMID: 33828215 PMCID: PMC8026620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding their resistance five sealants were tested in vitro after experiencing mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Included for testing were two fluoride varnishes: Fluor Protector [FP] (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Protecto CaF2 Nano One-Step Seal [PN] (BonaDent) and three fluoride-composite filled sealants (with acid etch technique): Clinpro XT Varnish [CP] (3 M Espe), Pro Seal [PS] & Light Bond [LB] (Reliance Orthodontic Products) and a positive control group [CG] Tetric EvoFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent). The sealants were applied on 180 bovine teeth (n = 10/ sealer) in a standardized manner after bracket bonding. Mechanical pressure and its effect by simulating different time points and standardized electric cleaning protocol was tested first. Followed by thermal burden due to varying thermal stress and thirdly change in pH stress imitating chemical exposure were examined separately. A digital microscope and a grid incisal and apical to the brackets (n = 32 fields) was used to standardize the optical analysis. Material loss due to mechanical stress compared to CG (score 0.00) was CP (1.2%), FP (21.5%), LB (22.2%) and PN (81.1%). No significant difference to CG presented PS. Material loss due to thermal stress was CP (0.5%), PS (2%), FP (2.6%), LB (3.1%) and PN (39.9%). Material loss due to chemical stress was FP (1.8%), PS (2.1%), LB (5.5%) and PN (39.6%). No significant difference to CG presented CP. Only PS and CP had optically provable, good resiliance to mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Significantly poorer outcomes in particular showed PN.
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Deurer N, Erber R, Orhan G, Zingler S, Lux CJ, Şen S. Abrasion of Pro Seal® and Opal® Seal™ by professional tooth cleaning protocols: results from an in vitro study and a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:596-604. [PMID: 31765473 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrity of orthodontic surface sealants after professional tooth cleaning (PTC) has previously only been evaluated in vitro. Recently, we have shown that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can successfully be used for the longitudinal assessments of sealant thickness in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVES Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the sealant thickness after PTC in vitro and in vivo by OCT. TRIAL DESIGN Single-centre four-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial. METHODS Ninety-six extracted human teeth were randomly assigned to the surface sealants Pro Seal® (PS) and Opal® Seal™ (OS) and to PTC protocols: (1) polishing with brush and prophy paste (Cleanic®) or (2) erythritol air-polishing. Sealant thickness was assessed by OCT immediately after application (baseline), after thermocycling and after polishing for totals of 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds. Additionally, a clinical trial was conducted. Therefore, using a split-mouth design, quadrants of 20 patients and PTC protocols were randomized by an external randomization centre using computer generated tables to assign the surface sealants and PTC protocols. Sealant thicknesses were analysed at baseline, before and after PTC. Due to the optical properties of sealants, a complete blinding was not feasible. RESULTS In vitro both sealants revealed significant layer thickness losses after both PTC protocols. PS lost 0.77 µm/s [95% CI (confidence interval): 0.67, 0.87] from air-polishing and 0.43 µm/s (95% CI: 0.37, 0.49) from polishing with brush while OS lost 0.44 µm/s (95% CI: 0.32, 0.55) from air-polishing and 0.79 µm/s (95% CI: 0.68, 0.89) from polishing with brush of layer thickness. Sealant thickness loss of was significantly higher after erythritol air-polishing for PS and after polishing with brush for OS. The results of a concurrent randomized controlled trial (RCT) were comparable to those achieved in the in vitro part of this study. LIMITATIONS Long-term surface sealant abrasion should be validated by additional RCTs. CONCLUSIONS For PTC on surface sealant treated teeth, low abrasive protocols should be used. Air-polishing should be avoided on PS protected teeth and polishing with brush on OS treated teeth. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03753256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Deurer
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Erber
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gül Orhan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zingler
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Lux
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sinan Şen
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Effect of the caries-protective self-assembling peptide P11-4 on shear bond strength of metal brackets. J Orofac Orthop 2020; 82:329-336. [PMID: 32876755 PMCID: PMC8384806 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-020-00247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Purpose During orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, demineralization around brackets often occurs. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of the caries-protective self-assembling peptide P11‑4 (SAP P11-4) on the shear bond strength of metal brackets. Methods In all, 45 extracted human wisdom teeth were available for the study. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (each n = 15) and pretreated as follows: test group 1: application of SAP P11‑4 (Curodont Repair, Windisch, Switzerland) and storage for 24 h in artificial saliva; test group 2: application of SAP P11‑4; control group: no pretreatment with SAP P11‑4. A conventional metal maxillary incisor bracket (Discovery, Dentaurum, Ispringen) was adhesively bonded to each buccal surface. The shear bond strength was tested according to DIN 13990. After shearing, the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was determined microscopically (10 × magnification). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to check the groups for significant differences (α = 0.05). The distribution of the ARI scores was determined with the χ 2 test. Results There was no significant difference in shear forces between the groups (p = 0.121): test group 1 = 17.0 ± 4.51 MPa, test group 2 = 14.01 ± 2.51 MPa, control group 15.54 ± 4.34 MPa. The distribution of the ARI scores between the groups did not vary (p-values = 0.052–0.819). Conclusion The application of the caries protective SAP P11‑4 before bonding of brackets did not affect the shear bond strength. Therefore, pretreatment of the enamel surface with SAP P11‑4 shortly before bracket insertion can be considered.
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Tasios T, Papageorgiou SN, Papadopoulos MA, Tsapas A, Haidich A. Prevention of orthodontic enamel demineralization: A systematic review with meta‐analyses. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22:225-235. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tasios
- Department of Hygiene, Social‐Preventive Medicine & Medical Statistics, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
- Private practice Hengelo The Netherlands
| | - Spyridon N. Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Moschos A. Papadopoulos
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Apostolos Tsapas
- Second Medical Department, Clinical Research and Evidence‐Based Medicine Unit Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Anna‐Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social‐Preventive Medicine & Medical Statistics, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
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Salmerón-Valdés EN, Lara-Carrillo E, Medina-Solís CE, Robles-Bermeo NL, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Casanova-Rosado JF, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Fernández Barrera MÁ. Tooth demineralization and associated factors in patients on fixed orthodontic treatment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36383. [PMID: 27805027 PMCID: PMC5090428 DOI: 10.1038/srep36383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental demineralization was determined in patients at three time points during fixed orthodontic treatment. A multiple cross-sectional study included 108 patients divided into three different groups: (1) beginning of orthodontic treatment; (2) one year into treatment; and (3) two years into treatment. Demineralization was estimated using a DIAGNOdent pen. We obtained data from multiple tooth-by-tooth demineralization readings combined with salivary pH and patients' oral hygienic and dietary behaviors. A t-test for independent samples and Spearman´s correlation were performed. No demineralizations differences were found between the initial stage and one year into treatment. Between one and two years small differences were observed, but demineralization increased between the initial stage and second treatment year, predominating in upper right central incisors (p = 0.056), upper left lateral incisors (p = 0.040), both upper canines (p = 0.055 and p = 0.040, respectively) and first left premolars (p = 0.034 and p = 0.053, respectively). We did not find associations between oral hygiene and dietary behaviours or salivary pH. In conclusion, demineralization occurred in first year of treatment and increased during second year, predominating in the upper arch and the left side mainly in upper right central incisors, upper left lateral incisors, both upper canines, and first left premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Nahúm Salmerón-Valdés
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México
| | - Edith Lara-Carrillo
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México
| | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México.,Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Norma Leticia Robles-Bermeo
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México
| | - Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México
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Miller MJ, Bernstein S, Colaiacovo SL, Nicolay O, Cisneros GJ. Demineralized white spot lesions: An unmet challenge for orthodontists. Semin Orthod 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Alsayed EZ, Hariri I, Nakashima S, Shimada Y, Bakhsh TA, Tagami J, Sadr A. Effects of coating materials on nanoindentation hardness of enamel and adjacent areas. Dent Mater 2016; 32:807-16. [PMID: 27063457 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Materials that can be applied as thin coatings and actively release fluoride or other bioavailable ions for reinforcing dental hard tissue deserve further investigation. In this study we assessed the potential of resin coating materials in protection of underlying and adjacent enamel against demineralization challenge using nanoindentation. METHODS Enamel was coated using Giomer (PRG Barrier Coat, PBC), resin-modified glass-ionomer (Clinpro XT Varnish, CXT), two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Protect, SEP) or no coating (control). After 5000 thermal cycles and one-week demineralization challenge, Martens hardness of enamel beneath the coating, uncoated area and intermediate areas was measured using a Berkovich tip under 2mN load up to 200μm depth. Integrated hardness and 10-μm surface zone hardness were compared among groups. RESULTS Nanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy suggested that all materials effectively prevented demineralization in coated area. Uncoated areas presented different hardness trends; PBC showed a remarkable peak at the surface zone before reaching as low as the control, while CXT showed relatively high hardness values at all depths. SIGNIFICANCE Ion-release from coating materials affects different layers of enamel. Coatings with fluoride-releasing glass fillers contributed to reinforcement of adjacent enamel. Surface prereacted glass filler-containing PBC superficially protected neighboring enamel against demineralization, while resin-modified glass-ionomer with calcium (CXT) improved in-depth protection. Cross-sectional hardness mapping of enamel on a wide range of locations revealed minute differences in its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Z Alsayed
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Yanbu Dental Center, Saudi Ministry of Health, Al-Madina Health Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilnaz Hariri
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Syozi Nakashima
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Turki A Bakhsh
- King Abdulaziz University, Conservative Dental Sciences, P.O. Box 114759, Jeddah 21381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junji Tagami
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Alireza Sadr
- University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific St. B162, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Blöcher S, Frankenberger R, Hellak A, Schauseil M, Roggendorf MJ, Korbmacher-Steiner HM. Effect on enamel shear bond strength of adding microsilver and nanosilver particles to the primer of an orthodontic adhesive. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:42. [PMID: 25887896 PMCID: PMC4374300 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of microsilver or nanosilver particles to an orthodontic primer affects shear bond strength (SBS) and bracket/adhesive failure. Methods Bovine incisors were randomly divided into six groups with 16 specimens in each: In group 1 (control), brackets were bonded with Transbond™ XT primer. In the experimental groups, microsilver (groups 2 and 3) and nanosilver (groups 4–6) particles of different sizes were added to Transbond XT primer and light cured for 15 seconds [group 2: 0.1% (w/w) microsilver particle size 3.5–18 μm; group 3: 0.3% (w/w) microsilver particle size 3.5–18 μm; group 4: 0.11% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm; group 5: 0.18% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm; group 6: 0.33% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm]. Thereafter, brackets were bonded by light curing the adhesive for 20 seconds. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water at 37°C, SBS was measured with a Zwicki 1120 testing machine. The adhesive remnant index and the prevalence of silver spots on the specimen surface were determined under 10× magnification. Statistical two-way analysis of variance was performed to compare SBS, and a chi-square test was used to compare ARI scores and the prevalence of silver spots. Results No significant differences in SBS (control: 16.59 ± 6.82 MPa; group 2: 20.6 ± 4.19 MPa; group 3: 16.98 ± 4.84 MPa; group 4: 17.15 ± 5.92 MPa; group 5: 20.09 ± 3.35 MPa; group 6: 16.44 ± 4.51 MPa; p > 0.665) and ARI scores (p = 0.901) were found between the control group and any experimental group. Only experimental groups with nanosilver particles revealed statistically more silver spots on the remaining adhesive. Conclusions Addition of small concentrations of microsilver or nanosilver particles affects neither SBS nor ARI scores. Addition of nanosilver particles results in silver spots in the remaining primer visible under 10× magnification. Further studies are needed to investigate the anti-caries potential and clinical performance of conventional orthodontic primer with incorporated nanosilver or microsilver particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Blöcher
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hellak
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Michael Schauseil
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Matthias J Roggendorf
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Heike Maria Korbmacher-Steiner
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
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ALSAYED EZ, HARIRI I, SADR A, NAKASHIMA S, BAKHSH TA, SHIMADA Y, SUMI Y, TAGAMI J. Optical coherence tomography for evaluation of enamel and protective coatings. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:98-107. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Z. ALSAYED
- Yanbu Dental Center, Saudi Ministry of Health, Al-Madina Health Region
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department and Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program
| | - Ilnaz HARIRI
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
| | - Alireza SADR
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, International Exchange Center and Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
| | - Syozi NAKASHIMA
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
| | | | - Yasushi SHIMADA
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
| | - Yasunori SUMI
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department for Advanced Dental Research, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department
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15
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Zingler S, Matthei B, Kohl A, Saure D, Ludwig B, Diercke K, Lux CJ, Erber R. In vitro studies on the cytotoxic potential of surface sealants. J Orofac Orthop 2014; 76:66-78. [PMID: 25420945 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-014-0269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this in vitro study was an initial screening of the cytotoxic potential of widely used smooth enamel surface sealants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 products were allocated to four groups based on their chemical composition: (1) filled resin-based sealants, (2) unfilled resin-based sealants, (3) a resin-modified, glass ionomer-based sealant, and (4) silicone-based sealants. All materials were applied to human enamel slices both in accordance with manufacturers' instructions and in additional experiments applying 50% undercuring and 50% overcuring. An agar overlay assay was then used to test the specimens following ISO 10933. The cytotoxic potential of each material was interpreted based on a reaction index that summarized the decolorization and lysis scores obtained. RESULTS The cytotoxic potential decreased as follows: unfilled resin-based sealants > filled resin-based sealants > resin-modified, glass ionomer-based sealant > silicone-based sealants. In 75% of the resin-based products, deliberate undercuring was associated with more extensive decolorization zones, leading to higher rates of cytotoxic potential in two of those products. Overcuring, by contrast, was associated with a tendency for smaller decolorization zones in 50% of the resin-based products. CONCLUSION Surface sealants derived from resin monomers exhibited cytotoxic potential in the agar overlay assay. There is also evidence of a possible association with curing, as undercuring can increase the cytotoxic potential, whereas normal curing (as per manufacturers' instructions) or overcuring may help minimize such effects. More research into the biological implications of these materials is needed, especially with regard to their potential impact on the adjacent gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zingler
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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