1
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Szántó M, Yélamos J, Bai P. Specific and shared biological functions of PARP2 - is PARP2 really a lil' brother of PARP1? Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e13. [PMID: 38698556 PMCID: PMC11140550 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
PARP2, that belongs to the family of ADP-ribosyl transferase enzymes (ART), is a discovery of the millennium, as it was identified in 1999. Although PARP2 was described initially as a DNA repair factor, it is now evident that PARP2 partakes in the regulation or execution of multiple biological processes as inflammation, carcinogenesis and cancer progression, metabolism or oxidative stress-related diseases. Hereby, we review the involvement of PARP2 in these processes with the aim of understanding which processes are specific for PARP2, but not for other members of the ART family. A better understanding of the specific functions of PARP2 in all of these biological processes is crucial for the development of new PARP-centred selective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Szántó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - José Yélamos
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Péter Bai
- HUN-REN-UD Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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2
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Shi F, Hong L, Li L, Diao H. zVAD alleviates experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice by increasing the sensitivity of macrophage to TNFR1-dependent necroptosis. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102904. [PMID: 36108506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by hepatocyte destruction, leading to lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation in the liver. Macrophages are key drivers of AIH. A membrane-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD), induces macrophage necroptosis in response to certain stimuli. However, the function of zVAD in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of zVAD against AIH. METHODS Murine acute autoimmune liver injury was established by concanavalin A (ConA) injection. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used in adoptive cell transfer experiments. The mechanism of action of zVAD was examined using macrophage cell lines and BMDMs. Phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like proteins was used as a marker of necroptosis. RESULTS Treatment with zVAD increased necroptosis, reduced inflammatory cytokine production, and alleviated liver injury in a ConA-induced liver injury mouse model. Regardless of zVAD treatment, macrophage deletion resulted in reduced neutrophil accumulation and relieved ConA-induced liver injury. In vitro studies have shown that zVAD pretreatment promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage necroptosis and leads to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion. Transferring zVAD-pretreated BMDMs in mice notably reduced ConA-associated liver inflammation and injury, resulting in lower mortality than that observed after transferring normal BMDMs. Mechanistically, zVAD treatment increased the expression of tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1 and interleukin (IL)-10 in macrophages. TNFR1 expression decreased upon transfection with IL-10-specific small interfering RNAs and blocking of TNFR1 decreased macrophage necroptosis. CONCLUSIONS We found that zVAD alleviated ConA-induced liver injury by increasing the sensitivity of macrophages to necroptosis via IL-10-induced TNFR1 expression. This study provides new insights into the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis via zVAD-induced macrophage necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China.
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Tiegs G, Horst AK. TNF in the liver: targeting a central player in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:445-459. [PMID: 35122118 PMCID: PMC9256556 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine. First recognized as an endogenous soluble factor that induces necrosis of solid tumours, TNF became increasingly important as pro-inflammatory cytokine being involved in the immunopathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In the liver, TNF induces numerous biological responses such as hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis, liver inflammation and regeneration, and autoimmunity, but also progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering these multiple functions of TNF in the liver, we propose anti-TNF therapies that specifically target TNF signalling at the level of its specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea K Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Kondo T, Macdonald S, Engelmann C, Habtesion A, Macnaughtan J, Mehta G, Mookerjee RP, Davies N, Pavesi M, Moreau R, Angeli P, Arroyo V, Andreola F, Jalan R. The role of RIPK1 mediated cell death in acute on chronic liver failure. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:5. [PMID: 34921136 PMCID: PMC8683430 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized predominantly by non-apoptotic forms of hepatocyte cell death. Necroptosis is a form of programmed lytic cell death in which receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1, RIPK3 and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (pMLKL) are key components. This study was performed to determine the role of RIPK1 mediated cell death in ACLF. RIPK3 plasma levels and hepatic expression of RIPK1, RIPK3, and pMLKL were measured in healthy volunteers, stable patients with cirrhosis, and in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis, with and without ACLF (AD). The role of necroptosis in ACLF was studied in two animal models of ACLF using inhibitors of RIPK1, necrostatin-1 (NEC-1) and SML2100 (RIPA56). Plasma RIPK3 levels predicted the risk of 28- and 90-day mortality (AUROC, 0.653 (95%CI 0.530–0.776), 0.696 (95%CI 0.593–0.799)] and also the progression of patients from no ACLF to ACLF [0.744 (95%CI 0.593–0.895)] and the results were validated in a 2nd patient cohort. This pattern was replicated in a rodent model of ACLF that was induced by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to bile-duct ligated rats and carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis mice administered galactosamine (CCL4/GalN). Suppression of caspase-8 activity in ACLF rodent model was observed suggesting a switch from caspase-dependent cell death to necroptosis. NEC-1 treatment prior to administration of LPS significantly reduced the severity of ACLF manifested by reduced liver, kidney, and brain injury mirrored by reduced hepatic and renal cell death. Similar hepato-protective effects were observed with RIPA56 in a murine model of ACLF induced by CCL4/GalN. These data demonstrate for the first time the importance of RIPK1 mediated cell death in human and rodent ACLF. Inhibition of RIPK1 is a potential novel therapeutic approach to prevent progression of susceptible patients from no ACLF to ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kondo
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Stewart Macdonald
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cornelius Engelmann
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.,Section Hepatology, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abeba Habtesion
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Macnaughtan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gautam Mehta
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajeshwar P Mookerjee
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Davies
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Pavesi
- European Foundation of the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Moreau
- European Foundation of the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain.,Inserm, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy, Paris, France.,UMRS1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Paolo Angeli
- European Foundation of the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain.,Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine - DIMED University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- European Foundation of the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fausto Andreola
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.
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5
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Abdel-Rafei MK, Thabet NM, El Tawel G, El Bakary NM, El Fatih NM, Sh Azab K. Role of leptin/STAT3 signaling and RIP-kinases in fucoxanthin influences on mice exposed to LPS and gamma radiation. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2008451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K. Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura M. Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El Tawel
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M. El Bakary
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neama M. El Fatih
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Sh Azab
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Ge Y, Tian T, Huang S, Wan F, Li J, Li S, Wang X, Yang H, Hong L, Wu N, Yuan E, Luo Y, Cheng L, Hu C, Lei Y, Shu H, Feng X, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Chi Y, Guo X, Cui L, Xiao L, Li Z, Yang C, Miao Z, Chen L, Li H, Zeng H, Zhao D, Zhu F, Shen X, Zeng J. An integrative drug repositioning framework discovered a potential therapeutic agent targeting COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:165. [PMID: 33895786 PMCID: PMC8065335 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires an urgent need to find effective therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we developed an integrative drug repositioning framework, which fully takes advantage of machine learning and statistical analysis approaches to systematically integrate and mine large-scale knowledge graph, literature and transcriptome data to discover the potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Our in silico screening followed by wet-lab validation indicated that a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor, CVL218, currently in Phase I clinical trial, may be repurposed to treat COVID-19. Our in vitro assays revealed that CVL218 can exhibit effective inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication without obvious cytopathic effect. In addition, we showed that CVL218 can interact with the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and is able to suppress the LPS-induced production of several inflammatory cytokines that are highly relevant to the prevention of immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Ge
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Tingzhong Tian
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Suling Huang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangping Wan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shuya Li
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hui Yang
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lixiang Hong
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Wu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Enming Yuan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunan Luo
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, IL USA
| | - Lili Cheng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengliang Hu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipin Lei
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hantao Shu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Feng
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province China
| | - Ziyuan Jiang
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfu Wu
- Inner Mongolia Alashan League Organization Establishment Committee Office Electronic Support Center, Alashan, Inner Mongolia China
| | - Ying Chi
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiling Guo
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Liang Xiao
- grid.507918.2Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Li
- grid.507918.2Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehong Miao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Li
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hainian Zeng
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Dan Zhao
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiaokun Shen
- grid.507918.2Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyang Zeng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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7
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Ge Y, Tian T, Huang S, Wan F, Li J, Li S, Wang X, Yang H, Hong L, Wu N, Yuan E, Luo Y, Cheng L, Hu C, Lei Y, Shu H, Feng X, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Chi Y, Guo X, Cui L, Xiao L, Li Z, Yang C, Miao Z, Chen L, Li H, Zeng H, Zhao D, Zhu F, Shen X, Zeng J. An integrative drug repositioning framework discovered a potential therapeutic agent targeting COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:165. [PMID: 33895786 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.11.986836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires an urgent need to find effective therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we developed an integrative drug repositioning framework, which fully takes advantage of machine learning and statistical analysis approaches to systematically integrate and mine large-scale knowledge graph, literature and transcriptome data to discover the potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Our in silico screening followed by wet-lab validation indicated that a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor, CVL218, currently in Phase I clinical trial, may be repurposed to treat COVID-19. Our in vitro assays revealed that CVL218 can exhibit effective inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication without obvious cytopathic effect. In addition, we showed that CVL218 can interact with the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and is able to suppress the LPS-induced production of several inflammatory cytokines that are highly relevant to the prevention of immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Ge
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingzhong Tian
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suling Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangping Wan
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuya Li
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Silexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Silexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lixiang Hong
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Wu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Enming Yuan
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunan Luo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Lili Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipin Lei
- Silexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hantao Shu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Feng
- School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ziyuan Jiang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfu Wu
- Inner Mongolia Alashan League Organization Establishment Committee Office Electronic Support Center, Alashan, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ying Chi
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiling Guo
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Li
- Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehong Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hainian Zeng
- Silexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaokun Shen
- Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianyang Zeng
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Li X, Dong G, Xiong H, Diao H. A narrative review of the role of necroptosis in liver disease: a double-edged sword. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:422. [PMID: 33842643 PMCID: PMC8033311 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver injuries lead to hepatocyte death and turnover. When injuries become chronic, continuous cell death and transformation lead to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually carcinoma. A therapeutic strategy of great significance for liver disease is to control hepatocyte death in acute and chronic injuries. This strategy prevents hepatocytes from causing liver failure and inhibits both secondary inflammation and fibrosis. Both apoptosis and necrosis have been proven to occur in the liver, but the role of necroptosis in liver diseases is controversial. Necroptosis, which has features of necrosis and apoptosis, is a regulatory process that occurs in some cell types when caspases are inhibited. The signaling pathway of necroptosis is characterized by the activation of receptor-interacting proteins kinase (RIPK) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Necroptosis is associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases and has been the focus of research in recent years. The incidence of necroptosis in liver tissues has been studied recently in several liver injury models, but the results of the studies are not consistent. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published data on the involvement of necroptosis in liver injury, focusing on the controversies, issues remaining to be discussed, and potential therapeutic applications in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Khan HA, Munir T, Khan JA, Shafia Tehseen Gul AH, Ahmad MZ, Aslam MA, Umar MN, Arshad MI. IL-33 ameliorates liver injury and inflammation in Poly I:C and Concanavalin-A induced acute hepatitis. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104716. [PMID: 33383149 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The IL-33/ST2 axis is known to be involved in liver pathologies and IL-33 is over-expressed in mouse hepatitis models. We aimed to investigate the proposed protective effect of IL-33 in murine fulminant hepatitis induced by a Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) viral mimetic, Poly I:C or by Concanavalin-A (ConA). The Balb/C mice were administered intravenously with ConA (15 mg/kg) or Poly I:C (30 μg/mouse) to induce acute hepatitis along with vehicle control. The recombinant mouse IL-33 (rIL-33) was injected (0.2 μg/mouse) to mice 2 h prior to ConA or Poly I:C injection to check its hepato-protective effects. The gross lesions, level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), histopathology (H&E staining) and levels of IFNγ and TNFα were measured by ELISA. The gross pathological liver injury induced by Poly I:C or ConA was reduced by rIL-33 administration in mice. The levels of AST and ALT were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in mice challenged with Poly I:C or ConA in comparison to control mice. The rIL-33 pre-treated mice in both Poly I:C and ConA challenge groups showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower levels of AST and ALT, and decreased liver injury (parenchymal and per-vascular necrotic areas) in histological liver sections. The soluble levels of TNFα and IFNγ were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) raised in Poly I:C or ConA challenged mice than control mice. The levels of TNFα and IFNγ were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in rIL-33 pre-treated mice. In conclusion, the exogenous IL-33 administration mitigated liver injury and inflammation (decreased levels of IFNγ and TNFα) in Poly I:C and ConA-induced acute hepatitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Munir
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zishan Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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10
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Shojaie L, Iorga A, Dara L. Cell Death in Liver Diseases: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249682. [PMID: 33353156 PMCID: PMC7766597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is pivotal in directing the severity and outcome of liver injury. Hepatocyte cell death is a critical event in the progression of liver disease due to resultant inflammation leading to fibrosis. Apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and recently, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, have all been investigated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. These cell death subroutines display distinct features, while sharing many similar characteristics with considerable overlap and crosstalk. Multiple types of cell death modes can likely coexist, and the death of different liver cell populations may contribute to liver injury in each type of disease. This review addresses the known signaling cascades in each cell death pathway and its implications in liver disease. In this review, we describe the common findings in each disease model, as well as the controversies and the limitations of current data with a particular focus on cell death-related research in humans and in rodent models of alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis (NASH/NAFLD), acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, autoimmune hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease, and viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Shojaie
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrea Iorga
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lily Dara
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Simpson J, Loh Z, Ullah MA, Lynch JP, Werder RB, Collinson N, Zhang V, Dondelinger Y, Bertrand MJM, Everard ML, Blyth CC, Hartel G, Van Oosterhout AJ, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Upham JW, Spann KM, Phipps S. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Promotes Necroptosis and HMGB1 Release by Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1358-1371. [PMID: 32105156 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1149oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis causes significant infant mortality. Bronchiolitis is characterized by airway epithelial cell (AEC) death; however, the mode of death remains unknown.Objectives: To determine whether necroptosis contributes to RSV bronchiolitis pathogenesis via HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) release.Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children presenting to the hospital with acute respiratory infection. Primary human AECs and neonatal mice were inoculated with RSV and murine Pneumovirus, respectively. Necroptosis was determined via viability assays and immunohistochemistry for RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase-1), MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase) protein, and caspase-3. Necroptosis was blocked using pharmacological inhibitors and RIPK1 kinase-dead knockin mice.Measurements and Main Results: HMGB1 levels were elevated in nasopharyngeal samples of children with acute RSV infection. RSV-induced epithelial cell death was associated with increased phosphorylated RIPK1 and phosphorylated MLKL but not active caspase-3 expression. Inhibition of RIPK1 or MLKL attenuated RSV-induced HMGB1 translocation and release, and lowered viral load. MLKL inhibition increased active caspase-3 expression in a caspase-8/9-dependent manner. In susceptible mice, Pneumovirus infection upregulated RIPK1 and MLKL expression in the airway epithelium at 8 to 10 days after infection, coinciding with AEC sloughing, HMGB1 release, and neutrophilic inflammation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1 or MLKL attenuated these pathologies, lowered viral load, and prevented type 2 inflammation and airway remodeling. Necroptosis inhibition in early life ameliorated asthma progression induced by viral or allergen challenge in later life.Conclusions: Pneumovirus infection induces AEC necroptosis. Inhibition of necroptosis may be a viable strategy to limit the severity of viral bronchiolitis and break its nexus with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Simpson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Loh
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Md Ashik Ullah
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P Lynch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B Werder
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Vivian Zhang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yves Dondelinger
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christopher C Blyth
- School of Medicine and.,Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | | | | | | | - John W Upham
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Kirsten M Spann
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
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12
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Engelmann C, Sheikh M, Sharma S, Kondo T, Loeffler-Wirth H, Zheng YB, Novelli S, Hall A, Kerbert AJC, Macnaughtan J, Mookerjee R, Habtesion A, Davies N, Ali T, Gupta S, Andreola F, Jalan R. Toll-like receptor 4 is a therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of liver failure. J Hepatol 2020; 73:102-112. [PMID: 31987990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an essential role in mediating organ injury in acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Herein, we assess whether inhibiting TLR4 signaling can ameliorate liver failure and serve as a potential treatment. METHODS Circulating TLR4 ligands and hepatic TLR4 expression were measured in plasma samples and liver biopsies from patients with cirrhosis. TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) was tested in vivo (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) in rodent models of ACLF (bile duct ligation + lipopolysaccharide [LPS]; carbon tetrachloride + LPS) and ALF (galactosamine + LPS) and in vitro on immortalized human monocytes (THP-1) and hepatocytes (HHL5). The in vivo therapeutic effect was assessed by coma-free survival, organ injury and cytokine release and in vitro by measuring IL-6, IL-1β or cell injury (TUNEL), respectively. RESULTS In patients with cirrhosis, hepatic TLR4 expression was upregulated and circulating TLR4 ligands were increased (p <0.001). ACLF in rodents was associated with a switch from apoptotic cell death in ALF to non-apoptotic forms of cell death. TAK-242 reduced LPS-induced cytokine secretion and cell death (p = 0.002) in hepatocytes and monocytes in vitro. In rodent models of ACLF, TAK-242 administration improved coma-free survival, reduced the degree of hepatocyte cell death in the liver (p <0.001) and kidneys (p = 0.048) and reduced circulating cytokine levels (IL-1β, p <0.001). In a rodent model of ALF, TAK-242 prevented organ injury (p <0.001) and systemic inflammation (IL-1β, p <0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows that TLR4 signaling is a key factor in the development of both ACLF and ALF; its inhibition reduces the severity of organ injury and improves outcome. TAK-242 may be of therapeutic relevance in patients with liver failure. LAY SUMMARY Toll-like receptor 4 (or TLR4) mediates endotoxin-induced tissue injury in liver failure and cirrhosis. This receptor sensitizes cells to endotoxins, which are produced by gram-negative bacteria. Thus, inhibiting TLR4 signaling with an inhibitor (TAK-242) ameliorates organ injury and systemic inflammation in rodent models of acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Engelmann
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Section Hepatology, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammed Sheikh
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shreya Sharma
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu Bao Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Simone Novelli
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew Hall
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annarein J C Kerbert
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Macnaughtan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeshwar Mookerjee
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abeba Habtesion
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Davies
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tauhid Ali
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Fausto Andreola
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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13
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Sarcognato S, de Jong IEM, Fabris L, Cadamuro M, Guido M. Necroptosis in Cholangiocarcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040982. [PMID: 32326539 PMCID: PMC7226990 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of regulated cell death that is increasingly being recognized as a relevant pathway in different pathological conditions. Necroptosis can occur in response to multiple stimuli, is triggered by the activation of death receptors, and is regulated by receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like, which form a regulatory complex called the necrosome. Accumulating evidence suggests that necroptosis plays a complex role in cancer, which is likely context-dependent and can vary among different types of neoplasms. Necroptosis serves as an alternative mode of programmed cell death overcoming apoptosis and, as a pro-inflammatory death type, it may inhibit tumor progression by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns to elicit robust cross-priming of anti-tumor CD8+ T cells. The development of therapeutic strategies triggering necroptosis shows great potential for anti-cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on necroptosis and its role in liver biliary neoplasms, underlying the potential of targeting necroptosis components for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sarcognato
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Iris E. M. de Jong
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine—DMM, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0422-322750
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14
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Necroptosis signaling in liver diseases: An update. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104439. [PMID: 31476369 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The apoptosis alternate cell death pathways are extensively studied in recent years and their significance has been well recognized. With identification of newer cell death pathways, the therapeutic opportunities to modulate cell death have indeed further extended. Necroptosis, among other apoptosis alternate pathways, has been immensely studied recently in different hepatic disease models. Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL) seemed to be the key players to mediate necroptosis pathway. Initially, necroptosis seemed to be following the typical pathway. But recently diverse pathways and outcomes have been observed. With recent studies reporting diverse outcomes, the necroptosis signalling has become a lot more interesting and intricate. The typical RIPK1 signalling followed by RIPK3 and MLKL might not always be strictly followed. Although, necroptosis signalling has been intensively investigated in various disease conditions; however, there is still a need to further elaborate and understand the unique scaffolding and kinase properties and other signalling interactions of necroptosis signalling molecules.
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15
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Lyu Y, Tian J, Li J, Chen P, Pu K. Semiconducting Polymer Nanobiocatalysts for Photoactivation of Intracellular Redox Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13484-13488. [PMID: 30109772 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An organic semiconducting polymer nanobiocatalyst (SPNB) composed of a semiconducting polymer core conjugated with microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) has been developed for photoactivation of intracellular redox. The core serves as the light-harvesting unit to initiate photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and facilitate the regeneration of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), while CYP is the catalytic center for intracellular redox. Under light irradiation, the semiconducting core can efficiently catalyze the generation of NADPH with a turnover frequency (TOF) 75 times higher than the reported nanosystems, ensuring the supply of the cofactor for intracellular redox. SPNB-mediated intracellular redox thus can be efficiently activated by light in living cells to convert the model substrate and also to trigger the bioactivation of anticancer drugs. This study provides an organic nanobiocatalytic system that allows light to remotely control intracellular redox in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jingqi Tian
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jingchao Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
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16
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Lyu Y, Tian J, Li J, Chen P, Pu K. Semiconducting Polymer Nanobiocatalysts for Photoactivation of Intracellular Redox Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Jingqi Tian
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Jingchao Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
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17
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Lee YS, Park KM, Yu L, Kwak HH, Na HJ, Kang KS, Woo HM. Necroptosis Is a Mechanism of Death in Mouse Induced Hepatocyte-Like Cells Reprogrammed from Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. Mol Cells 2018; 41:639-645. [PMID: 29991669 PMCID: PMC6078850 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is recommended for patients with liver failure, but liver donors are limited. This necessitates the development of artificial livers, and hepatocytes are necessary to develop such artificial livers. Although induced hepatocyte-like cells are used in artificial livers, the characteristics of mouse induced hepatocyte-like cells (miHeps) reprogrammed with embryonic fibroblasts have not yet been clarified. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms underlying the survival, function, and death of miHeps. miHeps showed decreased cell viability, increased cytotoxicity, decreased hepatic function, and albumin and urea secretion at passage 14. Addition of necrostatin-1 (NEC-1) to miHeps inhibited necrosome formation and reactive oxygen species generation and increased cell survival. However, NEC-1 did not affect the hepatic function of miHeps. These results provide a basis for development of artificial livers using hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Suk Lee
- Hauul Bio Incorporation, Chuncheon 24398,
Korea
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644,
Korea
| | - Lina Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Na
- Hauul Bio Incorporation, Chuncheon 24398,
Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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18
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Kim SJ, Lee SM. Necrostatin-1 Protects Against D-Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Injury by Preventing TLR4 and RAGE Signaling. Inflammation 2018; 40:1912-1923. [PMID: 28752362 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome results in massive inflammation and hepatocyte death. Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrotic cell death that is emerging as a crucial control point for inflammatory diseases. The kinases receptor interacting protein (RIP) 1 and RIP3 are known as key modulators of necroptosis. In this study, we investigated the impact of necroptosis in the pathogenesis of FHF and molecular mechanisms, particularly its linkage to damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-mediated pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathways. Male C57BL/6 mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of necrostatin-1 (Nec-1, RIP1 inhibitor; 1.8 mg/kg; dissolved in 2% dimethyl sulfoxide in phosphate-buffered saline) 1 h before receiving D-galactosamine (GalN; 800 mg/kg)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 40 μg/kg). Hepatic RIP1, RIP3 protein expression, their phosphorylation, and RIP1/RIP3 complex formation upregulated in the GalN/LPS group were attenuated by Nec-1. Nec-1 markedly reduced the increases in mortality and serum alanine aminotransferase activity induced by GalN/LPS. Increased serum high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin (IL)-33 release, HMGB1-toll-like receptor 4 and HMGB1-receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) interaction, and nuclear protein expressions of NF-κB and early growth response protein-1 (egr-1) were attenuated by Nec-1. Our finding suggests that necroptosis is responsible for GalN/LPS-induced liver injury through DAMP-activated PRR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Joo Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Necrosis is a hallmark of several widespread diseases or their direct complications. In the past decade, we learned that necrosis can be a regulated process that is potentially druggable. RIPK3- and MLKL-mediated necroptosis represents by far the best studied pathway of regulated necrosis. During necroptosis, the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) drives a phenomenon referred to as necroinflammation, a common consequence of necrosis. However, most studies of regulated necrosis investigated cell lines in vitro in a cell autonomous manner, which represents a non-physiological situation. Conclusions based on such work might not necessarily be transferrable to disease states in which synchronized, non-cell autonomous effects occur. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the pathophysiological relevance of necroptosis in vivo, and in light of this understanding, we reassess the morphological classification of necrosis that is generally used by pathologists. Along these lines, we discuss the paucity of data implicating necroptosis in human disease. Finally, the in vivo relevance of non-necroptotic forms of necrosis, such as ferroptosis, is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
The receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase1 and 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) are regulators of cell death and survival. RIPK1 kinase activity is required for necroptosis and apoptosis, while its scaffolding function is necessary for survival. Although both proteins can mediate apoptosis, RIPK1 and RIPK3 are most well-known for their role in the execution of necroptosis via the mixed lineage domain like pseudokinase. Necroptosis is a caspase-independent regulated cell death program which was first described in cultured cells with unknown physiologic relevance in the liver. Many recent reports have suggested that RIPK1 and/or RIPK3 participate in liver disease pathogenesis and cell death. Notably, both proteins have been shown to mediate inflammation independent of cell death. Whether necroptosis occurs in hepatocytes, and how it is executed in the presence of an intact caspase machinery is controversial. In spite of this controversy, it is evident that RIPK1 and RIPK3 participate in many experimental liver disease models. Therefore, in addition to cell death signaling, their necroptosis-independent role warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Dara
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California,Division of GI/Liver, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
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21
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Regulated Cell Death. DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS IN HUMAN DISEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123501 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78655-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, the various subroutines of regulated cell death are neatly described by highlighting apoptosis and subforms of regulated necrosis such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and NETosis. Typically, all forms of regulated necrosis are defined by finite rupture of the plasma cell membrane. Apoptosis is characterized by an enzymatic machinery that consists of caspases which cause the morphologic features of this type of cell death. Mechanistically, apoptosis can be instigated by two major cellular signalling pathways: an intrinsic pathway that is initiated inside cells by mitochondrial release of pro-apoptotic factors or an extrinsic pathway that is initiated at the cell surface by various death receptors. In necroptosis, the biochemical processes are distinct from those found in apoptosis; in particular, there is no caspase activation. As such, necroptosis is a kinase-mediated cell death that relies on “receptor-interacting protein kinase 3” which mediates phosphorylation of the pseudokinase “mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein.” While ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative form of regulated necrosis that is biochemically characterized by accumulation of ROS from iron metabolism, oxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation products, pyroptosis is defined as a form of cell death (predominantly of phagocytes) that develops during inflammasome activation and is executed by caspase-mediated cleavage of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D. Finally, NETosis refers to a regulated death of neutrophils that is characterized by the release of chromatin-derived weblike structures released into the extracellular space. The chapter ends up with a discussion on the characteristic feature of regulated necrosis: the passive release of large amounts of constitutive DAMPs as a consequence of final plasma membrane rupture as well as the active secretion of inducible DAMPs earlier during the dying process. Notably, per cell death subroutine, the active secretion of inducible DAMPs varies, thereby determining different immunogenicity of dying cells.
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Filliol A, Piquet-Pellorce C, Dion S, Genet V, Lucas-Clerc C, Dantzer F, Samson M. PARP2 deficiency affects invariant-NKT-cell maturation and protects mice from concanavalin A-induced liver injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G399-G409. [PMID: 28751426 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00436.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Excessive or persistent inflammation and hepatocyte death are the key triggers of liver diseases. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins induce cell death and inflammation. Chemical inhibition of PARP activity protects against liver injury during concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis. In this mice model, ConA activates immune cells, which promote inflammation and induce hepatocyte death, mediated by the activated invariant natural killer T (iNKT) lymphocyte population. We analyzed immune cell populations in the liver and several lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow in Parp2-deficient mice to better define the role of PARP proteins in liver immunity and inflammation at steady state and during ConA-induced hepatitis. We show that 1) the genetic inactivation of Parp2, but not Parp1, protected mice from ConA hepatitis without deregulating cytokine expression and leucocyte recruitment; 2) cellularity was lower in the thymus, but not in spleen, liver, or bone marrow of Parp2-/- mice; 3) spleen and liver iNKT lymphocytes, as well as thymic T and NKT lymphocytes were reduced in Parp2 knockout mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that the defect of T-lymphocyte maturation in Parp2 knockout mice leads to a systemic reduction of iNKT cells, reducing hepatocyte death during ConA-mediated liver damage, thus protecting the mice from hepatitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The genetic inactivation of Parp2, but not Parp1, protects mice from concanavalin A hepatitis. Immune cell populations are lower in the thymus, but not in the spleen, liver, or bone marrow of Parp2-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Spleen and liver invariant natural killer T (NKT) lymphocytes, as well as thymic T and NKT lymphocytes, are reduced in Parp2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aveline Filliol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Structure Fédérative BioSit, UMS 3480, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 INSERM, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Structure Fédérative BioSit, UMS 3480, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 INSERM, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Dion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Structure Fédérative BioSit, UMS 3480, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 INSERM, Rennes, France
| | - Valentine Genet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Structure Fédérative BioSit, UMS 3480, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 INSERM, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Lucas-Clerc
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Biochimie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; and
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Université de Strasbourg, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Michel Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; .,Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Structure Fédérative BioSit, UMS 3480, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 INSERM, Rennes, France
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Seo MJ, Hong JM, Kim SJ, Lee SM. Genipin protects d -galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury through suppression of the necroptosis-mediated inflammasome signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:128-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Saeed WK, Jun DW, Jang K, Chae YJ, Lee JS, Kang HT. Does necroptosis have a crucial role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184752. [PMID: 28957350 PMCID: PMC5619711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated protective effects of anti-receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), a key necroptosis molecule. However, it is uncertain whether necroptosis has a crucial role in hepatic IR injury. Therefore, we evaluated the role of necroptosis in hepatic IR injury. Method The IR mice underwent 70% segmental IR injury induced by the clamping of the hepatic artery and portal vein for 1 hr followed by reperfusion for 4 hr. The key necroptosis molecules (RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL) and other key molecules of regulated necrosis (PGAM5 and caspase-1) were evaluated in the warm IR injury model. A RIP1 inhibitor (necrostain-1s) and/or an anti-mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-mediated necrosis mediator (cyclosporine A, CyA) were administered before clamping. Necrotic injury was quantified using Suzuki’s scoring system. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to evaluate RIP1, RIP3, MLKL and PGAM5 expressions. Results RIP1, RIP3, MLKL and PGAM5 expression did not change in the hepatic IR injury model. Moreover, Nec1s pretreatment did not improve histology or biochemical markers. The overall Suzuki score (cytoplasmic vacuolization, sinusoidal congestion and hepatocytes necrosis) was increased in the RIP3(-/-) mice compared to the IR group (3.5 vs. 5, p = 0.026). CyA pretreatment and/or RIP3(-/-) mice decreased Bax/Bcl2 expression; however, it did lead to an overall change in the levels of AST, ALT and LDH or necrotic injury. The Bax/Bcl2 ratio and the expression of caspase-1 and caspase-3 did not increase in our hepatic IR injury model. Conclusion Key necroptosis molecules did not increase in the necrosis-dominant hepatic IR injury model. Anti-necroptosis and/or cyclosporine-A treatment did not have an overall protective effect on necrosis-dominant hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar K. Saeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate school of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Chae
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate school of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jai Sun Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate school of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Tae Kang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate school of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
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Crosstalk of liver immune cells and cell death mechanisms in different murine models of liver injury and its clinical relevance. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:245-256. [PMID: 28603092 PMCID: PMC7172563 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic interventions. DATA SOURCES The data of mouse hepatic models and relevant human liver diseases presented in this review are systematically collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science databases published in English. RESULTS The hepatotoxic liver injury in mice induced by the metabolites of CCl4, acetaminophen or alcohol represent necrotic cell death with activation of cytochrome pathway, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage. The Fas or TNF-alpha induced apoptotic liver injury was dependent on activation of caspases, release of cytochrome c and apoptosome formation. The ConA-hepatitis demonstrated the involvement of TRAIL-dependent necrotic/necroptotic cell death with activation of RIPK1/3. The alpha-GalCer-induced liver injury was mediated by TNF-alpha. The LPS-induced hepatitis involved TNF-alpha, Fas/FasL, and perforin/granzyme cell death pathways. The MHV3 or Poly(I:C) induced liver injury was mediated by natural killer cells and TNF-alpha signaling. The necrotic ischemia-reperfusion liver injury was mediated by hypoxia, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, necroptotic cell death was found in partial hepatectomy. The crucial role of immune cells and cell death mediators in viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV), drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease in human were discussed. CONCLUSIONS The mouse animal models of hepatitis provide a parallel approach for the study of human liver pathology. Blocking or stimulating the pathways associated with liver cell death could unveil the novel therapeutic strategies in the management of liver diseases.
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The Absence of Interferon-β Promotor Stimulator-1 (IPS-1) Predisposes to Bronchiolitis and Asthma-like Pathology in Response to Pneumoviral Infection in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2353. [PMID: 28539639 PMCID: PMC5443759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality and a risk factor for subsequent asthma. We showed previously that toll-like receptor (TLR)7 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is critical for protection against bronchiolitis and asthma in mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), the mouse homolog of RSV. This lack of redundancy was unexpected as interferon-β promotor stimulator-1 (IPS-1) signalling, downstream of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and not TLR7 activation, contributes to host defence in hRSV-inoculated adult mice. To further clarify the role of IPS-1 signalling, we inoculated IPS-1−/− and WT mice with PVM in early-life, and again in later-life, to model the association between bronchiolitis and asthma. IPS-1 deficiency predisposed to severe PVM bronchiolitis, characterised by neutrophilic inflammation and necroptotic airway epithelial cell death, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and IL-33 release, and downstream type-2 inflammation. Secondary infection induced an eosinophilic asthma-like pathophysiology in IPS-1−/− but not WT mice. Mechanistically, we identified that IPS-1 is necessary for pDC recruitment, IFN-α production and viral control. Our findings suggest that TLR7 and RLR signalling work collaboratively to optimally control the host response to pneumovirus infection thereby protecting against viral bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma.
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Dara L, Liu ZX, Kaplowitz N. Questions and controversies: the role of necroptosis in liver disease. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16089. [PMID: 27924226 PMCID: PMC5136616 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver injury results in hepatocyte death and turnover. If injury becomes chronic, the continuous cell death and turnover leads to chronic inflammation, fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Controlling liver cell death both in acute injury, to rescue the liver from acute liver failure, and in chronic injury, to curb secondary inflammation and fibrosis, is of paramount importance as a therapeutic strategy. Both apoptosis and necrosis occur in the liver, but the occurrence of necroptosis in the liver and its contribution to liver disease is controversial. Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis which occurs in certain cell types when caspases (+/-cIAPs) are inhibited through the RIPK1-RIPK3 activation of MLKL. The occurrence of necroptosis in the liver has recently been examined in multiple liver injury models with conflicting results. The aim of this review is to summarize the published data with an emphasis on the controversies and remaining questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Dara
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of GI/Liver, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhang-Xu Liu
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of GI/Liver, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of GI/Liver, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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RIPK1 protects from TNF-α-mediated liver damage during hepatitis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2462. [PMID: 27831558 PMCID: PMC5260888 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death of hepatocytes is a prominent characteristic in the pathogenesis of liver disease, while hepatolysis is a starting point of inflammation in hepatitis and loss of hepatic function. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte cell death, the role of the cytokines of hepatic microenvironment and the involvement of intracellular kinases, remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a key cytokine involved in cell death or survival pathways and the role of RIPK1 has been associated to the TNF-α-dependent signaling pathway. We took advantage of two different deficient mouse lines, the RIPK1 kinase dead knock-in mice (Ripk1K45A) and the conditional knockout mice lacking RIPK1 only in liver parenchymal cells (Ripk1LPC-KO), to characterize the role of RIPK1 and TNF-α in hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (ConA). Our results show that RIPK1 is dispensable for liver homeostasis under steady-state conditions but in contrast, RIPK1 kinase activity contributes to caspase-independent cell death induction following ConA injection and RIPK1 also serves as a scaffold, protecting hepatocytes from massive apoptotic cell death in this model. In the Ripk1LPC-KO mice challenged with ConA, TNF-α triggers apoptosis, responsible for the observed severe hepatitis. Mechanism potentially involves both TNF-independent canonical NF-κB activation, as well as TNF-dependent, but canonical NF-κB-independent mechanisms. In conclusion, our results suggest that RIPK1 kinase activity is a pertinent therapeutic target to protect liver against excessive cell death in liver diseases.
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Potential Therapeutic Aspects of Alarmin Cytokine Interleukin 33 or Its Inhibitors in Various Diseases. Clin Ther 2016; 38:1000-1016.e1. [PMID: 26992663 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to examine the comprehensively accumulated data regarding potential therapeutic aspects of exogenous administration of interleukin 33 (IL-33) or its antagonists in allergic, cancerous, infectious, and inflammatory diseases. METHODS A selected review was undertaken of publications that examined the protective and exacerbating effects of IL-33 or its inhibitors in different diseases. Mechanisms of action are summarized to examine the putative role of IL-33 in various diseases. FINDINGS IL-33 promoted antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and vaccine adjuvant functions. However, in TH2-biased respiratory, allergic, parasitic, and inflammatory conditions, IL-33 exhibited disease-sensitizing effects. The alarmin cytokine IL-33 induced protective effects in diseases via recruitment of regulatory T cells; antiviral CD8(+) cells, natural killer cells, γδ T cells, and nuocytes; antibacterial and antifungal neutrophils or macrophages; vaccine-associated B/T cells; and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB-mediated gene transcription. In contrast, IL-33 exacerbated the disease process by increasing TH2 cytokines, IgE and eosinophilic immune responses, and inhibition of leukocyte recruitment in various diseases. IMPLICATIONS The protective or exacerbated aspects of use of IL-33 or its inhibitors are dependent on the type of infection or inflammatory condition, duration of disease (acute or chronic), organ involved, cytokine microenvironment, dose or kinetics of IL-33, and genetic predisposition. The alarmin cytokine IL-33 acts at cellular, molecular, and transcriptional levels to mediate pluripotent functions in various diseases and has potential therapeutic value to mitigate the disease process.
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Arshad MI, Guihard P, Danger Y, Noel G, Le Seyec J, Boutet MA, Richards CD, L'Helgoualc'h A, Genet V, Lucas-Clerc C, Gascan H, Blanchard F, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M. Oncostatin M induces IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in mice and expands ST2+CD4+ lymphocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G542-53. [PMID: 26251474 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is crucially involved in liver pathology and drives hepatoprotective functions. However, the regulation of IL-33 by cytokines of the IL-6 family, including oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6, is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to determine whether OSM mediates regulation of IL-33 expression in liver cells. Intramuscular administration in mice of an adenovirus encoding OSM (AdOSM) leads to increase in expression of OSM in muscles, liver, and serum of AdOSM-infected mice compared with control mice. The increase of circulating OSM markedly regulated mRNA of genes associated with blood vessel biology, chemotaxis, cellular death, induction of cell adhesion molecules, and the alarmin cytokine IL-33 in liver. Steady-state IL-33 mRNA was upregulated by OSM at an early phase (8 h) following AdOSM infection. At the protein level, the expression of IL-33 was significantly induced in liver endothelial cells [liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells] with a peak at 8 days post-AdOSM infection in mice. In addition, we found OSM-stimulated human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells and human LSEC/TRP3 cells showed a significant increase in expression of IL-33 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in cell culture. The OSM-mediated overexpression of IL-33 was associated with the activation/enrichment of CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver of AdOSM-infected mice compared with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein-treated control mice. In summary, these data suggest that the cytokine OSM regulates the IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in vivo and in HMEC-1/TRP3 cells in vitro and may specifically expand the target CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Guihard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, France
| | - Yannic Danger
- Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France; EFS, Rennes, France
| | - Gregory Noel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Le Seyec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Astrid Boutet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, France
| | - Carl D Richards
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie L'Helgoualc'h
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Valentine Genet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Lucas-Clerc
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Service de Biochimie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Hugues Gascan
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Rennes, France; and
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement et Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; Structure Fédérative BioSit UMS 3480 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-US18 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Rennes, France;
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