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Williams EJ, Cotter SC, Soulsbury CD. Consumption of Rodenticide Baits by Invertebrates as a Potential Route into the Diet of Insectivores. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3873. [PMID: 38136910 PMCID: PMC10740866 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-target species are commonly exposed to anticoagulant rodenticides worldwide, which may pose a key threat to declining species. However, the main pathway of exposure is usually unknown, potentially hindering conservation efforts. This study aimed to examine whether baits mixed with the biomarker rhodamine B can be used to track invertebrate consumption of rodenticides in a field environment, using this to observe whether invertebrate prey are a potential vector for anticoagulant rodenticides in the diet of insectivores such as the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Rhodamine B baits were found to create an observable response. Uptake was negligible in captured insects; however, 20.7% of slugs and 18.4% of snails captured showed uptake of bait. Maximum temperature, distance from bait, proximity to buildings, and the addition of copper tape to bait boxes all influenced the rate of bait uptake in molluscs. Based on these data, it seems likely that molluscs could be a source of rodenticide poisoning in insectivores. This research demonstrates which prey may pose exposure risks to insectivores and likely environmental factors, knowledge of which can guide effective mitigation measures. We suggest that further investigation into using mollusc repellents around bait boxes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Williams
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; (S.C.C.); (C.D.S.)
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Sheena C. Cotter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; (S.C.C.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Carl D. Soulsbury
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; (S.C.C.); (C.D.S.)
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Ito S, Chiba S, Konuma J. Overcoming the congenitally disadvantageous mutation through adaptation to environmental UV exposure in land snails. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230356. [PMID: 37990565 PMCID: PMC10663782 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital fitness-disadvantageous mutations are not maintained in the population; they are purged from the population through processes such as purifying selection. However, these mutations could persist in the population as polymorphisms when it is advantageous for the individuals carrying them in adapting to a specific external environment. We tested this hypothesis using the dimorphic land snail Euhadra peliomphala simodae in Japan; these snails have dark or bright coloured shells. The survival rate of dark snails at hatching was lower than that of the bright ones, as observed in the F1 progenies produced through crossing. Dark snails have a congenital fitness-disadvantageous mutation; however, they also have protection against ultraviolet radiation. They have a higher survival rate than the bright snails in a UV environment, as observed using the UV exposure experiments and UV transmittance measurements. This is a good example of a congenitally disadvantageous mutation that is advantageous for adapting to the external environment. These results explain the maintenance of polymorphism and highlight the genotypic and phenotypic diversity in the wild population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ito
- Izu Oshima Geopark Promotion Committee Office, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junji Konuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Kozminsky EV. Infection with Trematodes in Littorina obtusata Snails (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) with Different Shell Color Genotypes. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 511:196-205. [PMID: 37833573 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of infection with trematode parthenitae was studied in Littorina obtusata littoral periwinkles with different shell color genotypes. Activities of genes responsible for a purple or orange single-pigment background shell coloration was not found to affect the prevalence of trematode infection in periwinkles. In L. obtusata with a yellow-purple background shell color and a pattern of white pigment spots on the shell, the prevalence of infection with Microphallus piriformes and M. pygmaeus was lower than the theoretical expectation. The prevalence of infection in periwinkles with purple, orange, or white stripes on the shell did not differ from that of unstripped periwinkles. The differences found were presumably associated with genetically determined susceptibility to infection. Possible consequences of differential infection with trematodes in periwinkles with different shell color genotypes are discussed in terms of the stability of parasitic systems and possible changes in the phenotypic structure of the host population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Kozminsky
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Dahirel M, Gaudu V, Ansart A. Boldness and exploration vary between shell morphs but not environmental contexts in the snail
Cepaea nemoralis. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dahirel
- Univ Rennes CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
- INRAE CNRS ISA Université Côte d’Azur Sophia‐Antipolis France
| | - Valentin Gaudu
- Univ Rennes CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
| | - Armelle Ansart
- Univ Rennes CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
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Saenko SV, Schilthuizen M. Evo-devo of shell colour in gastropods and bivalves. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 69:1-5. [PMID: 33388521 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent technical innovations are revealing surprising patterns in mollusc shell pigmentation, such as an unexpectedly modest role for melanins and rapid divergences in the mix of pigments used to achieve similar colour patterns. The elucidation of the molecular genetic basis of shell pigmentation has been slow, probably because of the high genome complexity of gastropods and bivalves. Recent work within the old field of evolutionary ecology of shell pigmentation allows a greater role for the analysis of large-geographic-scale patterns (sometimes employing citizen-science data), as well as experimental field studies. However, the field remains dominated by land snails as model organisms, while colour pattern evolution in marine gastropods and bivalves, particularly those not exposed to visual predators, remains mysterious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne V Saenko
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333CR Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Schilthuizen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333CR Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Yeasts are unicellular fungi that harbour a large biodiversity of thousands of species, of which particularly ascomycetous yeasts are instrumental to human food and beverage production. There is already a large body of evidence showing that insects play an important role for yeast ecology, for their dispersal to new habitats and for breeding and overwintering opportunities. Here, we sought to investigate a potential role of the terrestrial snails Cepaea hortensis and C. nemoralis, which in Europe are often found in association with human settlements and gardens, in yeast ecology. Surprisingly, even in a relatively limited culture-dependent sampling size of over 150 isolates, we found a variety of yeast genera, including species frequently isolated from grape must such as Hanseniaspora, Metschnikowia, Meyerozyma and Pichia in snail excrements. We typed the isolates using standard ITS-PCR-sequencing, sequenced the genomes of three non-conventional yeasts H. uvarum, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and P. kudriavzevii and characterized the fermentation performance of these three strains in grape must highlighting their potential to contribute to novel beverage fermentations. Aggravatingly, however, we also retrieved several human fungal pathogen isolates from snail excrements belonging to the Candida clade, namely Ca. glabrata and Ca. lusitaniae. Overall, our results indicate that diverse yeasts can utilise snails as taxis for dispersal. This courier service may be largely non-selective and thus depend on the diet available to the snails.
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Marzec M, Kuźnik-Kowalska E, Proćków M. Shell morphology, growth pattern and population dynamics of the land snail Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828) in two areas of different climatic conditions within a temperate climate region. ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H 2020. [DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.1.69.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kwieciński Z, Rosin ZM, Jankowiak Ł, Sparks TH, Tryjanowski P. Thrush anvils are calcium source hotspots for many bird species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most important elements determining reproductive success in birds, and snail shells are a well-known source of calcium for egg-laying females. In Europe, song thrushes, Turdus philomelos, break snails open at locations called anvils, eat the soft parts and leave the broken shells. Based on observational studies in 2011–2017 in western Poland, we showed that thrush anvils were visited by 54 other bird species (mainly smaller species) that collected the broken shell fragments. The frequency of visits to anvils differed among species and changed over the course of the breeding season, but anvils were especially used by females during the pre-laying period. Our study is the first description of such widespread exploitation of thrush anvils by other bird species, and we think that this phenomenon has been overlooked owing to the difficulties in recording anvils located, for example, on single small stones, stumps of felled trees and man-made objects such as glass bottles. We conclude that thrush anvils can be an important source of calcium for many bird species that adapt behaviourally to use these places. Hence, anvils should be recognized as localized hotspots for bird diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Kwieciński
- Department of Avian Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zuzanna M Rosin
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Łukasz Jankowiak
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tim H Sparks
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ożgo M, Cameron RAD, Horsák M, Pokryszko B, Chudaś M, Cichy A, Kaczmarek S, Kobak J, Marzec M, Mierzwa-Szymkowiak D, Parzonko D, Pyka G, Rosin Z, Skawina A, Soroka M, Sulikowska-Drozd A, Surowiec T, Szymanek M, Templin J, Urbańska M, Zając K, Zielska J, Żbikowska E, Żołądek J. Cepaea nemoralis (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in Poland: patterns of variation in a range-expanding species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Ożgo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolinskich, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert A D Cameron
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Michal Horsák
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská, Brno, Czechia
| | - Beata Pokryszko
- Museum of Natural History, Wrocław University, Sienkiewicza, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chudaś
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolinskich, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Cichy
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kaczmarek
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolinskich, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobak
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | | | - Dariusz Parzonko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Zuzanna Rosin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Skawina
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marianna Soroka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Sulikowska-Drozd
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Surowiec
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolinskich, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Szymanek
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Julita Templin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Urbańska
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamila Zając
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Zielska
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żbikowska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Żołądek
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolinskich, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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