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Wen X, Maimaiti M, Liu Q, Yu F, Gao H, Li G, Chen J. MnasNet-SimAM: An Improved Deep Learning Model for the Identification of Common Wheat Diseases in Complex Real-Field Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2334. [PMID: 39204769 PMCID: PMC11360691 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Deep learning approaches have been widely applied for agricultural disease detection. However, considerable challenges still exist, such as low recognition accuracy in complex backgrounds and high misjudgment rates for similar diseases. This study aimed to address these challenges through the detection of six prevalent wheat diseases and healthy wheat in images captured in a complex natural context, evaluating the recognition performance of five lightweight convolutional networks. A novel model, named MnasNet-SimAM, was developed by combining transfer learning and an attention mechanism. The results reveal that the five lightweight convolutional neural networks can recognize the six different wheat diseases with an accuracy of more than 90%. The MnasNet-SimAM model attained an accuracy of 95.14%, which is 1.7% better than that of the original model, while only increasing the model's parameter size by 0.01 MB. Additionally, the MnasNet-SimAM model reached an accuracy of 91.20% on the public Wheat Fungi Diseases data set, proving its excellent generalization capacity. These findings reveal that the proposed model can satisfy the requirements for rapid and accurate wheat disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wen
- Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.W.); (M.M.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture & Forestry of the North-Western Desert Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Muzaipaer Maimaiti
- Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.W.); (M.M.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture & Forestry of the North-Western Desert Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.W.); (M.M.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture & Forestry of the North-Western Desert Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Fusheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.W.); (M.M.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture & Forestry of the North-Western Desert Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, China; (H.G.); (G.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Guangkuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, China; (H.G.); (G.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.W.); (M.M.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture & Forestry of the North-Western Desert Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052, China
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Sun N, Mu Y, Wang D, Li J, Yuan T, Liu W, Yu N, Xu X, Li L, Jin Y, Ma P. Allelic variations of HMW-GS and LMW-GS and quality analysis in Yannong series wheat cultivars/derivative lines. Front Genet 2024; 15:1465540. [PMID: 39238785 PMCID: PMC11375680 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1465540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gluten quality is one of the most important traits of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In Chinese wheat production, Yannong series cultivars/derivative lines possess unique characteristics and play an important role in both yield and quality contribution. Methods To dissect their genetic basis of the gluten quality, in this study, allelic variations of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) in 30 Yannong series wheat cultivars/derivative lines and three check cultivars were evaluated using the allele-specific molecular markers, and six crucial quality indexes were also further measured and analyzed. Results The results demonstrated that the frequencies of HMW-GSs By8, Dx5+Dy10 and Dx5+Dy10+Dy12 in these 30 genotypes and three check cultivars accounted for 87.9%, 24.2% and 9.1%, respectively. For the allelic variations of LMW-GSs, Glu-A3a, Glu-A3b, Glu-A3c, Glu-A3f, and Glu-A3g were identified in 18, 9, 13, 11, and 2 genotypes, respectively; Glu-B3d, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3f were identified in 13, 23 and 4 genotypes, respectively. Notably, Yannong 999, containing By8 + Dx5 + Dy10, and Jinan 17 containing By8 + Dy12 both meet the national standard for high-quality wheat and belong to the category of first-class high-quality strong gluten wheat. Discussion These findings can provide reference for wheat quality improvement and popularization in the production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sun
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yanjun Mu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Tangyu Yuan
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaozhe Xu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Linzhi Li
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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Zhang J, Jie Y, Yan L, Wang M, Dong Y, Pang Y, Ren C, Song J, Chen X, Li X, Zhang P, Yang D, Zhang Y, Qi Z, Ru Z. Development and identification of a novel wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum disomic substitution line DS5Ag(5D) with new genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:718. [PMID: 39069623 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt)) and leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt)) are prevalent diseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10x = 70, EeEeEbEbExExStStStSt) contains genes that confer high levels of resistance to these diseases. RESULTS An elite wheat-Th. ponticum disomic substitution line, DS5Ag(5D), was developed in the Bainong Aikang 58 (AK58) background. The line was assessed using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), oligo-nucleotide probe multiplex (ONPM) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular markers. Twenty eight chromosome-specific molecular markers were identified for the alien chromosome, and 22 of them were co-dominant. Additionally, SNP markers from the wheat 660 K SNP chip were utilized to confirm chromosome identification and they provide molecular tools for tagging the chromosome in concern. The substitution line demonstrated high levels of resistance to powdery mildew throughout its growth period and to leaf rust at the adult stage. Based on the resistance evaluation of five F5 populations between the substitution lines and wheat genotypes with different levels of sensitivity to the two diseases. Results showed that the resistance genes located on 5Ag confered stable resistance against both diseases across different backgrounds. Resistance spectrum analysis combined with diagnostic marker detection of known resistance genes of Th. ponticum revealed that 5Ag contained two novel genes, Pm5Ag and Lr5Ag, which conferred resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a novel wheat-Th. ponticum disomic substitution line DS5Ag(5D) was successfully developed. The Th. ponticum chromosome 5Ag contain new resistance genes for powdery mildew and leaf rust. Chromosomic-specific molecular markers were generated and they can be used to track the 5Ag chromosome fragments. Consequently, this study provides new elite germplasm resources and molecular markers to facilitate the breeding of wheat varieties that is resistant to powdery mildew and leaf rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yize Jie
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Linjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yilong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yunfei Pang
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Cuicui Ren
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Dongyan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Zengjun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Zhengang Ru
- School of Agriculture, Center of Wheat Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
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Hou F, Chen H, Zhang T, Jin Y, Kong L, Liu X, Xing L, Cao A, Zhang R. Introgression of an All-Stage and Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene Pm3VS from Dasypyrum villosum Chromosome 3V into Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2073-2080. [PMID: 38389384 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2495-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a serious disease that threatens wheat production globally. It is imperative to explore novel resistance genes to control this disease by developing and planting resistant varieties. Here, we identified a wheat-Dasypyrum villosum 3V (3D) disomic substitution line, NAU3815 (2n = 42), with a high level of powdery mildew resistance at both the seedling and adult-plant stages. Subsequently, NAU3815 was used to generate recombination between chromosomes 3V and 3D. Through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and 3VS- and 3VL-specific markers analysis, four introgression lines were developed from the selfing progenies of 3V and 3D double monosomic line NAU3816, which was derived from the F1 hybrids of NAU3815/NAU0686. There were t3VS (3D) ditelosomic substitution line NAU3817, t3VL (3D) ditelosomic substitution line NAU3818, homozygous T3DL·3VS translocation line NAU3819, and homozygous T3DS·3VL translocation line NAU3820. Powdery mildew tests of these lines confirmed the presence of an all-stage and broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm3VS, located on chromosome arm 3VS. When compared with the recurrent parent NAU0686 plants, the T3DL·3VS translocation line NAU3819 showed no obvious negative effect on yield-related traits. However, the introduction of the T3DL·3VS translocated chromosome had a strong effect on reducing the flag-leaf length. Consequently, the T3DL·3VS translocation line NAU3819 provides a new germplasm in breeding for both resistance and plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hou
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Area in Jiangsu, Huaian 223001, China
| | - Heyu Chen
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yinyu Jin
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lingna Kong
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Liping Xing
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Aizhong Cao
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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5
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Liu X, Yang C, Wu S, Dong H, Wang G, Han X, Fan B, Shang Y, Dang C, Xie C, Wang Z. Genetic Basis Identification of a NLR Gene, TaRGA5-like, That Confers Partial Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat SJ106. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6603. [PMID: 38928313 PMCID: PMC11204014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew is an important fungal disease that seriously jeopardizes wheat production, which poses a serious threat to food safety. SJ106 is a high-quality, disease-resistant spring wheat variety; this disease resistance is derived from Wheat-wheatgrass 33. In this study, the powdery mildew resistance genes in SJ106 were located at the end of chromosome 6DS, a new disease resistance locus tentatively named PmSJ106 locus. This interval was composed of a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene cluster containing 19 NLR genes. Five NLRs were tandem duplicated genes, and one of them (a coiled coil domain-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR; CNL) type gene, TaRGA5-like) expressed 69-836-fold in SJ106 compared with the susceptible control. The genome DNA and cDNA sequences of TaRGA5-like were amplified from SJ106, which contain several nucleotide polymorphisms in LRR regions compared with susceptible individuals and Chinese Spring. Overexpression of TaRGA5-like significantly increased resistance to powdery mildew in susceptible receptor wheat Jinqiang5. However, Virus induced gene silence (VIGS) of TaRGA5-like resulted in only a small decrease of SJ106 in disease resistance, presumably compensated by other NLR duplicated genes. The results suggested that TaRGA5-like confers partial powdery mildew resistance in SJ106. As a member of the PmSJ106 locus, TaRGA5-like functioned together with other NLR duplicated genes to improve wheat resistance to powdery mildew. Wheat variety SJ106 would become a novel and potentially valuable germplasm for powdery mildew resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (G.W.); (X.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Chenxiao Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (G.W.); (X.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Siqi Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (G.W.); (X.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Huixuan Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (G.W.); (X.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (G.W.); (X.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Xinyue Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (G.W.); (X.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Baoli Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (G.W.); (X.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Yuntao Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Chen Dang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.D.); (C.X.)
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.D.); (C.X.)
| | - Zhenying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; (X.L.); (C.Y.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (G.W.); (X.H.); (B.F.)
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Qian Z, Liu R, Liu X, Qie Y, Wang J, Yin Y, Xin Q, Yu N, Zhang J, Li Y, Li J, Dai Y, Liu C, Jin Y, Ma P. Bulked segregant RNA-seq reveals complex resistance expression profile to powdery mildew in wild emmer wheat W762. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1387427. [PMID: 38817928 PMCID: PMC11137253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1387427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most destructive fungal diseases threatening global wheat production. Exploring powdery mildew resistance (Pm) gene(s) and dissecting the molecular mechanism of the host resistance are critical to effectively and reasonably control this disease. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durumDesf.) is an important gene donor for wheat improvement against powdery mildew. In this study, a resistant durum wheat accession W762 was used to investigate its potential resistance component(s) and profile its expression pattern in responding to Bgt invasion using bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) and further qRT-PCR verification. Genetic analysis showed that the powdery mildew resistance in W762 did not meet monogenic inheritance and complex genetic model might exist within the population of W762 × Langdon (susceptible durum wheat). After BSR-Seq, 6,196 consistently different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called between resistant and susceptible parents and bulks, and among them, 763 SNPs were assigned to the chromosome arm 7B. Subsequently, 3,653 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between resistant and susceptible parents and bulks were annotated and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. The potential regulated genes were selected and analyzed their temporal expression patterns following Bgt inoculation. As a result, nine disease-related genes showed distinctive expression profile after Bgt invasion and might serve as potential targets to regulate the resistance against powdery mildew in W762. Our study could lay a foundation for analysis of the molecular mechanism and also provide potential targets for the improvement of durable resistance against powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Qian
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yanmin Qie
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Breeding, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiangchun Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qingguo Xin
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiadong Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yaoxue Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yintao Dai
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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7
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Ni J, Dong Z, Qiao F, Zhou W, Cao A, Xing L. Phylogenetic Analysis of Wall-Associated Kinase Genes in Triticum Species and Characterization of TaWAK7 Involved in Wheat Powdery Mildew Resistance. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1223-1235. [PMID: 37923976 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1090-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Wall-associated kinases (WAKs), a group of receptor-like kinases, have been found to play important roles in defending against pathogens and in various developmental processes. However, the importance of this family in wheat remains largely unknown. Wheat powdery mildew is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), which initiates infection on the cell surface and forms haustoria inside the cell; therefore, the defense to Bgt involves extracellular and subsequently intracellular signals. In this study, WAKs were identified genome-wide and analyzed phylogenetically, and then a transmembrane WAK gene that putatively participated in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to Bgt was functionally and evolutionarily investigated. In total, 1,193 WAKs were identified from wheat and its Gramineae relatives. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that WAKs expanded through tandem duplication or segment duplication. TaWAK7, from chromosome 2A, was identified as a Bgt-inducible gene both in susceptible and resistant materials, but it showed distinct responsive patterns. Functional analysis showed that TaWAK7 was involved in both the basal and resistance gene-mediated resistances. The specific gene structures and protein characteristics of TaWAK7, along with its orthologs, were characterized both in subgenomes of Triticum spp. and in the A genome of multiple wheat accessions, which revealed that TaWAK7 orthologs underwent complex evolution with frequent gene fusion and domain deletion. In addition, three cytoplasmic proteins interacting with TaWAK7 were indicated by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Binding of TaWAK7 with these proteins could change its subcellular localization from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm. This study provides a better understanding of the evolution of WAKs at the genomic level and TaWAK7 at the gene level and provides useful clues for further investigation of how WAKs transmit the extracellular signals to the cytoplasm to activate defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Ni
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenjie Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangyuan Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weihao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aizhong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liping Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
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Zhao Y, Han G, Qie Y, Song J, Zi Y, Xiao B, Wang J, Qian Z, Huang X, Liu R, Zhang J, Song L, Jin Y, Ma P. Characterization of the powdery mildew resistance locus in wheat breeding line Jimai 809 and its breeding application. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:28. [PMID: 38545461 PMCID: PMC10963687 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a severe disease that affects the yield and quality of wheat. Popularization of resistant cultivars in production is the preferred strategy to control this disease. In the present study, the Chinese wheat breeding line Jimai 809 showed excellent agronomic performance and high resistance to powdery mildew at the whole growth stage. To dissect the genetic basis for this resistance, Jimai 809 was crossed with the susceptible wheat cultivar Junda 159 to produce segregation populations. Genetic analysis showed that a single dominant gene, temporarily designated PmJM809, conferred the resistance to different Bgt isolates. PmJM809 was then mapped on the chromosome arm 2BL and flanked by the markers CISSR02g-1 and CIT02g-13 with genetic distances 0.4 and 0.8 cM, respectively, corresponding to a physical interval of 704.12-708.24 Mb. PmJM809 differed from the reported Pm genes on chromosome arm 2BL in origin, resistance spectrum, physical position and/or genetic diversity of the mapping interval, also suggesting PmJM809 was located on a complex interval with multiple resistance genes. To analyze and screen the candidate gene(s) of PmJM809, six genes related to disease resistance in the candidate interval were evaluated their expression patterns using an additional set of wheat samples and time-course analysis post-inoculation of the Bgt isolate E09. As a result, four genes were speculated as the key candidate or regulatory genes. Considering its comprehensive agronomic traits and resistance findings, PmJM809 was expected to be a valuable gene resource in wheat disease resistance breeding. To efficiently transfer PmJM809 into different genetic backgrounds, 13 of 19 closely linked markers were confirmed to be suitable for marker-assisted selection. Using these markers, a series of wheat breeding lines with harmonious disease resistance and agronomic performance were selected from the crosses of Jimai 809 and several susceptible cultivars. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01467-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Guohao Han
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021 China
| | - Yanmin Qie
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Breeding, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Jianmin Song
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Yan Zi
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Bei Xiao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Zejun Qian
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Jiadong Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Lihong Song
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
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Xue S, Wang H, Ma Y, Sun T, Wang Y, Meng F, Wang X, Yang Z, Zhang J, Du J, Li S, Li Z. Fine mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene PmXNM in a Chinese wheat landrace Xiaonanmai. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:35. [PMID: 38286845 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Powdery mildew resistance gene PmXNM, originated from the Chinese wheat landrace Xiaonanmai, was delimited to a 300.7-kb interval enriched with resistance genes. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a globally devastating disease threatening the yield and quality of wheat worldwide. The use of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes from wheat landraces is an effective strategy to prevent this pathogen. Chinese wheat landrace Xiaonanmai (XNM) was immune to 23 tested Bgt isolates at the seedling stage. The F1, F2, and F2:4 progenies derived from the cross between XNM and Chinese Spring (CS) were used in this study. Genetic analysis revealed that powdery mildew resistance in XNM was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated PmXNM. Bulked segregant analysis and molecular mapping delimited PmXNM to the distal terminal region of chromosome 4AL flanked by markers caps213923 and kasp511718. The region carrying the PmXNM locus was approximately 300.7 kb and contained nine high-confidence genes according to the reference genome sequence of CS. Five of these genes, annotated as disease resistance RPP13-like proteins 1, were clustered in the target region. Haplotype analysis using the candidate gene-specific markers indicated that the majority of 267 common wheat accessions (75.3%) exhibited extensive gene losses at the PmXNM locus, as confirmed by aligning the targeted genome sequences of CS with those of other sequenced wheat cultivars. Seven candidate gene-specific markers have proven effective for marker-assisted introgression of PmXNM into modern elite cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yuyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Tiepeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xintian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jieli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jinxuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Suoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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Wang J, Xu H, Qie Y, Han R, Sun X, Zhao Y, Xiao B, Qian Z, Huang X, Liu R, Zhang J, Liu C, Jin Y, Ma P. Evaluation and identification of powdery mildew-resistant genes in 137 wheat relatives. Front Genet 2024; 15:1342239. [PMID: 38327832 PMCID: PMC10847533 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1342239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the most severe diseases affecting wheat yield and quality and is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). Host resistance is the preferred strategy to prevent this disease. However, the narrow genetic basis of common wheat has increased the demand for diversified germplasm resources against powdery mildew. Wheat relatives, especially the secondary gene pool of common wheat, are important gene donors in the genetic improvement of common wheat because of its abundant genetic variation and close kinship with wheat. In this study, a series of 137 wheat relatives, including 53 Triticum monococcum L. (2n = 2x = 14, AA), 6 T. urartu Thumanjan ex Gandilyan (2n = 2x = 14, AA), 9 T. timopheevii Zhuk. (2n = 4x = 28, AAGG), 66 T. aestivum subsp. spelta (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), and 3 Aegilops speltoides (2n = 2x = 14, SS) were systematically evaluated for their powdery mildew resistance and composition of Pm genes. Out of 137 (60.58%) accessions, 83 were resistant to Bgt isolate E09 at the seedling stage, and 116 of 137 (84.67%) wheat relatives were resistant to the mixture of Bgt isolates at the adult stage. This indicates that these accessions show a high level of resistance to powdery mildew. Some 31 markers for 23 known Pm genes were used to test these 137 accessions, and, in the results, only Pm2, Pm4, Pm6, Pm58, and Pm68 were detected. Among them, three Pm4 alleles (Pm4a, Pm4b, and Pm4f) were identified in 4 T. subsp. spelta accessions. q-RT PCR further confirmed that Pm4 alleles played a role in disease resistance in these four accessions. The phylogenetic tree showed that the kinship of Pm4 was close to Pm24 and Sr62. This study not only provides reference information and valuable germplasm resources for breeding new wheat varieties with disease resistance but also lays a foundation for enriching the genetic basis of wheat resistance to powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yanmin Qie
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Han
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Yantai, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Bei Xiao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zejun Qian
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiadong Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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11
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Lin M, Islamov B, Aleliūnas A, Armonienė R, Gorash A, Meigas E, Ingver A, Tamm I, Kollist H, Strazdiņa V, Bleidere M, Brazauskas G, Lillemo M. Genome-wide association analysis identifies a consistent QTL for powdery mildew resistance on chromosome 3A in Nordic and Baltic spring wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:25. [PMID: 38240841 PMCID: PMC10799116 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE QPm.NOBAL-3A is an important QTL providing robust adult plant powdery mildew resistance in Nordic and Baltic spring wheat, aiding sustainable crop protection and breeding. Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, poses a significant threat to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the world's most crucial cereal crops. Enhancing cultivar resistance against this devastating disease requires a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of powdery mildew resistance. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using extensive field trial data from multiple environments across Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Norway. The study involved a diverse panel of recent wheat cultivars and breeding lines sourced from the Baltic region and Norway. We identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 3A, designated as QPm.NOBAL-3A, which consistently conferred high resistance to powdery mildew across various environments and countries. Furthermore, the consistency of the QTL haplotype effect was validated using an independent Norwegian spring wheat panel. Subsequent greenhouse seedling inoculations with 15 representative powdery mildew isolates on a subset of the GWAS panel indicated that this QTL provides adult plant resistance and is likely of race non-specific nature. Moreover, we developed and validated KASP markers for QPm.NOBAL-3A tailored for use in breeding. These findings provide a critical foundation for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs aimed at pyramiding resistance QTL/genes to achieve durable and broad-spectrum resistance against powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Box 5003, NO-1432, ÅS, Norway
| | - Bulat Islamov
- Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, J. Aamisepa 1, Jõgeva Alevik, 48309, Jõgeva Maakond, Estonia
| | - Andrius Aleliūnas
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 58344, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Rita Armonienė
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 58344, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Andrii Gorash
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 58344, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Egon Meigas
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Ingver
- Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, J. Aamisepa 1, Jõgeva Alevik, 48309, Jõgeva Maakond, Estonia
| | - Ilmar Tamm
- Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, J. Aamisepa 1, Jõgeva Alevik, 48309, Jõgeva Maakond, Estonia
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Bioengineering, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vija Strazdiņa
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Zinatnes Iela 2, Cesis County, 4126, Latvia
| | - Māra Bleidere
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Zinatnes Iela 2, Cesis County, 4126, Latvia
| | - Gintaras Brazauskas
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 58344, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Morten Lillemo
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Box 5003, NO-1432, ÅS, Norway.
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