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Internalizing problems are associated with initiation and past 30-Day use of flavored tobacco products. Addict Behav 2022; 125:107162. [PMID: 34763300 PMCID: PMC8637941 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco use remains disproportionately common among adults with internalizing problems. The rising prevalence of flavored tobacco use among this population may be a contributing factor. Using data from Wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, this study examined differences across adult ever tobacco users by severity of internalizing problems, in initiation of tobacco use with a flavored product and past 30-day (current) flavored tobacco use (n = 27,425). Severity of internalizing problems was measured using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener Internalizing Disorder Screener. Tobacco use variables included initiation with or current use of a flavored product, assessed separately for each product. Weighted chi-square tests and multivariable modified Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between severity of internalizing problems and each outcome. RESULTS Controlling for covariates, ever users with severe internalizing problems were more likely to have initiated with flavors for cigarettes (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09,1.24), cigarillos (aPR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.16), electronic nicotine products (aPR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.13) and smokeless tobacco (aPR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.27), relative to those with low internalizing problems. Ever users with severe internalizing problems were more likely to currently use a flavored tobacco product for cigarettes (aPR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.24) and cigarillos (aPR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.28). CONCLUSIONS Flavored tobacco use seems disproportionately common among tobacco users with severe internalizing problems, across a variety of measures.
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Blondino CT, Clifford JS, Lu J, Prom-Wormley EC. The association between internalizing and externalizing severity with current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and alcohol in adults: Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106890. [PMID: 33901812 PMCID: PMC9294613 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concurrent tobacco/alcohol use is common in adults, and associated with the severity of symptoms experienced by those with mental health disorders. However, few studies have explored this relationship across different combinations of tobacco products [i.e., conventional cigarette (CC) and electronic cigarette (EC)] and alcohol. METHODS Data from the Wave 1 (2013-2014) Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were used. A total of 15,947 adults aged 18 years or older with complete study information were included. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between lifetime internalizing/externalizing severity and past 30-day use of tobacco and alcohol, adjusting for nicotine dependence (ND), sex, age, race, education, and income. RESULTS Internalizing severity was more strongly associated with CC and alcohol use (moderate AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.22-1.77; high AOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.03-1.61) as well as alcohol-exclusive use (moderate AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.27-1.96; high AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.05-1.64) while externalizing severity was more strongly associated with EC and alcohol use (high AOR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.84-4.81, moderate AOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.53-3.43) when accounting for ND compared to none. The relationship between externalizing severity with EC use was dependent on alcohol being used with EC. CONCLUSIONS The associations between psychopathology (internalizing vs. externalizing severity) varies by different combinations of alcohol, CC, and EC. Further, these relationships may be mediated through ND. Future investigations into the comorbidity between mental disorder symptoms with tobacco and alcohol use should consider use of specific substances as well as their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney T Blondino
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
| | - James S Clifford
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA
| | - Juan Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA
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Tomioka K, Shima M, Saeki K. Association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and serious psychological distress is stronger in women than in men: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:27. [PMID: 33663543 PMCID: PMC7931554 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher smoking prevalence in people with serious psychological distress (SPD) is well-recognized. However, gender and age differences in the association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD have not been fully investigated. METHODS We used anonymized data from a nationally representative survey in Japan (33,925 men and 37,257 women). SPD was measured using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale and defined as ≥ 13 points. Multiple logistic regression analyses stratified by gender and age-groups (20-44 years, 45-64 years, and ≥ 65 years) were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for SPD. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic confounders including education, equivalent household expenditures, and employment contract, women had a significant association between heavier smoking and more frequent SPD: compared to never-smokers, aORs (95% CIs) of ex-smokers, current light smokers who smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day (CPD), current moderate smokers 11-20 CPD, and current heavy smokers ≥ 21 CPD were 1.22 (0.92-1.63), 1.52 (1.25-1.84), 1.75 (1.46-2.09), and 2.22 (1.59-3.10), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). A significant positive association among women was consistent across all age-groups. Among men, there was no association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD in all age-groups, and only current heavy smokers aged 20-44 years had a significantly higher OR for SPD (aOR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.02-1.85]) than never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS There was a positive association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD only among women, but not among men. For female smokers experiencing mental disorders, there is a need not only to improve mental health services but also to improve smoking-cessation support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Midori Shima
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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Streck JM, Weinberger AH, Pacek LR, Gbedemah M, Goodwin RD. Cigarette Smoking Quit Rates Among Persons With Serious Psychological Distress in the United States From 2008 to 2016: Are Mental Health Disparities in Cigarette Use Increasing? Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:130-134. [PMID: 30351429 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior work suggests that the prevalence of cigarette smoking is persistently higher among people with mental health problems, relative to those without. Lower quit rates are one factor that could contribute to higher prevalence of smoking in this group. This study estimated trends in the cigarette quit rates among people with and without past-month serious psychological distress (SPD) from 2008 to 2016 in the United States. METHODS Data were drawn from 91 739 adult participants in the 2008-2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a repeated, cross-sectional, national survey. Linear time trends of cigarette quit rates, stratified by past-month SPD, were assessed using logistic regression models with continuous year as the predictor. RESULTS Cigarette quit rates among individuals with past-month SPD were lower than among those without SPD every year from 2008 to 2016. Quit rates did not change appreciably among those with past-month SPD (odds ratio = 1.02 [0.99, 1.06]) from 2008 to 2016, whereas quit rates increased among those without past-month SPD (odds ratio = 1.02 [1.01, 1.02]). CONCLUSIONS In the United States, quit rates among individuals with past-month SPD are approximately half than quit rates of those without SPD and have not increased over the past decade. This discrepancy in quit rates may be one factor driving increasing disparities in prevalence of smoking among those with versus without mental health problems. Tobacco control efforts require effective and targeted interventions for those with mental health problems. IMPLICATIONS Cigarette smoking quit rates have not increased among persons with serious mental health problems over the past decade. This work extends prior findings showing that smoking prevalence is not declining as quickly among persons with serious mental health problems. Findings suggest that diverging trends in quit rates are one possible driver of the persistent disparity in smoking by mental health status. Innovation in both tobacco control and targeted interventions for smokers with mental health problems is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Streck
- Department of Psychological Science, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.,Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Lauren R Pacek
- Division of Addictions, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Misato Gbedemah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY.,Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY.,Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Smoking among adults with serious psychological distress: Analysis of anonymized data from a national cross-sectional survey in Japan. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:131-137. [PMID: 30005326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking behavior among people with serious psychological distress (SPD) has not been fully investigated in Asia, although smoking has become a public health concern worldwide. Many Western population-based studies indicate that people with psychological distress are more likely to smoke. METHODS This study used a national representative data set from the 2010 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of Japan. SPD was defined as scores ≥13 or greater on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the association between SPD and current smoking in Japanese adults. RESULTS In both men (n = 27,937) and women (n = 30,786), SPD was significantly associated with current smoking (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 1.169 [1.030-1.328] for men and 1.677 [1.457-1.931] for women). Among men, SPD was significantly associated with current smoking only in people aged ≥50 years (1.519 [1.232-1.874]) and married (1.456 [1.228-1.728]). SPD was significantly associated with current smoking in women of all ages. SPD had a greater impact on current smoking for women aged 20-49 years than for those aged ≥50 years (1.832 [1.552-2.162] and 1.445 [1.099-1.900], respectively). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design precludes assumptions about the direction of causality. In addition, smoking status was self-reported. CONCLUSIONS SPD was significantly associated with current smoking in Japan and the association was much stronger for younger women. Clinical strategies are needed to reduce the prevalence of smoking among people with SPD to reduce excess mortality in this population.
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Abstract
Objectives Poor mental health is associated with increased cigarette smoking, yet whether this extends to alternative tobacco product use remains unknown. Methods Wave 1 data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study assessed relationships between self-perceived mental health (SPMH) and prevalence of and motives for tobacco use among US adults (N = 32,320). Results Fair/poor SPMH, as compared to good/excellent SPMH, was associated with increased current cigarette (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI = 2.64, 3.20), e-cigarette (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.20, 1.53), cigarillo (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.22, 1.56), filtered cigar (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.70), and smokeless tobacco (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.36), but not traditional cigar use (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.90, 1.20). Whereas most motives for tobacco use were similar across SPMH rating, those with fair/poor SPMH, as compared to good/excellent SPMH, were more likely to report using traditional cigars due to affordability (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.23, 1.98) and e-cigarettes (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.79) and smokeless tobacco (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.19, 2.83) due to appealing advertising. Conclusions Although individuals with poor SPMH are more likely to use alternative tobacco products than those with better SPMH, most motives for use are strikingly similar. These findings highlight the importance of continual monitoring of tobacco use trends among vulnerable populations.
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Mohammadi SA, Burton TJ, Christie MJ. α9-nAChR knockout mice exhibit dysregulation of stress responses, affect and reward-related behaviour. Behav Brain Res 2017; 328:105-114. [PMID: 28408300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The α9α10-subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has recently garnered interest in biomedicine and is being pursued as an analgesic target. However, the receptor exhibits diverse tissue distribution, the function of which is known to varying degrees, and targeting this receptor for clinical treatments without a broad understanding of its function may have adverse consequences. The α9α10-nAChR is expressed in the adrenal and pituitary glands, suggesting a potential role in the stress response, but little is known about its function in this tissue. Here we determined a role for the α9α10-nAChR in behavioural and physiological stress responses, by comparing the stress- and affect-related phenotypes of wildtype and α9-nAChR knockout mice. Naïve knockout mice exhibited largely normal behaviour on standard tests of affective behaviour. However, after sub-chronic restraint stress knockout mice showed significantly decreased stress-induced arousal and increased anxiety-like behaviour when compared to wildtype animals. Physiologically, corticosterone responses were muted in knockout mice after an acute stressor, but exaggerated in response to the same stressor after undergoing sub-chronic stress. Behavioural profiling of the α9-nAChR knockout mice in the home-cage revealed that circadian patterns of activity were altered when compared to wildtype controls. Furthermore, knockout mice showed altered responses to a period of reward discounting, resulting in anhedonia-like behaviour in a sucrose preference test where WT mice continued to seek reward. These experiments uncover a novel role for the α9α10-nAChR in mounting a normal stress response and in the regulation of affective- and reward-related behaviour, and suggest that pursuing the receptor for clinical treatments may not be as straightforward as has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasa A Mohammadi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Thomas J Burton
- Animal Behavioural Facility, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - MacDonald J Christie
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Peiper N, Illback RJ, O'Reilly A, Clayton R. Latent class analysis of need descriptors within an Irish youth mental health early intervention program toward a typology of need. Early Interv Psychiatry 2017; 11:37-46. [PMID: 25640155 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Significant overlap and comorbidity has been demonstrated among young people with mental health problems. This paper examined demographic characteristics, heterogeneity of need descriptors and services provided among young people (12-25 years) engaging in brief interventions at Jigsaw in the Republic of Ireland. METHOD Between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2013, a total of 2571 young people sought help from 1 of 10 Jigsaw sites. Of these, 1247 engaged in goal-focused brief interventions, typically consisting of one to six face-to-face sessions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize social and demographic factors. Latent class analysis was used to cluster young people into relevant typologies of presenting issues. Multinomial logistic regression was then performed to determine significant predictors of class membership. RESULTS The most common age of young people was 16. More women (59.6%) than men engaged in brief interventions, 56% attended school, 74% lived with their family of origin or with one parent, and 54.2% came from families where parents were married. Using established fit criteria, four relevant typologies emerged: Developmental (26.8%), Comorbid (15.8%), Anxious (42.7%) and Externalising (14.6%). Predictors varied by class membership, but general family problems and lack of adult support emerged as the strongest predictors for all classes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the mental health needs of young people in Ireland are significant and diverse. Because Jigsaw favours a more descriptive approach to problem identification, the four typologies suggest a need to determine program capacity in engaging youth with heterogeneous presenting issues and to tailor brief interventions to each group's clinical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Illback
- REACH of Louisville, Louisville, USA.,Headstrong - The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aileen O'Reilly
- Headstrong - The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin, Ireland
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Moreira-Santos TM, Godoy I, de Godoy I. Psychological distress related to smoking cessation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Bras Pneumol 2016; 42:61-7. [PMID: 26982043 PMCID: PMC4805389 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562016000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all causes of preventable deaths, smoking is responsible for the greatest number of deaths worldwide and predisposes to fatal, noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes are effective in the treatment of patients with smoking-related diseases and assist in the prevention of premature mortality. Our objective was to investigate the available scientific evidence regarding the psychological distress related to smoking cessation in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction. To that end, we conducted an integrative review of the literature in order to summarize relevant studies on this topic. The selected databases were Scopus, PubMed Central, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science (Core Collection), ScienceDirect, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS e PsycINFO. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted for this study, 14 articles were selected for analysis. Those studies showed that the prevalence of psychological distress is higher among smokers than among nonsmokers, and distress-related symptoms are much more common in smokers with acute myocardial infarction than in those without. Smoking cessation depends on the active participation of the smoker, whose major motivation is the underlying disease. Most studies have shown that there is a need to create treatment subgroups as a means of improving the treatment provided. This review article expands the knowledge regarding smoking cessation and shows the need to invest in future research that investigates subgroups of smokers diagnosed with the major smoking-related comorbidities, such as acute myocardial infarction, in order to develop specific interventions and psychological support strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma Godoy
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Ilda de Godoy
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Pampel FC, Boardman JD, Daw J, Stallings MC, Smolen A, Haberstick BC, Widaman KF, Neppl TK, Conger RD. Life events, genetic susceptibility, and smoking among adolescents. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2015; 54:221-32. [PMID: 26463545 PMCID: PMC4607932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although stressful life events during adolescence are associated with the adoption of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, both social circumstances and physical traits can moderate the relationship. This study builds on the stress paradigm and gene-environment approach to social behavior by examining how a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR moderates the effect of life events on adolescent smoking. Tests of interaction hypotheses use data from the Family Transitions Project, a longitudinal study of 7th graders followed for 5years. A sibling-pair design with separate models for the gender composition of pairs (brothers, sisters, or brother/sister) controls for unmeasured family background. The results show that negative life events are significantly and positively associated with smoking. Among brother pairs but not other pairs, the results provide evidence of gene-environment interaction by showing that life events more strongly influence smoking behavior for those with more copies of the 5-HTTLPR S allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred C Pampel
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States.
| | - Jason D Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Jonathan Daw
- Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Andrew Smolen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Brett C Haberstick
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, United States
| | - Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, United States
| | - Rand D Conger
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California Davis, United States
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Abstract
Alcohol and substance use, until recently, were believed to be a predominantly male phenomenon. Only in the last few decades, attention has shifted to female drug use and its repercussions in women. As the numbers of female drug users continue to rise, studies attempt to understand gender-specific etiological factors, phenomenology, course and outcome, and issues related to treatment with the aim to develop more effective treatment programs. Research has primarily focused on alcohol and tobacco in women, and most of the literature is from the Western countries with data from developing countries like India being sparse. This review highlights the issues pertinent to alcohol and substance use in women with a special focus to the situation in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Lal
- Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Koushik Sinha Deb
- Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Kedia
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Peiper N, Clayton R, Wilson R, Illback R, O'Brien E, Kerber R, Baumgartner R, Hornung C. Empirically derived subtypes of serious emotional disturbance in a large adolescent sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:983-94. [PMID: 25652591 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The heterogeneity of serious emotional disturbance has been thoroughly documented among adolescents with nationally representative data derived from structured interviews, although use of these interviews may not be feasible within the context of brief and self-administered school surveys. This study seeks to identify distinct subtypes of serious emotional disturbance in a large school-based sample. METHODS A total of 108,736 students fully completed the K6 scale that was included on the 2012 Kentucky Incentives for Prevention Survey. Latent class analysis was used to derive subtypes of serious emotional disturbance among students receiving a positive screen (n = 15,147). To determine significant predictors of class membership, adjusted rate ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A four-class model was the most parsimonious, with four distinct subtypes emerging that varied by both symptom type and severity: comorbid moderate severity, comorbid high severity, anxious moderate severity, and depressed high severity. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, family structure, substance use, antisocial behavior, role impairments, and peer victimization were significant predictors of class membership, although the magnitude of these effects was stronger for the two high severity groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest heterogeneity of serious emotional disturbance by both symptom type and severity. Prevention programs may benefit by shifting focus from specific disorders to the core features of serious emotional disturbance, including psychological distress, high comorbidity, and role impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Peiper
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,
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Reward and affective regulation in depression-prone smokers. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:689-97. [PMID: 24947541 PMCID: PMC4186900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a disproportionately high smoking prevalence among individuals who are prone to depression. While depression has been conceptualized as a disorder of dysregulated positive affect and disrupted reward processing, little research has been conducted to determine the role of smoking in these processes among depression-prone smokers. METHODS Depression-prone smokers (DP+; n = 34) and smokers not depression-prone (DP-; n = 49) underwent two laboratory sessions, one while smoking abstinent and one while smoking ad libitum, to assess the relative reinforcing value of smoking and reward sensitivity. Using experience sampling methods, participants completed self-report measures of subjective reward, positive affect, and negative affect across 3 days while smoking as usual and 3 days while smoking abstinent. RESULTS DP+ were two times more likely to work for cigarette puffs versus money in a progressive ratio, choice task (odds ratio 2.05; 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 4.06, p = .039) compared with DP-. Reward sensitivity as measured by the signal detection task did not yield any significant findings. Mixed models regressions revealed a three-way interaction (depression group, smoking phase, and time) for subjective reward, negative affect, and positive affect. For all three of these outcomes, the slopes for DP- and DP+ differed significantly from each other (ps < .05) and the effect of smoking (versus abstinence) over time was greater for DP+ than DP- smokers (ps < .05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the effects of smoking on reward and positive affect regulation are specific to DP+ smokers and highlight novel targets for smoking cessation treatment in this population.
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O'Neill J, Tobias MC, Hudkins M, Oh EY, Hellemann GS, Nurmi EL, London ED. Thalamic glutamate decreases with cigarette smoking. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2717-24. [PMID: 24535652 PMCID: PMC4182312 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Findings from animal studies and human PET imaging indicate that nicotine and cigarette smoking affect glutamate (Glu) and related neurochemical markers in the brain and imply that smoking reduces extracellular Glu. As Glu release is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are present at high concentrations in the thalamus, we examined the effects of smoking on thalamic Glu. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of tobacco smoking on thalamic glutamate levels. METHODS Thalamic Glu levels were measured in vivo in 18 smokers and 16 nonsmokers using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((1)H MRSI) at 1.5 T. RESULTS Mean Glu levels did not differ significantly between the subject groups. However, within smokers, Glu levels were negatively correlated with self-reports of both cigarettes/day over the last 30 days (r = -0.64, p = 0.006) and pack-years of smoking (r = -0.66, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with expectations based on preclinical studies, within smokers, cigarettes/day and pack-years are associated with reduced Glu in thalamus, a brain region rich in nAchRs. These results encourage work on candidate glutamatergic therapies for smoking cessation and suggest a noninvasive metric for their action in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O'Neill
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, 760 Westwood Plaza, Box 175919, Los Angeles, CA, 90024-1759, USA,
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Hrywna M, Bover Manderski MT, Delnevo CD. Sex differences in the association of psychological distress and tobacco use. Am J Health Behav 2014; 38:570-6. [PMID: 24636119 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.38.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine sex differences in the relationship between serious psychological distress (SPD) and tobacco use. METHODS The 2010 National Health Interview Survey data (N = 26,907) were examined to assess tobacco use among adults with and without SPD. Prevalence and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. The possible moderating effect of sex was examined. RESULTS Lifetime and current use of cigarettes, cigars and smokeless tobacco (SLT) was more prevalent among those with SPD. Sex interaction terms were significant when modeling lifetime and current cigar and SLT use. The adjusted OR for all tobacco outcomes was greater for women than for men. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a stronger association of SPD and tobacco use for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hrywna
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Center for Tobacco Surveillance and Evaluation Research, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Michelle T Bover Manderski
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Center for Tobacco Surveillance and Evaluation Research, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cristine D Delnevo
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Center for Tobacco Surveillance and Evaluation Research, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Can SS, Selek S. The effect of smokeless tobacco “Maras powder” on treatment outcomes of anxiety disorder: a longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2014.916355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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