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Wu Y, Xi B, Fang F, Kou B, Gang C, Tang J, Tan W, Yuan Y, Yu T. Insights into relationships between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration, bacterial communities and organic matter composition in coal gangue site. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116502. [PMID: 37406721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining usually brought polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination. Relationships between the concentration of PAHs, bacterial communities and soil environmental factors were important for bioremediation of PAHs in soil. Total 4 kinds of soil samples with different concentrations of PAHs were selected from 7 typical coal gangue(CG) sites in Huainan, Anhui Province. The relationships between microorganisms, dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and PAHs concentration were systematically analyzed in this work. Total 11 kinds of PAHs were enriched in the soil surface layer. That was attributed to the strong binding of soil organic matter (SOM) to PAHs. PAHs contamination reduced the diversity of soil microbial. The abundance of PAHs-degrading genera such as Arthrobacter decreased with the increasing concentration of PAHs. Mycobacterium increased with the increasing concentration of PAHs in all samples. The microbial activities decreased with increasing concentration of PAHs. The increasing contents of LWM-PAHs and DOM were beneficial to improve the activities of soil microbial. The increasing DOM aromaticity was beneficial to improve the bioavailability of PAHs according to the correlation analysis between PAHs content and DOM structural parameters. The obtained results provide a basis for better understanding the contamination characteristics and microbial communities of coal gangue PAH-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuman Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Bing Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Chen Gang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Tingqiao Yu
- International Education College, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
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Li W, Zhang Z, Sun B, Hu S, Wang D, Hu F, Li H, Xu L, Jiao J. Combination of plant-growth-promoting and fluoranthene-degrading microbes enhances phytoremediation efficiency in the ryegrass rhizosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6068-6077. [PMID: 32989700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant- and/or microbe-based systems can provide a cost-effective, sustainable means to remove contaminants from soil. Microbe-assisted phytoremediation has potential utility for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as fluoranthene (Flu) removal from soils; however, the efficiency varies with the plant and microbes used. This study evaluated the Flu removal efficiency in a system with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), an IAA-producing Arthrobacter pascens strain (ZZ21), and/or a Flu-degrading Bacillus cereus strain (Z21). Strain ZZ21 significantly enhanced the growth of ryegrass. Ryegrass in combination with both strains (FIP) was the most effective method for Flu removal. By day 60, 74.9% of the Flu was depleted in the FIP treatment, compared with 21.1% in the control (CK), 63.7% with ryegrass alone (P), 69.0% for ryegrass with ZZ21 (IP), and 72.6% for ryegrass with Z21 (FP). FIP treatment promoted ryegrass growth, accelerated Flu accumulation in plants, and increased soil microbial counts. Microbial carbon utilization was significantly higher in soil in the FIP than with the CK treatment. Principal component analysis of the distribution of carbon substrate utilization showed that microbial functional profiles diverged among treatments, and this divergence became more profound at day 60 than day 30. Microbial inoculation significantly enhanced microbial utilization of phenols. Microbes in the FIP soil dominantly utilized amines/amides and phenols at day 30 but shifted to carbohydrates by day 60. Together, the combination of IAA-producing microbes and Flu-degrading microbes could promote plant growth, facilitate Flu degradation, and change soil microbial functional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang, 212028, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaguo Jiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils and fatty foods: Occurrence, formation, analysis, change and control. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 93:59-112. [PMID: 32711866 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that dozens of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mutagenic, genotoxic and strongly carcinogenic. PAHs are found to be widely present in foods contaminated through multiple paths. Due to their lipophilic nature, these compounds easily accumulate in edible oils and fatty foods where they can range from no detection to over 2000μg/kg. Compared to precursor PAHs, researchers have seldom studied the presence of PAH derivatives, especially in food matrices. This chapter includes the physical and chemical characteristics of PAHs and their types, occurrence, sample pretreatment and instrumental determination methods, and their formation, change and control in edible oils and fatty foods. The occurrence and formation of PAH derivatives in foods are much less investigated compared to those of their precursor PAHs. Although the removal of matrix effects and accuracy remain difficult for current rapid determination methods, a prospective research direction of PAH analysis for large-scale screening is in demand. To date, physical absorption, chemical oxidation and biodegradation have been widely used in PAH removal techniques. Specific types of bacteria, fungi, and algae have also been used to degrade PAHs into harmless compounds. However, most of them can only degrade a range of LPAHs, such as naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene. Their ability to degrade HPAHs requires further study. Moreover, it is still a great challenge to maintain food nutrition and flavor during the PAH removal process using these methods.
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Wang Z, Liu S, Bu ZJ, Wang S. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during Sphagnum litters decay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18642-18650. [PMID: 29705896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation in Sphagnum litters and the decomposition of the litters were investigated. PAH concentration decreased to approximately half of the initial concentration as Sphagnum litters decayed. The initial PAH concentration was 489.2 ± 72.2 ng g-1, and the concentration after 120 days of incubation was 233.0 ± 5.8 ng g-1. The different PAH compositions changed concentrations at different times. The low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs started to be degraded after incubation and after 40 days of incubation, respectively. PAH concentrations in the Sphagnum litters correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC) content (p < 0.05), indicating that PAHs were associated with the TOC of the Sphagnum litters and were degraded as organic matter decayed. The positive relationship between LMW PAH concentration and the soluble carbohydrate content (p < 0.05) indicated that LMW PAHs and the readily decomposed organic carbon fractions were cometabolized, or that LMW PAHs were mainly absorbed by soluble carbohydrate. The weak negative correlation between fulvic acid (FA) and PAH concentrations (p < 0.1) indicated that FA may enhance PAH degradation. Redundancy analysis suggested that the contents of both soluble carbohydrate and cellulose significantly affected the changes in PAH concentrations (p < 0.05), and that FA content and C/N ratios may also contribute to the changes in PAH concentrations (p < 0.1). However, the polyphenol that was related to microbial activities was not associated with changes in PAH concentrations. These results suggested that litter quality is more important than microbial activities in PAH degradation in Sphagnum litters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zucheng Wang
- Institute for Peat and Mire Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Changchun, China.
| | - Shasha Liu
- Institute for Peat and Mire Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Bu
- Institute for Peat and Mire Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Changchun, China
| | - Shengzhong Wang
- Institute for Peat and Mire Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Changchun, China
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Vaidya S, Devpura N, Jain K, Madamwar D. Degradation of Chrysene by Enriched Bacterial Consortium. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1333. [PMID: 30013520 PMCID: PMC6036299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysene is a high molecular weight (HMW), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) known for its recalcitrance and carcinogenic properties and sparsely soluble (0.003 mg/L) in aqueous medium. Due to these refractory properties, bioavailability of chrysene is very low and therefore is persistence in the environment escaping the metabolism by microorganisms. However, few bacterial and fungal strains are reported to degrade chrysene, but with lower efficiency, requiring additional/extraneous carbon sources (co-substrates) for it’s complete mineralization. In this study, development, enrichment and characterization of bacterial consortium ASDC, consisting of Rhodococcus sp., ASDC1; Bacillus sp. ASDC2; and Burkholderia sp. ASDC3 were reported. Chrysene was utilized as a sole source of carbon and energy by the consortium, having maximum degradation rate of 1.5 mg/L/day and maximum growth rate of 0.125/h, under optimized conditions of pH 7.0, 37°C under aeration of 150 rpm on gyrating shaking. Chrysene degradation was unaffected in presence of other PAHs like pyrene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzene, toluene and xylene, individually as well as in mixture. The results revealed that peptone, ammonium nitrate, sodium succinate have enhanced the chrysene degradation rate during first 24 h of experimentation, which was later on inhibited with increase in incubation time. The chrysene degradation was inhibited by mercury even at lower concentration (1 mM). The results also revealed that SDS has enhanced its degradation by 5.2-fold for initial 24 h of growth, but with increasing in the incubation period, it decreases by 1.2-fold on 7th day of experimentation. The HPLC studies suggested that chrysene was degraded through phthalic acid pathway by the consortium ASDC and the stoichiometric measurements indicated the complete mineralization of chrysene. The flask scale results were validated at simulated microcosm models, where enriched consortium ASDC exhibited maximum degradation (96%) in polluted, non-sterile soil sediment, indicating that consortial strains along with indigenous metabolism showed synergistic metabolism for degradation of chrysene. Thus, the above study revealed the useful enrichment of bacterial community for synergistic degradation of PAHs (chrysene) which could be further exploited for in situ remediation of PAH contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Vaidya
- Environmental Genomics and Proteomics Lab, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Anand, India
| | - Neelam Devpura
- Environmental Genomics and Proteomics Lab, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Anand, India
| | - Kunal Jain
- Environmental Genomics and Proteomics Lab, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Anand, India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- Environmental Genomics and Proteomics Lab, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Anand, India
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Kolsal F, Akbal Z, Liaqat F, Gök O, Sponza DT, Eltem R. Hydrocarbon degradation abilities of psychrotolerant Bacillus strains. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:467-482. [PMID: 31294171 PMCID: PMC6604985 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.3.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradation requires identification of hydrocarbon degrading microbes and the investigation of psychrotolerant hydrocarbon degrading microbes is essential for successful biodegradation in cold seawater. In the present study, a total of 597 Bacillus isolates were screened to select psychrotolerant strains and 134 isolates were established as psychrotolerant on the basis of their ability to grow at 7 °C. Hydrocarbon degradation capacities of these 134 psychrotolerant isolate were initially investigated on agar medium containing different hydrocarbons (naphthalene, n-hexadecane, mineral oil) and 47 positive isolates were grown in broth medium containing hydrocarbons at 20 °C under static culture. Bacterial growth was estimated in terms of viable cell count (cfu ml-1). Isolates showing the best growth in static culture were further grown in presence of crude oil under shaking culture and viable cell count was observed between 8.3 × 105-7.4 × 108 cfu ml-1. In the final step, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (chrysene and naphthalene) degradation yield of two most potent isolates was determined by GC-MS along with the measurement of pH, biomass and emulsification activities. Results showed that isolates Ege B.6.2i and Ege B.1.4Ka have shown 60% and 36% chrysene degradation yield, respectively, while 33% and 55% naphthalene degradation yield, respectively, with emulsification activities ranges between 33-50%. These isolates can be used to remove hydrocarbon contamination from different environments, particularly in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Kolsal
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Akbal
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fakhra Liaqat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Gök
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Delia Teresa Sponza
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, Kaynaklar Campus, 35160, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Rengin Eltem
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
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Metabolism of pyrene through phthalic acid pathway by enriched bacterial consortium composed of Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Rhodococcus (PBR). 3 Biotech 2017; 7:29. [PMID: 28401465 PMCID: PMC5388654 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly recalcitrant compounds due to their high hydrophobicity and tendency to partition in organic phase of soils. Pyrene is a high-molecular weight PAH, which has human health concerns. In the present study, a bacterial consortium, PBR, was developed from a long-term polluted site, viz., Amlakhadi, Ankleshwar, Gujarat, for effective degradation of pyrene. The consortium effectively metabolized pyrene as a sole source of carbon and energy. The consortium comprised three bacterial species, Pseudomonas sp. ASDP1, Burkholderia sp. ASDP2, and Rhodococcus sp. ASDP3. The maximum growth rate of consortium was 0.060/h and the maximum pyrene degradation rate was 16 mg/l/day. The organic and inorganic nutrients along with different surfactants did not affect pyrene degradation, but degradation rate moderately increased in the presence of sodium succinate. The significant characteristic of the consortium was that it possessed an ability to degrade six other hydrocarbons, both independently and simultaneously at 37 °C, in BHM (pH 7.0) under shaking conditions (150 rpm) and it showed resistance towards mercury at 10 mM concentration. Phthalic acid as one of the intermediates during pyrene degradation was detected through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The efficiency of consortium for pyrene degradation was validated in simulated microcosms’ study, which indicated that 99% of pyrene was metabolized by the consortium under ambient conditions.
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Tian W, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Qiao K, Jin X, Liu Q. Effects of root exudates on gel-beads/reeds combination remediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:158-164. [PMID: 27736675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in root exudates, including low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), amino acids and sugars, in rhizosphere soils during the gel-beads/reeds combination remediation for high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) and the degree of the effects on HMW-PAH biodegradation were evaluated in this study. The results showed that the gel-beads/reeds combination remediation notably increased the removal rates of pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (65.0-68.9%, 60.0-68.5% and 85.2-85.9%, respectively). During the removal of HMW-PAHs, the LMWOAs, particularly maleic acid, enhanced the biodegradation of HMW-PAHs. Arginine and trehalose monitored in reed root exudates promoted the growth of plants and microorganisms and then improved the removal of HMW-PAHs, especially pyrene. However, the contribution of reed root exudates on degradation of 5- and 6-ring PAHs was minor. These results indicated that the utilization of root exudates was certainly not the only important trait for the removal of HMW-PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Kaili Qiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
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Kuppusamy S, Thavamani P, Megharaj M, Lee YB, Naidu R. Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation potential of a new acid tolerant, diazotrophic P-solubilizing and heavy metal resistant bacterium Cupriavidus sp. MTS-7 isolated from long-term mixed contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 162:31-39. [PMID: 27475295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An isolate of Cupriavidus (strain MTS-7) was identified from a long-term PAHs and heavy metals mixed contaminated soil with the potential to biodegrade both LMW and HMW PAHs with added unique traits of acid and alkali tolerance, heavy metal tolerance, self-nutrient assimilation by N fixation and P solubilization. This strain completely degraded the model 3 (150 mg L(-1) Phe), 4 (150 mg L(-1) Pyr) and 5 (50 mg L(-1) BaP) ring PAHs in 4, 20 and 30 days, respectively. It could mineralize 90-100% of PAHs (200 mg L(-1) of Phe and Pyr) within 15 days across pH ranging from 5 to 8 and even in the presence of toxic metal contaminations. During biodegradation, the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 5 (Cu(2+)) and 3 (Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+)) mg L(-1) of the potentially bioavailable metal ions and over 17 mg L(-1) metal levels was lethal for the microbe. Further, it could fix 217-274 μg mL(-1) of N and solubilize 79-135 μg mL(-1) of P while PAHs degradation. MTS-7 as a superior candidate could be thus used in the enhanced bioaugmentation and/or phytoremediation of long-term mixed contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Kuppusamy
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia.
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Lahkar J, Deka H. Isolation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Degrading Fungal Candidate from Oil-Contaminated Soil and Degradation Potentiality Study on Anthracene. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2016.1220957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiumoni Lahkar
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Hemen Deka
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Tian W, Liu Q, Huang R, Jin X, Qiao K. Application of cinder gel-beads/reeds combination strategy for bioremediation of pyrene- and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene-contaminated estuarine wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10895-10902. [PMID: 26897584 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida PYR1 and Acinetobacter baumannii INP1 isolated from Liaohe estuarine wetlands were entrapped in cinder beads to make cinder gel-beads. They were combined with reeds for bioremediation of pyrene- and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene-contaminated estuarine wetlands. The results showed that the removal percentages of pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (69.2 and 89.8 % respectively) in 40 days using cinder gel-beads/reeds were obviously higher than those using cinder gel-beads(52.6 and 70.0 %) and reeds (33.5 and 78.6 %) alone, about four times those of the control (13.8 and 31.1 %). The removal efficiency of pyrene was in the order cinder gel-beads/reeds > cinder gel-beads > reeds > control, which was different from cinder gel-beads/reeds > reeds > cinder gel-beads > control of indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene. This result indicated that the functional mechanism to remove indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene with six benzene rings was different from that of pyrene. The synergistic effect of reeds and cinder gel-beads for indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene removal was weaker than that of pyrene. But the absorption and transformation of reeds with high efficiency were beneficial to indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene removal from wetlands. Additionally, microbial analysis with high-throughput sequencing presented that Gammaproteobacteria were dominant PAH-degrading groups in bioremediation with immobilized bacteria. This strategy can serve as a model system for the removal of more complex or structurally related organic compounds from contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruying Huang
- Suzhou Litree Ultra-filtration Membrane Technology Co. LTD, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Qiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
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Huang RY, Tian WJ, Liu Q, Yu HB, Jin X, Zhao YG, Zhou YH, Feng G. Enhanced biodegradation of pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene using bacteria immobilized in cinder beads in estuarine wetlands. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 102:128-33. [PMID: 26632525 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two strains (Pseudomonas taiwanensis PYR1 and Acinetobacter baumannii INP1) were isolated from PAH-contaminated Liaohe estuarine wetland using enrichment. The cells of PYR1 and INP1 were immobilized in cinder beads for pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene biodegradation in wetland. Biodegradation of pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene in soils from wetland was carried out in pots using free cells as well as those immobilized in cinder beads to ascertain the role of bioaugmentation. Supported by the cinder beads, the immobilized cells degraded 70.7% and 80.9% of pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene respectively after 30 days. While the free cells degraded only 58.2% and 55.3%. Additionally, microbial analysis with high-throughput sequencing revealed the changes of microbial communities in soil without and with cinder beads immobilized with strains. The result indicated that Gammaproteobacteria were dominant PAH-degrading groups during bioaugmentation. This effective approach can be used to treat other PAH-contaminated wetlands by immobilizing different species of bacteria in cinder beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ying Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wei-Jun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hui-Bo Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang-Guo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Gong Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266100, China
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Jové P, Olivella MÀ, Camarero S, Caixach J, Planas C, Cano L, De Las Heras FX. Fungal biodegradation of anthracene-polluted cork: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 51:70-77. [PMID: 26540209 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1079114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of cork waste in adsorbing aqueous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been previously reported. Biodegradation of contaminated cork using filamentous fungi could be a good alternative for detoxifying cork to facilitate its final processing. For this purpose, the degradation efficiency of anthracene by three ligninolytic white-rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus) and three non-ligninolytic fungi which are found in the cork itself (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium simplicissimum and Mucor racemosus) are compared. Anthracene degradation by all fungi was examined in solid-phase cultures after 0, 16, 30 and 61 days. The degradation products of anthracene by P. simplicissimum and I. lacteus were also identified by GC-MS and a metabolic pathway was proposed for P. simplicissimum. Results show that all the fungi tested degraded anthracene. After 61 days of incubation, approximately 86%, 40%, and 38% of the initial concentration of anthracene (i.e., 100 µM) was degraded by P. simplicissimum, P. chrysosporium and I. lacteus, respectively. The rest of the fungi degraded anthracene to a lesser extent (<30%). As a final remark, the results obtained in this study indicate that P. simplicissimum, a non-ligninolytic fungi characteristic of cork itself, could be used as an efficient degrader of PAH-contaminated cork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Jové
- a Catalan Cork Institute, Palafrugell , Girona , Spain
| | - Maria À Olivella
- b Departament of Chemistry , University of Girona , Girona , Spain
| | - Susana Camarero
- c Biological Research Center, Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass , Spain
| | - Josep Caixach
- d Department of Environmental Chemistry , Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, IDAEA-CSIC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- d Department of Environmental Chemistry , Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, IDAEA-CSIC , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura Cano
- a Catalan Cork Institute, Palafrugell , Girona , Spain
| | - Francesc X De Las Heras
- e Department of Mining Engineering and Natural Resources , Polytechnic University of Catalonia , Manresa , Spain
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Bisht S, Pandey P, Bhargava B, Sharma S, Kumar V, Sharma KD. Bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using rhizosphere technology. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:7-21. [PMID: 26221084 PMCID: PMC4512045 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246120131354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The remediation of polluted sites has become a priority for society because of increase in quality of life standards and the awareness of environmental issues. Over the past few decades there has been avid interest in developing in situ strategies for remediation of environmental contaminants, because of the high economic cost of physicochemical strategies, the biological tools for remediation of these persistent pollutants is the better option. Major foci have been considered on persistent organic chemicals i.e. polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to their ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic activity. Rhizoremediation, a specific type of phytoremediation that involves both plants and their associated rhizospheric microbes is the creative biotechnological approach that has been explored in this review. Moreover, in this review we showed the significance of rhizoremediation of PAHs from other bioremediation strategies i.e. natural attenuation, bioaugmentation and phytoremediation and also analyze certain environmental factor that may influence the rhizoremediation technique. Numerous bacterial species were reported to degrade variety of PAHs and most of them are isolated from contaminated soil, however few reports are available from non contaminated soil. Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Pseudomons fluoresens , Mycobacterium spp., Haemophilus spp., Rhodococcus spp., Paenibacillus spp. are some of the commonly studied PAH-degrading bacteria. Finally, exploring the molecular communication between plants and microbes, and exploiting this communication to achieve better results in the elimination of contaminants, is a fascinating area of research for future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Bisht
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, VCSG College of Horticulture, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Department of Floriculture & Landscaping Architecture, VCSG College of Horticulture, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Amity Institutite of Microbial Technology, Amity Univeristy, Noida, India
| | - Krishan D. Sharma
- VCSG College of Horticulture, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Uttarakhand, India
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Zielińska M, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Bernat K, Bułkowska K, Wojnowska-Baryła I. Removal of bisphenol A (BPA) in a nitrifying system with immobilized biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:305-313. [PMID: 25218202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential for bisphenol A (BPA) removal by mixed consortia of immobilized microorganisms with high nitrification activity was investigated with BPA concentrations in the influent from 2.5 to 10.0 mg/L. The presence of BPA limited ammonium oxidation; nitrification efficiency decreased from 91.2±1.3% in the control series to 47.4±9.4% when BPA concentration in wastewater was the highest. The efficiency of BPA removal rose from 87.1±5.5% to 92.9±2.9% with increased BPA concentration in the influent. Measurement of oxygen uptake rates by biomass exposed to BPA showed that BPA was mainly removed by heterotrophic bacteria. A strong negative correlation between the BPA removal efficiency and nitrification efficiency indicated the limited contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to BPA biodegradation. Exposure of biomass to BPA changed the quantity and diversity of AOB in the biomass as shown by real-time PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Słoneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Słoneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bernat
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Słoneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bułkowska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Słoneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Słoneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
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16
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Yan P, Lu M, Guan Y, Zhang W, Zhang Z. Remediation of oil-based drill cuttings through a biosurfactant-based washing followed by a biodegradation treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10252-10259. [PMID: 21925873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, oil-based drill cuttings were washed by a rhamnolipid solution and then subjected to bioremediation in stainless steel boxes using sawdust as bulking agent. A mixed bacterial culture, mainly containing Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Agrobacterium, and Comamonas, was used as inoculums. Approximately 83% of organics were removed after washing under optimal conditions (liquid/solid ratio, 3:1; washing time, 20 min; stirring speed, 200 rpm; rhamnolipid concentration, 360 mg/L; temperature, 60 °C), and the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of the cuttings dropped from 85,000 to 12,600 mg/kg. In the bioremediation stage, concentrations of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons decreased to 2140 and 1290 mg/kg, respectively, after 120 days. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry demonstrated that oxygen- and nitrogen-containing compounds had undergone biodegradation. The results of this study indicate that this two-stage remedial system can reduce treatment time and increase treatment efficiency as compared with a single bioremediation or washing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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17
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Haritash AK, Kaushik CP. Biodegradation aspects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 169:1-15. [PMID: 19442441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1423] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PAHs are aromatic hydrocarbons with two or more fused benzene rings with natural as well as anthropogenic sources. They are widely distributed environmental contaminants that have detrimental biological effects, toxicity, mutagenecity and carcinogenicity. Due to their ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic activity, the PAHs have gathered significant environmental concern. Although PAH may undergo adsorption, volatilization, photolysis, and chemical degradation, microbial degradation is the major degradation process. PAH degradation depends on the environmental conditions, number and type of the microorganisms, nature and chemical structure of the chemical compound being degraded. They are biodegraded/biotransformed into less complex metabolites, and through mineralization into inorganic minerals, H(2)O, CO(2) (aerobic) or CH(4) (anaerobic) and rate of biodegradation depends on pH, temperature, oxygen, microbial population, degree of acclimation, accessibility of nutrients, chemical structure of the compound, cellular transport properties, and chemical partitioning in growth medium. A number of bacterial species are known to degrade PAHs and most of them are isolated from contaminated soil or sediments. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomons fluoresens, Mycobacterium spp., Haemophilus spp., Rhodococcus spp., Paenibacillus spp. are some of the commonly studied PAH-degrading bacteria. Lignolytic fungi too have the property of PAH degradation. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Bjerkandera adusta, and Pleurotus ostreatus are the common PAH-degrading fungi. Enzymes involved in the degradation of PAHs are oxygenase, dehydrogenase and lignolytic enzymes. Fungal lignolytic enzymes are lignin peroxidase, laccase, and manganese peroxidase. They are extracellular and catalyze radical formation by oxidation to destabilize bonds in a molecule. The biodegradation of PAHs has been observed under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and the rate can be enhanced by physical/chemical pretreatment of contaminated soil. Addition of biosurfactant-producing bacteria and light oils can increase the bioavailability of PAHs and metabolic potential of the bacterial community. The supplementation of contaminated soils with compost materials can also enhance biodegradation without long-term accumulation of extractable polar and more available intermediates. Wetlands, too, have found an application in PAH removal from wastewater. The intensive biological activities in such an ecosystem lead to a high rate of autotrophic and heterotrophic processes. Aquatic weeds Typha spp. and Scirpus lacustris have been used in horizontal-vertical macrophyte based wetlands to treat PAHs. An integrated approach of physical, chemical, and biological degradation may be adopted to get synergistically enhanced removal rates and to treat/remediate the contaminated sites in an ecologically favorable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Haritash
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India.
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Brito EMS, Duran R, Guyoneaud R, Goñi-Urriza M, García de Oteyza T, Crapez MAC, Aleluia I, Wasserman JCA. A case study of in situ oil contamination in a mangrove swamp (Rio De Janeiro, Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:418-423. [PMID: 19185324 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are sensitive ecosystems of prominent ecological value that lamentably have lost much of their areas across the world. The vulnerability of mangroves grown in proximity to cities requires the development of new technologies for the remediation of acute oil spills and chronic contaminations. Studies on oil remediation are usually performed with in vitro microcosms whereas in situ experiments are rare. The aim of this work was to evaluate oil degradation on mangrove ecosystems using in situ microcosms seeded with an indigenous hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial consortium (HBC). Although the potential degradation of oil through HBC has been reported, their seeding directly on the sediment did not stimulate oil degradation during the experimental period. This is probably due to the availability of carbon sources that are easier to degrade than petroleum hydrocarbons. Our results emphasize the fragility of mangrove ecosystems during accidental oil spills and also the need for more efficient technologies for their remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elcia M S Brito
- Departamento de Geoquímica Ambiental, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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19
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Dadkhah AA, Akgerman A. Hot water extraction with in situ wet oxidation: kinetics of PAHs removal from soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2006; 137:518-26. [PMID: 16621253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Finding environmentally friendly and cost-effective methods to remediate soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is currently a major concern of researchers. In this study, a series of small-scale semi-continuous extractions--with and without in situ wet oxidation--were performed on soils polluted with PAHs, using subcritical water (i.e. liquid water at high temperatures and pressures, but below the critical point) as the removal agent. Experiments were performed in a 300 mL reactor using an aged soil sample. To find the desorption isotherms and oxidation reaction rates, semi-continuous experiments with residence times of 1 and 2 h were performed using aged soil at 250 degrees C and hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent. In all combined extraction and oxidation flow experiments, PAHs in the remaining soil after the experiments were almost undetectable. In combined extraction and oxidation no PAHs could be detected in the liquid phase after the first 30 min of the experiments. Based on these results, extraction with hot water, if combined with oxidation, should reduce the cost of remediation and can be used as a feasible alternative technique for remediating contaminated soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Dadkhah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA.
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