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Zhang H, Quan H, Yin S, Sun L, Lu H. Unraveling the Toxicity Associated with Ciprofloxacin Biodegradation in Biological Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15941-15952. [PMID: 36264842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete mineralization of antibiotics in biological sludge systems poses a risk to the environment. In this study, the toxicity associated with ciprofloxacin (CIP) biodegradation in activated sludge (AS), anaerobic methanogenic sludge (AnMS), and sulfur-mediated sludge (SmS) systems was examined via long-term bioreactor tests and a series of bioassays. The AS and AnMS systems were susceptible to CIP and its biotransformation products (TPs) and exhibited performance deterioration, while the SmS system exhibited high tolerance against the toxicity of CIP and its TPs along with excellent pollutant removal. Up to 14 TPs were formed via piperazinyl substituent cleavage, defluorination, decarboxylation, acetylation, and hydroxylation reactions in AS, AnMS, and SmS systems. Biodegradation of CIP in the AS, AnMS, and SmS systems, however, could not completely eliminate its toxicity as evident from the inhibition of Vibrio fischeri luminescence along with Escherichia coli K12 and Bacillus subtilis growth. The anaerobic systems (AnMS and SmS) were more effective than the aerobic AS system at CIP biodegradation, significantly reducing the antibacterial activity of CIP and its TPs in the aqueous phase. In addition, the quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that the TPs produced via decarboxylation and hydroxylation (TP2 and TP4) as well as by cleavage of piperazine (TP12, TP13, and TP14) exhibited higher toxicity than CIP. The findings of this study provide insights into the toxicity and possible risks associated with CIP biodegradation in biological wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518021, PR China
| | - Haoting Quan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shizhong Yin
- China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, China
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Mubeen S, Shahzadi I, Akram W, Saeed W, Yasin NA, Ahmad A, Shah AA, Siddiqui MH, Alamri S. Calcium Nanoparticles Impregnated With Benzenedicarboxylic Acid: A New Approach to Alleviate Combined Stress of DDT and Cadmium in Brassica alboglabra by Modulating Bioacummulation, Antioxidative Machinery and Osmoregulators. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:825829. [PMID: 35356123 PMCID: PMC8959818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.825829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
At present, the alleviation of stress caused by climate change and environmental contaminants is a crucial issue. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) and an organochlorine, which causes significant health problems in humans. The stress caused by cadmium (Cd) and the toxicity of DDT have direct effects on the growth and yield of crop plants. Ultimately, the greater uptake and accumulation of DDT by edible plants affects human health by contaminating the food chain. The possible solution to this challenging situation is to limit the passive absorption of POPs into the plants. Calcium (Ca) is an essential life component mandatory for plant growth and survival. This study used impregnated Ca (BdCa) of benzenedicarboxylic acid (Bd) to relieve abiotic stress in plants of Brassica alboglabra. BdCa mitigated the deleterious effects of Cd and reduced DDT bioaccumulation. By increasing the removal efficacy (RE) up to 256.14%, BdCa greatly decreased pollutant uptake (Cd 82.37% and DDT 93.64%) and supported photosynthetic machinery (86.22%) and antioxidant enzyme defenses (264.73%), in applied plants. Exogenously applied Bd also successfully improved the antioxidant system and the physiochemical parameters of plants. However, impregnation with Ca further enhanced plant tolerance to stress. This novel study revealed that the combined application of Ca and Bd could effectively relieve individual and combined Cd stress and DDT toxicity in B. alboglabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samavia Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Iqra Shahzadi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymersbased Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Waheed Akram
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Agriculture College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Garden, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Aqeel Ahmad,
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
- Anis Ali Shah,
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Fang C, Xiao D, Liu W, Lou X, Zhou J, Wang Z, Liu J. Enhanced AOX accumulation and aquatic toxicity during 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degradation in a Co(II)/peroxymonosulfate/Cl⁻ system. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2415-20. [PMID: 26613359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chloride ion is known to affect on degradation kinetics in different ways during HO· and SO4(·-)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, its effect on absorbable organic halogen (AOX) evolution and acute toxicity of treated water remains unknown, despite the importance of the two parameters in evaluating the applicability of AOPs. In the present study, Co/peroxymonosulfate (Co/PMS) and UV/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) treatment of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was compared in terms of AOX formation, chlorinated byproducts and acute toxicity. Both Co/PMS and UV/H2O2 systems were more reactive under acidic conditions, resulting in elevated AOX levels when compared with those at neutral pH. The presence of high levels of chloride led to an accumulation and increase of AOX in the Co/PMS system. The toxicity of chlorinated byproducts was evaluated using Photobacterium phosphoreum, and the results revealed a sharp increase in acute toxicity of Co/PMS reaction solutions on addition of chloride ion. However, addition of Cl(-) had no apparent impact on AOX and toxicity of UV/H2O2 reaction solutions. These findings may have significant technical implications for selecting feasible technologies to treat high salinity wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Fang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dongxue Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lou
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Jianshe Liu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Del Moro G, Pastore C, Di Iaconi C, Mascolo G. Iodinated contrast media electro-degradation: process performance and degradation pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 506-507:631-643. [PMID: 25433384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical degradation of six of the most widely used iodinated contrast media was investigated. Batch experiments were performed under constant current conditions using two DSA® electrodes (titanium coated with a proprietary and patented mixed metal oxide solution of precious metals such as iridium, ruthenium, platinum, rhodium and tantalum). The degradation removal never fell below 85% (at a current density of 64 mA/cm(2) with a reaction time of 150 min) when perchlorate was used as the supporting electrolyte; however, when sulphate was used, the degradation performance was above 80% (at a current density of 64 mA/cm(2) with a reaction time of 150 min) for all of the compounds studied. Three main degradation pathways were identified, namely, the reductive de-iodination of the aromatic ring, the reduction of alkyl aromatic amides to simple amides and the de-acylation of N-aromatic amides to produce aromatic amines. However, as amidotrizoate is an aromatic carboxylate, this is added via the decarboxylation reaction. The investigation did not reveal toxicity except for the lower current density used, which has shown a modest toxicity, most likely for some reaction intermediates that are not further degraded. In order to obtain total removal of the contrast media, it was necessary to employ a current intensity between 118 and 182 mA/cm(2) with energy consumption higher than 370 kWh/m(3). Overall, the electrochemical degradation was revealed to be a reliable process for the treatment of iodinated contrast media that can be found in contaminated waters such as hospital wastewater or pharmaceutical waste-contaminated streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Del Moro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Viale F. De Blasio 5, Bari 70132, Italy
| | - Carlo Pastore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Viale F. De Blasio 5, Bari 70132, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Iaconi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Viale F. De Blasio 5, Bari 70132, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Viale F. De Blasio 5, Bari 70132, Italy.
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Zhu XD, Wang YJ, Liu C, Qin WX, Zhou DM. Kinetics, intermediates and acute toxicity of arsanilic acid photolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:274-281. [PMID: 24405966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsanilic acid (4-amino phenyl arsenic acid, ASA) is widely used in poultry production as feed additives, while most of ASA in the feed is excreted in the animal manure and released into the environment. However, the environmental behaviors of ASA were not well understood. In the present study, the photolysis behaviors of ASA and the toxicity of its metabolites to luminescent bacterium were studied. The results showed that ASA could be photodegraded and this process was strongly affected by solution pH, humic acid and dissolved oxygen. Upon UV irradiation for 360 min, ASA could be completely eliminated, but the reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) was not significant. In addition, NH4(+) ions and inorganic arsenic including arsenite and arsenate were identified as the predominant end-products. The conversion of ASA included both direct and indirect photolysis involving radicals, and its possible photolysis pathways were proposed on the basis of the identified intermediates. Unfortunately, higher adverse effects of the conversion products of ASA on bacteria were observed during the photolysis reaction. The results of present study might be helpful for assessing the environmental persistence and risks of ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Mahmoud WMM, Toolaram AP, Menz J, Leder C, Schneider M, Kümmerer K. Identification of phototransformation products of thalidomide and mixture toxicity assessment: an experimental and quantitative structural activity relationships (QSAR) approach. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 49:11-22. [PMID: 24316178 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fate of thalidomide (TD) was investigated after irradiation with a medium-pressure Hg-lamp. The primary elimination of TD was monitored and structures of phototransformation products (PTPs) were assessed by LC-UV-FL-MS/MS. Environmentally relevant properties of TD and its PTPs as well as hydrolysis products (HTPs) were predicted using in silico QSAR models. Mutagenicity of TD and its PTPs was investigated in the Ames microplate format (MPF) aqua assay (Xenometrix, AG). Furthermore, a modified luminescent bacteria test (kinetic luminescent bacteria test (kinetic LBT)), using the luminescent bacteria species Vibrio fischeri, was applied for the initial screening of environmental toxicity. Additionally, toxicity of phthalimide, one of the identified PTPs, was investigated separately in the kinetic LBT. The UV irradiation eliminated TD itself without complete mineralization and led to the formation of several PTPs. TD and its PTPs did not exhibit mutagenic response in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, and TA 100 with and without metabolic activation. In contrast, QSAR analysis of PTPs and HTPs provided evidence for mutagenicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity using additional endpoints in silico software. QSAR analysis of different ecotoxicological endpoints, such as acute toxicity towards V. fischeri, provided positive alerts for several identified PTPs and HTPs. This was partially confirmed by the results of the kinetic LBT, in which a steady increase of acute and chronic toxicity during the UV-treatment procedure was observed for the photolytic mixtures at the highest tested concentration. Moreover, the number of PTPs within the reaction mixture that might be responsible for the toxification of TD during UV-treatment was successfully narrowed down by correlating the formation kinetics of PTPs with QSAR predictions and experimental toxicity data. Beyond that, further analysis of the commercially available PTP phthalimide indicated that transformation of TD into phthalimide was not the cause for the toxification of TD during UV-treatment. These results provide a path for toxicological assessment of complex chemical mixtures and in detail show the toxic potential of TD and its PTPs as well as its HTPs. This deserves further attention as UV irradiation might not always be a green technology, because it might pose a toxicological risk for the environment in general and specifically for water compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M M Mahmoud
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany; Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Anju P Toolaram
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Jakob Menz
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leder
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Mandy Schneider
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
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Kim HY, Jeon J, Yu S, Lee M, Kim TH, Kim SD. Reduction of toxicity of antimicrobial compounds by degradation processes using activated sludge, gamma radiation, and UV. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2480-2487. [PMID: 24083903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and persistence of pharmacologically active compounds in the environment has been an increasingly important issue. The objectives of this study were to investigate the decomposition of aqueous antimicrobial compounds using activated sludge, γ-irradiation, and UV treatment, and to evaluate the toxicity towards green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, before and after treatment. Tetracycline (TCN), lincomycin (LMC) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were used as target compounds. Gamma (γ)-irradiation showed the highest removal efficiency for all target compounds, while UV and activated sludge treatment showed compound-dependent removal efficiencies. TCN and SMZ were well degraded by all three treatment methods. However, LMC showed extremely low removal efficiency for UV and activated sludge treatments. Overall, the algal toxicity after degradation processes was significantly decreased, and was closely correlated to removal efficiency. However, in the case of γ-irradiated TCN, UV and activated sludge treated LMC as well as sludge treated SMZ, the observed toxicity was higher than expected, which indicates the substantial generation of byproducts or transformed compounds of a greater toxicity in the treated sample. Consequently, γ-radiation treatment could be an effective method for removal of recalcitrant compounds such as antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Niu J, Ding S, Zhang L, Zhao J, Feng C. Visible-light-mediated Sr-Bi2O3 photocatalysis of tetracycline: kinetics, mechanisms and toxicity assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1-8. [PMID: 23706401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) was investigated in aqueous solution by visible-light-driven photocatalyst Sr-doped β-Bi2O3 (Sr-Bi2O3) prepared via solvothermal synthesis. The decomposition of TC by Sr-Bi2O3 under visible light (λ>420nm) irradiation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the removal ratio reached 91.2% after 120min of irradiation. Sr-Bi2O3 photocatalysis is able to break the naphthol ring of TC which decomposes to m-cresol via dislodging hydroxyl group step by step by photogenerated electron. This mechanism was verified by electron spin resonance measurement, the addition of radical scavengers and the intermediate product analysis, indicating that the photogenerated electron acts as a reductant and can be the key to the degradation process. In contrast, in TiO2 photocatalysis the naphthol ring is broken via oxidation by hydroxyl radical, while in direct photolysis the ring remains intact. In addition, the toxicity of photodegradation products was analyzed by bioluminescence inhibition. After 120min of irradiation by Sr-Bi2O3, the toxicity decreases by 90.6%, which is more substantial than direct photolysis (70%) and TiO2 photocatalysis (80%), indicating that the Sr-Bi2O3 photocatalysis is more eco-friendly than the other two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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Zhu XD, Wang YJ, Sun RJ, Zhou DM. Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solution by nanosized TiO2. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:925-32. [PMID: 23541148 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are widely-used antibiotics in the world. Due to their poor absorption by human beings, or poultry and livestocks, most of them are excreted into the environment, causing growing concern about their potential impact, while photodegradation has been found to dominate their sequestration and bioavailability. Coupling with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and electron spin resonance (ESR), the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of TC in aqueous solution by nanosized TiO2 (P25) under UV irradiation was investigated. The photocatalysis eliminated 95% of TC and 60% of total organic carbon (TOC) after 60 min irradiation, and NH4(+) ion was found to be one of the end-products. Bioluminescence assay showed that the toxicity of TC solution reached the maximum after 20 min irradiation and then gradually decreased. The degradation of TC included electron transfer, hydroxylation, open-ring reactions and cleavage of the central carbon. A possible photocatalytic degradation pathway of TC was proposed on the basis of the identified intermediates. Overall, the TiO2 photocatalysis was found to be a promising process for removing TC and its intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of anthranilate derivatives (chemical group 27) when used as flavourings for all animal species. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Luo S, Yang S, Xue Y, Liang F, Sun C. Two-stage reduction/subsequent oxidation treatment of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in aqueous solutions: kinetic, pathway and toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:1795-1803. [PMID: 21807460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a two-stage reduction/subsequent oxidation (T-SRO) treatment of BDE-47, consisting of Fe-Ag reduction and Fenton-like oxidation, was investigated in this study. As an oxidation-resisting pollutant, BDE-47 (5 mg L(-1)) was difficult to be degraded by homogeneous Fe-Ag/H(2)O(2) system coupled with ultrasound (US) in 30 min. However, when this solution was firstly treated with Fe-Ag/US, the final debrominated product could be rapidly oxidized by the succeeding Fenton-like reactions, resulting in an efficient debromination of BDE-47 and a 100% mineralization of diphenyl ether (DPE). To scrutinize the degradation mechanism, several analytical techniques including HPLC, LC-MS/MS and GC/MS, were employed to monitor the major intermediates and final products. Moreover, luminescent bacteria test showed that the acute toxicity of the original solution (before reduction) was evidently lower than that of Fe-Ag/US reduction-treated solution; no toxicity was detected after Fenton-like oxidation. Evidence for the significance of a T-SRO treatment to decompose BDE-47 was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Yuan F, Hu C, Hu X, Wei D, Chen Y, Qu J. Photodegradation and toxicity changes of antibiotics in UV and UV/H(2)O(2) process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 185:1256-63. [PMID: 21074943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of three antibiotics, oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DTC), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in UV and UV/H(2)O(2) process was investigated with a low-pressure UV lamp system. Experiments were performed in buffered ultrapure water (UW), local surface water (SW), and treated water from local municipal drinking water treatment plant (DW) and wastewater treatment plant (WW). The efficiency of UV/H(2)O(2) process was affected by water quality. For all of the three selected antibiotics, the fastest degradation was observed in DW, and the slowest degradation occurred in WW. This phenomenon can be explained by R(OH,UV), defined as the experimentally determined OH radical exposure per UV fluence. The R(OH,UV) values represent the background OH radical scavenging in water matrix, obtained by the degradation of para-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA), a probe compound. In natural water, the indirect degradation of CIP did not significantly increase with the addition of H(2)O(2) due to its effective degradation by UV direct photolysis. Moreover, the formation of several photoproducts and oxidation products of antibiotics in UV/H(2)O(2) process was identified using GC-MS. Toxicity assessed by Vibrio fischer (V. fischer), was increased in UV photolysis, for the photoproducts still preserving the characteristic structure of the parent compounds. While in UV/H(2)O(2) process, toxicity increased first, and then decreased; nontoxic products were formed by the oxidation of OH radical. In this process, detoxification was much easier than mineralization for the tested antibiotics, and the optimal time for the degradation of pollutants in UV/H(2)O(2) process would be determined by parent compound degradation and toxicity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Lu GH, Wang C, Wang PF, Chen ZY. Joint toxicity evaluation and QSAR modeling of aromatic amines and phenols to bacteria. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 83:8-14. [PMID: 19308299 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity of aromatic amines and phenols and their mixtures to bacteria in natural waters was determined and the median inhibition concentration IC(50) values for single compounds and IC(50mix) values for binary and multiple mixtures were obtained. Based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship model for single chemical toxicity, a two-descriptor model accounting for n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log P(mix)) and the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E(LUMOmix)) was developed for the toxicity of a mixture: log(1/IC(50mix) = 0.326 log P(mix) - 0.660E(LUMOmix) + 3.323 (n = 32, R(2) = 0.834). This model can be used successfully to predict the toxicity of a mixture, whether binary mixtures or multiple mixtures of three or four chemicals are used as predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education of Hohai University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Jiao S, Zheng S, Yin D, Wang L, Chen L. Aqueous photolysis of tetracycline and toxicity of photolytic products to luminescent bacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:377-382. [PMID: 18617218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of antibiotics in the pharmaceutical therapies and agricultural husbandry has led to the worldwide pollution in environments. In this study the photolysis behaviors of tetracycline (TC) and toxicity of its degradation products were investigated. The results showed that TC photolysis followed first-order kinetics. The photolysis rate was found to be dependent on the initial TC concentration and increasing TC concentration from 10 to 40mgl(-1) led to the decrease of the photolysis rate constant from 0.0045min(-1) to 0.0014min(-1). TC photolysis was highly pH-dependent and strongly enhanced at high pH value. Markedly elevated TC photolysis was also observed in the presence of nitrate and dissolved organic matter. Upon irradiation for 300min, only 15% reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) occurred in spite of quick conversion of 73% of TC, suggesting that a majority of TC transformed into intermediate products without complete mineralization. The intermediate products from TC photolysis were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) and the main photolysis products of TC were proposed. The toxicity of the photolysis compounds was evaluated using luminescent bacterium, and the results revealed that the toxicity increased with irradiation, indicative of a higher adversity risk of the degradation products of TC on bacteria upon photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Kim JH, Gramatica P, Kim MG, Kim D, Tratnyek PG. QSAR modelling of water quality indices of alkylphenol pollutants. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 18:729-743. [PMID: 18038370 DOI: 10.1080/10629360701698761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the degradability of 26 Alkylphenols (APs) by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and/or 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD(5)), and to describe these data from Quantitative Structure-activity Relationships (QSARs). Statistical analysis techniques, such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Principal Component Regression (PCR), Partial Least-Squares (PLS) Regression and Neural Network (NN) were carried out to calibrate and validate four-descriptor QSAR models using two different types of descriptor sets. Stable MLR-QSAR models using Leave-One-Out (LOO) were obtained with high predictability performance: r(2) = 0.924, Q(2)(cv) =0.854 for log (1/BOD) model on 24 APs and r(2) = 0.888, Q(2)(cv) = 0.818 for log (1/COD) on all the studied APs. The MLR models, built with four Dragon descriptors selected by Genetic Algorithm (GA), presented the following performances on 24 APs: r(2) = 0.889, Q(2)(cv) = 0.848 for log (1/BOD(5)) and r(2) = 0.885, Q(2)(cv) = 0.834 for log (1/COD) on 26 compounds. From these results, it is expected that the QSAR models generated could be successfully expanded to predict the biological and chemical activities of structurally diverse AP compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Health Science, School of Natural Science, Dongduk Women's University, Wolgog-dong 23-1, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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