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Sompornpailin D, Pulgerd P, Sangsanont J, Thayanukul P, Punyapalakul P. Removal of antibiotics, bacterial toxicity, and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in secondary hospital effluents treated with granular activated carbon and the impact of preceding chlorination. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172095. [PMID: 38575011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive investigation highlighted the complex adsorption behaviors of antibiotics onto granular activated carbon (GAC), the effectiveness of this adsorption in reducing bacterial toxicity, and the reduction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in hospital wastewater (HWW) effluents. Six GACs were characterized for their physicochemical properties, and their ability to adsorb six antibiotics in the background matrix of actual HWW was evaluated. Coconut shell-derived GAC (Co-U), which had the highest hydrophobicity and lowest content of oxygen-containing acidic functional groups, demonstrated the highest adsorption capacities for the tested antibiotics. Bacterial toxicity tests revealed that GACs could eliminate the bacterial toxicity from antibiotic intermediates present in chlorinated HWW. By contrast, the bacterial toxicity could not be removed by GACs in non-chlorinated HWW due to the greater presence of intermediate components identified by LC-MS/MS. The intraparticle diffusion coefficient of antibiotics adsorbed onto Co-U could be calculated by adsorption kinetics derived from the linear driving force model and the homogenous intraparticle diffusion model associated with the linear adsorption isotherms (0-150 μg/L). Meropenem and sulfamethoxazole exhibited the highest adsorption capacities in a single-solute solution compared to penicillin G, ampicillin, cetazidime, and ciprofloxacin. However, the greater adsorption capacities of meropenem and sulfamethoxazole disappeared in mixed-solute solutions, indicating the lowest adsorption competition. GAC can eliminate most ARGs while also promoting the growth of some ARB. Chlorination (free chlorine residues at 0.5 mg Cl2/L) did not significantly affect the overall composition of ARGs and ARB in HWW. However, the accumulation of ARGs and ARB on GAC in fixed bed columns was lower in chlorinated HWW than in non-chlorinated HWW due to an increase in the adsorption of intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujduan Sompornpailin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panisa Pulgerd
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jatuwat Sangsanont
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environmental Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Parinda Thayanukul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Patiparn Punyapalakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Research unit Control of Emerging Micropollutants in Environment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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An B, Chen P, Tao Y. The roles of membrane permeability and efflux pumps in the toxicity of bisphenol S analogues (2,4-bisphenol S and bis-(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone) to Escherichia coli K12. Chemosphere 2023; 329:138697. [PMID: 37062394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) analogues are a group of recently reported emerging contaminants in the environment. Bacteria are important components of food webs. However, the potential risks of BPS analogues in bacteria have not been fully addressed. The toxicity effects and related mechanisms of two BPS analogues with different molecular weights (2,4-bisphenol S (2,4-BPS) and bis-(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (TGSA)) on Escherichia coli K12 were compared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2,4-BPS in the wild-type of E. coli K12 was lower than that of TGSA. The membrane permeability of the wild-type increased significantly after exposed to the same concentrations (0.5-50 nmol L-1) of 2,4-BPS and TGSA. In addition, 2,4-BPS induced more significant changes in membrane permeability than TGSA. Hormetic effects of 2,4-BPS and TGSA in the wild-type strain were noted in the levels of outer membrane proteins (ompC and ompF), multidrug efflux pump acriflavine resistance B (acrB) and type II topoisomerases. Transcriptomic results indicated these two BPS analogues inhibited the function of ABC transporters. In contrast to TGSA, 2,4-BPS affected DNA replication, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and inhibited energy metabolism. Compared with wild-type strain, the ΔacrB mutant strain showed enhanced susceptibility to 2,4-BPS and TGSA with their MICs reduced by 20% and 11%, respectively. Deletion of the acrB affected the growth characteristics and induced stronger oxidative stress than the wild-type strain when exposed to 2,4-BPS or TGSA. The results suggested that 2,4-BPS were more toxic to E. coli K12 than TGSA in the concentration range of 0.5-50 nmol L-1, which was supported by the evidence from their impacts on membrane permeability and efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui An
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Yuqiang Tao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China.
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Aruguete D, Miller K, Wallace A, Blakney T, Muccio D, Pell R, Williamson C. The effects of palladium coordination complex speciation and concentration upon the ubiquitous bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 251:114512. [PMID: 36634480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of three different palladium (Pd) species to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an environmentally ubiquitous bacterial species, is reported. Palladium was added to chemically-defined minimal media as three complex ion salts, namely sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2[PdCl4]), tetraamminepalladium(II) chloride ([Pd(NH3)4]Cl2), and potassium hexachloropalladate(IV) (K2[PdCl6]), inoculated with log-phase cultures and incubated for 24 h at 25 °C. Toxicity was tested for Pd concentrations ranging from 6.55 μg/L (0.06 μM Pd) to 250 μg/L (2.33 μM Pd). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined and growth tracked via optical absorption at 600 nm. Viability and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were measured in parallel with dilution, plating and colony forming unit (CFU) counting. MICs for all forms of Pd were 62.5 μg Pd/L, approximately 1000 times lower than previously reported values. The MBCs for PdCl42- and Pd(NH3)42+ were 62.5 μg Pd/L and 125 μg Pd/L for PdCl62-. Pd(NH3)42+ and PdCl62- culture viability at 7.8-31.3 μg Pd/L was not different from controls. However, PdCl42- culture viability was different from the other additives, with decreasing viability at sub-MBC concentrations down to 6.55 μg Pd/L. To understand the possible effect of speciation upon toxicity, the equilibrium speciation of Pd was modeled for all solutions using PHREEQC and found to be dominated by Pd(NH3)3Cl+ (65.6 % of total Pd) and Pd(NH3)42+ (34.2 % total Pd). The juxtaposition of the equilibrium calculations and the toxicity results indicates that the kinetics of ligand exchange between the palladium complexes and the growth medium could influence bacterial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Aruguete
- Department of Environmental Science, Penn State Behrend, 4701 College Drive, Erie, PA 16563, USA.
| | - Kelly Miller
- Department of Biology, Penn State Behrend, 4701 College Drive, Erie, PA 16563, USA
| | - Adam Wallace
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, 261S. College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Terry Blakney
- Department of Mathematics, Penn State Behrend, 4701 College Drive, Erie, PA 16563, USA
| | - Daniel Muccio
- Department of Environmental Science, Penn State Behrend, 4701 College Drive, Erie, PA 16563, USA
| | - Rachel Pell
- Department of Biology, Penn State Behrend, 4701 College Drive, Erie, PA 16563, USA
| | - Carson Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Behrend, 4701 College Drive, Erie, PA 16563, USA
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Lu Y, Hu S, Zhang H, Song Q, Zhou W, Shen X, Xia D, Yang Y, Zhu H, Liu C. Effect of humic acid on bioreduction of facet-dependent hematite by Shewanella putrefaciens CN-32. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157713. [PMID: 35914600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions between iron (Fe) (hydr)oxide surfaces and the activity of bacteria during dissimilatory Fe reduction affect extracellular electron transfer. The presence of organic matter (OM) and exposed facets of Fe (hydr)oxides influence this process. However, the underlying interfacial mechanism of facet-dependent hematite and its toxicity toward microbes during bioreduction in the presence of OM remains unknown. Herein, humic acid (HA), as typical OM, was selected to investigate its effect on the bioreduction of hematite {100} and {001}. When HA concentration was increased from 0 to 500 mg L-1, the bioreduction rates increased from 0.02 h-1 to 0.04 h-1 for hematite {100} and from 0.026 h-1 to 0.05 h-1 for hematite {001}. Since hematite {001} owned lower resistance than hematite {100} irrespective of the HA concentration, and hematite {100} was less favorable for reduction. Microscopy-based analysis showed that more hematite {001} nanoparticles adhered to the cell surface and were bound more closely to the bacteria. Moreover, less cell damage was observed in the HA-hematite {001} treatments. As the reaction progressed, some bacterial cells died or were inactivated; confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that bacterial survival was higher in the HA-hematite {001} treatments than in the HA-hematite {100} treatments after bioreduction. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that facet-dependent binding was primarily realized by surface complexation of carboxyl functional groups with structural Fe atoms, and that the binding order of HA functional groups and hematite was affected by the exposed facets. The exposed facets of hematite could influence the electrochemical properties and activity of bacteria, as well as the binding of bacteria and Fe oxides in the presence of OM, thereby governing the extracellular electron transfer and concomitant bioreduction of Fe (hydr)oxides. These results provide new insights into the interfacial reactions between OM and facet-dependent Fe oxides in anoxic, OM-rich soil and sediment environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmei Song
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xia
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Lin J, Xue C, Guo S, Owens G, Chen Z. Impact of green reduced graphene oxide on sewage sludge bioleaching with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidanse. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115455. [PMID: 33254716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide graphene use is rapidly increasing in a variety of industrial applications to such an extent that efflux into the environment seems inevitable where the likely final reservoirs of graphene wastes is likely to be wastewater treatment plants are. Despite this an understanding of how graphene products impact the bioleaching of metals from sludge is still limited. In this study, the effect of reduced graphene oxide synthesized from eucalyptus leaf extracts (EL-rGO) on Zn2+ and Cu2+ bioleaching from sludge was investigated. The major new findings were that EL-rGO had a negative effect on Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) growth; since optical density decreased by 0.059 as EL-rGO dose increased from 1 to 50 mg/L, and the bioleaching of Cu2+ and Zn2+ decreased by 27.7 and 20.2%, respectively. While at a EL-rGO dose of 1 mg/L A. ferrooxidans grew better, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that exposure to EL-rGO caused cell membrane disruption at 50 mg/L. Cytotoxicity tests showed that this was related to an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These new findings provide evidence that green synthesized rGO is toxic to microorganisms and that toxicity increased with rGO dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajiang Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Shen Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Gary Owens
- Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Zuliang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China.
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Pahumunto N, Basic A, Östberg AK, Teanpaisan R, Dahlen G. Oral Lactobacillus strains reduce cytotoxicity and cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans subtypes in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 32917132 PMCID: PMC7488720 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the effect of oral lactobacilli on the cytotoxicity and cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans subtypes in vitro. The supernatants and cell wall extracts (CWEs) of eight A. actinomycetemcomitans strains, representing different subtypes, and three Lactobacillus strains were used. The PBMCs from six blood donors were exposed to supernatants and CWEs of A. actinomycetemcomitans or Lactobacillus strains alone or combinations and untreated cells as control. The cytotoxicity was determined by trypan blue exclusion method and IL-1β secretion by ELISA. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 secretions were measured using Bioplex Multiplex Immunoassay. Results Supernatants or CWEs from all bacterial strains showed cytotoxicity and IL-1β secretion and the subtypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans showed generally a significantly higher effect on PBMCs than that of the Lactobacillus strains. Two highly toxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains (JP2 and JP2-like) induced a higher response than all other strains. When combined, Lactobacillus significantly reduced the toxicity and the IL-1β secretion induced by A. acinomycetemcomitans. The effect varied between the subtypes and the reduction was highest for the JP2 and JP2-like strains. The Lactobacillus paracasei strain SD1 had a higher reducing effect than the other Lactobacillus strains. This strain had a consistent reducing effect on all subtypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans cytotoxicity, and release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α from PBMCs of the blood donors. A strong and significant variation in cytokine release between the six blood donors was noticed. Conclusions Lactobacillus spp. and L. paracasei SD1 in particular, showed a limited but statistically significant reducing interaction with A. actinomycetemcomitans toxicity and release of cytokines in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntiya Pahumunto
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Amina Basic
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Zhang M, Yi K, Zhang X, Han P, Liu W, Tong M. Modification of zero valent iron nanoparticles by sodium alginate and bentonite: Enhanced transport, effective hexavalent chromium removal and reduced bacterial toxicity. J Hazard Mater 2020; 388:121822. [PMID: 31837936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid aggregation/sedimentation and decreased transport of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles limit their application in groundwater remediation. To decrease the aggregation/sedimentation and increase the transport of nZVI, sodium alginate (a natural polysaccharide) and bentonite (one type of ubiquitous clay) were employed to modify nZVI. Different techniques were utilized to characterize the modified nZVI. We found that modification with either sodium alginate or bentonite could disperse nZVI and shifted their zeta potentials from positive to negative. Comparing with the bare nZVI, the sedimentation rates of modified nZVI either by sodium alginate or bentonite are greatly decreased and their transport are significantly increased. The transport of modified nZVI can be greatly increased by increasing flow rate. Furthermore, Cr(VI) can be efficiently removed by the modified nZVI (both sodium alginate and bentonite modified nZVI). Comparing with bare nZVI, the two types of modified nZVI contain lower toxicities to Escherichia coli. The results of this study indicate that both sodium alginate and bentonite can be employed as potential stabilizers to disperse nZVI and improve their application feasibility for in situ groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Kexin Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Peng Han
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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Xiong Z, Zhang X, Zhang S, Lei L, Ma W, Li D, Wang W, Zhao Q, Xing B. Bacterial toxicity of exfoliated black phosphorus nanosheets. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:507-514. [PMID: 29913419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Newly emerged two-dimensional material, black phosphorus (BP) shows promising applications in many fields owing to its superior properties. Despite the biological effects of BP were studied, its environmental impacts have not yet received enough attention. In this study, the bacterial toxicity of exfoliated BP nanosheets was for the first time evaluated against two model bacteria strains, Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). By monitoring the bacterial growth curve and colony counting, the bacterial toxicity of BP nanosheets was examined. Higher toxicity was induced for Gram-negative E. coli compared to Gram-positive B. subtilis after 6 h treatment, which was reversed at 12 h due to membrane self-healing of E. coli. The bacterial toxicity followed a time- and concentration-dependent fashion, with a maximum bactericidal efficiency of 91.65% and 99.69% for E. coli and B. subtilis, respectively, after 12 h exposure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent oxidative stress and membrane damage were the main bactericidal mechanisms as proved by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. This study indicates the potential environmental risk of BP nanosheets and the data from this work will guide their safety applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xiong
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Neale PA, Leusch FDL, Escher BI. Applying mixture toxicity modelling to predict bacterial bioluminescence inhibition by non-specifically acting pharmaceuticals and specifically acting antibiotics. Chemosphere 2017; 173:387-394. [PMID: 28129616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and antibiotics co-occur in the aquatic environment but mixture studies to date have mainly focused on pharmaceuticals alone or antibiotics alone, although differences in mode of action may lead to different effects in mixtures. In this study we used the Bacterial Luminescence Toxicity Screen (BLT-Screen) after acute (0.5 h) and chronic (16 h) exposure to evaluate how non-specifically acting pharmaceuticals and specifically acting antibiotics act together in mixtures. Three models were applied to predict mixture toxicity including concentration addition, independent action and the two-step prediction (TSP) model, which groups similarly acting chemicals together using concentration addition, followed by independent action to combine the two groups. All non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals had similar EC50 values at both 0.5 and 16 h, indicating together with a QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) analysis that they act as baseline toxicants. In contrast, the antibiotics' EC50 values decreased by up to three orders of magnitude after 16 h, which can be explained by their specific effect on bacteria. Equipotent mixtures of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals only, antibiotics only and both non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals and antibiotics were prepared based on the single chemical results. The mixture toxicity models were all in close agreement with the experimental results, with predicted EC50 values within a factor of two of the experimental results. This suggests that concentration addition can be applied to bacterial assays to model the mixture effects of environmental samples containing both specifically and non-specifically acting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Beate I Escher
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Cell Toxicology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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Szabó L, Tóth T, Engelhardt T, Rácz G, Mohácsi-Farkas C, Takács E, Wojnárovits L. Change in hydrophilicity of penicillins during advanced oxidation by radiolytically generated OH compromises the elimination of selective pressure on bacterial strains. Sci Total Environ 2016; 551-552:393-403. [PMID: 26881730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes are promising technologies for removal of antibiotic residues from wastewater in terms of their high efficacy. However, recent studies have reported the remaining antibacterial activity of the products at early-stages of treatment. The present study investigates the effect of such products of model β-lactams (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin) on bacteria introducing structure-based, and biological approaches involving Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Chemical analysis revealed the destruction of the β-lactam pharmacophore in competition with the reaction at the aromatic ring. Multisite attack occurs on the penicillin skeleton producing OH-substituted products. The enhanced hydrophilicity confers higher diffusion rate through the porin channels of Gram-negative bacteria and through the hydrophilic cell wall of Gram-positive species. Accordingly, an increase in acute toxicity of treated samples was observed at the beginning of the treatment. The same tendency was observed for target-specific antimicrobial activity investigated with antibiotic susceptibility testing (agar-diffusion, bacterial growth). Prolonged treatments yielded products, e.g. polyhydroxylated phenolic compounds, being also deleterious for bacteria. Therefore, the advanced oxidation process should be judiciously optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Szabó
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tünde Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tekla Engelhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Corvinus University of Budapest, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Rácz
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Mohácsi-Farkas
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Corvinus University of Budapest, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Takács
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Corvinus University of Budapest, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Wojnárovits
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
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Mahmoud WMM, Toolaram AP, Menz J, Leder C, Schneider M, Kümmerer K. Identification of phototransformation products of thalidomide and mixture toxicity assessment: an experimental and quantitative structural activity relationships (QSAR) approach. Water Res 2014; 49:11-22. [PMID: 24316178 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fate of thalidomide (TD) was investigated after irradiation with a medium-pressure Hg-lamp. The primary elimination of TD was monitored and structures of phototransformation products (PTPs) were assessed by LC-UV-FL-MS/MS. Environmentally relevant properties of TD and its PTPs as well as hydrolysis products (HTPs) were predicted using in silico QSAR models. Mutagenicity of TD and its PTPs was investigated in the Ames microplate format (MPF) aqua assay (Xenometrix, AG). Furthermore, a modified luminescent bacteria test (kinetic luminescent bacteria test (kinetic LBT)), using the luminescent bacteria species Vibrio fischeri, was applied for the initial screening of environmental toxicity. Additionally, toxicity of phthalimide, one of the identified PTPs, was investigated separately in the kinetic LBT. The UV irradiation eliminated TD itself without complete mineralization and led to the formation of several PTPs. TD and its PTPs did not exhibit mutagenic response in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, and TA 100 with and without metabolic activation. In contrast, QSAR analysis of PTPs and HTPs provided evidence for mutagenicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity using additional endpoints in silico software. QSAR analysis of different ecotoxicological endpoints, such as acute toxicity towards V. fischeri, provided positive alerts for several identified PTPs and HTPs. This was partially confirmed by the results of the kinetic LBT, in which a steady increase of acute and chronic toxicity during the UV-treatment procedure was observed for the photolytic mixtures at the highest tested concentration. Moreover, the number of PTPs within the reaction mixture that might be responsible for the toxification of TD during UV-treatment was successfully narrowed down by correlating the formation kinetics of PTPs with QSAR predictions and experimental toxicity data. Beyond that, further analysis of the commercially available PTP phthalimide indicated that transformation of TD into phthalimide was not the cause for the toxification of TD during UV-treatment. These results provide a path for toxicological assessment of complex chemical mixtures and in detail show the toxic potential of TD and its PTPs as well as its HTPs. This deserves further attention as UV irradiation might not always be a green technology, because it might pose a toxicological risk for the environment in general and specifically for water compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M M Mahmoud
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany; Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Anju P Toolaram
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Jakob Menz
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leder
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Mandy Schneider
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
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