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Nguyen HT, Pham VQ, Nguyen TPM, Nguyen TTT, Tu BM, Le PT. Emission and distribution profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid residues of municipal and industrial waste incinerators, Northern Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:38255-38268. [PMID: 36580247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and profiles of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter (PM10), fly ash (FA), and bottom ash (BA) were examined in three incineration residues. Samples were collected from different municipal and industrial solid waste incinerators in Northern Vietnam. The average concentrations of total PAHs in PM10, fly ash, and bottom ash were 9.55 × 103 ng/Nm3, 215 × 103 ng/g, and 2.38 ng/g, respectively. Low-molecular-weight PAHs (2 to 3 rings) were predominant in most samples. The emission factor of total PAHs decreased in the order of FA > BA > PM10. A higher concentration of total PAHs was found in industrial facilities than that in municipal ones. The high carcinogenic proportion of PAHs together with significantly high annual emissions reflect the high pollution risk to the ecosystem by PAHs in the case of reuse of incineration ashes (e.g., brick production). Regarding the carcinogenic risk of PAH-bounded ashes or particles, calculations from this study imply the significant threat for workers who have been manipulated in the incineration facilities, directly exposed to fly and bottom ashes. Meanwhile, the risk from PAH-bound particulate was not considered a significant threat for both normal adults and children. Further study on PAHs contained in incinerator waste dumps should be conducted in Vietnam to assess the potential contamination risk of these incineration by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Viet Quoc Pham
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Mai Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Thanh Xuan, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Thai Nguyen University, Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City, 24000, Vietnam
| | - Binh Minh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong street, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thu Le
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Trung NT, Anh HQ, Tue NM, Suzuki G, Takahashi S, Tanabe S, Khai NM, Hong TT, Dau PT, Thuy PC, Tuyen LH. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter samples from Hanoi, Vietnam: Particle size distribution, aryl hydrocarbon ligand receptor activity, and implication for cancer risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130720. [PMID: 33964743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and profiles of unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs and Me-PAHs) were analyzed in airborne particulate matter (PM) samples collected from high-traffic roads in Hanoi urban area. Levels of PAHs and Me-PAHs ranged from 210 to 660 (average 420) ng/m3 in total PM, and these pollutants were mainly associated with fine particles (PM2.5) rather than coarser ones (PM > 10 and PM10). Proportions of high-molecular-weight compounds (i.e., 5- and 6-ring) increased with decreasing particle size. Benzo[b+k]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and benzo[ghi]perylene were the most predominant compounds in the PM2.5 samples. In all the samples, Me-PAHs were less abundant than unsubstituted PAHs. The PAH-CALUX assays were applied to evaluate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand activities in crude extracts and different fractions from the PM samples. Benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (BaP-EQs) derived by the PAH-CALUX assays for low polar fractions (mainly PAHs and Me-PAHs) ranged from 300 to 840 ng/m3, which were more consistent with theoretical values derived by using PAH-CALUX relative potencies (270-710 ng/m3) rather than conventional toxic equivalency factor-based values (22-69 ng/m3). Concentrations of PAHs and Me-PAHs highly correlated with bioassay-derived BaP-EQs. AhR-mediated activities of more polar compounds and interaction effects between PAH-related compounds were observed. By using PAH-CALUX BaP-EQs, the ILCR values ranged from 1.0 × 10-4 to 2.8 × 10-4 for adults and from 6.4 × 10-5 to 1.8 × 10-4 for children. Underestimation of cancer risk can be eliminated by using effect-directed method (e.g., PAH-CALUX) rather than chemical-specific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Trung
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nguyen Manh Khai
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Hong
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Dau
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Chau Thuy
- Faculty of Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, 12400, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 11400, Viet Nam.
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Hoang AQ, Takahashi S, Da Le N, Hoang TTH, Duong TT, Pham TMH, Nguyen TD, Phung TXB, Nguyen TAH, Le HT, Nguyen MT, Tu MB, Nguyen YTH, Nguyen TML, Phung VP, Le TPQ. Unsubstituted and Methylated PAHs in Surface Sediment of Urban Rivers in the Red River Delta (Hanoi, Vietnam): Concentrations, Profiles, Sources, and Ecological Risk Assessment. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:475-486. [PMID: 33760936 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (22 PAHs and 17 Me-PAHs) were examined in surface sediments collected from the Red River and four inner-city rivers of Hanoi City, Vietnam. Concentrations of total PAHs and Me-PAHs ranged from 52 to 920 (median 710) and from 70 to 2600 (median 1000) ng/g dry weight in samples of dry and wet seasons, respectively. Significant correlation was observed between total PAHs and organic carbon contents (Spearman's ρ = 0.782; p < 0.05). PAHs were more abundant than Me-PAHs in all samples and dominated by 4-6 ring compounds. The most predominant PAHs were benzo[ghi]perylene, benzo[b/j]fluoranthene, chrysene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene. Methylated derivatives of naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and benz[a]anthracene were frequently detected. The patterns of PAHs indicated principal pyrogenic sources (notably gasoline exhaust) in this highly urbanized area. The occurrence of several PAHs were occasionally associated with adverse effects on benthic organisms of the inner-city rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan.
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Nhu Da Le
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Ha Hoang
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | | | - Tien Dat Nguyen
- Center of Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Anh Huong Nguyen
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Huu Tuyen Le
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tue Nguyen
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Yen Thi Hong Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Minh Loi Nguyen
- Quang Binh University, 312 Ly Thuong Kiet, Dong Hoi, Quang Binh, 47000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Phong Phung
- Institute for Technology of Radioactive and Rare Elements, 48 Lang Ha, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Quynh Le
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
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Hoa NTQ, Anh HQ, Tue NM, Trung NT, Da LN, Van Quy T, Huong NTA, Suzuki G, Takahashi S, Tanabe S, Thuy PC, Dau PT, Viet PH, Tuyen LH. Soil and sediment contamination by unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an informal e-waste recycling area, northern Vietnam: Occurrence, source apportionment, and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:135852. [PMID: 31887494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Improper processing activities of e-waste are potential sources of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, however, information about the environmental occurrence and adverse impacts of these toxic substances is still limited for informal e-waste recycling areas in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. In this study, unsubstituted and methylated PAHs were determined in surface soil and river sediment samples collected from a rural village with informal e-waste recycling activities in northern Vietnam. Total levels of PAHs and MePAHs decreased in the order: workshop soil (median 2900; range 870-42,000 ng g-1) > open burning soil (2400; 840-4200 ng g-1) > paddy field soil (1200; range 530-6700 ng g-1) > river sediment samples (750; 370-2500 ng g-1). About 60% of the soil samples examined in this study were heavily contaminated with PAHs. Fingerprint profiles of PAHs and MePAHs in the soil and sediment samples indicated that these pollutants were mainly released from pyrogenic sources rather than petrogenic sources. The emissions of PAHs and MePAHs in this area were probably attributed to uncontrolled burning of e-waste and agricultural by-products, domestic coal and biomass combustion, and traffic activities. Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of PAHs in the e-waste workshop soils were significantly higher than those of the field soils; however, the incremental lifetime cancer risk of PAH-contaminated soils in this study ranged from 5.5 × 10-9 to 4.6 × 10-6, implying acceptable levels of human health risk. Meanwhile, concentrations of some compounds such as phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene in several soil samples exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations, indicating the risk of ecotoxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Environment, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Khoai Chau, Hung Yen, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thanh Trung
- Faculty of Environmental Science, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Nhu Da
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Van Quy
- Faculty of Environmental Science, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Anh Huong
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Pham Chau Thuy
- Faculty of Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Dau
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Anh HQ, Minh TB, Tran TM, Takahashi S. Road dust contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their methylated derivatives in northern Vietnam: Concentrations, profiles, emission sources, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113073. [PMID: 31454573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs and Me-PAHs) were examined in road dusts from some representative areas with different land-use types in northern Vietnam, providing updated information about the occurrence, sources, and risks of these pollutants in Southeast Asian region. The Vietnamese road dusts were contaminated with low to moderate levels of PAHs and Me-PAHs as compared to those from other countries in the world. Concentrations of PAHs and Me-PAHs (Σ34PAHs) decreased in the order: urban (median 1800; range 1100-5500) ≈ industrial (1300; 550-10,000) > suburban (450; 310-1300) ≈ rural road dust (330; 210-2300 ng g-1), suggesting an urban-rural declining trend and effects of urbanization-industrialization processes in PAH emission extent in Vietnam. The profiles and diagnostic ratios of PAHs and Me-PAHs in our samples revealed that these compounds were mainly derived from pyrogenic sources rather than petrogenic sources. Traffic emissions (e.g., vehicle exhaust, tire debris, and possible leaks of fuels, oils, and lubricants) were estimated as principal sources of PAHs and Me-PAHs, especially in the urban and industrial areas. Other pyrogenic sources (e.g., coal, wood, and biomass combustion) were also existed in the industrial, suburban, and rural areas, reflecting PAH origins from thermal industrial processes, open burning of agricultural by-products, and domestic energy utilization. Persons working outdoors and children in the urban and industrial areas were estimated to receive higher intake doses of PAHs and Me-PAHs, which were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those estimated for other groups. Except for potential cancer risk estimated for the occupational groups in the industrial area under the worst exposure scenarios, the non-cancer and cancer risk levels were generally acceptable; however, more comprehensive risk assessment considering other exposure pathways (e.g., inhalation and diet) is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGAS-EU), Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
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Anh HQ, Tue NM, Tuyen LH, Minh TB, Viet PH, Takahashi S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their methylated derivatives in settled dusts from end-of-life vehicle processing, urban, and rural areas, northern Vietnam: Occurrence, source apportionment, and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:468-478. [PMID: 30965261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and profiles of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 15 methylated derivatives (Me-PAHs) were examined in settled dust samples collected from workplaces and living areas of an informal end-of-life vehicle (ELV) processing village, and house dusts from urban and rural areas in northern Vietnam. Concentrations of total PAHs and Me-PAHs decreased in the order: ELV workplace (median 5700, range 900-18,000 ng g-1) > rural house (3700, 1800-6200 ng g-1) > urban house (1800, 620-3100 ng g-1) ≈ ELV living dusts (1000, 600-3900 ng g-1). PAHs with 4 rings or more dominated in almost all the samples, indicating the abundance of pyrogenic sources (e.g., vehicular emissions and domestic thermal processes). Levels of Me-PAHs were exceeded those of PAHs in several ELV samples, revealing specific petrogenic sources derived from vehicle processing activities. Results from source apportionment analysis have partially identified traffic emission, biomass and coal combustion, and mixed petrogenic-pyrogenic sources related to ELV waste as the major sources of PAHs and Me-PAHs in the urban, rural, and ELV areas, respectively. Daily intake doses and health risk related to PAHs and Me-PAHs in settled dusts were estimated for ELV workers and residents living in the study areas. The worst exposure scenario of dust-bound PAHs showed a potential cancer risk for the ELV workers, meanwhile, no significant non-cancer and cancer risk was expected for other exposed groups. A more comprehensive and accurate risk assessment of PAHs and related compounds should be conducted in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGAS-EU), Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
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López-Mahía P, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Moure MP, Piñeiro-Iglesias M, Prada-Rodríguez D. Determination of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate samples of A Coruña City (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2003; 10:98-102. [PMID: 12729041 DOI: 10.1065/espr2001.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hydrocarbon composition of atmospheric particulate matter from A Coruña city (Northwest Spain) has been studied. TSP (total suspended particulate) and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 microm) samples were taken over 7 and 4 months at two stations located in residential and industrial sectors of A Coruña city, respectively. The levels of hydrocarbons found in atmospheric particulate samples of A Coruña city are higher than the ones found in other cities over the world. Ratios between the analysed compounds and their sources were established. Both anthropogenic and biogenic origins were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación López-Mahía
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus A Zapateira s/n, E-15071 Spain.
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