Overactive bladder syndrome in nulliparous female university students: prevalence and risk factors including waterpipe smoking

Potential Bladder Irritants and Overactive Bladder Symptoms: A Systematic Review

IMPORTANCE

Initial management for overactive bladder includes behavioral modification with avoidance of bladder irritants. However, in 2017, the International Consultation on Incontinence concluded that more research is needed to determine the precise role of these irritants in the treatment of overactive bladder.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives were to identify, evaluate, and summarize peer-reviewed literature examining associations between 6 potential bladder irritants as proposed by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (alcohol; spicy foods; chocolate; artificial sweeteners; caffeinated, carbonated, and citrus beverages; and high-acid foods such as citrus and tomatoes) and OAB symptoms.

STUDY DESIGN

We performed a systematic literature search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. An adapted version of the patient-intervention-comparison-outcome framework was applied. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of Exposures assessment tool. The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023466251).

RESULTS

We reviewed 51 unique articles exploring the effect of alcohol (n = 34); spicy foods (n = 1); chocolate (n = 3); artificial sweeteners (n = 5); caffeinated, carbonated, and citrus beverages (n = 27); and high-acid foods (n = 2). The considered outcomes included overactive bladder (n = 16), urgency incontinence (n = 19), urinary urgency (n = 15), frequency (n = 17), and nocturia (n = 17). Overall, observed associations were mixed and inconsistent. The risk of bias was moderate in 23 publications and low for the remaining publications.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review failed to identify consistent evidence of an association between any of these 6 potential bladder irritants and overactive bladder symptoms.

The association between wet overactive bladder and consumption of tea, coffee, and caffeine: Results from 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND & AIMS

Previous studies have reported an inconsistent relationship between overactive bladder (OAB) and the consumption of tea, coffee, and caffeine. Our study aims to determine these associations in a large and nationally representative adult sample.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 15,379 participants from the 2005-2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The outcome was the risk of wet OAB that was diagnosed when the OAB symptom score was ≥3 with urgent urinary incontinence and excluded other diseases affecting diagnosis. The exposures were the consumption of tea, coffee, and caffeine. Weighted logistic regression models were established to explore these associations by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), as did restricted cubic splines (RCS) used to analyze the nonlinear associations.

RESULT

Of all the participants (n = 15,379), 2207 had wet OAB. Mean [SE] consumption of tea, total coffee, caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine was 233.6 [15.7] g/day, 364.3 [15.5] g/day, 301.6 [14.9] g/day, 62.7 [7.9] g/day, 175.5 [6.6] mg/day in participants with wet OAB, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, compared to those without tea consumption, the high consumption of tea (>481 g/day) was associated with an increased risk of wet OAB (OR: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.01-1.64). Low decaffeinated coffee (0.001-177.6 g/day) had a negative association with the risk (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.49-0.90). In the RCS analysis, tea consumption showed a positive linear association with the risk of wet OAB, and decaffeinated coffee showed a nonlinear relationship with the risk and had a turning point of 78 g/day in the U-shaped curve between 0 and 285 g/day. Besides, total coffee, caffeinated coffee, and caffeine consumption had no significant association with the risk. Interestingly, in the high tea consumption, participants with high total coffee consumption [>527.35 g/day, OR and 95%CI: 2.14(1.16-3.94)] and low caffeine consumption [0.1-74.0 mg/day, OR and 95%CI: 1.50(1.03-2.17)] were positively associated with the risk of wet OAB.

CONCLUSION

High tea consumption was associated with the increased risk of wet OAB, especially intake together with high total coffee and low caffeine consumption, but no significant association with the single consumption of total coffee and caffeine. Low decaffeinated coffee was associated with a decreased risk of wet OAB. It is necessary to control tea intake when managing the liquid intake of wet OAB patients.

Prevalence of energy drink consumption world-wide: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

The increasing market for energy drinks (EDs) in recent years, as well as the health risks caused by their consumption, prompt calls to estimate the prevalence of ED use among different countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the prevalence of ED use in different continents and age groups.

METHOD

We searched two databases (i.e. PubMed and PsycInfo) on 31 March 2023 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of ED use. A total of 192 studies (196 distinct samples; n = 1 120 613; 53.37% males) from the United States, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa were included in the analysis. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall pooled prevalence at several time-periods. Subgroup analyses were performed to provide prevalence based on continent and age group. The quality of articles was assessed using Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. Measurements included prevalence of ED use (i.e. life-time, past 12 months, past 30 days, past 7 days and daily use), continent and age group (i.e. children, adolescents, young adults and adults).

RESULTS

The life-time ED use world-wide-pooled prevalence was estimated to be 54.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 48.8-60.6; I2  = 99.80], 43.4% (95% CI = 36.1-50.6; I2  = 99.92) in the past 12 months, 32.3% (95% CI = 28.8-35.8; I2  = 99.82) in the past 30 days, 21.6% (95% CI = 18.7-24.5; I2  = 99.95) in the past 7 days and 8.82% (95% CI = 6.3-11.4; I2  = 99.95) daily ED use. Subgroups analyses showed significant differences in ED life-time use within age groups (P = 0.002) and continents (P = 0.035).

CONCLUSIONS

The world-wide prevalence of energy drink use appears to be high, particularly among adolescents and young adults.

Effects of Sports Drinks on Weight Loss Control and Lipid Metabolism in Overweight Students

In order to explore how sports drinks can achieve weight loss control and lipid metabolism in college students, the author proposes an experiment based on weight loss control and lipid metabolism in college students. This experiment recommends key technical problems and solutions based on information represented by college students’ weight loss control, a study exploring how sports drinks can achieve weight loss control in college students. Research has shown that Jupu sports drink is more suitable than 87% of sports drinks on the market for college students to lose weight. Sports drinks have a positive effect on maintaining a high blood sugar level during exercise and have a certain antifatigue effect in mass fitness. Jupu sports drink not only has the effect of other sports drinks but also has a certain effect on weight loss control.