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Borke JL, McAllister B, Harris T, Neiberg M, Guevarra-Toth C, Fulzele S, Stoianovici C, Guerra C. Correlation of changes in the mandible and retina/choroid vasculature of a rat model of BRONJ. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1144-50. [PMID: 26154398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) causes bones of the mandible and maxilla to become necrotic and protrude into the oral cavity. Compromised blood supply to bone is also a feature of BRONJ. The design of this study was first to use our established technique of molar extraction and IV bisphosphonate injection to produce features of BRONJ in rats that mimic the human disease; second to confirm vascular changes in the mandible and eye using micro-CT of vascular casts, and image analysis of retina/choroid images; and third to show parallel bisphosphonate-induced changes in the structure and markers of the vasculature of the bone and eye. The results of this study show structural changes in the eye and mandible as well as biochemical changes including the up-regulation of VEGF in response to the bisphosphonate-associated ischemia. These changes are not associated with angiogenesis in either the eye or mandible as determined by reduced vascular complexity. These results suggest that observations of direct changes to the vasculature in the retina/choroid structures of the eye in patients taking bisphosphonates could serve as a window to the progression of debilitating changes occurring as a result of bisphosphonate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Borke
- College of Dental Medicine (Dean: Steven Friedrichsen, DDS), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
| | - Bennett McAllister
- College of Optometry (Dean: Elizabeth Hoppe, OD, MPH, DrPH), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Tiffenie Harris
- College of Optometry (Dean: Elizabeth Hoppe, OD, MPH, DrPH), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Maryke Neiberg
- College of Optometry (Dean: Elizabeth Hoppe, OD, MPH, DrPH), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Chestine Guevarra-Toth
- US Army Advanced Education Program in Periodontics (Director: COL Frederick Bisch, DMD), Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery (Chair: Monte Hunter, MD), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Charles Stoianovici
- College of Dental Medicine (Dean: Steven Friedrichsen, DDS), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Carlos Guerra
- College of Dental Medicine (Dean: Steven Friedrichsen, DDS), Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Roche B, Vanden-Bossche A, Normand M, Malaval L, Vico L, Lafage-Proust MH. Validated Laser Doppler protocol for measurement of mouse bone blood perfusion - response to age or ovariectomy differs with genetic background. Bone 2013; 55:418-26. [PMID: 23571049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of bone vascularization in bone metabolism begins to be understood; however, its involvement in pathological situations remains poorly explored. Bone blood supply depends on both vascular density and blood flow. However, in mice, the specific evaluation of perfusion in bone suffers from a lack of easy-handling measurement tools. In the present study, we first developed a Laser Doppler Perfusion Measurement (LDPM) protocol in mouse tibia, which we validated with ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Then we carried out a study associating both structural (vascular quantitative histomorphometry) and functional (LDPM) approaches. We studied the effects of aging in 4, 7 and 17 month-old male mice and the early effects of ovariectomy in 4 month-old females. Both studies were carried out in inbred mice (C57BL/6) and in mice of mixed background (129sv/CD1). The significant differences we observed between strains in unchallenged 4 month-old animals concerned both perfusion and vascular density and depended on gender. Additionally, the age-related bone loss observed in male mice was not temporally associated with vascular changes in either strain. Between 7 and 17 months, we did not find any decrease in bone vascular density or perfusion. In contrast, ovariectomy triggered early vascular structural and functional adaptations which differed between genetic backgrounds. We observed that bone vessel density did not generally account for bone perfusion levels. In conclusion, we describe here a LDPM-based experimental protocol which provides a reproducible quantitative evaluation of bone perfusion in mouse tibia, hence allowing intergroup comparisons. This integrative structural and functional approach of bone vascularization showed that bone vascular adaptation occurs during aging or after ovariectomy and is affected by the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Roche
- INSERM U1059, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
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