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Ning B, Londono I, Laporte C, Villemure I. Zoledronate reduces loading-induced microdamage in cortical ulna of ovariectomized rats. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106350. [PMID: 38171139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
As a daily physiological mechanism in bone, microdamage accumulation dissipates energy and helps to prevent fractures. However, excessive damage accumulation might bring adverse effects to bone mechanical properties, which is especially problematic among the osteoporotic and osteopenic patients treated by bisphosphonates. Some pre-clinical studies in the literature applied forelimb loading models to produce well-controlled microdamage in cortical bone. Ovariectomized animals were also extensively studied to assimilate human conditions of estrogen-related bone loss. In the present study, we combined both experimental models to investigate microdamage accumulation in the context of osteopenia and zoledronate treatment. Three-month-old normal and ovariectomized rats treated by saline or zoledronate underwent controlled compressive loading on their right forelimb to create in vivo microdamage, which was then quantified by barium sulfate contrast-enhanced micro-CT imaging. Weekly in vivo micro-CT scans were taken to evaluate bone (re)modeling and to capture microstructural changes over time. After sacrifice, three-point-bending tests were performed to assess bone mechanical properties. Results show that the zoledronate treatment can reduce cortical microdamage accumulation in ovariectomized rats, which might be explained by the enhancement of several bone structural properties such as ultimate force, yield force, cortical bone area and volume. The rats showed increased bone formation volume and surface after the generation of microdamage, especially for the normal and the ovariectomized groups. Woven bone formation was also observed in loaded ulnae, which was most significant in ovariectomized rats. Although all the rats showed strong correlations between periosteal bone formation and microdamage accumulation, the correlation levels were lower for the zoledronate-treated groups, potentially because of their lower levels of microdamage. The present study provides insights to further investigations of pharmaceutical treatments for osteoporosis and osteopenia. The same experimental concept can be applied in future studies on microdamage and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Irène Londono
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Catherine Laporte
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame Street West, Montréal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Isabelle Villemure
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Lima-Verde MEQ, de Queiroz Rodrigues MI, Vieira BR, Lima-Verde Neto FTG, Agressott EVH, de Sousa FB, Paschoal AR, de Barros Silva PG, Sousa FB, Mota MRL, Alves APNN. Zoledronate treatment exerts sex-independent effects on bone and dental physicochemical properties in mice jaw necrosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:760-771. [PMID: 37673837 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphosphonate (BF) therapy is strongly related to the occurrence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). However, no previous study has evaluated if there are sex-related differences on the ONJ establishment together with bone biomechanical alterations, and if they could have a synergy with the ZA treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties of mineralized tissues in a zoledronate (ZA)-related osteonecrosis mouse model, by a 2 × 2-factorial design, considering sex (female/male) and treatment (ZA/Saline) factors (n = 8/group). After three ZA (1.0 mg/kg) or saline administrations (days 0, 7, 14), the lower left second molar was extracted (day 42). Further ZA administration (day 49) and euthanasia (day 70) were conducted. After confirmation of ZA-induced jaw necrosis (histologic and microtomographic analysis), spectroscopic and mechanical parameters were assessed. RESULTS ZA-treated groups presented lower bone density due to impaired healing of tooth extraction socket. Sex-related alterations were also observed, with lower bone density in females. Regarding biomechanical parameters, sex and treatment exerted independent influences. ZA, although decreasing flexural modulus and yield stress, increases stiffness mainly due to a higher bone volume. Females show less resistance to higher loads compared to males (considering dimension-independent parameters). Additionally, ZA increases crystallinity in bone and dental structure (p < 0.05). In summary, although strongly related to osteonecrosis occurrence, ZA modifies bone and dental mineral matrix, improving bone mechanical properties. CONCLUSION Despite sex-dependent differences in bone biomechanics and density, osteonecrosis was established with no sex influence. No synergistic association between sex and treatment factors was observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Quezado Lima-Verde
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Maria Imaculada de Queiroz Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Basílio Rodrigues Vieira
- Health Sciences Center, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Frederico Barbosa de Sousa
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Bitu Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mário Rogério Lima Mota
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Swallow EA, Metzger CE, Chen NX, Wallace JM, Tippen SP, Kohler R, Moe SM, Allen MR. Cortical porosity is elevated after a single dose of zoledronate in two rodent models of chronic kidney disease. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101174. [PMID: 35252482 PMCID: PMC8891946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high risk of fracture in part due to cortical bone deterioration. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of two different bisphosphonates and dosing regimens on cortical microstructure (porosity, thickness, area) and bone mechanical properties in animal models of CKD. Methods In experiment 1, Male Cy/+ (CKD) rats were treated with either a single dose or ten fractionated doses of zoledronate at 18 weeks of age. Fractionated animals received 1/10th of single dose given weekly for 10 weeks, with study endpoint at 28 weeks of age. In experiment 2, male C57Bl/6 J mice were given dietary adenine (0.2%) to induce CKD. Bisphosphonate treated groups were given either a single dose of zoledronate or weekly risedronate injections for 4 weeks. Cortical microstructure was assessed via μCT and mechanical parameters evaluated by monotonic bending tests. Results Exp 1: CKD rats had higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) compared to NL littermate controls. Single dose zoledronate had significantly higher cortical porosity in CKD S.Zol (2.29%) compared to NL control (0.04%) and untreated CKD (0.14%) (p = 0.004). Exp 2: All adenine groups had significantly higher BUN and PTH compared to control mice. Mice treated with single dose zoledronate (Ad + Zol) had the highest porosity (~6%), which was significantly higher compared to either Ad or Ad + Ris (~3%; p < 0.0001) and control mice had the lowest cortical porosity (0.35%). In both experiments, mechanics were minimally affected by any bisphosphonate dosing regimen. Conclusion A single dose of zoledronate leads to higher cortical porosity compared to more frequent dosing of bisphosphonates (fractionated zoledronate or risedronate). Bisphosphonate treatment demonstrated limited effectiveness in preventing cortical bone microstructure deterioration with mechanical parameters remaining compromised due to CKD and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism irrespective of bisphosphonate treatment. Single doses of zoledronate increased cortical porosity in two rodent models of CKD. Fractionated bisphosphonate dosing did not affect cortical porosity. Neither bisphosphonate regimen improved CKD-induced mechanical deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Swallow
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Corinne E. Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Neal X. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Samantha P. Tippen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rachel Kohler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon M. Moe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Corresponding author at: Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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Liang S, Hu S, Guo H, Dong L, Liu G, Liu Y. Ibandronate sodium and zoledronate sodium in the treatment of senile osteoporosis: efficacy, impact on quality of life and cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:1764-1771. [PMID: 33841700 PMCID: PMC8014411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of ibandronate sodium and zoledronate sodium in the treatment of senile osteoporosis and their impact on quality of life, and to analyze the cost-effectiveness. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 215 patients with senile osteoporosis, who were admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to June 2019. Among them, 115 cases treated with ibandronate sodium were set to group A and 100 cases treated with zoledronate sodium were set to group B. The clinical efficacy, bone mineral density (BMD) before and after treatment, bone metabolic markers (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood phosphorus (P), blood calcium ion (Ca2+)), quality of life, adverse reactions, cost-effectiveness indicators (length of hospitalization, cost) and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Total therapeutic response rate in group A was 96.52% (111/115), which was not statistically different from that of 93.00% (93/100) in group B (P=0.242). After treatment, the BMD, ALP, BGP and Ca2+ levels of the lumbar spine L1-L4, left femoral neck and right femoral neck, as well as quality of life scores in the two groups increased (P < 0.05), while serum ALP levels decreased (P < 0.05), however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in group A was 3.48% (4/115), which showed no statistical significance with that of 5.00% (5/100) in group B (P=0.830). The length of hospitalization, annual treatment expense, medical insurance expense and out-of-pocket payments in group A were all lower than those in group B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the treatment of senile osteoporosis, the efficacy and adverse reactions of ibandronate sodium and zoledronate sodium are similar, both of them can effectively improve the quality of life. However, the cost-effectiveness of ibandronate sodium is better than that of zoledronate sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shaozhen Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Leilei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Monzem S, Ballester RY, Javaheri B, Poulet B, Sônego DA, Pitsillides AA, Souza RL. Long-term bisphosphonate treatment coupled with ovariectomy in mice provokes deleterious effects on femoral neck fracture pattern and modifies tibial shape. Bone Jt Open 2020; 1:512-519. [PMID: 33215149 PMCID: PMC7659644 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.19.bjo-2020-0117.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The processes linking long-term bisphosphonate treatment to atypical fracture remain elusive. To establish a means of exploring this link, we have examined how long-term bisphosphonate treatment with prior ovariectomy modifies femur fracture behaviour and tibia mass and shape in murine bones. Methods Three groups (seven per group) of 12-week-old mice were: 1) ovariectomized and 20 weeks thereafter treated weekly for 24 weeks with 100 μm/kg subcutaneous ibandronate (OVX+IBN); 2) ovariectomized (OVX); or 3) sham-operated (SHAM). Quantitative fracture analysis generated biomechanical properties for the femoral neck. Tibiae were microCT scanned and trabecular (proximal metaphysis) and cortical parameters along almost its whole length measured. Results Fracture analyses revealed that OVX+IBN significantly reduced yield displacement (vs SHAM/OVX) and resilience, and increased stiffness (vs SHAM). OVX+IBN elevated tibial trabecular parameters and also increased cortical cross-sectional area and second moment of area around minor axis, and diminished ellipticity proximally. Conclusion These data indicate that combined ovariectomy and bisphosphonate generates cortical changes linked with greater bone brittleness and modified fracture characteristics, which may provide a basis in mice for interrogating the mechanisms and genetics of atypical fracture aetiology.Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:512-519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Monzem
- Veterinary College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil.,The Skeletal Biology Group - Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Rafael Y Ballester
- Biomaterials and Oral Biology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- The Skeletal Biology Group - Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Blandine Poulet
- Musculoskeletal Biology group, University of Liverpool Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dábila A Sônego
- Veterinary College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- The Skeletal Biology Group - Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Roberto L Souza
- Veterinary College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Powell KM, Skaggs C, Pulliam A, Berman A, Allen MR, Wallace JM. Zoledronate and Raloxifene combination therapy enhances material and mechanical properties of diseased mouse bone. Bone 2019; 127:199-206. [PMID: 31233931 PMCID: PMC7036744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Current interventions to reduce skeletal fragility are insufficient at enhancing both the quantity and quality of bone when attempting to improve overall mechanical integrity. Bisphosphonates, such as Zoledronate (ZOL), are used to treat a variety of bone disorders by increasing bone mass to decrease fracture risk, but long-term use has been shown in some settings to compromise bone quality. Alternatively, Raloxifene (RAL) has recently been demonstrated to improve tissue quality and overall mechanical properties in a cell-independent manner by binding to collagen and increasing tissue hydration. We hypothesized that a combination of RAL and ZOL would improve mechanical and material properties of bone more than either monotherapy alone by enhancing both quantity and quality. In this study, wildtype (WT) and heterozygous (OIM+/-) male mice from the Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) murine model were treated with either RAL, ZOL, or both from 8 weeks to 16 weeks of age. Using the OIM model allows for investigation of therapeutic effects on a quality-based bone disease. Combination treatment resulted in higher trabecular architecture, cortical mechanical properties, and cortical fracture toughness in diseased mouse bone. Two fracture toughness properties, which are direct measures of the tissue's ability to resist the initiation and propagation of a crack, were significantly improved with combination treatment in OIM+/- compared to control. There was no significant effect on fracture toughness with either monotherapy alone in either genotype. Following the mass-based effects of ZOL, trabecular bone volume fraction was significantly higher with combination treatment in both genotypes. Combination treatment resulted in higher ultimate stress in both genotypes. RAL and combination treatment in OIM+/- also increased resilience compared to the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the beneficial effects of using combination drug treatments to increase bone mass while simultaneously improving tissue quality, especially to enhance the mechanical integrity of diseased bone. Combination therapies could be a potential method to improve bone health and combat skeletal fragility on both the microscopic and macroscopic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cayla Skaggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexis Pulliam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alycia Berman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Bisphosphonates have well-established effects on suppressing bone resorption and slowing bone loss, yet the effects on bone mechanical properties are less clear. We review recent data from pre-clinical and clinical experiments that assessed mechanical properties of bisphosphonate-treated specimens. RECENT FINDINGS Pre-clinical work has utilized new techniques to show reduced fatigue life and transfer of stress from the mineral to collagen. Several notable studies have examined mechanical properties of tissue from patients treated with bisphosphonates with mixed results. Pre-clinical data suggest effects on mechanics may be independent of remodeling suppression. The direct effect of bisphosphonates on bone mechanics remains unclear but recent work has set a solid foundation for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Allen
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medicine-Nephrology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 5035, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Withers CN, Brown DM, Byiringiro I, Allen MR, Condon KW, Satin J, Andres DA. Rad GTPase is essential for the regulation of bone density and bone marrow adipose tissue in mice. Bone 2017; 103:270-280. [PMID: 28732776 PMCID: PMC6886723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The small GTP-binding protein Rad (RRAD, Ras associated with diabetes) is the founding member of the RGK (Rad, Rem, Rem2, and Gem/Kir) family that regulates cardiac voltage-gated Ca2+ channel function. However, its cellular and physiological functions outside of the heart remain to be elucidated. Here we report that Rad GTPase function is required for normal bone homeostasis in mice, as Rad deletion results in significantly lower bone mass and higher bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) levels. Dynamic histomorphometry in vivo and primary calvarial osteoblast assays in vitro demonstrate that bone formation and osteoblast mineralization rates are depressed, while in vitro osteoclast differentiation is increased, in the absence of Rad. Microarray analysis revealed that canonical osteogenic gene expression (Runx2, osterix, etc.) is not altered in Rad-/- calvarial osteoblasts; instead robust up-regulation of matrix Gla protein (MGP, +11-fold), an inhibitor of extracellular matrix mineralization and a protein secreted during adipocyte differentiation, was observed. Strikingly, Rad deficiency also resulted in significantly higher marrow adipose tissue levels in vivo and promoted spontaneous in vitro adipogenesis of primary calvarial osteoblasts. Adipogenic differentiation of wildtype calvarial osteoblasts resulted in the loss of endogenous Rad protein, further supporting a role for Rad in the control of BMAT levels. These findings reveal a novel in vivo function for Rad and establish a role for Rad signaling in the complex physiological control of skeletal homeostasis and bone marrow adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N Withers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, BBSRB, 741 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
| | - Drew M Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, USA.
| | - Innocent Byiringiro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, USA.
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, USA.
| | - Keith W Condon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, USA.
| | - Jonathan Satin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
| | - Douglas A Andres
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, BBSRB, 741 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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Allen MR. Preclinical Models for Skeletal Research: How Commonly Used Species Mimic (or Don’t) Aspects of Human Bone. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:851-854. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623317733925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies play an indispensable role in exploring the biological regulation of the musculoskeletal system. They are required in all drug development pipelines where both small and large animal models are needed to understand efficacy and side effects. This brief review highlights 4 aspects of human bone, longitudinal bone growth, intracortical remodeling, collagen/mineral interface, and age-related changes, and discusses how various animal models recapitulate (or don’t) these aspects of human skeletal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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10
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Meixner CN, Aref MW, Gupta A, McNerny EMB, Brown D, Wallace JM, Allen MR. Raloxifene Improves Bone Mechanical Properties in Mice Previously Treated with Zoledronate. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:75-81. [PMID: 28246928 PMCID: PMC5459622 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates represent the gold-standard pharmaceutical agent for reducing fracture risk. Long-term treatment with bisphosphonates can result in tissue brittleness which in rare clinical cases manifests as atypical femoral fracture. Although this has led to an increasing call for bisphosphonate cessation, few studies have investigated therapeutic options for follow-up treatment. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that treatment with raloxifene, a drug that has cell-independent effects on bone mechanical material properties, could reverse the compromised mechanical properties that occur following zoledronate treatment. Skeletally mature male C57Bl/6J mice were treated with vehicle (VEH), zoledronate (ZOL), or ZOL followed by raloxifene (RAL; 2 different doses). At the conclusion of 8 weeks of treatment, femora were collected and assessed with microCT and mechanical testing. Trabecular BV/TV was significantly higher in all treated animals compared to VEH with both RAL groups having significantly higher BV/TV compared to ZOL (+21%). All three drug-treated groups had significantly more cortical bone area, higher cortical thickness, and greater moment of inertia at the femoral mid-diaphysis compared to VEH with no difference among the three treated groups. All three drug-treated groups had significantly higher ultimate load compared to VEH-treated animals (+14 to 18%). Both doses of RAL resulted in significantly higher displacement values compared to ZOL-treated animals (+25 to +50%). In conclusion, the current work shows beneficial effects of raloxifene in animals previously treated with zoledronate. The higher mechanical properties of raloxifene-treated animals, combined with similar cortical bone geometry compared to animals treated with zoledronate, suggest that the raloxifene treatment is enhancing mechanical material properties of the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory N Meixner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 5035, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mohammad W Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 5035, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Aryaman Gupta
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 5035, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Erin M B McNerny
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 5035, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Drew Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 5035, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 5035, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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