1
|
Taroncher M, Zingales V, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ. Identification of Biotransformation Products of T-2 Toxin in HepG2 Cells Using LC-Q-TOF MS. Foods 2024; 13:1501. [PMID: 38790801 PMCID: PMC11120489 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The T-2 toxin (T-2) is a type A trichothecene found in cereals. The formation of metabolites is a frequent cause of mycotoxin-induced toxicity. In this work, the conversion of T-2 during biotransformation reactions in HepG2 cells was evaluated. For this, HepG2 cells were exposed to 30 (IC50/2) and 60 (IC50) nM of T-2 for 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 24 h, and the concentrations of T-2 and its metabolites HT-2, T2-triol, T2-tetraol and neosolaniol were determined in both the cell fraction and culture medium through liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry-time of flight (LC-Q-TOF MS). Results showed a fast metabolization of T-2 (>90%) during the first 2 h, with HT-2 as its main (>95%) biotransformation product. The cell fraction showed higher levels (p < 0.05) of HT-2 (39.9 ± 2.1 nM) compared to the culture medium (12.53 ± 2.4 nM). This trend was also observed for the identified metabolites. T2-triol reached its maximum concentration (1.7 ± 0.4 nM) at 2 h, and at later times a time-dependent increase in the T2-tetraol and neosolaniol concentrations was observed. The identification of T-2 metabolites shows the need to continue combined toxicity studies of mycotoxins for a correct risk characterization of these natural contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Taroncher
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.T.); (V.Z.); (M.J.R.)
- Research Group Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox; GIUV2021-513), University of Valencia, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Veronica Zingales
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.T.); (V.Z.); (M.J.R.)
- Research Group Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox; GIUV2021-513), University of Valencia, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.T.); (V.Z.); (M.J.R.)
- Research Group Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox; GIUV2021-513), University of Valencia, 46100 València, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.T.); (V.Z.); (M.J.R.)
- Research Group Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox; GIUV2021-513), University of Valencia, 46100 València, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiu Y, Yan J, Yue A, Lu Z, Tan J, Guo H, Ding Y, Lyu F, Fu Y. A comprehensive review of biodetoxification of trichothecenes: Mechanisms, limitations and novel strategies. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114275. [PMID: 38609252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are Fusarium mycotoxins with sesquiterpenoid structure, which are widely occurred in grains. Due to high efficiency and environmental friendliness, biological detoxification methods have been of great interest to treat this global food and feed safety concern. This review summarized the biological detoxification methods of trichothecenes from three aspects, biosorption, biotransformation and biotherapy. The detoxification efficiency, characteristics, mechanisms and limitations of different strategies were discussed in detail. Computer-aided design will bring a new research paradigm for more efficient discovery of biodetoxifier. Integrating different detoxification approaches assisted with computational tools will become a promising research direction in the future, which will help to maximize the detoxification effect, or provide precise detoxification programs for the coexistence of various toxins at different levels in actual production. In addition, technical and regulatory issues in practical application were also discussed. These findings contribute to the exploration of efficient, applicable and sustainable methods for trichothecenes detoxification, ensuring the safety of food and feed to reduce the deleterious effects of trichothecenes on humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Jiaping Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Aodong Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhongchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianzhuang Tan
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Hong Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fei Lyu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yan Fu
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hou B, Wang D, Yan F, Cheng X, Xu Y, Xi X, Ge W, Sun S, Su P, Zhao L, Lyu Z, Hao Y, Wang H, Kong L. Fhb7-GST catalyzed glutathionylation effectively detoxifies the trichothecene family. Food Chem 2024; 439:138057. [PMID: 38100874 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichothecene (TCN) contamination in food and feed is a serious challenge due to the negative health and economic impacts. Here, we confirmed that the glutathione S-transferase (GST) Fhb7-GST could broadly catalyze type A, type B and type D TCNs into glutathione epoxide adducts (TCN-13-GSHs). To evaluate the toxicity of TCN-13-GSH adducts, we performed cell proliferation assays in vitro, which demonstrated decreased cytotoxicity of the adducts. Moreover, in vivo assays (repeated-dose treatment in mice) confirmed that TCN-13-GSH adducts were dramatically less toxic than the corresponding TCNs. To establish whether TCN-13-GSH was metabolized back to free toxin during digestion, single-dose metabolic tests were performed in rats; DON-13-GSH was not hydrolyzed in vivo, but rather was quickly metabolized to another low-toxicity compound, DON-13-N-acetylcysteine. These results demonstrate the promise of Fhb7-GST as a candidate of detoxification enzyme potentially applied in TCN-contaminated agricultural samples, minimizing the detrimental effects of the mycotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Yongchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Xuepeng Xi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Wenyang Ge
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Silong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Peisen Su
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, PR China
| | - Lanfei Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Zhongfan Lyu
- Shool of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Yongchao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo H, Wan H, Lou W, Khan RU, You J, Huang B, Hao S, Li G, Dai S. Deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin cause liver damage and egg quality degradation through endoplasmic reticulum stress in summer laying hens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02674-w. [PMID: 38607562 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to find whether low doses of mixed mycotoxins would affect egg quality in laying hens, and to explore the oxidative stress induced liver damage through endoplasmic reticulum during summer stress. A total of 96 Jinghong laying hens, 36 wks of age, were divided into four treatments, with eight repetitions per treatment and three hens per repetition. All the hens were raised in summer (average temperature: 31.3 ± 0.5℃; average humidity: 85.5 ± 0.2%) for 28d. One treatment was fed a basal diet as control (CON), and the other three treatments were fed the same diets containing 3.0 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON), 0.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin (T-2), and 1.5 mg/kg DON + 0.25 mg/kg T-2 toxin (Mix). Albumen height and Haugh unit were decreased (P < 0.05) in the Mix group on day 14 and 28. The activity of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were decreased (P < 0.05) in the DON, T-2, and Mix groups. The alkaline phosphatase level in DON, T-2, and Mix groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The level of interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the Mix group were higher (P < 0.05) than CON, DON, and T-2 groups. Mix group upregulated the mRNA expressions of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor4, IL-1β, nuclear factor-κ-gene binding, and nuclear respiratory factor 2 in the liver (P < 0.05). The results showed that low doses of DON and T-2 toxin could cause oxidative stress in the liver, but DON and T-2 toxin have a cumulative effect on virulence, which can reduce egg quality and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoneng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Nutritional Feed Development, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Nutritional Feed Development, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Jinming You
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Nutritional Feed Development, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, People's Republic of China
- Jiujiang Bozheng Institute of Biotechnology Industry, Jiujiang, 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, People's Republic of China
- Jiujiang Bozheng Institute of Biotechnology Industry, Jiujiang, 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Nutritional Feed Development, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifa Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, People's Republic of China.
- Jiujiang Bozheng Institute of Biotechnology Industry, Jiujiang, 332005, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kulcsár S, Turbók J, Kövér G, Balogh K, Zándoki E, Gömbös P, Ali O, Szabó A, Mézes M. The Effect of Combined Exposure of Fusarium Mycotoxins on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Defense, Fatty Acid Profile, and Histopathology in Laying Hens' Liver. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:179. [PMID: 38668604 PMCID: PMC11053819 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Fumonisin B1, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol are frequently detected in feed materials. The mycotoxins induce free radical formation and, thereby, lipid peroxidation. The effects of mycotoxin exposure at the EU recommended limit (T-2/HT-2 toxin: 0.25 mg/kg; DON = 3AcDON/15-AScDON: 5 mg/kg; fumonisin B1: 20 mg/kg) and double dose (T-2/HT-2 toxin: 0.5 mg/kg, DON/3-AcDON/15-AcDON: 10 mg, and FB1: 40 mg/kg feed) were investigated during short-term (3 days) per os exposure in the liver of laying hens. On day 1 higher while on day 3 lower MDA concentrations were found in the low-dose group compared to the control. Fatty acid composition also changed: the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids increased (p < 0.05) and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased by day 3. These alterations resulted in a decrease in the index of unsaturation and average fatty acid chain length. Histopathological alterations suggested that the incidence and severity of liver lesions were higher in the mycotoxin-treated laying hens, and the symptoms correlated with the fatty acid profile of total phospholipids. Overall, the findings revealed that mycotoxin exposure, even at the EU-recommended limits, induced lipid peroxidation in the liver, which led to changes in fatty acid composition, matched with tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szabina Kulcsár
- Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (E.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Janka Turbók
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (J.T.); (P.G.); (O.A.)
| | - György Kövér
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Breeding Sciences, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - Krisztián Balogh
- Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (E.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Erika Zándoki
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (E.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Patrik Gömbös
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (J.T.); (P.G.); (O.A.)
| | - Omeralfaroug Ali
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (J.T.); (P.G.); (O.A.)
| | - András Szabó
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (E.Z.); (A.S.)
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (J.T.); (P.G.); (O.A.)
| | - Miklós Mézes
- Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (E.Z.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ning C, Xiao W, Liang Z, Wu Y, Fan H, Wang S, Kong X, Wang Y, Wu A, Li Y, Yuan Z, Wu J, Yang C. Melatonin alleviates T-2 toxin-induced oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in piglet spleen and thymus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111653. [PMID: 38354511 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin, an unavoidable contaminant in animal feeds, can induce oxidative stress and damage immune organs. Melatonin (MT), a natural and potent antioxidant, has shown promise as a detoxifier for various mycotoxins. However, the detoxifying effect of MT on T-2 toxin has not been previously reported. In order to investigate the protective effect of MT added to diets on the immune system of T-2 toxin-exposed piglets, twenty piglets weaned at 28d of age were randomly divided into control, T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg), MT (5 mg/kg), and T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg) + MT (5 mg/kg) groups(n = 5 per group). Our results demonstrated that MT mitigated T-2 toxin-induced histoarchitectural alterations in the spleen and thymus, such as hemorrhage, decreased white pulp size in the spleen, and medullary cell sparing in the thymus. Further research revealed that MT promoted the expression of Nrf2 and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD, while reducing the production of the lipid peroxidation product MDA. Moreover, MT inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, regulated the expression of downstream cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1. MT also suppressed the activation of caspase-3 while down-regulating the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 to reduce apoptosis. Additionally, MT ameliorated the T-2 toxin-induced disorders of immune cells and immune molecules in the blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MT may effectively protect the immune system of piglets against T-2 toxin-induced damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in the spleen and thymus. Therefore, MT holds the potential as an antidote for T-2 toxin poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Ning
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenguang Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zengenni Liang
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - You Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Aoao Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vörösházi J, Neogrády Z, Mátis G, Mackei M. Pathological consequences, metabolism and toxic effects of trichothecene T-2 toxin in poultry. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103471. [PMID: 38295499 PMCID: PMC10846437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Contamination of feed with mycotoxins has become a severe issue worldwide. Among the most prevalent trichothecene mycotoxins, T-2 toxin is of particular importance for livestock production, including poultry posing a significant threat to animal health and productivity. This review article aims to comprehensively analyze the pathological consequences, metabolism, and toxic effects of T-2 toxin in poultry. Trichothecene mycotoxins, primarily produced by Fusarium species, are notorious for their potent toxicity. T-2 toxin exhibits a broad spectrum of negative effects on poultry species, leading to substantial economic losses as well as concerns about animal welfare and food safety in modern agriculture. T-2 toxin exposure easily results in negative pathological consequences in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as in parenchymal tissues like the liver (as the key organ for its metabolism), kidneys, or reproductive organs. In addition, it also intensely damages immune system-related tissues such as the spleen, the bursa of Fabricius, or the thymus causing immunosuppression and increasing the susceptibility of the animals to infectious diseases, as well as making immunization programs less effective. The toxin also damages cellular processes on the transcriptional and translational levels and induces apoptosis through the activation of numerous cellular signaling cascades. Furthermore, according to recent studies, besides the direct effects on the abovementioned processes, T-2 toxin induces the production of reactive molecules and free radicals resulting in oxidative distress and concomitantly occurring cellular damage. In conclusion, this review article provides a complex and detailed overview of the metabolism, pathological consequences, mechanism of action as well as the immunomodulatory and oxidative stress-related effects of T-2 toxin. Understanding these effects in poultry is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the impact of the T-2 toxin on avian health and food safety in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Vörösházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary
| | - Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Song W, Hua Z, Du J, Lucena RB, Wang X, Zhang C, Yang X. Overview of T-2 Toxin Enterotoxicity: From Toxic Mechanisms and Detoxification to Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3314-3324. [PMID: 38331717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium species produce a secondary metabolite known as T-2 toxin, which is the primary and most harmful toxin found in type A trichothecenes. T-2 toxin is widely found in food and grain-based animal feed and endangers the health of both humans and animals. T-2 toxin exposure in humans and animals occurs primarily through food administration; therefore, the first organ that T-2 toxin targets is the gut. In this overview, the research progress, toxicity mechanism, and detoxification of the toxin T-2 were reviewed, and future research directions were proposed. T-2 toxin damages the intestinal mucosa and destroys intestinal structure and intestinal barrier function; furthermore, T-2 toxin disrupts the intestinal microbiota, causes intestinal flora disorders, affects normal intestinal metabolic function, and kills intestinal epidermal cells by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. The primary harmful mechanism of T-2 toxin in the intestine is oxidative stress. Currently, selenium and plant extracts are mainly used to exert antioxidant effects to alleviate the enterotoxicity of T-2 toxin. In future studies, the use of genomic techniques to find upstream signaling molecules associated with T-2 enterotoxin toxicity will provide new ideas for the prevention of this toxicity. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of research on the intestinal toxicity of T-2 toxin and propose new research directions for the prevention and treatment of T-2 toxin toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Wenxi Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zeao Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lucena
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, Paraiba Brazil
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University No.15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Wang B, Wang P, Hua Z, Zhang S, Wang X, Yang X, Zhang C. Review of neurotoxicity of T-2 toxin. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:85-95. [PMID: 38217761 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a representative trichothecene that is widely detected in corn, wheat and other grain feeds. T-2 toxin has stable physical and chemical properties, making it difficult to remove from food and feed. Hence, T-2 toxin has become an unavoidable pollutant in food for humans and animals. T-2 toxin can enter brain tissue by crossing the blood-brain barrier and leads to congestion, swelling and even apoptosis of neurons. T-2 toxin poisoning can directly lead to clinical symptoms (anti-feeding reaction and decline of learning and memory function in humans and animals). Maternal T-2 toxin exposure also exerted toxic effects on the central nervous system of offspring. Oxidative stress is the core neurotoxicity mechanism underlying T-2 toxin poison. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative damage and inflammation are all involved in the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Thus, alleviating oxidative stress has become a potential target for relieving the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Future efforts should be devoted to revealing the neurotoxic molecular mechanism of T-2 toxin and exploring effective therapeutic drugs to alleviate T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zeao Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kövesi B, Kulcsár S, Ancsin Z, Erdélyi M, Zándoki E, Gömbös P, Balogh K, Mézes M. Multi-Fusarium mycotoxin exposure activates Nrf2 and Ahr pathway in the liver of laying hens. Toxicol Lett 2024; 391:55-61. [PMID: 38092155 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates gene expression changes in laying hens exposed to trichothecene mycotoxins, known to induce oxidative stress and affect xenobiotic transformation and antioxidants. A 3-day feeding trial tested low and high doses of T-2/HT-2 toxin, DON/3-AcDON/15-AcDON, and FB1 in hen feed. Results showed increased expression of AHR, AHRR, HSP90, and CYP1A2 genes on days 2 and 3, suggesting a response to mycotoxin exposure. High doses down-regulated CYP1A2, AHR, and AHRR on day 1. KEAP1 expression decreased on day 1 but increased dose-dependently on days 2 and 3. NRF2 was up-regulated by low and down-regulated by high doses on day 1, then increased on days 2 and 3. Antioxidant-related genes (GPX3, GPX4, GSS, GSR) showed dose-dependent responses. Low doses up-regulated GPX3 and GPX4 throughout, while high doses up-regulated GPX3 on days 2 and 3 and GPX4 on day 3. GSS was up-regulated on day 3. Results indicate that toxic metabolites formed by phase I biotransformation rapidly induce ROS formation at low doses through the AHR/Hsp90/CYP1A2 pathway at the gene expression level, but at high levels, ROS-induced oxidative stress manifests later. Study showed simultaneous activation of redox-sensitive pathways: aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) by multi-mycotoxin exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kövesi
- Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent István Campus, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Szabina Kulcsár
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Ancsin
- Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent István Campus, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Márta Erdélyi
- Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent István Campus, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Erika Zándoki
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Patrik Gömbös
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agri-culture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Krisztián Balogh
- Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent István Campus, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Mézes
- Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent István Campus, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Galvez-Llompart M, Zanni R, Manyes L, Meca G. Elucidating the mechanism of action of mycotoxins through machine learning-driven QSAR models: Focus on lipid peroxidation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114120. [PMID: 37944785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of mycotoxin toxicity is crucial for establishing effective guidelines and preventive strategies. In this study, machine learning models based on quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) were employed to predict the lipid peroxidation activity of mycotoxins. Two different algorithms using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been trained using a dataset of 70 mycotoxins. The LDA model had an average correct classification rate of 91%, while the ANN model achieved a perfect 100% classification rate. Following an internal validation process, the models were utilized to predict mycotoxins with known lipid peroxidation activity. The machine learning models achieved an 88% correct classification rate for these mycotoxins. Finally, by utilizing classified algorithms, the study aimed to infer the mechanism of action related to lipid peroxidation for 91 unstudied mycotoxins. These models provide a fast, accurate, and cost-effective means to assess the potential toxicity and mechanism of action of mycotoxins. The findings of this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of mycotoxin toxicology and assist researchers and toxicologists in evaluating health risks associated with mycotoxin exposure and developing appropriate preventive strategies and potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate the effects of mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Galvez-Llompart
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Riccardo Zanni
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lara Manyes
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Meca
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ruan ML, Wang J, Xia ZY, Li XW, Zhang B, Wang GL, Wu YY, Han Y, Deng J, Sun LH. An integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent can effectively mitigate the combined toxicity of AFB 1, DON and OTA on the production performance, liver and oviduct health in broiler breeder hens. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114159. [PMID: 37913901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the efficacy of an integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent in reducing the adverse effects of co-occurring dietary aflatoxin B1 deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A on broiler breeder hens. 360 30-week-old Hubbard Efficiency Plus broiler breeder hens were allocated into four groups and received a basal diet (BD; Control), BD added 0.15 mg/kg aflatoxin B1+1.5 mg/kg deoxynivalenol+0.12 mg/kg ochratoxin A (Toxins), BD plus Toxins with 0.1% TOXO-XL (Toxins + XL1), and BD plus Toxins with 0.2% TOXO-XL (Toxins + XL2), respectively, for 8 weeks, and then received the same BD for another 4 weeks. Compared with control, mycotoxins decreased total egg weigh, egg laying rate, settable eggs rate, hatch of total eggs rate, egg quality, but increased feed/egg ratio and mortality rate, and impaired the liver and oviduct health during weeks 1-8 and(or) 9-12. It also increased PC and MDA concentrations, TUNEL-positive cells and IL-1β and IL-6 expression, and decreased T-AOC, GPX and CAT activities in liver and/or oviduct. Notably, most of these negative changes were mitigated by both dosages of TOXO-XL. Generally, 0.2% TOXO-XL displayed better mitigation effects than 0.1% TOXO-XL. Conclusively, these findings revealed that TOXO-XL could mitigate the combined mycotoxins-induced toxicity on the performance, liver and oviduct health, through the regulation of redox, immunity, and apoptosis in broiler breeder hens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xue-Wu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Newhope Liuhe Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Guan-Lin Wang
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yanming Han
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Jiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Lv-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liao Y, Peng Z, Xu S, Meng Z, Li D, Zhou X, Zhang R, Shi S, Hao L, Liu L, Yang W. Deoxynivalenol Exposure Induced Colon Damage in Mice Independent of the Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300317. [PMID: 37712110 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To investigate whether deoxynivalenol (DON) can induce intestinal damage through gut microbiota in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are orally administered DON (1 mg kg-1 bw day-1 ) for 4 weeks, and then recipient mice receive fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from DON-exposed mice after antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, the mice are orally treated with DON (1 mg kg-1 bw day-1 ) for 4 weeks after antibiotic treatment. Histological damage, disruption of tight junction protein expression, and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the colon as well as higher serum lipopolysaccharides are observed after DON exposure. Moreover, DON exposure changes the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota as well as the contents of fecal metabolites (mainly bile acids). Differential metabolic pathways may be related to mitochondrial metabolism, apoptosis, and inflammation following DON exposure. However, only a decrease in mRNA levels of occludin and claudin-3 is observed in the colon of recipient mice after FMT. After depleting the gut microbiota in mice, DON exposure can also cause histological damage, disorders of tight junction protein expression, and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the colon. CONCLUSIONS DON exposure can induce colon damage in mice independent of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Shiyin Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China
- Union Jiangnan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Y, Xu L, Shi Z, Wang R, Liu Y, Gong Y, Tian Y, Kang X, Sun X, Wang Y. Identification of an Acinetobacter pittii acyltransferase involved in transformation of deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol by transcriptomic analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115395. [PMID: 37611475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), is widely present in food and feed, posing great hazards to human and livestock health. In this study, a strain of Acinetobacter pittii (A. pittii) S12 capable of degrading DON was isolated from soil samples and identified through morphological characterization, biochemistry analysis, and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of HPLC-MS indicated that the degradation products underwent a conversion from [M-H]- to [M+CH3CO], with concomitant transformation of the hydroxyl group into an acetyl moiety. Based on transcriptome sequencing analysis, the acyltransferase encoded by DLK06_RS13370 was predicted to be the pivotal gene responsible for DON biotransformation. The result of molecular docking analysis suggest a high affinity between the enzyme and DON. The recombinant protein encoded by DLK06_RS13370 was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and demonstrated the capacity to catalyze the conversion of DON into 3-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), as confirmed by HPLC analysis. In conclusion, our findings confirm that the acyltransferase encoded by DLK06-RS13370 is responsible for the acetylation of DON. This sheds light on the co-occurrence of DON and its acetyl-derivatives in wheat-based products. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Laipeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Han H, Yang C, Dong X. Superoxide dismutase ameliorates oxidative stress and regulates liver transcriptomics to provide therapeutic benefits in hepatic inflammation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15829. [PMID: 37583908 PMCID: PMC10424669 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in organisms and often induces hepatic inflammation. Supplementing exogenous superoxide dismutase is an effective way to alleviate oxidative stress; however, the effects and mechanisms by which superoxide dismutase alleviates hepatic inflammation remain unclear. Methods This study established a Kunming mouse model to verify and investigate the oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation-alleviating effects of the superoxide dismutase oral supplement that was prepared by our research group in a previous study. Results The superoxide dismutase product significantly restored the body weight and liver alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase levels of oxidative stress induced mice. Moreover, exogenous superoxide dismutase significantly inhibited interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 mRNA expression in the livers of mice with hepatic inflammation. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that superoxide dismutase had a significant inhibitory effect on Endog expression, alleviating oxidative stress damage, and mediating liver cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of Rab5if, Hnrnpab, and Ifit1. Conclusion Our research verified the oxidative stress remediation effects of superoxide dismutase and its therapeutic role against hepatic inflammation. This study can lay a foundation for investigating the mechanism by which superoxide dismutase alleviates hepatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Chen
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- QiLu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | | | | | - Wei Wang
- QiLu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- QiLu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueqian Dong
- QiLu University of Technology, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng Y, You L, Wang X, Wu W, Kuca K, Wu Q, Wei W. Deoxynivalenol: Emerging Toxic Mechanisms and Control Strategies, Current and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37437258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most frequently present mycotoxin contaminant in food and feed, causing a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. Currently, a series of mechanisms involved in DON toxicity have been identified. In addition to the activation of oxidative stress and the MAPK signaling pathway, DON can activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which further regulates reactive oxygen species production and cancer cell apoptosis. Noncoding RNA and signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, FOXO, and TLR4/NF-κB also participate in DON toxicity. The intestinal microbiota and the brain-gut axis play a crucial role in DON-induced growth inhibition. In view of the synergistic toxic effect of DON and other mycotoxins, strategies to detect DON and control it biologically and the development of enzymes for the biodegradation of various mycotoxins and their introduction in the market are the current and future research hotspots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meyer M, Slot J. The evolution and ecology of psilocybin in nature. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 167:103812. [PMID: 37210028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi produce diverse metabolites that can have antimicrobial, antifungal, antifeedant, or psychoactive properties. Among these metabolites are the tryptamine-derived compounds psilocybin, its precursors, and natural derivatives (collectively referred to as psiloids), which have played significant roles in human society and culture. The high allocation of nitrogen to psiloids in mushrooms, along with evidence of convergent evolution and horizontal transfer of psilocybin genes, suggest they provide a selective benefit to some fungi. However, no precise ecological roles of psilocybin have been experimentally determined. The structural and functional similarities of psiloids to serotonin, an essential neurotransmitter in animals, suggest that they may enhance the fitness of fungi through interference with serotonergic processes. However, other ecological mechanisms of psiloids have been proposed. Here, we review the literature pertinent to psilocybin ecology and propose potential adaptive advantages psiloids may confer to fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Meyer
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Psychedelic Drug Research and Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jason Slot
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Psychedelic Drug Research and Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zha A, Liao S, Tan B, Liao P. Integrated lncRNA transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to identify early cellular response variation in deoxynivalenol-treated IPEC-J2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113863. [PMID: 37257635 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON), are common contaminants of food and feed, which also has serious threaten to human health and livestock production. Moreover, DON severely impair intestinal epithelial barrier function. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of intestinal epithelial cell injury induced by DON. Here, intestinal porcine enterocyte cell (IPEC-J2) was incubated with 200 ng/ml or 2000ng/ml DON for 6 h, then lncRNA sequencing, metabolomics and proteomics were applied. Combined with long coding transcriptomics, and proteomics, 200 ng/ml DON treatment (LDON group) significantly upregulated ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, spliceosome, and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, RNA transport, and downregulated metabolic pathways in IPEC-J2, 2000 ng/ml of DON treatment (HDON group) significantly upregulated ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, and spliceosome, and downregulated base excision repair, cell cycle, DNA replication, homologous recombination, and mismatch repair in IPEC-J2. Combined with long coding transcriptomics, and proteomics, as compared with LDON group, HDON group significantly upregulated adherens junction, hippo signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer, and downregulated DNA replication pathways in IPEC-J2. In metabolomics, LDON group and HDON group was mainly downregulated biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and fatty acid metabolism. These results provide a new insight to prevent and treat DON induced intestinal epithelial cell injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andong Zha
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Simeng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Q, He Q, Zhu W. Deoxynivalenol Mycotoxin Inhibits Rabies Virus Replication In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097793. [PMID: 37175500 PMCID: PMC10178062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a highly fatal disease, and it is vital to find effective ways to manage and control infection. There is a need for new effective antiviral drugs that are particularly effective treatments for rabies. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is known mainly for its toxicity, but at the molecular level, it can inhibit RNA and DNA replication, and there is increasing evidence that different doses of DON have a positive effect on inhibiting virus replication. Based on this, we evaluated the effect of DON on inhibiting the rabies virus in vitro. The inhibitory effect of DON on rabies virus activity was dose- and time-dependent, and 0.25 μg/mL of DON could inhibit 99% of rabies virus activity within 24 h. Furthermore, DON could inhibit the adsorption, entry, replication, and release of rabies virus but could not inactivate the virus. The inhibitory effect of DON on rabies virus may be achieved by promoting apoptosis. Our study provides a new perspective for the study of anti-rabies virus and expands the direction of action of mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qing He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wuyang Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vašková J, Stupák M, Vidová Ugurbaş M, Žatko D, Vaško L. Therapeutic Efficiency of Humic Acids in Intoxications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040971. [PMID: 37109500 PMCID: PMC10143271 DOI: 10.3390/life13040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Humins, humic and fulvic acids represent molecules with complex structures. These compounds comprising humic substances (HS) exist naturally in soil, brown coal, peat, and water. They are formed during the decomposition and transformation of organic matter (animal and plant remains) and their formation explains several theories. Within their chemical structures, there are numerous phenolic and carboxyl groups and their derivatives that affect their different properties, such as their solubility in water or their absorption of cations or mycotoxins. The manifold chemical structure of HS alters their polyelectrolyte character and thus their chelating efficiency. For many years, HS have been studied due to their detoxification, anti-, and pro-inflammatory or anticancer and antiviral ability. This article summarizes the antioxidant and adsorption properties of humic acids, highlighting their usefulness in intoxications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Stupák
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Vidová Ugurbaş
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Imuna Pharm, a.s., Šarišské Michaľany, 082 22 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu J, Li G, Huang Q, Wen J, Deng Y, Jiang J. TET3-mediated DNA demethylation and chromatin remodeling regulate T-2 toxin-induced human CYP1A1 expression and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115506. [PMID: 36948362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a hazardous environmental pollutant that poses a risk to both farm animals and humans. Our previous research has reported that T-2 toxin highly induced the expression of human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), which may be a representative inducible marker of T-2 toxin and mediate the toxicity of T-2 toxin. In this study, we found that T-2 toxin decreased the DNA methylation levels of the CpG islands on the CYP1A1 promoter by inducing the expression of eleven translocation family protein 3 (TET3) and facilitating its binding to the promoter. These DNA methylation changes then generated an activated chromatin structure on the CYP1A1 promoter by releasing the repressor complex methyl-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), increasing the active histone modification markers, including H3K4ac, H3K9ac and H3K14ac, and facilitating RNA pol II and NRF1/Sp1 recruitment, which ultimately led to the transcriptional activation of CYP1A1. Interestingly, TET3-mediated CYP1A1 induction enhanced the cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin through inhibiting cell proliferation. Our results demonstrate that T-2 toxin-induced CYP1A1 expression is detrimental to cells and clearly show how T-2 toxin inhibits cell proliferation through regulating CYP1A1 expression from an epigenetic perspective. The findings broaden our current knowledge of the epigenetic mechanisms regulating environmental factors-induced CYP1A1 expression and cytotoxicity. TET3 may serve as a potential new target for toxicogenic detoxification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guihong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
AgPdNFs and AuNOs@GO nanocomposites for T-2 toxin detection by catalytic hairpin assembly. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:120. [PMID: 36884101 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is the most potent and toxic mycotoxin, produced by various Fusarium species that can potentially affect human health, and widely exists in field crops and stored grain. In this work, an electrochemical aptasensor with nonenzymatic signal amplification strategy for the detection of T-2 toxin is presented, using noble metal nanocomposites and catalytic hairpin assembly as signal amplification strategy. Silver palladium nanoflowers and gold octahedron nanoparticles@graphene oxide nanocomposites are used for synergistic amplification of electrical signals. Simultaneously, the catalytic hairpin assembly strategy based on artificial molecular technology was introduced to further amplify the signal. Under optimal conditions, T-2 toxin was measured within a linear concentration range 1 × 10-2 ~ 1 × 104 pg·mL-1 with an extremely low detection limit of 6.71 fg·mL-1. The aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity, good selectivity, satisfactory stability, and excellent reproducibility. Moreover, this method had high accuracy in detecting T-2 toxin in beer sample. The encouraging results show the potential application in foodstuff analysis. A dual signal amplification electrochemical biosensor for the detection of T-2 toxins was constructed, through the signal amplification of noble metal nanomaterials and CHA strategy.
Collapse
|
23
|
The effects of gallic acid and vagotomy on motor function, intestinal transit, brain electrophysiology and oxidative stress alterations in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by rotenone. Life Sci 2023; 315:121356. [PMID: 36621537 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex and affects multiple systems of the body beyond the central nervous system. This study examined the effects of gallic acid (GA) and gastrointestinal vagotomy (VG) on motor, cognitive, intestinal transit time, and thalamic nuclei electrical power in an animal model of PD induced by rotenone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Sham, ROT, ROT+GA, VG + ROT. Sham rats received vehicle, those in ROT received rotenone (5 mg/kg/2 ml, ig), PD rats in ROT+GA were treated with GA (100 mg/kg, gavage/once daily, for 28 days), and in VG + ROT, the vagal nerve was dissected. Stride length, motor coordination and locomotion, intestinal transit time, cognitive and pain threshold, and thalamic local EEG were evaluated. Oxidative stress indexes in striatal tissue were also measured. RESULTS Rotenone diminished significantly the stride length (p < 0.001), motor coordination (p < 0.001), power of thalamic EEG (p < 0.01) and pain (p < 0.001). MDA increased significantly (p < 0.001) while GPx activity decreased (p < 0.001). Intestinal transit time rose significantly (p < 0.01). PD rats treated with GA improved all above disorders (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). Vagotomy prevented significant alterations of motor and non-motor parameters by rotenone. CONCLUSION According to current findings, rotenone acts as a toxin in GI and plays a role in the pathogenesis of PD through gastric vagal nerve. Thus, vagotomy could prevent the severity of toxicity by rotenone. In addition, GA improved symptoms of PD induced by rotenone. Therefore, GA can be regarded as a promising therapeutic candidate for PD patients.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu X, Zhang C, Chen K, Liu Y, Deng Y, Liu W, Zhang D, Jiang G, Li X, Giri SS, Park SC, Chi C. Dietary T-2 toxin induces transcriptomic changes in hepatopancreas of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) via nutrition metabolism and apoptosis-related pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114397. [PMID: 36527851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term feed route exposure to T-2 toxin was proved to elicit growth retarding effects and induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). However, no study with a holistic perspective has been conducted to date to further describe the in-depth toxicological mechanism of T-2 toxin in E.sinensis. In this study, an RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) was used in this study to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with 0 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg T-2 toxin on the hepatopancreas transcriptome of E.sinensis and establish a hepatopancreas transcriptome library of T-2 toxin chronically exposed crabs after five weeks, where 14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out across antioxidant, apoptosis, autophagy, glucolipid metabolism and protein synthesis. The actual expression of all the DEGs (Caspase, ATG4, PERK, ACSL, CAT, BIRC2, HADHA, HADHB, ACOX, PFK, eEFe1, eIF4ɑ, RPL13Ae) was also analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). It was demonstrated that long-term intake of large amounts of T-2 toxin could impair antioxidant enzyme activity, promote apoptosis and protective autophagy, disrupt lipid metabolism and inhibit protein synthesis in the hepatopancreas of E.sinensis. In conclusion, this study explored the toxicity mechanism of T-2 toxin on the hepatopancreas of E.sinensis at the mRNA level, which lays the foundation for further investigation of the molecular toxicity mechanism of T-2 toxin in aquatic crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Animal performance and biochemical parameters are sex-dependent in peripubertal rats exposed to deoxynivalenol. Toxicon 2022; 220:106944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
26
|
Wang W, Zhu J, Cao Q, Zhang C, Dong Z, Feng D, Ye H, Zuo J. Dietary Catalase Supplementation Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Broiler Chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120830. [PMID: 36548727 PMCID: PMC9784562 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) can eliminate oxygen radicals, but it is unclear whether exogenous CAT can protect chickens against deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplemental CAT on antioxidant property and gut microbiota in DON-exposed broilers. A total of 144 one-day-old Lingnan yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into three groups (six replicates/group): control, DON group, and DON + CAT (DONC) group. The control and DON group received a diet without and with DON contamination, respectively, while the DONC group received a DON-contaminated diet with 200 U/kg CAT added. Parameter analysis was performed on d 21. The results showed that DON-induced liver enlargement (p < 0.05) was blocked by CAT addition, which also normalized the increases (p < 0.05) in hepatic oxidative metabolites contents and caspase-9 expression. Additionally, CAT addition increased (p < 0.05) the jejunal CAT and GSH-Px activities coupled with T-AOC in DON-exposed broilers, as well as the normalized DON-induced reductions (p < 0.05) of jejunal villus height (VH) and its ratio for crypt depth. There was a difference (p < 0.05) in gut microbiota among groups. The DON group was enriched (p < 0.05) with some harmful bacteria (e.g., Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia/Shigella) that elicited negative correlations (p < 0.05) with jejunal CAT activity, and VH. DONC group was differentially enriched (p < 0.05) with certain beneficial bacteria (e.g., Acidobacteriota, Anaerofustis, and Anaerotruncus) that could benefit intestinal antioxidation and morphology. In conclusion, supplemental CAT alleviates DON-induced oxidative stress and intestinal damage in broilers, which can be associated with its ability to improve gut microbiota, aside from its direct oxygen radical-scavenging activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Ye
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang X, Liu P, Cui Y, Song M, Zhang X, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Li Y. T-2 Toxin Caused Mice Testicular Inflammation Injury via ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14043-14051. [PMID: 36260425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin treatment causes male reproduction system dysfunction, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this research, male Kunming mice and TM4 cells were treated with varying concentrations of the T-2 toxin for evaluating the adverse effect of T-2 toxin on male reproductive function. MCC950 or NAC was used to block NLRP3 inflammasome activation and eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the TM4 cell, respectively. The results showed that: (1) T-2 toxin caused testicular atrophy, destroyed the microstructure and ultrastructure of the testis, and caused sperm deformities; (2) T-2 toxin increased the content and gene expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased the IL-10 content and gene expression, causing testis and TM4 cell inflammatory injury; (3) T-2 toxin activated NLRP3 inflammasome in the testis and TM4 cells and caused ROS accumulation in the testis; (4) suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation using 20 nM MCC950 alleviated the TM4 cell inflammatory damage caused via the T-2 toxin; nevertheless, 20 nM MCC950 did not reduce ROS accumulation in TM4 cells; and (5) NAC relieved the inflammatory damage in TM4 cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Taken together, T-2 toxin caused testicular inflammation injury through ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, resulting in male reproductive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Pengli Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yibao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
You L, Wang X, Wu W, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. HIF-1α inhibits T-2 toxin-mediated "immune evasion" process by negatively regulating PD-1/PD-L1. Toxicology 2022; 480:153324. [PMID: 36115646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Trichothecene mycotoxins have a strong immunosuppressive effect, which may even escape host immune surveillance and damage the immune repair to show an "immune evasion" effect. Increasing lines of evidence have shown that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are key mediators of trichothecenes, and these toxins appear to be closely related to the "immune evasion" mechanisms. Therefore, we used RAW264.7 cell model to explore the association of T-2 toxins with "immune evasion" process and hypoxia, as well as their cross-linking effects induced by T-2 toxin. Our results showed that HIF-1α is an important toxicity target of T-2 toxin, which could induce intracellular hypoxia. T-2 toxin induced an "immune evasion" process by activating the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Interestingly, when HIF-1α activation was blocked, the "immune evasion" process regulated by PD-1/PD-L1 signaling was activated, resulting in the cells damage, suggesting that hypoxia induced by T-2 toxin plays a protective role for RAW264.7 cell damage. Thus, our work shows that HIF-1α inhibits T-2 toxin-mediated "immune evasion" process by negatively regulating PD-1/PD-L1signaling. This study contributes to a better understanding of the immunotoxicity mechanism of trichothecenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ben Hassouna K, Ben Salah-Abbès J, Chaieb K, Abbès S. Mycotoxins occurrence in milk and cereals in North African countries - a review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:619-635. [PMID: 36723615 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2157703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
North African countries; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia suffer from mycotoxin contamination. Various studies have indicated the presence of mycotoxins in raw milk and cereals (i.e. wheat, barley, maize and cereal-based products). Aflatoxins (AFs), Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), Ochratoxin A (OTA), Fumonisin (FB1) and Zearalenone (ZEN)-mycotoxin are the most detected due to climatic change in the region. In this review, we will present the kind of foods and feeds cereals and milk based products contaminated and the level of their contaminated mycotoxin. On the other hand, researchers try to find biologic methods to remove/mitigate mycotoxins in food and feed using bio-products. But the research works concerning legislations and mycotoxin risk assessment still rare. Therefore, it appears necessary to make review on the current status of mycotoxins in North African countries in order to explore data related to contamination of basic food in this region and to highlight the problem to the policy-makers to establish a serious legislation on this matter. On the other hand, to give more information to the worldwide readers about the impact of climate change on the food and feed pollution on mycotoxins in the Mediterranean Sea region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Ben Hassouna
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Chaieb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,High Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang J, Liu X, Su Y, Li T. An update on T2-toxins: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism and human assessment exposure of intestinal microbiota. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10012. [PMID: 35928103 PMCID: PMC9344027 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are naturally produced secondary metabolites or low molecular organic compounds produced by fungus with high diversification, which cause mycotoxicosis (food contamination) in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is simply one of the metabolites belonging to fungi trichothecene mycotoxin. Specifically, Trichothecenes-2 (T-2) mycotoxin of genus fusarium is considered one of the most hotspot agricultural commodities and carcinogenic compounds worldwide. There are well-known examples of salmonellosis in mice and pigs, necrotic enteritis in chickens, catfish enteric septicemia and colibacillosis in pigs as T-2 toxic agent. On the other hand, it has shown a significant reduction in the Salmonella population's aptitude in the pig intestinal tract. Although the impact of the excess Fusarium contaminants on humans in creating infectious illness is less well-known, some toxins are harmful; for example, salmonellosis and colibacillosis have been frequently observed in humans. More than 20 different metabolites are synthesized and excreted after ingestion, but the T-2 toxin is one of the most protuberant metabolites. Less absorption of mycotoxins in intestinal tract results in biotransformation of toxic metabolites into less toxic variants. In addition to these, effects of microbiota on harmful mycotoxins are not limited to intestinal tract, it may harm the other human vital organs. However, detoxification of microbiota is considered as an alternative way to decontaminate the feed for both animals and humans. These transformations of toxic metabolites depend upon the formation of metabolites. This study is complete in all perspectives regarding interactions between microbiota and mycotoxins, their mechanism and practical applications based on experimental studies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pereira C, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO. Mycotoxins of Concern in Children and Infant Cereal Food at European Level: Incidence and Bioaccessibility. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070488. [PMID: 35878226 PMCID: PMC9317499 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals are of utmost importance for the nutrition of infants and children, as they provide important nutrients for their growth and development and, in addition, they are easily digestible, being the best choice for the transition from breast milk/infant formula to solid foods. It is well known that children are more susceptible than adults to toxic food contaminants, such as mycotoxins, common contaminants in cereals. Many mycotoxins are already regulated and controlled according to strict quality control standards in Europe and around the world. There are, however, some mycotoxins about which the level of knowledge is lower: the so-called emerging mycotoxins, which are not yet regulated. The current review summarizes the recent information (since 2014) published in the scientific literature on the amounts of mycotoxins in infants’ and children’s cereal-based food in Europe, as well as their behaviour during digestion (bioaccessibility). Additionally, analytical methods used for mycotoxin determination and in vitro methods used to evaluate bioaccessibility are also reported. Some studies demonstrated the co-occurrence of regulated and emerging mycotoxins in cereal products used in children’s food, which highlights the need to adopt guidelines on the simultaneous presence of more than one mycotoxin. Although very little research has been done on the bioaccessibility of mycotoxins in these food products, very interesting results correlating the fiber and lipid contents of such products with a higher or lower bioaccessibility of mycotoxins were reported. LC-MS/MS is the method of choice for the detection and quantification of mycotoxins due to its high sensibility and accuracy. In vitro static digestion models are the preferred ones for bioaccessibility evaluation due to their simplicity and accuracy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li F, Yuan X, Huang L, Liu Q, Chen W, Wang C. Effects of deoxynivalenol on the histomorphology of the liver and kidneys and the expression of MAPKs in weaned rabbits. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2021.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is widely present in grain-based feeds and food. It has attracted great attention due to its high contamination rate and strong toxicity. The objective of this study was to analyse the toxic effects of DON on the liver and kidneys of weaned rabbits. 45 weaned male rabbits were allocated into control, low DON dose (0.5 mg/kg body weight), and high DON dose (1.5 mg/kg body weight) groups. Saline or DON was administrated intragastrically in the empty stomach of rabbits every morning. After 24 days of treatment, liver and kidney samples were collected for histological, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry analyses. Haematoxylin eosin staining showed that 0.5 mg/kg BW DON caused mild damage to the liver and kidney morphology, while 1.5 mg/kg body weight DON resulted in hepatic vacuolation and necrosis, as well as tubular stenosis and lesions. Data from qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry revealed that the mRNA and protein expression and the distribution range of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase were increased in the liver and kidneys. In conclusion, DON at the tested concentrations damaged the liver and kidneys of rabbits by affecting the expression of key proteins from the mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway. The damage extent was proportional to the amount of DON ingested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China P.R
| | - X. Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China P.R
| | - L. Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China P.R
| | - Q. Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China P.R
| | - W. Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China P.R
| | - C. Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China P.R
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dai C, Das Gupta S, Wang Z, Jiang H, Velkov T, Shen J. T-2 toxin and its cardiotoxicity: New insights on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113262. [PMID: 35792220 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the most toxic and common trichothecene mycotoxins, and can cause various cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge-base and challenges as it relates to T-2 toxin related cardiotoxicity. The molecular mechanisms and potential treatment approaches were also discussed. Pathologically, T-2 toxin-induced cardiac toxicity is characterized by cell injury and death in cardiomyocyte, increased capillary permeability, necrosis of cardiomyocyte, hemorrhage, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the heart. T-2 toxin exposure can cause cardiac fibrosis and finally lead to cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, T-2 toxin exposure-induced cardiac damage involves the production of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling pathway, endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/smad family member 2/3 (Smad2/3) signaling pathway, and autophagy and inflammatory responses. Antioxidant supplementation (e.g., catalase, vitamin C, and selenium), induction of autophagy (e.g., rapamycin), blockade of inflammatory signaling (e.g., methylprednisolone) or treatment with PPAR-γ agonists (e.g., pioglitazone) may provide protective effects against these detrimental cardiac effects caused by T-2 toxin. We believe that our review provides new insights in understanding T-2 toxin exposure-induced cardiotoxicity and fuels effective prevention and treatment strategies against this important food-borne toxin-induced health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Subhajit Das Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75230, USA
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang Y, Li J, Wang X, Wu W, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Deoxynivalenol and its modified forms: key enzymes, inter-individual and interspecies differences in metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:331-342. [PMID: 35695207 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2088786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its modified forms, including DON-3-glucoside (DON-3G), pose a major agricultural and food safety issue in the world. Their metabolites are relatively well-characterized; however, their metabolizing enzymes have not been fully explored. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, 3-O-acetyltransferase, and glutathione S-transferase are involved in the formation of DON-glucuronides, 3-acetyl-DON, and DON-glutathione, respectively. There are interindividual differences in the metabolism of these toxins, including variation with respect to sex. Furthermore, interspecies differences in DON metabolism have been revealed, including differences in the major metabolites of DON, the role of de-acetylation, and the hydrolysis of DON-3G. In this review, we summarized the major enzymes involved in metabolizing DON to its modified forms, focusing on the differences in metabolism of DON and its modified forms between individuals and species. This work provides important insight into the toxicity of DON and its derivatives in humans and animals, and provides scientific basis for the development of safer and more efficient biological detoxification methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Deoxynivalenol: An Overview on Occurrence, Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Health Effects and Its Detection, Management, and Control Strategies in Food and Feed. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are fungi-produced secondary metabolites that can contaminate many foods eaten by humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is formed by Fusarium, is one of the most common occurring predominantly in cereal grains and thus poses a significant health risk. When DON is ingested, it can cause both acute and chronic toxicity. Acute signs include abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, increased salivation, vomiting, and malaise. The most common effects of chronic DON exposure include changes in dietary efficacy, weight loss, and anorexia. This review provides a succinct overview of various sources, biosynthetic mechanisms, and genes governing DON production, along with its consequences on human and animal health. It also covers the effect of environmental factors on its production with potential detection, management, and control strategies.
Collapse
|
36
|
Low-Concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020121. [PMID: 35202147 PMCID: PMC8876018 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), is the main highly infectious disease that severely affects the pig industry globally. T-2 toxin (T2), a significant mycotoxin, is widely spread in food and feeds and shows high toxicity to mammals. The potential mechanism of the interaction between viruses and toxins is of great research value because revealing this mechanism may provide new ideas for their joint prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the effect of T2 on PRV replication and the mechanism of action. The results showed that at a low dose (10 nM), T2 had no significant effect on porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cell viability. However, this T2 concentration alleviated PRV-induced cell injury and increased cell survival time. Additionally, the number of PK15 cells infected with PRV significantly reduced by T2 treatment. Similarly, T2 significantly decreased the copy number of PRV. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that 10 nM T2 significantly inhibits PRV replication and leads to downregulation of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the inhibition of PRV replication in PK15 cells by low-concentration T2. Taken together, we demonstrated the protective effects of T2 against PRV infection. A low T2 concentration inhibited the replication of PRV in PK15 cells, and this process was accompanied by downregulation of the oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathways. Our findings partly explain the interaction mechanism between T2 and PRV, relating to oxidative stress and apoptosis, though further research is required.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hong Q, Li X, Lin Q, Shen Z, Feng J, Hu C. Resveratrol Improves Intestinal Morphology and Anti-Oxidation Ability in Deoxynivalenol-Challenged Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030311. [PMID: 35158635 PMCID: PMC8833336 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated feed may cause anorexia, vomiting, immunosuppression, and intestinal dysfunction in pigs, which would lead to growth retardation and great losses in the pig industry. In this study, the effects of resveratrol (RES) on growth performance, the intestinal barrier, antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial function in weaned pigs fed with DON-contaminated diets were investigated. Dietary supplementation with resveratrol increased the average daily feed intake of piglets. Diets supplemented with resveratrol increased the villus height and the ratio of the jejunum villus height to crypt depth, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased the total antioxidant capacity in the jejunum mucosa. After being supplemented with RES, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria was decreased, while the mitochondrial membrane potential in the jejunum was increased. In conclusion, these results suggested that resveratrol effectively relieved DON-induced oxidative stress in weaned piglets, improved intestinal barrier function, enhanced mitochondrial function, and improved the growth performance of piglets. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of resveratrol (RES) on intestinal function and oxidative stress in deoxynivalenol (DON)-challenged piglets. Twenty-four healthy Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace weaned piglets at the age of 28 ± 1 days were randomly divided into four groups with six repetitions per group. The four groups were as follows: the control group (CON), fed with a basic diet; the RES group, fed with a basal diet + 300 mg/kg RES; the DON group, fed with a basal diet containing 2.65 mg/kg DON; and the DON + RES group, fed with a basal diet containing 2.65 mg/kg DON + 300 mg/kg RES. The results showed that the growth performance and intestinal function of DON-challenged piglets were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Compared with the DON group, the average daily feed intake of piglets in the DON + RES group was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, dietary RES ameliorated DON-induced intestinal morphology impairment, as indicated by the increased (p < 0.05) jejunal villi height and the ratio of the jejunal villi height/crypt depth. Furthermore, after the addition of RES, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the jejunum mucosa were significantly increased, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly declined (p < 0.05). In addition, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria was significantly reduced by RES, while the mitochondrial membrane potential in jejunum was significantly increased by RES (p < 0.05). However, there was no obvious difference between DON + RES and DON groups on average daily gain and the ratio of feed togain, except for the significant inhibition of average daily feed intake (p < 0.05). In conclusion, RES could effectively alleviate the DON-induced oxidative stress on weaned piglets, and reduce the damage to mitochondria and intestinal morphology, so as to improve the growth performance of piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Hong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Z.S.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Z.S.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Z.S.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuojun Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Z.S.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Z.S.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (Z.S.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang J, Xie H, Sun X, Zhu X, Wei L, Liu Y. Protective Effect of Selenomethionine on T-2 Toxin-Induced Rabbit Immunotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:172-182. [PMID: 33682074 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fusarium species, which is mainly prevalent in grain and livestock feed. One of the main effects of this toxin is immunodepression. Previous studies have shown that T-2 toxin can cause damage to immune organs and impaired immune function in animals. However, selenomethionine (SeMet) as an organic selenium source can not only promote the growth and development of the body but also effectively improve the body's immune function. In this study, rabbits were exposed to 0.4-mg/kg T-2 toxin, and abnormal blood routine indicators were found in the rabbits. HE staining also showed obvious lesions in the spleen and thymus tissue structures, accompanied by a large number of bleeding points. In addition, rabbits showed strong oxidative stress and inflammatory response after T-2 toxin action. 0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg, and 0.6 mg/kg organic selenium were added to the feed. However, it was found that 0.2 mg/kg selenium can effectively improve the abnormal changes of blood routine and spleen and thymus tissue of rabbits. On the other hand, it can significantly increase the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the spleen and thymus, and downregulate the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, inflammatory factors interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in blood were also significantly inhibited; the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the spleen and thymus was also significantly increased after low-dose selenium treatment. Surprisingly, 0.4 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg of selenium did not effectively alleviate the immunotoxic effects caused by T-2 toxin, and cause damage to a certain extent. In summary, our results show that 0.2 mg/kg of SeMet can effectively alleviate the immunotoxicity caused by T-2 toxin. Selenium may protect rabbits from T-2 toxin by improving its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yaolu Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Xueyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Xuemin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Lan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
He Y, Fan L, Aaron N, Feng Y, Fang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wang H, Ma T, Sun J, Chen J. Reduction of Smad2 caused by oxidative stress leads to necrotic death of hypertrophic chondrocytes associated with an endemic osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:440-451. [PMID: 33769459 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The occurrence and development of an endemic OA, Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), is closely related to oxidative stress induced by free radicals. The aim of the study was to find the key signalling molecules or pathogenic factors as a potential treatment strategy for KBD. METHODS Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels in cells and tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was assayed in rat models and human samples obtained from children. The type of cell death was identified by annexin V and propidium iodide staining with flow cytometry. RESULTS Oxidative stress decreased levels of Smad2 and Smad3 in hypertrophic chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. In the cartilage of KBD patients, the expression of Smad2 and Smad3 proteins in the middle and deep zone was significantly decreased with an observed full deletion in the deep zone of some samples. Reduction of Smad2 protein induced necrotic death of hypertrophic chondrocytes, while reduction of Smad3 protein induced apoptosis. The reduction of Smad2 protein was not accompanied by Smad3 protein reduction in hypertrophic chondrocyte necrosis. Furthermore, the reduction of Smad2 also impaired the construction of tissue-engineered cartilage in vitro. CONCLUSION These studies reveal that oxidative stress causes necrosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes by downregulating Smad2 protein, which increases the pathogenesis of KBD cartilage. The importance of Smad2 in the development of KBD provides a new potential target for the treatment of KBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Graduate Students Teaching Experiment Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nicole Aaron
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiping Feng
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyou Ma
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bechynska K, Kosek V, Fenclova M, Muchova L, Smid V, Suk J, Chalupsky K, Sticova E, Hurkova K, Hajslova J, Vitek L, Stranska M. The Effect of Mycotoxins and Silymarin on Liver Lipidome of Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111723. [PMID: 34827721 PMCID: PMC8615755 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk thistle-based dietary supplements have become increasingly popular. The extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is often used for the treatment of liver diseases because of the presence of its active component, silymarin. However, the co-occurrence of toxic mycotoxins in these preparations is quite frequent as well. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in composition of liver lipidome and other clinical characteristics of experimental mice fed by a high-fat methionine-choline deficient diet inducing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The mice were exposed to (i) silymarin, (ii) mycotoxins (trichothecenes, enniatins, beauvericin, and altertoxins) and (iii) both silymarin and mycotoxins, and results were compared to the controls. The liver tissue extracts were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Using tools of univariate and multivariate statistical analysis, we were able to identify 48 lipid species from the classes of diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids and phospholipids clearly reflecting the dysregulation of lipid metabolism upon exposure to mycotoxin and/or silymarin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Bechynska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.K.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Vit Kosek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.K.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.K.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Lucie Muchova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (J.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Vaclav Smid
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jakub Suk
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (J.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Sticova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamila Hurkova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.K.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.K.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (J.S.); (L.V.)
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Milena Stranska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.K.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dong X, Wang W, Jiang T, Zhang Y, Han H, Zhang Y, Yang C. Construction and potential application of bacterial superoxide dismutase expressed in Bacillus subtilis against mycotoxins. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260047. [PMID: 34784394 PMCID: PMC8594817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which could be evoked by numerous inducements including mycotoxins like deoxynivalenol (DON), cause severe damages to organisms. Antioxidants are promising protectants against oxidative stress that could be applied in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food and feed industries. In this study, a thermostable and acidophilic superoxide dismutase (AaSOD) was used to develop an antioxidant product that can potentially protect organisms from oxidative stress related damages. The enzyme was successfully expressed as an extracelluar protein in Bacillus subtilis with a high yield. To obtain a feasible protocol for industrial production of AaSOD, the fermentation mediums that are commonly used for culturing B. subtilis were screened, the feasibility of expressing AaSOD without antibiotic as selection pressure was confirmed, and the effect of using lactose as an inducer instead of isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) was investigated. Batch fermentation was conducted to validate the optimized conditions for AaSOD production, and 6530 U mL-1 of SOD activity was obtained in the fermentation broth. The dry powder product of AaSOD with an activity of 22202 U g-1 was prepared by spray-drying and was administrated on zebrafish to test its function as a protectant against DON, and thus gained a significant redress of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation induced by DON. Taken together, this study provides a feasible protocol to prepare the AaSOD-based antioxidant product that is potentially applied in livestock industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food & Fermentation Engingeering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food & Fermentation Engingeering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food & Fermentation Engingeering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food & Fermentation Engingeering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food & Fermentation Engingeering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Janik E, Niemcewicz M, Podogrocki M, Ceremuga M, Stela M, Bijak M. T-2 Toxin-The Most Toxic Trichothecene Mycotoxin: Metabolism, Toxicity, and Decontamination Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226868. [PMID: 34833960 PMCID: PMC8618548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among trichothecenes, T-2 toxin is the most toxic fungal secondary metabolite produced by different Fusarium species. Moreover, T-2 is the most common cause of poisoning that results from the consumption of contaminated cereal-based food and feed reported among humans and animals. The food and feed most contaminated with T-2 toxin is made from wheat, barley, rye, oats, and maize. After exposition or ingestion, T-2 is immediately absorbed from the alimentary tract or through the respiratory mucosal membranes and transported to the liver as a primary organ responsible for toxin's metabolism. Depending on the age, way of exposure, and dosage, intoxication manifests by vomiting, feed refusal, stomach necrosis, and skin irritation, which is rarely observed in case of mycotoxins intoxication. In order to eliminate T-2 toxin, various decontamination techniques have been found to mitigate the concentration of T-2 toxin in agricultural commodities. However, it is believed that 100% degradation of this toxin could be not possible. In this review, T-2 toxin toxicity, metabolism, and decontamination strategies are presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Janik
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcin Podogrocki
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Michal Ceremuga
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland;
| | - Maksymilian Stela
- CBRN Reconnaissance and Decontamination Department, Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, Antoniego Chrusciela "Montera" 105, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-42-635-43-36
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Mycotoxins are defined as secondary metabolites of some species of mold fungi. They are present in many foods consumed by animals. Moreover, they most often contaminate products of plant and animal origin. Fungi of genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillum are most often responsible for the production of mycotoxins. They release toxic compounds that, when properly accumulated, can affect many aspects of breeding, such as reproduction and immunity, as well as the overall liver detoxification performance of animals. Mycotoxins, which are chemical compounds, are extremely difficult to remove due to their natural resistance to mechanical, thermal, and chemical factors. Modern methods of analysis allow the detection of the presence of mycotoxins and determine the level of contamination with them, both in raw materials and in foods. Various food processes that can affect mycotoxins include cleaning, grinding, brewing, cooking, baking, frying, flaking, and extrusion. Most feeding processes have a variable effect on mycotoxins, with those that use high temperatures having the greatest influence. Unfortunately, all these processes significantly reduce mycotoxin amounts, but they do not completely eliminate them. This article presents the risks associated with the presence of mycotoxins in foods and the methods of their detection and prevention.
Collapse
|
44
|
Segura-Wang M, Grenier B, Ilic S, Ruczizka U, Dippel M, Bünger M, Hackl M, Nagl V. MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Porcine Liver, Jejunum and Serum upon Dietary DON Exposure Reveals Candidate Toxicity Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112043. [PMID: 34769473 PMCID: PMC8585098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a frequent mycotoxin worldwide, impairs human and animal health. The response of microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs, to DON has been scarcely investigated, but holds remarkable potential for biomarker applications. Hence, we aimed to investigate DON-induced changes in the microRNA expression in porcine liver, jejunum and serum by combining targeted and untargeted analyses. Piglets received uncontaminated feed or feed containing 900 µg/kg and 2500 µg/kg DON for four weeks, followed by a wash-out period. In tissue, only slight changes in microRNA expression were detected, with ssc-miR-10b being downregulated in liver of DON-exposed piglets. In serum, several microRNAs were differentially expressed upon DON exposure, four of which were validated by qPCR (ssc-miR-16, ssc-miR-128, ssc-miR-451, ssc-miR-205). The serum microRNA response to DON increased over time and declined after removal of contaminated diets. Receiver operating curve analyses for individual microRNAs were significant, and a combination of the four microRNAs increased the predictive capacity for DON exposure. Predicted microRNA target genes showed enrichment of several pathways including PIK3-AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and adherens junctions. This study gives, for the first time, a comprehensive view of the porcine microRNA response to DON, providing a basis for future research on microRNAs as biomarkers for mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maia Segura-Wang
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (M.S.-W.); (B.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Bertrand Grenier
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (M.S.-W.); (B.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Suzana Ilic
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (M.S.-W.); (B.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Ursula Ruczizka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (U.R.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Maximiliane Dippel
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (U.R.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Moritz Bünger
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (U.R.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Veronika Nagl
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (M.S.-W.); (B.G.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-2272-81166-0
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hooft JM, Bureau DP. Deoxynivalenol: Mechanisms of action and its effects on various terrestrial and aquatic species. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112616. [PMID: 34662691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol, a type B trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species of fungi, is a ubiquitious contaminant of cereal grains worldwide. Chronic, low dose consumption of feeds contaminated with DON is associated with a wide range of symptoms in terrestrial and aquatic species including decreased feed intake and feed refusal, reduced weight gain, and altered nutritional efficiency. Acute, high dose exposure to DON may be associated with more severe symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal inflammation and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The toxicity of DON is partly related to its ability to disrupt eukaryotic protein synthesis via binding to the peptidyl transferase site of the ribosome. Moreover, DON exerts its effects at the cellular level by activating mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) through a process known as the ribotoxic stress response (RSR). The outcome of DON-associated MAPK activation is dose and duration dependent; acute low dose exposure results in immunostimulation characterized by the upregulation of cytokines, chemokines and other proinflammatory-related proteins, whereas longer term exposure to higher doses generally results in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and immunosuppression. The order of decreasing sensitivity to DON is considered to be: swine > rats > mice > poultry ≈ ruminants. However, studies conducted within the past 10 years have demonstrated that some species of fish, such as rainbow trout, are highly sensitive to DON. The aims of this review are to explore the effects of DON on terrestrial and aquatic species as well as its mechanisms of action, metabolism, and interaction with other Fusarium mycotoxins. Notably, a considerable emphasis is placed on reviewing the effects of DON on different species of fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Hooft
- Wittaya Aqua International, 1 University Ave, Floor 5, Toronto, ON, M5J 2P1, Canada.
| | - Dominique P Bureau
- Wittaya Aqua International, 1 University Ave, Floor 5, Toronto, ON, M5J 2P1, Canada; Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo P, Lu Q, Hu S, Martínez MA, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Ares I. The NO-dependent caspase signaling pathway is a target of deoxynivalenol in growth inhibition in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112629. [PMID: 34673182 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DON is commonly found in foods and feeds; it presents health risks, especially an increase of growth inhibition in humans, particularly infants and young children. However, there are relatively few research studies devoted to the mechanism of DON-mediated growth retardation. Interestingly, our results showed that DON does not cause any significant production of ROS but results in a persistent and significant release of NO with iNOS increasing activity, mitochondrial ultrastructural changes and decreasing ΔΨm. Moreover, the significant decreases in GH production and secretion induced by DON were dose-dependent, accompanied by an increase of caspase 3, 8 and 9, IL-11, IL-lβ and GHRH. NO scavenging agent (haemoglobin) and free radical scavenging agent (N-acetylcysteine) partially reversed mitochondrial damage, and Z-VAD-FMK increased the levels of GH and decreased the levels of caspase 3, 8 and 9, while haemoglobin decreased the levels of caspase 3, 8 and 9, indicating that NO is the primary target of DON-mediated inhibition. Present research study firstly demonstrated that NO is a key mediator of DON-induced growth inhibition and plays critical roles in the interference of GH transcription and synthesis. The current research is conducive to future research on the molecular mechanisms of DON-induced growth inhibition in humans, especially children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Siyi Hu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lo Verso L, Dumont K, Lessard M, Lauzon K, Provost C, Gagnon CA, Chorfi Y, Guay F. The administration of diets contaminated with low to intermediate doses of deoxynivalenol and supplemented with antioxidants and binding agents slightly affects the growth, antioxidant status, and vaccine response in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab238. [PMID: 34406414 PMCID: PMC8420677 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grading levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the diet of weaned pigs, as well as the effects of a supplementation with antioxidants (AOX), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS), and their combination on the growth, AOX status, and immune and vaccine responses against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). At weaning, 336 piglets were allocated to six dietary treatments according to a randomized complete block design. Treatments were as follows: basal diet (CTRL); basal diet containing DON at 1.2 mg/kg (DON1.2); basal diet containing DON at 2.4 mg/kg (DON2.4); DON2.4 diet + a mix of AOX which included vitamins A and E at 20,000 IU and 200 IU/kg feed respectively, selenized yeast at 0.3 mg/kg, and a grape seed extracts at 100 mg/kg feed (DON2.4 + AOX); DON2.4 diet + the mix of AOX and the modified HSCAS mentioned above (DON2.4 + AOX + HSCAS); DON2.4 + AOX + HSCAS. Pigs were vaccinated against PRRSV and PCV2 at 7 d; on 0, 14, and 35 d, growth performance was recorded, and blood samples were collected in order to evaluate the oxidative status, inflammatory blood markers, lymphocyte blastogenic response, and vaccine antibody response. Increasing intake of DON resulted in a quadratic effect at 35 d in the lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A and PCV2 as well as in the anti-PRRSV antibody response, whereas the catalase activity decreased in DON2.4 pigs compared with the CTRL and DON1.2 groups (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the DON2.4 diet, the AOX supplementation slightly reduced gain to feed ratio (P = 0.026) and increased the ferric reducing ability of plasma as well as α-tocopherol concentration (P < 0.05), whereas the association of AOX + HSCAS increased the anti-PRRSV IgG (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the HSCAS supplement reduced haptoglobin levels in serum at 14 d compared with the DON2.4 group; however, its concentration decreased in all the experimental treatments from 14 to 35 d and particularly in the DON2.4 + AOX pigs, whereas a different trend was evidenced in the DON2.4 + HSCAS group, where over the same period haptoglobin concentration increased (P < 0.05). Overall, our results show that the addition of AOX and HSCAS in the diet may alleviate the negative effects due to DON contamination on the AOX status and immune response of vaccinated weanling pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lo Verso
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Kristina Dumont
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Martin Lessard
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Sherbrooke R & D Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Karoline Lauzon
- Sherbrooke R & D Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Chantale Provost
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Service de diagnostic, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Carl A Gagnon
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Service de diagnostic, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Younes Chorfi
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Service de diagnostic, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guay
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tvrdá E, Greifová H, Ďuračka M, Ondruška Ľ, Halenár M, Kolesárová A. Comparative analysis of the detrimental in vitro effects of three fusariotoxins on the selected structural and functional characteristics of rabbit spermatozoa. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2519-2527. [PMID: 34380342 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1962690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effects of 1-50 μM zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2) on rabbit spermatozoa for as much as 8 h of in vitro exposure. Our results indicate that all sperm quality parameters were negatively affected by these fusariotoxins in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The most prominent structure affected by ZEA was the plasma membrane, exhibiting alterations consistent with the onset of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. This correlated with the most prominent decline of the sperm motility among all selected fusariotoxins. Significant necrotic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction were primarily responsible for the sperm damage in the presence of T-2. Finally, exposure of spermatozoa to DON led to a significant decrease in the DNA integrity. This study may provide new information on the specific mechanisms of action involved in the in vitro toxic behavior of fusariotoxins on male gametes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tvrdá
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Hana Greifová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michal Ďuračka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Ondruška
- Institute of Small Farm Animals, Research Institute for Animal Production, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Halenár
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Kolesárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jiang J, Zhu J, Liu Q, Zhang T, Wen J, Xia J, Deng Y. Role of DNA methylation-related chromatin remodeling in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent regulation of T-2 toxin highly inducible Cytochrome P450 1A4 gene. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21469. [PMID: 33788981 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002570rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by food-contaminating fungi, which lead to global epigenetic changes and cause toxicity to both farm animals and humans. However, whether mycotoxins induce gene-specific epigenetic alterations associated with inducible downstream gene expression is unclear as are the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Here, we found that T-2 toxin and its deacetylated metabolites but not deoxynivalenol (DON) or other representative mycotoxins highly induced the expression of cytochrome P450 1A4 (CYP1A4) in both Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells and chicken primary hepatocytes, and this effect was related to the regulation of both aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and DNA methylation. We used methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion-qPCR (MSRE-qPCR) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and found that the binding of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) to highly methylated CpG island 3-2 at the enhancer of CYP1A4 was accompanied by the recruitment of the repressive histone modification marker H3K27me3, inducing a silent state. In turn, T-2 toxin stimulation enriched the binding of AhR to demethylated CpG island 3-2, which facilitated p300 and H3K9ac recruitment and ultimately generated an activated chromatin structure at the enhancer by increasing the active histone modification markers, including H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K14ac. Interestingly, T-2 toxin-induced AhR activation also facilitated RNA polymerase II binding to CpG island 2, which may form a transcriptionally active chromatin structure at the promoter and ultimately transactivate CYP1A4. Our findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of T-2 toxin-induced gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
You L, Wang X, Wu W, Jaćević V, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Hypothesis: Long non-coding RNA is a potential target of mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112397. [PMID: 34246706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular target of mycotoxins is not fully understood. Extensive data derived from cell and animal experimental studies demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in mycotoxin-induced toxicities. Mycotoxins stimulate the upregulation/downregulation of lncRNA expression, which further promote apoptosis, is related to the mTOR/FoxO signaling pathway, and contributes to tumor cell growth, death, and liver and chondrocyte damage. Moreover, lncRNA can establish interactions with NF-κB and cause immune evasion. These preliminary data suggest that lncRNAs are involved in potential upstream regulatory events and further regulate downstream apoptosis, oxidative stress, and anti-apoptotic events that affect cell death and survival. Therefore, we hypothesize that lncRNAs are potential targets of mycotoxins. Investigation of the expression of the potential target lncRNAs by mycotoxin-mediated stimulation, and exploration of the upstream and downstream relationship between lncRNA and the key proteins involved in mycotoxin toxicity, should be performed. This Hypothesis provides clues for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic; Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Pharmacological Science, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|