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Chung J, Akter S, Han S, Shin Y, Choi TG, Kang I, Kim SS. Diagnosis by Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in Exhaled Breath from Patients with Gastric and Colorectal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010129. [PMID: 36613569 PMCID: PMC9820758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three cancer deaths worldwide are caused by gastric and colorectal cancer malignancies. Although the incidence and fatality rates differ significantly from country to country, the rates of these cancers in East Asian nations such as South Korea and Japan have been increasing each year. Above all, the biggest danger of this disease is how challenging it is to recognize in its early stages. Moreover, most patients with these cancers do not present with any disease symptoms before receiving a definitive diagnosis. Currently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being used for the early prediction of several other diseases, and research has been carried out on these applications. Exhaled VOCs from patients possess remarkable potential as novel biomarkers, and their analysis could be transformative in the prevention and early diagnosis of colon and stomach cancers. VOCs have been spotlighted in recent studies due to their ease of use. Diagnosis on the basis of patient VOC analysis takes less time than methods using gas chromatography, and results in the literature demonstrate that it is possible to determine whether a patient has certain diseases by using organic compounds in their breath as indicators. This study describes how VOCs can be used to precisely detect cancers; as more data are accumulated, the accuracy of this method will increase, and it can be applied in more fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Chung
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
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Qi Y, Toyooka T, Horiguchi H, Koda S, Wang R. 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole generates γ‐H2AX via CYP2E1‐dependent production of reactive oxygen species in urothelial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23043. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Qi
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
- Department of Hygiene Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toyooka
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hyogo Horiguchi
- Department of Hygiene Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shigeki Koda
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Rui‐Sheng Wang
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
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Bittner N, Boon A, Delbanco EH, Walter C, Mally A. Assessment of aromatic amides in printed food contact materials: analysis of potential cleavage to primary aromatic amines during simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1423-1435. [PMID: 35247070 PMCID: PMC9013685 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent analyses conducted by German official food control reported detection of the aromatic amides N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (NDPA), N-acetoacetyl-m-xylidine (NAAX) and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthanilide (Naphthol AS) in cold water extracts from certain food contact materials made from paper or cardboard, including paper straws, paper napkins, and cupcake liners. Because aromatic amides may be cleaved to potentially genotoxic primary amines upon oral intake, these findings raise concern that transfer of NDPA, NAAX and Naphthol AS from food contact materials into food may present a risk to human health. The aim of the present work was to assess the stability of NDPA, NAAX and Naphthol AS and potential cleavage to 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA) and aniline during simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract using static in vitro digestion models. Using the digestion model established by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, Bilthoven, NL) and a protocol recommended by the European Food Safety Authority, potential hydrolysis of the aromatic amides to the respective aromatic amines was assessed by LC-MS/MS following incubation of the aromatic amides with digestive fluid simulants. Time-dependent hydrolysis of NDPA and NAAX resulting in formation of the primary aromatic amine 2,4-DMA was consistently observed in both models. The highest rate of cleavage of NDPA and NAAX was recorded following 4 h incubation with 0.07 M HCl as gastric-juice simulant, and amounted to 0.21% and 0.053%, respectively. Incubation of Naphthol AS with digestive fluid simulants did not give rise to an increase in the concentration of aniline above the background that resulted from the presence of aniline as an impurity of the test compound. Considering the lack of evidence for aniline formation from Naphthol AS and the extremely low rate of hydrolysis of the amide bonds of NDPA and NAAX during simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract that gives rise to only very minor amounts of the potentially mutagenic and/or carcinogenic aromatic amine 2,4-DMA, risk assessment based on assumption of 100% cleavage to the primary aromatic amines would appear to overestimate health risks related to the presence of aromatic amides in food contact materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Bittner
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andy Boon
- Sun Chemical, Sargasso Building, Five Arches Business Centre, Maidstone Road, Sidcup, UK
| | - Evert H Delbanco
- Siegwerk Druckfarben AG & Co. KGaA, Alfred-Keller-Straße 55, 53721, Siegburg, Germany
| | - Christof Walter
- Verband der deutschen Lack- und Druckfarbenindustrie e.V. (VdL), Mainzer Landstraße 55, 60329, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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Li J, He C, Cao X, Sui H, Li X, He L. Low temperature thermal desorption-chemical oxidation hybrid process for the remediation of organic contaminated model soil: A case study. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 243:103908. [PMID: 34717180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficiencies of thermal desorption and oxidation process in engineering soil remediation are to some extent limited due to the huge loss of heat to the soil or underground water or mass transfer resistance in the soil. To enhance the oxidation and improve the energy utilization. Herein, the thermal desorption process and the oxidation process (by ozone) are combined together to remediate the organic contaminated model soil (take the 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA) as pollutant). Results show that this hybrid process could not only reduce the thermal desorption temperature (as low as 50-90 °C), but also improve the oxidation efficiency significantly, even achieving 100% degradation of 2,4-DMA in less than 10 min in the soil. It is found that the remediation efficiency by the hybrid process is also highly dependent on different operational parameters, including the heating temperature, ozone concentration, especially the moisture content in the soil. The results suggest that a proper content of water in the soil is beneficial for the degradation of pollutants by the hybrid process. Finally, the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of 2,4-DMA in the soil by the hybrid process has been primarily discussed. These findings suggest that the low temperature enhanced chemical oxidation process would be a promising method for future remediation of organic contaminated soil due to its relatively low energy consuming and high removal efficiency in shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changfan He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingtao Cao
- CNOOC EnerTech- Beijing Safety& Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Research Institute, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Qi Y, Toyooka T, Nie J, Ohta H, Koda S, Wang RS. Comparative γ-H2AX analysis for assessment of the genotoxicity of six aromatic amines implicated in bladder cancer in human urothelial cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104880. [PMID: 32387221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was reported that ten cases of bladder cancer occurred among employees, who handled several kinds of aromatic amines, at a Japanese chemical plant. The common aromatic amines were identified as ortho-toluidine, para-toluidine, aniline, ortho-chloroaniline, ortho-anisidine, and 2,4-dimethylaniline. All of these aromatic amines, except ortho-chloroaniline, have been found to be carcinogenic in animals and/or humans. Genotoxic events are known to be crucial steps in the initiation of cancer; information on the genotoxicity of these aromatic amines is insufficient and consistent results have not been obtained. In this study, we examined the genotoxicity of the six different aromatic amines associated with bladder cancer by assessing phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) in a cultured human urothelial cell line, 1T1. We showed that all six aromatic amines generated γ-H2AX. In addition, the γ-H2AX-inducing potential of these six aromatic amines was distinctly different; ortho-chloroaniline and 2,4-dimethylaniline showed particularly high potential, followed by ortho-toluidine, ortho-anisidine, para-toluidine ≒ aniline. The findings of this study may provide important information for the risk assessment of chemicals and for interpreting epidemiological studies on occupational bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Qi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan; Department of Environmental, Occupational Health and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toyooka
- Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hisayoshi Ohta
- Department of Environmental, Occupational Health and Toxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shigeki Koda
- Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
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Guo X, Seo JE, Li X, Mei N. Genetic toxicity assessment using liver cell models: past, present, and future. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2019; 23:27-50. [PMID: 31746269 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1692744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic compounds may be detoxified to non-genotoxic metabolites while many pro-carcinogens require metabolic activation to exert their genotoxicity in vivo. Standard genotoxicity assays were developed and utilized for risk assessment for over 40 years. Most of these assays are conducted in metabolically incompetent rodent or human cell lines. Deficient in normal metabolism and relying on exogenous metabolic activation systems, the current in vitro genotoxicity assays often have yielded high false positive rates, which trigger unnecessary and costly in vivo studies. Metabolically active cells such as hepatocytes have been recognized as a promising cell model in predicting genotoxicity of carcinogens in vivo. In recent years, significant advances in tissue culture and biological technologies provided new opportunities for using hepatocytes in genetic toxicology. This review encompasses published studies (both in vitro and in vivo) using hepatocytes for genotoxicity assessment. Findings from both standard and newly developed genotoxicity assays are summarized. Various liver cell models used for genotoxicity assessment are described, including the potential application of advanced liver cell models such as 3D spheroids, organoids, and engineered hepatocytes. An integrated strategy, that includes the use of human-based cells with enhanced biological relevance and throughput, and applying the quantitative analysis of data, may provide an approach for future genotoxicity risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Seo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Xilin Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
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