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Slabe Z, Balesar RA, Verwer RWH, Drevenšek G, Swaab DF. Increased pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide genes expression in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia in relation to suicide. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1277958. [PMID: 38025265 PMCID: PMC10652791 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1277958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is a stress-related neuropeptide that is produced in several brain areas. It acts by 3 receptors: PACAP type-1 (PAC1), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) -1 and -2 (VPAC1 and 2). Data on polymorphisms in PACAP and PAC1 indicate a relationship of the PACAP system with schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods The prefrontal cortex was chosen to measure PACAP-gene related expression changes, since this is a central structure in the symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). We investigated alterations in the expression of the PACAP-related genes by qPCR in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of 35 SCZ patients and 34 matched controls in relation to SCZ, suicide, gender and medication. Results The ACC revealed an upregulation in PACAP, PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 in SCZ suicide (S) completers compared to controls. An increase in PACAP, VPAC1 and VPAC2 expression was also present in the ACC in SCZ-S compared to SCZ patients who died naturally (SCZ-N). In the DLPFC, an increase in PAC1 was found in SCZ-N patients compared to SCZ-S and controls. Moreover, an increase in all PACAP-related genes was present in SCZ-N male patients compared to SCZ-N females. Concluding, expression changes were found in PACAP-related genes in relation to SCZ, suicide and gender. In particular, there was a higher PACAP-related gene expression in SCZ patients in the ACC in relation to suicide and in DLPFC in relation to SCZ. Discussion These findings suggest a potential link between PACAP and the pathophysiology of SCZ and suicide. Further research is needed to understand the functional significance and potential clinical applications of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Slabe
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rawien A. Balesar
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald W. H. Verwer
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gorazd Drevenšek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dick F. Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Ago Y, Van C, Condro MC, Hrncir H, Diep AL, Rajbhandari AK, Fanselow MS, Hashimoto H, MacKenzie-Graham AJ, Waschek JA. Overexpression of VIPR2 in mice results in microencephaly with paradoxical increased white matter volume. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114339. [PMID: 36717013 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Large scale studies in populations of European and Han Chinese ancestry found a series of rare gain-of-function microduplications in VIPR2, encoding VPAC2, a receptor that binds vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide with high affinity, that were associated with an up to 13-fold increased risk for schizophrenia. To address how VPAC2 receptor overactivity might affect brain development, we used a well-characterized Nestin-Cre mouse strain and a knock-in approach to overexpress human VPAC2 in the central nervous system. Mice that overexpressed VPAC2 were found to exhibit a significant reduction in brain weight. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis confirmed a decrease in brain size, a specific reduction in the hippocampus grey matter volume and a paradoxical increase in whole-brain white matter volume. Sex-specific changes in behavior such as impaired prepulse inhibition and contextual fear memory were observed in VPAC2 overexpressing mice. The data indicate that the VPAC2 receptor may play a critical role in brain morphogenesis and suggest that overactive VPAC2 signaling during development plays a mechanistic role in some forms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ago
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Christina Van
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael C Condro
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haley Hrncir
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna L Diep
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Abha K Rajbhandari
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael S Fanselow
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Allan J MacKenzie-Graham
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James A Waschek
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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3
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Sakamoto K, Chen L, Miyaoka T, Yamada M, Masutani T, Ishimoto K, Hino N, Nakagawa S, Asano S, Ago Y. Generation of KS-133 as a Novel Bicyclic Peptide with a Potent and Selective VIPR2 Antagonist Activity that Counteracts Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Psychiatric Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:751587. [PMID: 34819858 PMCID: PMC8607231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 20 million people suffer from schizophrenia, but effective and definitive new therapeutic drugs/treatments have not been established. Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) might be an attractive drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia because both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated a strong link between high expression/overactivation of VIPR2 and schizophrenia. Nevertheless, VIPR2-targeting drugs are not yet available. VIPR2 is a class-B G protein-coupled receptor that possesses high structural homology to its subtypes, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VIPR1) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type-1 receptor (PAC1). These biological and structural properties have made it difficult to discover small molecule drugs against VIPR2. In 2018, cyclic peptide VIpep-3, a VIPR2-selective antagonist, was reported. The aim of this study was to generate a VIpep-3 derivative for in vivo experiments. After amino acid substitution and structure optimization, we successfully generated KS-133 with 1) a VIPR2-selective and potent antagonistic activity, 2) at least 24 h of stability in plasma, and 3) in vivo pharmacological efficacies in a mouse model of psychiatric disorders through early postnatal activation of VIPR2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a VIPR2-selective antagonistic peptide that counteracts cognitive decline, a central feature of schizophrenia. KS-133 may contribute to studies and development of novel schizophrenia therapeutic drugs that target VIPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sakamoto
- Research and Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Company Limited, Gifu, Japan
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Miyaoka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mei Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruaki Masutani
- Research and Development Department, Ichimaru Pharcos Company Limited, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishimoto
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Hino
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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4
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Ago Y, Asano S, Hashimoto H, Waschek JA. Probing the VIPR2 Microduplication Linkage to Schizophrenia in Animal and Cellular Models. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:717490. [PMID: 34366784 PMCID: PMC8339898 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.717490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP, gene name ADCYAP1) is a multifunctional neuropeptide involved in brain development and synaptic plasticity. With respect to PACAP function, most attention has been given to that mediated by its specific receptor PAC1 (ADCYAP1R1). However, PACAP also binds tightly to the high affinity receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, VIP), called VPAC1 and VPAC2 (VIPR1 and VIPR2, respectively). Depending on innervation patterns, PACAP can thus interact physiologically with any of these receptors. VPAC2 receptors, the focus of this review, are known to have a pivotal role in regulating circadian rhythms and to affect multiple other processes in the brain, including those involved in fear cognition. Accumulating evidence in human genetics indicates that microduplications at 7q36.3, containing VIPR2 gene, are linked to schizophrenia and possibly autism spectrum disorder. Although detailed molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, recent studies in animal models suggest that overactivation of the VPAC2 receptor disrupts cortical circuit maturation. The VIPR2 linkage can thus be potentially explained by inappropriate control of receptor signaling at a time when neural circuits involved in cognition and social behavior are being established. Alternatively, or in addition, VPAC2 receptor overactivity may disrupt ongoing synaptic plasticity during processes of learning and memory. Finally, in vitro data indicate that PACAP and VIP have differential activities on the maturation of neurons via their distinct signaling pathways. Thus perturbations in the balance of VPAC2, VPAC1, and PAC1 receptors and their ligands may have important consequences in brain development and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - James A Waschek
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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5
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Zhao F, Li Q, Chen W, Zhu H, Zhou D, Reinach PS, Yang Z, He M, Xue A, Wu D, Liu T, Fu Q, Zeng C, Qu J, Zhou X. Dysfunction of VIPR2 leads to myopia in humans and mice. J Med Genet 2020; 59:88-100. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundMyopia is the leading cause of refractive errors. As its pathogenesis is poorly understood, we determined if the retinal VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway axis has a role in controlling signalling output that affects myopia development in mice.MethodsAssociation analysis meta-study, single-cell transcriptome, bulk RNA sequencing, pharmacological manipulation and VIPR2 gene knockout studies were used to clarify if changes in the VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway affect refractive development in mice.ResultsThe SNP rs6979985 of the VIPR2 gene was associated with high myopia in a Chinese Han cohort (randomceffect model: p=0.013). After either 1 or 2 days’ form deprivation (FD) retinal VIP mRNA expression was downregulated. Retinal single-cell transcriptome sequencing showed that VIPR2 was expressed mainly by bipolar cells. Furthermore, the cAMP signalling pathway axis was inhibited in some VIPR2+ clusters after 2 days of FD. The selective VIPR2 antagonist PG99-465 induced relative myopia, whereas the selective VIPR2 agonist Ro25-1553 inhibited this response. In Vipr2 knockout (Vipr2-KO) mice, refraction was significantly shifted towards myopia (p<0.05). The amplitudes of the bipolar cell derived b-waves in 7-week-old Vipr2-KO mice were significantly larger than those in their WT littermates (p<0.05).ConclusionsLoss of VIPR2 function likely compromises bipolar cell function based on presumed changes in signal transduction due to altered signature electrical wave activity output in these mice. As these effects correspond with increases in form deprivation myopia (FDM), the VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway axis is a viable novel target to control the development of this condition.
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6
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Albrecht A, Redavide E, Regev-Tsur S, Stork O, Richter-Levin G. Hippocampal GABAergic interneurons and their co-localized neuropeptides in stress vulnerability and resilience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:229-244. [PMID: 33188820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans and rodents suggest a critical role for the hippocampal formation in cognition and emotion, but also in the adaptation to stressful events. Successful stress adaptation promotes resilience, while its failure may lead to stress-induced psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety disorders. Hippocampal architecture and physiology is shaped by its strong control of activity via diverse classes of inhibitory interneurons that express typical calcium binding proteins and neuropeptides. Celltype-specific opto- and chemogenetic intervention strategies that take advantage of these biochemical markers have bolstered our understanding of the distinct role of different interneurons in anxiety, fear and stress adaptation. Moreover, some of the signature proteins of GABAergic interneurons have a potent impact on emotion and cognition on their own, making them attractive targets for interventions. In particular, neuropeptide Y is a promising endogenous agent for mediating resilience against severe stress. In this review, we evaluate the role of the major types of interneurons across hippocampal subregions in the adaptation to chronic and acute stress and to emotional memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Albrecht
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Elisa Redavide
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stav Regev-Tsur
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Oliver Stork
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel; Psychology Department, University of Haifa199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
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7
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Takeuchi S, Kawanai T, Yamauchi R, Chen L, Miyaoka T, Yamada M, Asano S, Hayata-Takano A, Nakazawa T, Yano K, Horiguchi N, Nakagawa S, Takuma K, Waschek JA, Hashimoto H, Ago Y. Activation of the VPAC2 Receptor Impairs Axon Outgrowth and Decreases Dendritic Arborization in Mouse Cortical Neurons by a PKA-Dependent Mechanism. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:521. [PMID: 32581681 PMCID: PMC7287155 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that microduplications at 7q36.3, containing VIPR2, confer significant risk for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). VIPR2 gene encodes the VPAC2 receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Lymphocytes from patients with these mutations exhibited higher VIPR2 gene expression and VIP-induced cAMP responsiveness, but mechanisms by which overactive VPAC2 signaling may lead to these psychiatric disorders are unknown. We have previously found that repeated administration of a selective VPAC2 receptor agonist Ro25-1553 in the mouse during early postnatal development caused synaptic alterations in the prefrontal cortex and sensorimotor gating deficits. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of VPAC2 receptor activation on neurite outgrowth in cultured primary mouse cortical neurons. Ro25-1553 and VIP caused reductions in total numbers and lengths of both neuronal dendrites and axons, while PACAP38 facilitated elongation of dendrites, but not axons. These effects of Ro25-1553 and VIP were blocked by a VPAC2 receptor antagonist PG99-465 and abolished in VPAC2 receptor-deficient mice. Additionally, Ro25-1553-induced decreases in axon and dendritic outgrowth in wild-type mice were blocked by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, but not by a PKC inhibitor GF109203X or a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. PACAP38- induced facilitation of dendritic outgrowth was blocked by U0126. These results suggest that activation of the VPAC2 receptor impairs neurite outgrowth and decreases branching of cortical neurons by a PKA-dependent mechanism. These findings also imply that the VIPR2-linkage to mental health disorders may be due in part to deficits in neuronal maturation induced by VPAC2 receptor overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawanai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Miyaoka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Mei Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Yano
- Neuroscience Department, Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Naotaka Horiguchi
- Neuroscience Department, Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takuma
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - James A Waschek
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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8
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Tian X, Richard A, El-Saadi MW, Bhandari A, Latimer B, Van Savage I, Holmes K, Klein RL, Dwyer D, Goeders NE, Yang XW, Lu XH. Dosage sensitivity intolerance of VIPR2 microduplication is disease causative to manifest schizophrenia-like phenotypes in a novel BAC transgenic mouse model. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1884-1901. [PMID: 31444475 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified copy number variations (CNVs) at chromosomal locus 7q36.3 that significantly contribute to the risk of schizophrenia, with all of the microduplications occurring within a single gene: vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2). To confirm disease causality and translate such a genetic vulnerability into mechanistic and pathophysiological insights, we have developed a series of conditional VIPR2 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse models of VIPR2 CNV. VIPR2 CNV mouse model recapitulates gene expression and signaling deficits seen in human CNV carriers. VIPR2 microduplication in mice elicits prominent dorsal striatal dopamine dysfunction, cognitive, sensorimotor gating, and social behavioral deficits preceded by an increase of striatal cAMP/PKA signaling and the disrupted early postnatal striatal development. Genetic removal of VIPR2 transgene expression via crossing with Drd1a-Cre BAC transgenic mice rescued the dopamine D2 receptor abnormality and multiple behavioral deficits, implicating a pathogenic role of VIPR2 overexpression in dopaminoceptive neurons. Thus, our results provide further evidence to support the GWAS studies that the dosage sensitivity intolerance of VIPR2 is disease causative to manifest schizophrenia-like dopamine, cognitive, and social behavioral deficits in mice. The conditional BAC transgenesis offers a novel strategy to model CNVs with a gain-of -copies and facilitate the genetic dissection of when/where/how the genetic vulnerabilities affect development, structure, and function of neural circuits. Our findings have important implications for therapeutic development, and the etiology-relevant mouse model provides a useful preclinical platform for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Adam Richard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Madison Wynne El-Saadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Aakriti Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Brian Latimer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Isabella Van Savage
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Kevlyn Holmes
- California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Ronald L Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Donard Dwyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Nicholas E Goeders
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - X William Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Human Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.
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9
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Porcu A, Gonzalez R, McCarthy MJ. Pharmacological Manipulation of the Circadian Clock: A Possible Approach to the Management of Bipolar Disorder. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:981-999. [PMID: 31625128 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder with genetic and neurobiological underpinnings, characterized primarily by recurrent episodes of mania and depression, with notable disruptions in rhythmic behaviors such as sleep, energy, appetite and attention. The chronobiological links to BD are further supported by the effectiveness of various treatment modalities such as bright light, circadian phase advance, and mood-stabilizing drugs such as lithium that have effects on the circadian clock. Over the past 30 years, the neurobiology of the circadian clock has been exquisitely described and there now exists a detailed knowledge of key signaling pathways, neurotransmitters and signaling mechanisms that regulate various dimensions of circadian clock function. With this new wealth of information, it is becoming increasingly plausible that new drugs for BD could be made by targeting molecular elements of the circadian clock. However, circadian rhythms are multidimensional and complex, involving unique, time-dependent factors that are not typically considered in drug development. We review the organization of the circadian clock in the central nervous system and briefly summarize data implicating the circadian clock in BD. We then consider some of the unique aspects of the circadian clock as a drug target in BD, discuss key methodological considerations and evaluate some of the candidate clock pathways and systems that could serve as potential targets for novel mood stabilizers. We expect this work will serve as a roadmap to facilitate the development of compounds acting on the circadian clock for the treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Porcu
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr MC116A, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
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10
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Hilliard AT, Xie D, Ma Z, Snyder MP, Fernald RD. Genome-wide effects of social status on DNA methylation in the brain of a cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:699. [PMID: 31506062 PMCID: PMC6737626 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful social behavior requires real-time integration of information about the environment, internal physiology, and past experience. The molecular substrates of this integration are poorly understood, but likely modulate neural plasticity and gene regulation. In the cichlid fish species Astatotilapia burtoni, male social status can shift rapidly depending on the environment, causing fast behavioral modifications and a cascade of changes in gene transcription, the brain, and the reproductive system. These changes can be permanent but are also reversible, implying the involvement of a robust but flexible mechanism that regulates plasticity based on internal and external conditions. One candidate mechanism is DNA methylation, which has been linked to social behavior in many species, including A. burtoni. But, the extent of its effects after A. burtoni social change were previously unknown. RESULTS We performed the first genome-wide search for DNA methylation patterns associated with social status in the brains of male A. burtoni, identifying hundreds of Differentially Methylated genomic Regions (DMRs) in dominant versus non-dominant fish. Most DMRs were inside genes supporting neural development, synapse function, and other processes relevant to neural plasticity, and DMRs could affect gene expression in multiple ways. DMR genes were more likely to be transcription factors, have a duplicate elsewhere in the genome, have an anti-sense lncRNA, and have more splice variants than other genes. Dozens of genes had multiple DMRs that were often seemingly positioned to regulate specific splice variants. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed genome-wide effects of A. burtoni social status on DNA methylation in the brain and strongly suggest a role for methylation in modulating plasticity across multiple biological levels. They also suggest many novel hypotheses to address in mechanistic follow-up studies, and will be a rich resource for identifying the relationships between behavioral, neural, and transcriptional plasticity in the context of social status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Zhihai Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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11
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Castagna C, Merighi A, Lossi L. Decreased Expression of Synaptophysin 1 (SYP1 Major Synaptic Vesicle Protein p38) and Contactin 6 (CNTN6/NB3) in the Cerebellar Vermis of reln Haplodeficient Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:833-856. [PMID: 31098770 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Reeler heterozygous mice (reln+/-) are seemingly normal but haplodeficient in reln, a gene implicated in autism. Structural/neurochemical alterations in the reln+/- brain are subtle and difficult to demonstrate. Therefore, the usefulness of these mice in translational research is still debated. As evidence implicated several synapse-related genes in autism and the cerebellar vermis is structurally altered in the condition, we have investigated the expression of synaptophysin 1 (SYP1) and contactin 6 (CNTN6) within the vermis of reln+/- mice. Semi-thin plastic sections of the vermis from adult mice of both sexes and different genotypes (reln+/- and reln+/+) were processed with an indirect immunofluorescence protocol. Immunofluorescence was quantified on binary images and statistically analyzed. Reln+/- males displayed a statistically significant reduction of 11.89% in the expression of SYP1 compared to sex-matched wild-type animals, whereas no differences were observed between reln+/+ and reln+/- females. In reln+/- male mice, reductions were particularly evident in the molecular layer: 10.23% less SYP1 than reln+/+ males and 5.84% < reln+/+ females. In reln+/- females, decrease was 9.84% versus reln+/+ males and 5.43% versus reln+/+ females. Both reln+/- males and females showed a stronger decrease in CNTN6 expression throughout all the three cortical layers of the vermis: 17-23% in the granular layer, 24-26% in the Purkinje cell layer, and 9-14% in the molecular layer. Altogether, decrease of vermian SYP1 and CNTN6 in reln+/- mice displayed patterns compatible with the structural modifications of the autistic cerebellum. Therefore, these mice may be a good model in translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Castagna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Laura Lossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095, Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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12
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Ago Y, Hayata A, Hashimoto H. [Pathophysiological implication of the VPAC2 receptor in psychiatric disorders]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 151:249-253. [PMID: 29887574 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.151.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The advent of the genomic era has led to the discovery of linkages of several genes and pathways to schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that may serve as new biomarkers or therapeutic targets for these diseases. Two large-scale genetic studies published early in 2011 provided evidence that functional microduplications at 7q36.3, containing VIPR2, are a risk factor for schizophrenia. 7q36.3 microduplications were also reported to be significantly increased in ASD. VIPR2 encodes VPAC2, a seven transmembrane heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor that binds two homologous neuropeptides with high affinity, PACAP and VIP. These clinical studies demonstrate a VIPR2 genetic linkage to schizophrenia and ASD and should lead to novel insights into the etiology of these mental health disorders. However, the mechanism by which overactive VPAC2 signaling may lead to schizophrenia and ASD is unknown. In the present review, we will describe recent advances in the genetics of schizophrenia and attempt to discuss the pathophysiological role of altered VPAC2 signaling in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Atsuko Hayata
- Center for Child Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Center for Child Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.,Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University
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13
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Sakamoto K, Koyama R, Kamada Y, Miwa M, Tani A. Discovery of artificial VIPR2-antagonist peptides possessing receptor- and ligand-selectivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1973-1979. [PMID: 30077368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2, also known as VPAC2) is a class B G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and plays important roles in the physiology of central nervous system (CNS) by interaction with natural ligands; vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Because it has been reported that high-expression and/or overactivation of VIPR2 link to schizophrenic symptoms, VIPR2 antagonists could be good drug candidates for schizophrenia therapeutics. In this study, we discovered several artificial peptides that antagonize both human and rodent VIPR2 with selectivities against receptor subtypes VIPR1 (also known as VPAC1) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type-1 receptor (PAC1). Of them, the representative 16-mer cyclic peptide VIpep-3 (Ac-CPPYLPRRLCTLLLRS-OH) exhibited strong binding affinity with KD value of 41 nM to extracellular domain of human VIPR2 in SPR analysis and showed potent antagonist activity with IC50 values of 47 nM (human), 180 nM (mouse), and 44 nM (rat) against VIP-VIPR2 signal in cell-based Ca influx assay. This is not only the first report on artificial VIPR2-selective antagonist peptides but also good example of the effective approach to discover novel antagonist against class B GPCR. Our peptides will contribute to study and development of the novel CNS drugs targeting to VIPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sakamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Ryokichi Koyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Miwa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
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14
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Ago Y, Hayata-Takano A, Kawanai T, Yamauchi R, Takeuchi S, Cushman JD, Rajbhandari AK, Fanselow MS, Hashimoto H, Waschek JA. Impaired extinction of cued fear memory and abnormal dendritic morphology in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices in VPAC2 receptor (VIPR2)-deficient mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 145:222-231. [PMID: 29030297 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The structurally related neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) have been implicated in stress regulation and learning and memory. Several bodies of research have shown the impact of the PACAP specific receptor PAC1 on fear memory, but the roles of other PACAP receptors in regulating fear stress responses remain to be elucidated. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of genetic deletion of VIPR2 encoding the VPAC2 receptor, which binds both VIP and PACAP, on fear-related memory and on dendritic morphology in the brain regions of the fear circuitry. Male VPAC2 receptor knockout (VPAC2-KO) and littermate wild-type control mice were subjected to Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm. VPAC2-KO mice displayed normal acquisition of fear conditioning, contextual and cued fear memory, but impaired extinction of cued fear memory. Morphological analyses revealed reductions in cell body size and total branch number and length of apical and basal dendrites of prelimbic cortex neurons in VPAC2-KO mice. In addition, Sholl analysis indicated that the amount of dendritic material distal to the soma was decreased, while proximal dendritic material was increased. In the infralimbic cortex, the amount of apical dendritic material proximal to the soma was increased in VPAC2-KO mice, while other indices of morphology did not differ. Finally, there were no differences in dendritic morphology in basolateral amygdala neurons between genotypes. These findings suggest that the VPAC2 receptor plays an important role in the fear extinction processes and the regulation of the dendritic morphology in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawanai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuto Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jesse D Cushman
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC 27709, USA; Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Abha K Rajbhandari
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael S Fanselow
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - James A Waschek
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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15
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Seiriki K, Kasai A, Hashimoto T, Schulze W, Niu M, Yamaguchi S, Nakazawa T, Inoue KI, Uezono S, Takada M, Naka Y, Igarashi H, Tanuma M, Waschek JA, Ago Y, Tanaka KF, Hayata-Takano A, Nagayasu K, Shintani N, Hashimoto R, Kunii Y, Hino M, Matsumoto J, Yabe H, Nagai T, Fujita K, Matsuda T, Takuma K, Baba A, Hashimoto H. High-Speed and Scalable Whole-Brain Imaging in Rodents and Primates. Neuron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Firouzabadi SG, Kariminejad R, Vameghi R, Darvish H, Ghaedi H, Banihashemi S, Firouzkouhi Moghaddam M, Jamali P, Mofidi Tehrani HF, Dehghani H, Narooie-Nejad M, Jamshidi J, Tafakhori A, Sadabadi S, Najmabadi H, Behjati F. Copy Number Variants in Patients with Autism and Additional Clinical Features: Report of VIPR2 Duplication and a Novel Microduplication Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7019-7027. [PMID: 27796743 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder estimated to affect 1 in 68 children. Many studies have shown the role of copy number variants (CNVs) as a major contributor in the etiology of autism with the overall detection rate of about 10-15 % and over 20 % when syndromic forms of autism exist. In this study, we used array CGH to identify CNVs in 15 Iranian patients with autism. To elevate our diagnostic yield, we selected the sporadic patients who had additional clinical features including intellectual disability (ID), craniofacial anomaly, and seizure. Six out of 15 patients showed clinically relevant CNVs including pathogenic and likely pathogenic copy number gains or losses. We report a novel gene duplication syndrome (10q21.2q21.3 microduplication) and present a new evidence for VIPR2 duplication, as a candidate gene for autism. Furthermore, we describe the first manifesting carrier female with deletion of SLC6A8 and BCAP31 genes on Xq28. Our findings suggest that there might be a higher prevalence of clinically significant CNVs in patients with autism and additional clinical manifestations. The CNV analysis in such patients could lead to the discovery of novel syndromes as well as unraveling the etiology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roshanak Vameghi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan Banihashemi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Firouzkouhi Moghaddam
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Research Center for Children and Adolescents Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossein Dehghani
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Narooie-Nejad
- Genetics of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Javad Jamshidi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Sadabadi
- Bahar Education and Rehabilitation Center for the handicapped, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Behjati
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Maduna T, Lelievre V. Neuropeptides shaping the central nervous system development: Spatiotemporal actions of VIP and PACAP through complementary signaling pathways. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1472-1487. [PMID: 27717098 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are neuropeptides with wide, complementary, and overlapping distributions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where they exert important regulatory roles in many physiological processes. VIP and PACAP display a large range of biological cellular targets and functions in the adult nervous system including regulation of neurotransmission and neuroendocrine secretion and neuroprotective and neuroimmune responses. As the main focus of the present review, VIP and PACAP also have been long implicated in nervous system development and maturation through their interaction with the seven transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors, PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2, initiating multiple signaling pathways. Compared with PAC1, which solely binds PACAP with very high affinity, VPACs exhibit high affinities for both VIP and PACAP but differ from each other because of their pharmacological profile for both natural accessory peptides and synthetic or chimeric molecules, with agonistic and antagonistic properties. Complementary to initial pharmacological studies, transgenic animals lacking these neuropeptides or their receptors have been used to further characterize the neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral roles of PACAP and VIP in the developing central nervous system. In this review, we recapitulate the critical steps and processes guiding/driving neurodevelopment in vertebrates and superimposing the potential contribution of PACAP and VIP receptors on the given timeline. We also describe how alterations in VIP/PACAP signaling may contribute to both (neuro)developmental and adult pathologies and suggest that tuning of VIP/PACAP signaling in a spatiotemporal manner may represent a novel avenue for preventive therapies of neurological and psychiatric disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tando Maduna
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Lelievre
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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18
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Abstract
The purpose of making a "biobetter" biologic is to improve on the salient characteristics of a known biologic for which there is, minimally, clinical proof of concept or, maximally, marketed product data. There already are several examples in which second-generation or biobetter biologics have been generated by improving the pharmacokinetic properties of an innovative drug, including Neulasta(®) [a PEGylated, longer-half-life version of Neupogen(®) (filgrastim)] and Aranesp(®) [a longer-half-life version of Epogen(®) (epoetin-α)]. This review describes the use of protein fusion technologies such as Fc fusion proteins, fusion to human serum albumin, fusion to carboxy-terminal peptide, and other polypeptide fusion approaches to make biobetter drugs with more desirable pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Strohl
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, SH31-21757, 1400 Welsh and McKean Roads, PO Box 776, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA,
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