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Sternberg Z. Neurodegenerative Etiology of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency: a Novel Concept for Expanding Treatment Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2996-3018. [PMID: 37953352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADC-DY) is caused by one or more mutations in the DDC gene, resulting in the deficit in catecholamines and serotonin neurotransmitters. The disease has limited therapeutic options with relatively poor clinical outcomes. Accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of neurodegenerative mechanisms in the etiology of AADC-DY. In the absence of neurotransmitters' neuroprotective effects, the accumulation and the chronic presence of several neurotoxic metabolites including 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, 3-methyldopa, and homocysteine, in the brain of subjects with AADC-DY, promote oxidative stress and reduce the cellular antioxidant and methylation capacities, leading to glial activation and mitochondrial dysfunction, culminating to neuronal injury and death. These pathophysiological processes have the potential to hinder the clinical efficacy of treatments aimed at increasing neurotransmitters' synthesis and or function. This review describes in detail the mechanisms involved in AADC-DY neurodegenerative etiology, highlighting the close similarities with those involved in other neurodegenerative diseases. We then offer novel strategies for the treatment of the disease with the objective to either reduce the level of the metabolites or counteract their prooxidant and neurotoxic effects. These treatment modalities used singly or in combination, early in the course of the disease, will minimize neuronal injury, preserving the functional integrity of neurons, hence improving the clinical outcomes of both conventional and unconventional interventions in AADC-DY. These modalities may not be limited to AADC-DY but also to other metabolic disorders where a specific mutation leads to the accumulation of prooxidant and neurotoxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohi Sternberg
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo Medical Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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2
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Hamati R, Ahrens J, Shvetz C, Holahan MR, Tuominen L. 65 years of research on dopamine's role in classical fear conditioning and extinction: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1099-1140. [PMID: 37848184 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter, has historically been associated with the encoding of reward, whereas its role in aversion has received less attention. Here, we systematically gathered the vast evidence of the role of dopamine in the simplest forms of aversive learning: classical fear conditioning and extinction. In the past, crude methods were used to augment or inhibit dopamine to study its relationship with fear conditioning and extinction. More advanced techniques such as conditional genetic, chemogenic and optogenetic approaches now provide causal evidence for dopamine's role in these learning processes. Dopamine neurons encode conditioned stimuli during fear conditioning and extinction and convey the signal via activation of D1-4 receptor sites particularly in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and striatum. The coordinated activation of dopamine receptors allows for the continuous formation, consolidation, retrieval and updating of fear and extinction memory in a dynamic and reciprocal manner. Based on the reviewed literature, we conclude that dopamine is crucial for the encoding of classical fear conditioning and extinction and contributes in a way that is comparable to its role in encoding reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Hamati
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Ahrens
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cecelia Shvetz
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew R Holahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Plekanchuk VS, Prokudina OI, Ryazanova MA. Social behavior and spatial orientation in rat strains with genetic predisposition to catatonia (GC) and stereotypes (PM). Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:281-289. [PMID: 35733816 PMCID: PMC9164122 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various psychopathologies, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression, are associated with abnormalities in social behavior and learning. One of the syndromes that may also take place in these disorders is catatonia. Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome in which motor excitement, stereotypy, stuporous state, including the phenomenon of “waxy flexibility” (catalepsy), can be observed. Rats with genetic catatonia (GC) and pendulum-like movements (PM) of the anterior half of the body have physiological and behavioral changes similar to those observed in schizophrenia and depression in humans and can be considered as incomplete experimental models of these pathologies. The social behavior of the GC and PM rats has not been previously studied, and the cognitive abilities of animals of these strains are also insufficiently studied. To determine whether the GC and PM rats have changes in social behavior and spatial learning, behavioral phenotyping was performed in the residentintruder test, three-chamber test, Barnes maze test. Some deviations in social behavior, such as increased offensive aggression in PM rats in the resident-intruder test, increased or decreased social interactions depending on the environment in different tests in GC, were shown. In addition, principal component analysis revealed a negative association between catatonic freezing and the socialization index in the three-chamber test. Decreased locomotor activity of GС rats can adversely affect the performance of tasks on spatial memory. It has been shown that PM rats do not use a spatial strategy in the Barnes maze, which may indicate impairment of learning and spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Plekanchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University
| | - O. I. Prokudina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - M. A. Ryazanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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Prokudina OI, Alekhina TA. Effect of D-serine on Anxiety-like Behavior and Spatial Learning Ability in GC Rats Selected for the Predisposition to Catatonic Reactions. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nakagawa H, Ishiwata T. Effect of short- and long-term heat exposure on brain monoamines and emotional behavior in mice and rats. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:102923. [PMID: 34420602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat exposure affects several physiological, neuronal, and emotional functions. Notably, monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the brain such as noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin, which regulate several basic physiological functions, such as thermoregulation, food intake, and energy balance, are affected by heat exposure and heat acclimation. Furthermore, cognition and emotional states are also affected by heat exposure and changes in brain monoamine levels. Short-term heat exposure has been reported to increase anxiety in some behavioral tests. In contrast, there is a possibility that long-term heat exposure decreases anxiety due to heat acclimation. These changes might be due to adaptation of the core body temperature and/or brain monoamine levels by heat exposure. In this review, we first outline the changes in brain monoamine levels and thereafter focus on changes in emotional behavior due to heat exposure and heat acclimation. Finally, we describe the relationships between emotional behavior and brain monoamine levels during heat acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Community & Human Services, Rikkyo University, 1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama, 352-8558, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ishiwata
- Graduate School of Community & Human Services, Rikkyo University, 1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama, 352-8558, Japan
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6
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Vidal B, Levigoureux E, Chaib S, Bouillot C, Billard T, Newman-Tancredi A, Zimmer L. Different Alterations of Agonist and Antagonist Binding to 5-HT1A Receptor in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia: A MicroPET Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:1257-1269. [DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: The gold-standard treatment for Parkinson’s disease is L-DOPA, which in the long term often leads to levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Serotonergic neurons are partially responsible for this, by converting L-DOPA into dopamine leading to its uncontrolled release as a “false neurotransmitter”. The stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors can reduce involuntary movements but this mechanism is poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the functionality of 5-HT1A receptors using positron emission tomography in hemiparkinsonian rats with or without dyskinesia induced by 3-weeks daily treatment with L-DOPA. Imaging sessions were performed “off” L-DOPA. Methods: Each rat underwent a positron emission tomography scan with [18F]F13640, a 5-HT1AR agonist which labels receptors in a high affinity state for agonists, or with [18F]MPPF, a 5-HT1AR antagonist which labels all the receptors. Results: There were decreases of [18F]MPPF binding in hemiparkinsonian rats in cortical areas. In dyskinetic animals, changes were slighter but also found in other regions. In hemiparkinsonian rats, [18F]F13640 uptake was decreased bilaterally in the globus pallidus and thalamus. On the non-lesioned side, binding was increased in the insula, the hippocampus and the amygdala. In dyskinetic animals, [18F]F13640 binding was strongly increased in cortical and limbic areas, especially in the non-lesioned side. Conclusion: These data suggest that agonist and antagonist 5-HT1A receptor-binding sites are differently modified in Parkinson’s disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. In particular, these observations suggest a substantial involvement of the functional state of 5-HT1AR in levodopa-induced dyskinesia and emphasize the need to characterize this state using agonist radiotracers in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vidal
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Levigoureux
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Chaib
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Thierry Billard
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Bron, France
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Luc Zimmer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Bron, France
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7
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Serotonergic control of the glutamatergic neurons of the subthalamic nucleus. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:423-462. [PMID: 33785138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) houses a dense cluster of glutamatergic neurons that play a central role in the functional dynamics of the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical structures involved in the control of motor behaviors. Numerous anatomical, electrophysiological, neurochemical and behavioral studies have reported that serotonergic neurons from the midbrain raphe nuclei modulate the activity of STN neurons. Here, we describe this serotonergic innervation and the nature of the regulation exerted by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on STN neuron activity. This regulation can occur either directly within the STN or at distal sites, including other structures of the basal ganglia or cortex. The effect of 5-HT on STN neuronal activity involves several 5-HT receptor subtypes, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C and 5-HT4 receptors, which have garnered the highest attention on this topic. The multiple regulatory effects exerted by 5-HT are thought to be modified under pathological conditions, altering the activity of the STN, or due to the benefits and side effects of treatments used for Parkinson's disease, notably the dopamine precursor l-DOPA and high-frequency STN stimulation. Originally understood as a motor center, the STN is also associated with decision making and participates in mood regulation and cognitive performance, two domains of personality that are also regulated by 5-HT. The literature concerning the link between 5-HT and STN is already important, and the functional overlap is evident, but this link is still not entirely understood. The understanding of this link between 5-HT and STN should be increased due to the possible importance of this regulation in the control of fronto-STN loops and inherent motor and non-motor behaviors.
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8
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Abo El Gheit RE, Atef MM, El Deeb OS, Badawi GA, Alshenawy HA, Elwan WM, Arakeep HM, Emam MN. Unique Novel Role of Adropin in a Gastric Ulcer in a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3077-3088. [PMID: 32833426 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, frequently associated with a gastric ulcer. We aimed to investigate the adropin neuroprotective/gastroprotective potential in the indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulcer in a rotenone-induced PD model. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, rotenone/IND treated (PD /Ulcer) group, adropin treated PD/Ulcer group, and l-dopa/omeprazole (Om) treated PD/Ulcer group. There were ten rats selected for the normal control group. Striatal dopamine (DA), apoptosis/redox status, and motor/behavioral impairments were evaluated. Gastric oxidative stress, H+/K+-ATPase activity, prostaglandin E2, mucin content, and von Willebrand factor were measured. Gastric/striatal phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphorylated Akt and gastric vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/striatal P53 immunoreactivities were checked. Striatal P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma)/gastric vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (Vegfr-2) expressions were evaluated. Adropin successfully restored striatal DA and attenuated rotenone-induced motor/behavior deficits along with strong gastroprotective potential, possibly through antioxidant activity via reduction in malondialdehyde level and upregulated superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, and serum ferric reducing antioxidant power. Adropin restored the delicate balance between the defective pro-survival PI3K/Akt/murine double minute 2 signals and apoptotic P53/Puma pathways. Adropin can be considered as a uniquely attractive therapeutic target in PD and its associated gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marwa M. Atef
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Omnia S. El Deeb
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. Badawi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Alshenawy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Walaa M. Elwan
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Arakeep
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Marwa N. Emam
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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9
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Bharatiya R, Chagraoui A, De Deurwaerdere S, Argiolas A, Melis MR, Sanna F, De Deurwaerdere P. Chronic Administration of Fipronil Heterogeneously Alters the Neurochemistry of Monoaminergic Systems in the Rat Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165711. [PMID: 32784929 PMCID: PMC7461054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fipronil (FPN), a widely used pesticide for agricultural and non-agricultural pest control, is possibly neurotoxic for mammals. Brain monoaminergic systems, involved in virtually all brain functions, have been shown to be sensitive to numerous pesticides. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that chronic exposure to FPN could modify brain monoamine neurochemistry. FPN (10 mg/kg) was chronically administered for 21 days through oral gavage in rats. Thereafter, the tissue concentrations of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid; serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA); and noradrenaline (NA) were measured in 30 distinct brain regions. FPN significantly decreased DA and its metabolite levels in most striatal territories, including the nucleus accumbens and the substantia nigra (SN). FPN also diminished 5-HT levels in some striatal regions and the SN. The indirect index of the turnovers, DOPAC/DA and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios, was increased in numerous brain regions. FPN reduced the NA content only in the nucleus accumbens core. Using the Bravais–Pearson test to study the neurochemical organization of monoamines through multiple correlative analyses across the brain, we found fewer correlations for NA, DOPAC/DA, and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios, and an altered pattern of correlations within and between monoamine systems. We therefore conclude that the chronic administration of FPN in rats induces massive and inhomogeneous changes in the DA and 5-HT systems in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bharatiya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (R.B.); (A.A.); (M.R.M.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), 146 rue Léo Saignat, B.P.281, F-33000 Bordeaux CEDEX, France;
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Salomé De Deurwaerdere
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), 146 rue Léo Saignat, B.P.281, F-33000 Bordeaux CEDEX, France;
| | - Antonio Argiolas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (R.B.); (A.A.); (M.R.M.)
- Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Cagliari Section, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (R.B.); (A.A.); (M.R.M.)
- Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (R.B.); (A.A.); (M.R.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (P.D.D.); Tel.: +39-070-675-4330 (F.S.); +33-557-571-290 (P.D.D.)
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdere
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), 146 rue Léo Saignat, B.P.281, F-33000 Bordeaux CEDEX, France;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (P.D.D.); Tel.: +39-070-675-4330 (F.S.); +33-557-571-290 (P.D.D.)
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Chagraoui A, Boulain M, Juvin L, Anouar Y, Barrière G, De Deurwaerdère P. L-DOPA in Parkinson's Disease: Looking at the "False" Neurotransmitters and Their Meaning. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010294. [PMID: 31906250 PMCID: PMC6981630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) has been successfully used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) for more than 50 years. It fulfilled the criteria to cross the blood–brain barrier and counteract the biochemical defect of dopamine (DA). It remarkably worked after some adjustments in line with the initial hypothesis, leaving a poor place to the plethora of mechanisms involving other neurotransmitters or mechanisms of action beyond newly synthesized DA itself. Yet, its mechanism of action is far from clear. It involves numerous distinct cell populations and does not mimic the mechanism of action of dopaminergic agonists. L-DOPA-derived DA is mainly released by serotonergic neurons as a false neurotransmitter, and serotonergic neurons are involved in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. The brain pattern and magnitude of DA extracellular levels together with this status of false neurotransmitters suggest that the striatal effects of DA via this mechanism would be minimal. Other metabolic products coming from newly formed DA or through the metabolism of L-DOPA itself could be involved. These compounds can be trace amines and derivatives. They could accumulate within the terminals of the remaining monoaminergic neurons. These “false neurotransmitters,” also known for some of them as inducing an “amphetamine-like” mechanism, could reduce the content of biogenic amines in terminals of monoaminergic neurons, thereby impairing the exocytotic process of monoamines including L-DOPA-induced DA extracellular outflow. The aim of this review is to present the mechanism of action of L-DOPA with a specific attention to “false neurotransmission.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239 CHU de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (A.C.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, CHU de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie Boulain
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France; (M.B.); (L.J.); (G.B.)
| | - Laurent Juvin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France; (M.B.); (L.J.); (G.B.)
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239 CHU de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (A.C.); (Y.A.)
| | - Grégory Barrière
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France; (M.B.); (L.J.); (G.B.)
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287), 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX, France; (M.B.); (L.J.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-0-557-57-12-90
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11
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Vegas-Suarez S, Paredes-Rodriguez E, Aristieta A, Lafuente JV, Miguelez C, Ugedo L. Dysfunction of serotonergic neurons in Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 146:259-279. [PMID: 31349930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, the depletion of striatal dopamine and the presence of Lewy aggregates containing alpha-synuclein. Clinically, there are motor impairments involving cardinal movement symptoms, bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscle rigidity, and postural abnormalities, along with non-motor symptoms such as sleep, behavior and mood disorders. The current treatment for PD focuses on restoring dopaminergic neurotransmission by l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa), which loses therapeutic efficacy and induces disabling abnormal involuntary movements known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) after several years. Evidence indicates that the pathophysiology of both PD and LID disorders is also associated with the dysfunctional activity of the serotonergic (5-HT) neurons that may be responsible for motor and non-motor disturbances. The main population of 5-HT neurons is located in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN), which provides extensive innervation to almost the entire neuroaxis and controls multiple functions in the brain. The degeneration of DRN 5-HT neurons occurs in early PD. These neurons can also take exogenous levodopa to transform it into dopamine, which may disturb neuron activity. This review will provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms responsible for 5-HT dysfunction and its clinical relevance in PD and dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vegas-Suarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elena Paredes-Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Asier Aristieta
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jose V Lafuente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Nanosurgery, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
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12
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Hamada M, Nishigawa T, Maesono S, Aso K, Ikeda H, Furuse M. Decreased stress-induced depression-like behavior in lactating rats is associated with changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. Stress 2019; 22:482-491. [PMID: 30838897 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1584179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression-like behavior during lactation may relate to changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. This study investigated how the behavior, HPA axis activity, brain monoamines, and brain free amino acid metabolism of rats were changed by stress or lactation period. Rats were separated into four groups: (1) control lactating (n = 6), (2) stress lactating (n = 6), (3) control virgin (n = 7), and (4) stress virgin (n = 7) and restrained for 30 min a total of ten times (once every other day) from postnatal day (PND) 1. Depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test (FST) on PND 10 and concentration of corticosterone in plasma, as well as monoamines and L-amino acids including β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, cystathionine, 3-methyl-histidine and taurine in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus on PND 19 were measured. The plasma corticosterone concentration, measured just after restraint stress, was significantly higher in the stress groups, versus the control groups, but there were no significant differences between control and stress lactating groups. Depression-like behavior (immobility) in the FST was significantly lower in the lactating groups, versus the virgin groups. Stress enhanced dopamine and glutamate, and decreased threonine and glycine concentrations in the hypothalamus. In addition, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), threonine and ornithine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in the lactating groups compared with the virgin groups. Changes in plasma corticosterone concentration, monoamine, and amino acid metabolism may relate to stress-induced depression-like behavior in lactating rats. Lay summary This study revealed that reduced depression-like behavior in lactating, relative to virgin rats, was associated with changes in monoamine and amino acid metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. In addition, the effect of stress on monoamine and amino acid metabolism is prominently observed in the hypothalamus and may be related to neuroendocrine stress axis activity and secretion of corticosterone. This study suggested that stress-induced depression-like behavior may be associated with several changes in the stress axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. These parameters were associated with attenuated depression-like behavior in lactating rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hamada
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takuma Nishigawa
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Saori Maesono
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Kenta Aso
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeda
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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El-Esawy R, Balaha M, Kandeel S, Hadya S, El-Rahman MNA. Filgrastim (G-CSF) ameliorates Parkinsonism l -dopa therapy’s drawbacks in mice. BASAL GANGLIA 2018; 13:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Gosselin T, Le Guisquet AM, Brizard B, Hommet C, Minier F, Belzung C. Fluoxetine induces paradoxical effects in C57BL6/J mice: comparison with BALB/c mice. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 28:466-476. [PMID: 28609327 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The C57BL6/J mouse is the most commonly used strain in genetic investigations and behavioural tests. However, only a few studies have used C57BL6/J mice to assess the effects of antidepressant compounds. We carried out a study to compare the behavioural effects of fluoxetine (FLX) in a model of depression in two mice strains: C57BL6/J and BALB/c. We used an 8-week unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol during which FLX was administered (15 mg/kg, oral) from the third week to the end of the protocol. We found that UCMS induced degradation of the coat state in the two strains. Moreover, as expected, we observed that FLX elicited antidepressant-like effects in the BALB/c mice by reducing the coat state deterioration and the latency of grooming in splash test. However, in the C57BL6/J mice, it did not induce this action, but instead triggered an opposite effect: an increased sniffing latency in the novelty suppression of feeding test. We conclude that FLX exerts a paradoxical effect in the C57Bl6/J strain. This observation is consistent with some clinical features of hyper-reactivity to FLX observed in humans. Therefore, the UCMS protocol used in C57Bl6/J mice could be a good model to study the mechanisms of the paradoxical effects caused by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gosselin
- INSERM U930, Team 'Affective disorders', University of François Rabelais, Tours, France
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Urinary sulphatoxymelatonin as a biomarker of serotonin status in biogenic amine-deficient patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14675. [PMID: 29116116 PMCID: PMC5676966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is synthesized from serotonin and it is excreted as sulphatoxymelatonin in urine. We aim to evaluate urinary sulphatoxymelatonin as a biomarker of brain serotonin status in a cohort of patients with mutations in genes related to serotonin biosynthesis. We analized urinary sulphatoxymelatonin from 65 healthy subjects and from 28 patients with genetic defects. A total of 18 patients were studied: 14 with autosomal dominant and recessive guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-I deficiency; 3 with sepiapterin reductase deficiency; and 1 with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Further 11 patients were studied after receiving serotoninergic treatment (serotonin precursors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors): 5 with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency; 1 with sepiapterin reductase deficiency; 3 with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency; and 2 with 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency. Among the patients without therapy, 6 presented low urinary sulphatoxymelatonin values, while most of the patients with guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-I deficiency showed normal values. 5 of 11 patients under treatment presented low urine sulphatoxymelatonin values. Thus, decreased excretion of sulphatoxymelatonin is frequently observed in cases with severe genetic disorders affecting serotonin biosynthesis. In conclusion, sulphatoxymelatonin can be a good biomarker to estimate serotonin status in the brain, especially for treatment monitoring purposes.
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Miguelez C, Benazzouz A, Ugedo L, De Deurwaerdère P. Impairment of Serotonergic Transmission by the Antiparkinsonian Drug L-DOPA: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:274. [PMID: 28955204 PMCID: PMC5600927 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between the anti-Parkinsonian drug L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and the serotonergic (5-HT) system has been long established and has received increased attention during the last decade. Most studies have focused on the fact that L-DOPA can be transformed into dopamine (DA) and released from 5-HT terminals, which is especially important for the management of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In patients, treatment using L-DOPA also impacts 5-HT neurotransmission; however, few studies have investigated the mechanisms of this effect. The purpose of this review is to summarize the electrophysiological and neurochemical data concerning the effects of L-DOPA on 5-HT cell function. This review will argue that L-DOPA disrupts the link between the electrical activity of 5-HT neurons and 5-HT release as well as that between 5-HT release and extracellular 5-HT levels. These effects are caused by the actions of L-DOPA and DA in 5-HT neurons, which affect 5-HT neurotransmission from the biosynthesis of 5-HT to the impairment of the 5-HT transporter. The interaction between L-DOPA and 5-HT transmission is especially relevant in those Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients that suffer dyskinesia, comorbid anxiety or depression, since the efficacy of antidepressants or 5-HT compounds may be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Abdelhamid Benazzouz
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5293Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293Bordeaux, France
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5293Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293Bordeaux, France
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De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G, Millan MJ. Expanding the repertoire of L-DOPA's actions: A comprehensive review of its functional neurochemistry. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 151:57-100. [PMID: 27389773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Though a multi-facetted disorder, Parkinson's disease is prototypically characterized by neurodegeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to a severe disruption of motor function. Accordingly, L-DOPA, the metabolic precursor of dopamine (DA), is well-established as a treatment for the motor deficits of Parkinson's disease despite long-term complications such as dyskinesia and psychiatric side-effects. Paradoxically, however, despite the traditional assumption that L-DOPA is transformed in residual striatal dopaminergic neurons into DA, the mechanism of action of L-DOPA is neither simple nor entirely clear. Herein, focussing on its influence upon extracellular DA and other neuromodulators in intact animals and experimental models of Parkinson's disease, we highlight effects other than striatal generation of DA in the functional profile of L-DOPA. While not excluding a minor role for glial cells, L-DOPA is principally transformed into DA in neurons yet, interestingly, with a more important role for serotonergic than dopaminergic projections. Moreover, in addition to the striatum, L-DOPA evokes marked increases in extracellular DA in frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, the subthalamic nucleus and additional extra-striatal regions. In considering its functional profile, it is also important to bear in mind the marked (probably indirect) influence of L-DOPA upon cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the basal ganglia and/or cortex, while anomalous serotonergic transmission is incriminated in the emergence of L-DOPA elicited dyskinesia and psychosis. Finally, L-DOPA may exert intrinsic receptor-mediated actions independently of DA neurotransmission and can be processed into bioactive metabolites. In conclusion, L-DOPA exerts a surprisingly complex pattern of neurochemical effects of much greater scope that mere striatal transformation into DA in spared dopaminergic neurons. Their further experimental and clinical clarification should help improve both L-DOPA-based and novel strategies for controlling the motor and other symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR CNRS 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Mark J Millan
- Institut de Recherche Servier, Pole for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, 78290 Croissy/Seine,Paris, France
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Sivamaruthi BS, Madhumita R, Balamurugan K, Rajan KE. Cronobacter sakazakii infection alters serotonin transporter and improved fear memory retention in the rat. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:188. [PMID: 26388777 PMCID: PMC4560023 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that Cronobacter sakazakii infection cause septicemia, necrotizing enterocolitis and meningitis. In the present study, we tested whether the C. sakazakii infection alter the learning and memory through serotonin transporter (SERT). To investigate the possible effect on SERT, on postnatal day-15 (PND-15), wistar rat pups were administered with single dose of C. sakazakii culture (infected group; 107 CFU) or 100 μL of Luria-Bertani broth (medium control) or without any treatment (naïve control). All the individuals were subjected to passive avoidance test on PND-30 to test their fear memory. We show that single dose of C. sakazakii infection improved fear memory retention. Subsequently, we show that C. sakazakii infection induced the activation of toll-like receptor-3 and heat-shock proteins-90 (Hsp-90). On the other hand, level of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and SERT protein was down-regulated. Furthermore, we show that C. sakazakii infection up-regulate microRNA-16 (miR-16) expression. The observed results highlight that C. sakazakii infections was responsible for improved fear memory retention and may have reduced the level of SERT protein, which is possibly associated with the interaction of up-regulated Hsp-90 with SERT protein or miR-16 with SERT mRNA. Taken together, observed results suggest that C. sakazakii infection alter the fear memory possibly through SERT. Hence, this model may be effective to test the C. sakazakii infection induced changes in synaptic plasticity through SERT and effect of other pharmacological agents against pathogen induced memory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi S Sivamaruthi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Rajkumar Madhumita
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Koilmani E Rajan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli, India
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