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Haney AM, Warner OM, McMullin SD, Motschman CA, Trull TJ, McCarthy DM. Using mobile technology to influence alcohol-impaired driving risk perceptions and decisions. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2024; 38:47-55. [PMID: 37141035 PMCID: PMC10624646 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite significant individual and societal risk, alcohol-impaired driving (AID) remains prevalent in the United States. Our aim was to determine whether breathalyzer-cued warning messages administered via mobile devices in the natural drinking environment could influence real-world AID cognitions and behaviors. METHOD One hundred twenty young adults (53% women; mean age = 24.7) completed 6 weeks of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and provided breathalyzer samples using a BACtrack Mobile Pro linked to their mobile device. On mornings after drinking episodes, participants reported their driving activities from the previous evening (787 episodes). Participants were randomly assigned to receive warning messages if they reached a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) ≥ .05, or no messages. Participants in the warnings condition reported their willingness to drive and perceived danger of driving at EMA prompts (1,541 reports). RESULTS We observed a significant effect of condition, such that the association between cumulative AID engagement and driving after reaching a BrAC of .05 was dampened among individuals in the warnings condition, compared to those in the no warnings condition. Receiving a warning message was associated with increased momentary perceived danger of driving and decreased willingness to drive. CONCLUSIONS We found that BrAC-cued warning messages reduced the probability of AID and willingness to drive while impaired, and increased the perceived danger of driving after drinking. These results serve as proof-of-concept for the use of mobile technology to deliver an adaptive just-in-time intervention to reduce the probability of AID. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Haney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | - Olivia M Warner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | - Sara D McMullin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | | | - Timothy J Trull
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
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Hasan R, Watson B, Haworth N, Oviedo-Trespalacios O. What contributes to drug driving? An exploratory investigation into the influence of problematic substance use, roadside testing and alternative transport options. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2023; 184:106990. [PMID: 36791605 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.106990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite a strong reliance on enforcement approaches to prevent drug driving in Australia, this behaviour is still prevalent. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of problematic drug use (i.e., showing indications of addiction), exposure to roadside drug testing, the use of detection avoidance strategies, and perceptions relating to alternative transport options on drug driving among illicit drug users. A total of 1,541 licensed drivers from the states of Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria completed an online survey. The survey collected demographic and problematic substance use information, as well as items assessing drug driving behaviour. Cannabis was reported to be the most commonly used drug (36.0%); the most common drug of problematic use (27.9%), and the drug most often taken prior to driving (43.5%). Observing police operating Roadside Drug Tests (RDT) was more common among the participants than being tested by RDT (35.7% vs 23%). The results indicated a significant association between being a drug driver and observing or being tested by RDT. The drug drivers were significantly more likely to report using a range of strategies to avoid police detection than the non-drug drivers. Similarly, the drug drivers reported that it was more difficult for them to use various alternative transport options than the non-drug drivers. Decision tree analyses found that significant predictors of self-reported drug driving were problematic drug use, holding a provisional or probationary licence, earning a low- or middle-income, and using detection avoidance strategies like remaining watchful for police vehicles and taking back streets. The findings of this study suggest that ongoing improvements to drug driving enforcement will need to be complemented by health-based approaches designed to reduce drug abuse and dependence, and improvements to public transport, in order to achieve a sustainable reduction in drug driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razi Hasan
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety- Queensland (CARRS-Q), K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Barry Watson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety- Queensland (CARRS-Q), K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Narelle Haworth
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety- Queensland (CARRS-Q), K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Section of Safety and Security Science, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands.
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de Andrade D, Button K, Coomber K, Taylor N, Ferris J, Curtis A, Miller PG. Investigating the relationship between inaccurate blood alcohol concentration estimates, harm and other negative consequences. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:467-475. [PMID: 36449348 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol-related harms place a significant burden on the Australian economy and health-care system. The current study aims to: (i) explore the relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and self-estimated blood alcohol concentration (EBAC); and (ii) determine whether BAC underestimation is related to an increased risk of experiencing physical aggression, verbal aggression, drink driving, ejection from a venue or refusal of service. METHODS Patron street surveys were conducted in four night-time entertainment precincts (NEP) across Queensland, Australia, between June 2016 and November 2018. Participants (N = 2144) reported on their EBAC and recent negative or harmful experiences in NEPs. BAC was measured via a breathalyser. Paired samples t tests were conducted to determine if patrons' BAC and EBAC were significantly different. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine whether BAC underestimation is a significant predictor of harm and negative outcomes. RESULTS Analyses identified a small, significant difference between patron's BAC and EBAC. Patrons with a low BAC were more likely to overestimate their BAC, while patrons with higher BACs were more likely to underestimate their BAC. Moderately intoxicated patrons had the most precise BAC estimations. Patrons with a high BAC and who underestimated their intoxication level were more likely to have been recently ejected from licensed venues, compared to accurate estimators or over-estimators. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, patrons are poor evaluators of their own intoxication level, which may have implications for their experiences in NEPs. The findings highlight the need for improved BAC education for patrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique de Andrade
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kira Button
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kerri Coomber
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nicholas Taylor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ashlee Curtis
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Peter G Miller
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Menzies Research Institute, Darwin, Australia
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Wang T, Wang Y, Cui N. Traffic costs of air pollution: the effect of PM 2.5 on traffic violation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:72699-72717. [PMID: 35614355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although emerging studies have investigated the effect of air pollution on traffic crashes, it is unclear to scholars whether air pollution affects another road safety problem-traffic violations. To address this gap, the current paper constructs a data set from 1,390,221 traffic violation records of 640,971 drivers from the Wuhan Traffic Management Bureau between January 2018 and December 2018. An ordered logistic regression was conducted to verify our hypotheses. The result shows that PM2.5 has no overall impact on the severity of traffic violations, but each 1% increase in the daily concentration of PM2.5 leads to a 1.02-fold increase in the odds of serious inexperience-related violations and a 0.99-fold decrease in the odds of serious overconfidence-related violations. This effect is the strongest in PM2.5, followed by NO2, and has not been observed in CO and O3. In addition, robustness tests indicate that the relationship between air pollution and traffic violations is consistent among the different subsets (e.g., clear weather, no rain and snow, and good visibility). We also provide valuable practical advice for drivers and traffic authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Research Center For Organizational Marketing of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Cui
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Simmons SM, Caird JK, Sterzer F, Asbridge M. The effects of cannabis and alcohol on driving performance and driver behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2022; 117:1843-1856. [PMID: 35083810 DOI: 10.1111/add.15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cannabis and alcohol are frequently detected in fatal and injury motor vehicle crashes. While epidemiological meta-analyses of cannabis and alcohol have found associations with an increase in crash risk, convergent evidence from driving performance measures is insufficiently quantitatively characterized. Our objectives were to quantify the magnitude of the effect of cannabis and alcohol-alone and in combination-on driving performance and behaviour. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and TRID. Of the 616 studies that underwent full-text review, this meta-analysis represents 57 studies and 1725 participants. We extracted data for hazard response time, lateral position variability, lane deviations or excursions, time out of lane, driving speed, driving speed variability, speed violations, time speeding, headway, headway variability and crashes from experimental driving studies (i.e. driving simulator, closed-course, on-road) involving cannabis and/or alcohol administration. We reported meta-analyses of effect sizes using Hedges' g and r. RESULTS Cannabis alone was associated with impaired lateral control [e.g. g = 0.331, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.212-0.451 for lateral position variability; g = 0.198, 95% CI = 0.001-0.395 for lane excursions) and decreased driving speed (g = -0.176, 95% CI = -0.298 to -0.053]. The combination of cannabis and alcohol was associated with greater driving performance decrements than either drug in isolation [e.g. g = 0.480, 95% CI = 0.096-0.865 for lateral position variability (combination versus alcohol); g = 0.525, 95% CI = 0.049-1.002 for time out of lane (versus alcohol); g = 0.336, 95% CI = 0.036-0.636 for lateral position variability (combination versus cannabis; g = 0.475, 95% CI = 0.002-0.949 for time out of lane (combination versus cannabis)]. Subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of cannabis on driving performance measures were similar to low blood alcohol concentrations. A scarcity of data and study heterogeneity limited the interpretation of some measures. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates that cannabis, like alcohol, impairs driving, and the combination of the two drugs is more detrimental to driving performance than either in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Simmons
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff K Caird
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frances Sterzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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da Costa BRB, Freitas BT, Caleffo Piva Bigão VL, Perdoná GDSC, De Martinis BS. Alcohol and Alcohol Combined with Texting: Evaluation of Driving Impairment Effects in a Closed-Course Section. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1808-1817. [PMID: 35997035 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2115850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the driving impairment effects of alcohol alone and of alcohol combined with texting. METHODS Fifteen drivers (nine male, six female; mean age: 31.1 ± 6.9 years, range: 23 to 43 years) with similar drinking habit (i.e., social drinkers) completed a lap in a closed-course section in six different situations: (I) sober; (II) sober and while texting; (III) 30 minutes after ingesting a moderate dose of ethanol (0.50 g/kg); (IV) 30 minutes after drinking and while texting; (V) 60 minutes after drinking, (VI) 60 minutes after drinking and while texting. Driving performance was analyzed by means of maximum and mean speed, braking time and braking distance; and ability to control the car (i.e., evaluating if the drivers hit a traffic cone or exceeded the boundaries of the course). P values of < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Pre and post-alcohol consumption results show a significant increase concerning the drivers' mean and maximum speed after drinking (p < 3.2x10-8). However, neither alcohol nor texting had significant effects on braking parameters (p > 0.05). Traffic cones were knocked down only in texting experiments. In addition, when using the cell phone drivers tended to reduce the speed, and to accelerate abruptly right after they finish texting. CONCLUSION Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that even moderate alcohol doses may significantly impair the driving performance. Additionally, alcohol and texting have complementary effects on driving impairment, and their combination represents a significant risk factor for crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Toledo Freitas
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Spinosa De Martinis
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Köchling J, Geis B, Chao CM, Dieks JK, Wirth S, Hensel KO. The hazardous (mis)perception of Self-estimated Alcohol intoxication and Fitness to drivE-an avoidable health risk: the SAFE randomised trial. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:122. [PMID: 34872586 PMCID: PMC8650558 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, alcohol-related road traffic accidents represent a major avoidable health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of self-estimating the degree of acute alcohol intoxication regarding the legal driving limit, and to identify risk factors for misjudgement. METHODS In this prospective randomised controlled crossover trial, 90 social drinkers (mean age 23.9 ± 3.5 years, 50% female) consumed either beer or wine. Study group subjects were made aware when exceeding the legal driving limit (BrAC = 0.05%). Controls received no information about their BrAC. For crossover, beer or wine were consumed in the opposite order. RESULTS 39-53% of all participants exceeded the legal driving limit whilst under the impression to be still permitted to drive. Self-estimation was significantly more accurate on study day 2 (p = 0.009). Increasing BrAC positively correlated with self-estimation inaccuracy, which was reproducible during crossover. Multiple regression analysis revealed fast drinking and higher alcohol levels as independent risk factors for inaccurate self-estimation. CONCLUSIONS Social drinkers are commonly unaware of exceeding the legal driving limit when consuming alcohol. Self-estimating alcohol intoxication can be improved through awareness. Dedicated awareness programs, social media campaigns and government advice communications should be utilised to address this avoidable hazard. Trial registration The trial was registered prospectively at the Witten/Herdecke University Ethics Committee (trial registration number 140/2016 on 04/11/2016) and at the DRKS-German Clinical Trials Register (trial registration number DRKS00015285 on 08/22/2018-Retrospectively registered). Trial protocol can be accessed online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jöran Köchling
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Medical Centre Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Berit Geis
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology (IMBE), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- University Medical Center Rostock, Department of Paediatrics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jana-K Dieks
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirth
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Medical Centre Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Kai O Hensel
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Medical Centre Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. .,Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Yadav AK, Velaga NR. Alcohol-impaired driving in rural and urban road environments: Effect on speeding behaviour and crash probabilities. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 140:105512. [PMID: 32234551 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Speeding behaviour is known to influence crash risk among alcohol-impaired drivers, but this relationship is scarcely explored. The present study investigated the effects of different Blood Alcohol Concentrations (BAC) levels on driving performance with respect to mean speed of drivers and their ability to avoid crashes during sudden events while driving. Eighty-two drivers participated in the simulation driving experiment at four BAC levels (0%, 0.03 %, 0.05 % and 0.08 % BAC) in rural and urban driving scenarios. Two sudden events (pedestrian crossing and road crossing by parked vehicles (a car and a truck) in the perpendicular direction of traffic) were designed to evaluate the crash probabilities in both the driving scenarios. Generalized linear mixed models were developed to analyse the effects of BAC levels and driver attributes (e.g., age, gender) on mean speeds and crash probabilities. Results for mean speed showed that, compared to sober state, drivers drove 3.5 kmph, 5.76 kmph and 8.78 kmph faster at 0.03 %, 0.05 % and 0.08 % BAC respectively in the rural environment and this increment was 3.6 kmph, 3.69 kmph and 4.13 kmph in the urban environment. The model results for crash probabilities revealed that 0.03 %, 0.05 % and 0.08 % BAC levels increased the crash probabilities by 1.9 times, 2 times and 3 times in case of the rural environment and 2 times, 2.3 times and 3.5 times respectively in the urban driving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Yadav
- Transportation Systems Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
| | - Nagendra R Velaga
- Transportation Systems Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
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Laboratory analysis of driving behavior and self-perceived physiological impairment at 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.08% blood alcohol concentrations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107630. [PMID: 31648105 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-impaired driving is a critical factor leading to traffic crashes worldwide. Since decades, researchers from the developed nations have been investigating the effects of alcohol intoxication on their drivers. However, alcohol effects on the drivers of developing counties remain understudied. The extent of alcohol impairment may vary among the drivers of developed and developing nations due to the differences in drivers' physiology, driving conditions, drinking habits, policy enforcement and driving attitude. METHODS This study examined the effects of different Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) levels (0%, 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.08%) on 75 licensed Indian drivers (56 males and 19 females) with the help of a fixed-base driving simulator. Subjects completed driving simulations for all the BAC levels in a driving environment representing heterogeneous traffic conditions. Performance measures included longitudinal and lateral driving control indicators (obtained from simulator) along with the self-reported physiological changes in the drivers (obtained from questionnaire) with varying BAC levels. RESULTS Mean speed was the only performance measure significantly affected at 0.03% BAC. At 0.05% BAC, mean speed and mean steering wheel angle were the two significantly impaired measures. At 0.08% BAC, all the driving performance measures showed significant impairment except steering wheel angle variability. Physiological characteristics of drivers deteriorated with rising BAC levels. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol significantly impaired the physiology of Indian drivers resulting in impairment in their driving performance. Mean speed was the only performance measure significantly affected by all the BAC levels, making it a suitable parameter to detect the alcohol-impaired state of the drivers.
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“Just a Habit”: Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis as Ordinary, Convenient, and Controllable Experiences According to Drivers in a Remedial Program. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042619842375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Perception of intoxication in a field study of the night-time economy: Blood alcohol concentration, patron characteristics, and event-level predictors. Addict Behav 2018; 76:195-200. [PMID: 28846940 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the relationship of subjective intoxication to blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and examine whether patron and event-level characteristics modify the relationship of BAC to subjective intoxication. METHODS An in-situ systematic random sample of alcohol consumers attending night-time entertainment districts between 10pm and 3am on Friday and Saturday nights in five Australian cities completed a brief interview (n=4628). Participants reported age, sex, and pre-drinking, energy drink, tobacco, illicit stimulant and other illicit drug use that night, and their subjective intoxication and BAC were assessed. RESULTS Male and female drinkers displayed equally low sensitivity to the impact of alcohol consumption when self-assessing their intoxication (BAC only explained 19% of variance). The marginal effect of BAC was not constant. At low BAC, participants were somewhat sensitive to increases in alcohol consumption, but at higher BAC levels that modest sensitivity dissipated (actual BAC had less impact on self-assessed intoxication). The slope ultimately leveled out to be non-responsive to additional alcohol intake. Staying out late, pre-drinking, and being young introduced biases resulting in higher self-assessed intoxication regardless of actual BAC. Further, both energy drinks and stimulant use modified the association between BAC and perceived intoxication, resulting in more compressed changes in self-assessment as BAC varies up or down, indicating less ability to perceive differences in BAC level. CONCLUSIONS The ability of intoxicated patrons to detect further intoxication is impaired. Co-consumption of energy drinks and/or stimulant drugs is associated with impaired intoxication judgment, creating an additional challenge for the responsible service and consumption of alcohol.
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Rossheim ME, Barry AE, Thombs DL, Weiler RM, Krall JR, Stephenson CJ, Walters ST, Reed MB, Clapp JD, Suzuki S, Barnett TE, Cannell MB. Factors Associated with Self-Estimated Breath Alcohol Concentration Among Bar Patrons. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1492-1501. [PMID: 28683518 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the context in which drinkers underestimate their breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) in natural drinking environments. This study examined factors associated with bar patrons' self-estimated BrAC in high-risk college town settings. METHODS Guided interview and BrAC data were collected from 510 participants recruited as they exited bars located close to large universities: 1 in Florida and 1 in Texas. RESULTS Participants with the highest measured BrACs underestimated their BrAC levels the most. Findings from multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that BrAC (std β = 0.014, p < 0.001), number of alcoholic drinks consumed (std β = 0.006, p < 0.01), and perceived drunkenness (std β = 0.024, p < 0.001) had significant positive associations with BrAC self-estimates, where the regression coefficients were scaled by values approximately equal to each variable's interquartile range. Among the 321 participants with BrAC levels ≥ 0.08 g/dl, 21.2% believed their BrAC was below the legal per se driving limit of 0.08 g/dl. Results from a logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of perceived drunkenness were associated with better self-recognition that one's BrAC level exceeded the legal driving threshold (OR = 3.312, p < 0.001). Further, participants under 26 years of age had reduced odds of recognizing that their BrAC was greater than 0.079 g/dl (OR = 0.245, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the inaccuracy of self-estimated BrAC when drinking, particularly among younger drinkers. Adjusting for BrAC, situational factors were strongly associated with self-estimated BrAC. Future research is needed to better understand how altering drinking environments may improve accuracy of BrAC self-estimates and deter driving after drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Dennis L Thombs
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Robert M Weiler
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Jenna R Krall
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Caroline J Stephenson
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Scott T Walters
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Mark B Reed
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - John D Clapp
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sumihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Tracey E Barnett
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - M Brad Cannell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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Rezaee-Zavareh MS, Salamati P, Ramezani-Binabaj M, Saeidnejad M, Rousta M, Shokraneh F, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Alcohol consumption for simulated driving performance: A systematic review. Chin J Traumatol 2017; 20:166-172. [PMID: 28502603 PMCID: PMC5473736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol consumption can lead to risky driving and increase the frequency of traffic accidents, injuries and mortalities. The main purpose of our study was to compare simulated driving performance between two groups of drivers, one consumed alcohol and the other not consumed, using a systematic review. METHODS In this systematic review, electronic resources and databases including Medline via Ovid SP, EMBASE via Ovid SP, PsycINFO via Ovid SP, PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL) via EBSCOhost were comprehensively and systematically searched. The randomized controlled clinical trials that compared simulated driving performance between two groups of drivers, one consumed alcohol and the other not consumed, were included. Lane position standard deviation (LPSD), mean of lane position deviation (MLPD), speed, mean of speed deviation (MSD), standard deviation of speed deviation (SDSD), number of accidents (NA) and line crossing (LC) were considered as the main parameters evaluating outcomes. After title and abstract screening, the articles were enrolled for data extraction and they were evaluated for risk of biases. RESULTS Thirteen papers were included in our qualitative synthesis. All included papers were classified as high risk of biases. Alcohol consumption mostly deteriorated the following performance outcomes in descending order: SDSD, LPSD, speed, MLPD, LC and NA. Our systematic review had troublesome heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Alcohol consumption may decrease simulated driving performance in alcohol consumed people compared with non-alcohol consumed people via changes in SDSD, LPSD, speed, MLPD, LC and NA. More well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Payman Salamati
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mina Saeidnejad
- Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Rousta
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Shokraneh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Iranian Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Irwin C, Iudakhina E, Desbrow B, McCartney D. Effects of acute alcohol consumption on measures of simulated driving: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 102:248-266. [PMID: 28343124 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Driving simulators are used in a wide range of research settings to help develop an understanding of driver behavior in complex environments. Acute alcohol impairment is an important research topic for traffic safety and a large number of studies have indicated levels of simulated driving impairment imposed by alcohol across a range of performance outcome variables. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of acute alcohol consumption on simulated driving performance by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence. The online databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science (via Thomas Reuters) and Scopus were searched to identify studies that measured simulated car driving performance under control ('no alcohol' or 'placebo alcohol' ingestion) and intervention (acute alcohol ingestion) conditions, using repeated-measures experimental designs. Primary research outcomes were standard deviation of lane position (SDLP) and standard deviation of speed (SDSP); (total number of lane crossings (LC) and average speed (Speed) were secondary research outcomes). Meta-analytic procedures were used to quantify the effect of acute alcohol consumption on vehicle control, and to determine the influence of methodological variables (i.e. the duration of the simulated driving task, the limb of the BAC curve (ascending vs. descending) and the type of driving simulator employed (i.e. car vs. PC-based)) on the magnitude of the performance change due to alcohol consumption. 423 records were screened, and 50 repeated-measures trials (n=962 participants, 62% male) derived from 17 original publications were reviewed. 37 trials (n=721 participants) used a 'placebo alcohol' comparator to determine the effect of alcohol consumption on SDLP (32/37) and SDSP (22/37). Alcohol consumption significantly increased SDLP by 4.0±0.5cm (95% CI: 3.0, 5.1) and SDSP by 0.38±0.10km⋅h-1 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.57). Regression analyses indicate BAC (p=0.004) and driving simulator platform (p<0.001) influence the magnitude of the SDLP change, such that higher BAC levels and the use of PC-based driving simulators were associated with larger performance decrements (R2=0.80). The limb of the BAC curve and the duration of the driving task did not significantly alter the magnitude of the performance change. Eleven trials (n=205 participants) used a 'no alcohol' comparator to measure the effect of alcohol consumption on SDLP (10/11); few trials assessed SDSP (3/11). Alcohol consumption resulted in a small significant increase in SDLP under these conditions (standardized difference in means=0.23, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.39). These results demonstrate that lateral (SDLP and LC) and longitudinal (SDSP) vehicle control measures in a driving simulator are impaired with acute alcohol consumption. However, SDLP appears to be a more sensitive indicator of driving impairment than other driving performance variables and the results of the present study support its use as a performance outcome when examining alcohol-induced simulated driving impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Irwin
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Elizaveta Iudakhina
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ben Desbrow
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Danielle McCartney
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Roberts W, Fillmore MT. Curbing the DUI offender's self-efficacy to drink and drive: A laboratory study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 172:73-79. [PMID: 28152449 PMCID: PMC5309158 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) are at high risk to reoffend. One reason for this high rate of recidivism among DUI offenders is that these individuals systematically underestimate the degree to which alcohol impairs their ability to drive. This study compared perceived and objective driving ability following alcohol and performance feedback in drivers with and without a history of DUI. METHOD Adult drivers with (n=20) and without (n=20) a history of DUI arrest attended two dose challenge sessions where they received 0.64g/kg alcohol or placebo, completed a simulated driving task, and provided measures of subjective impairment. They attended a third retesting session where they received feedback that they were impaired by alcohol. They received 0.64g/kg alcohol and their objective and perceived driving ability was retested. RESULTS Both groups showed significant impairment of driving performance following 0.64g/kg alcohol compared to placebo. DUI offenders rated themselves as less impaired than controls. After performance feedback, self-reported impairment during the alcohol retest increased for DUI offenders but not for controls. There was no effect of performance feedback on objective driving ability. CONCLUSIONS These results support the notion that under alcohol DUI offenders characteristically perceive themselves as better able to drive than non-offenders. These perceptions can be tempered by performance feedback. To the extent that perceived ability to drive safely after drinking contributes to DUI and its recidivism, feedback geared towards lowering this self-efficacy could reduce willingness to engage in this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Roberts
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 2 Church Street South, Suite 109, New Haven CT, 06519
| | - Mark T. Fillmore
- University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology, 115 Kastle Hall, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40506,Corresponding author: Telephone: (859) 257-4728, Fax: (859) 323-1979,
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Cvetković D, Živković V, Lukić V, Nikolić S. Unnatural and Violent Death in Cases with High Blood Alcohol Concentration- Autopsy Study. J Forensic Sci 2017; 62:1506-1511. [PMID: 28230897 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The use of alcohol increases the risk of dying from unnatural or violent causes. The presented study explored the distribution of age, gender, cause, and circumstances of death in persons who died in an unnatural and violent manner, with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) higher than 0.3 g/dL, and where the cause of death was not alcohol intoxication. We defined the control (0 < BAC < 0.3 g/dL) and study (BAC ≥ 0.3 g/dL) groups, as in subjects with these concentrations, there is a significant risk of gross intoxication, stupor, and death. The subjects from the study group were older, with no difference in gender distribution. Traffic accidents were the most common fatal event in both groups, followed by suicides. Other accidents (choking on food and exposure to fire) were more frequent in the study group. Compared to the control group, subjects from the study group were older persons whose deaths were mainly accidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Cvetković
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Živković
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vera Lukić
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Nikolić
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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