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Chen J, Sun L, Shilko TA, Tian Y, Li J, Wang Q, Wang X, Tian X, Zhang L. Exploring exercise interventions in substance abuse treatment: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e41018. [PMID: 39705420 PMCID: PMC11666142 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the research landscape related to exercise and substance abuse over the past 2 decades. A systemic bibliometric analysis was conducted using 2 powerful tools, the Bibliometrix package for R and VOSviewer software. The analysis covered a corpus of literature indexed in the Web of Science's core collection. The publication counts related to exercise interventions within the context of substance abuse from 2004 to 2023, key journals extensively publishing research on this topic, institutional affiliations contributing significantly to this field, frequently co-occurring keywords to highlight research focal areas, and citation patterns for these studies were examined. The analysis identified a total of 2110 articles during the specified period. Notably, there has been a discernible upward trend in publication volume within this field over the past 2 decades. Prominent journals featuring extensive research on this topic include Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Frontiers in Psychiatry, and International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Among the notable contributors to the field are researchers Greer TL and Trivedi MH. The University of California's system has also emerged as a leading institution, fostering collaborations with diverse research entities. The most frequently recurring keywords were exercise, substance abuse, substance use disorders, mental health, and depression, among others, highlighting the research focus. This study offers insights and recommendations for future research in the area of exercise in substance abuse, emphasizing the need to explore physiological mechanisms and psychological comorbidities to optimize exercise as a therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
- Faculty of Physical Education, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liu Sun
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tatjana A. Shilko
- Faculty of Physical Education, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ying Tian
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Anshan City Changda Hospital, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Anshan City Changda Hospital, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanghai Sport University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolou Tian
- Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Linan Zhang
- Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, China
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Towers EB, Williams IL, Aristidou ASK, Salako-Akande AO, Lynch WJ. Impact of SMAASH-C, a novel nutritional supplement, on drug-seeking and toxicity in female and male rats. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:214. [PMID: 38802366 PMCID: PMC11130171 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Relapse to drug use after abstinence is a major challenge in treating substance use disorder. Exposure to drug-associated cues during abstinence can trigger intense craving and precipitate relapse. New and more effective anti-relapse interventions are critically needed, particularly for cocaine use disorder since no effective pharmacological intervention is available. We discovered that a nutritional supplement we developed as part of a nutritional approach for managing patients with substance use disorder reduced patient reports of drug craving and relapse. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of this supplement, SMAASH-C, at reducing drug-craving/relapse vulnerability in males and females in rat models with cocaine. Effects were determined following extended-access cocaine self-administration (24-hr/day for 10 days) and a two-week treatment regimen at a moderate and moderate-to-high dose (0.4 and 0.8 g/kg/day) as well as a 6-week regimen at a moderate dose (0.4 g/kg/day; Experiment 2). We also determined its efficacy to offset serum markers of organ toxicity in response to chronic cocaine self-administration and abstinence (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, amylase; urea nitrogen). In females, both the 2- and 6-week SMAASH-C treatment regimens reduced cocaine-seeking (extinction or cue-induced reinstatement), particularly when drug-seeking was heightened (e.g., during estrus). Despite a lack of efficacy to reduce drug-seeking in males, SMAASH-C treatment normalized cocaine/abstinence-induced increases in serum levels of aspartate transaminase and amylase, which are markers of liver and pancreatic toxicity respectively. Thus, the beneficial effects of oral SMAASH-C treatment over abstinence following chronic cocaine self-administration appears to be sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Blair Towers
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ivy L Williams
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ariadne S K Aristidou
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Wendy J Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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3
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Galaj E, Barrera ED, Persaud K, Nisanov R, Vashisht A, Goldberg H, Patel N, Lenhard H, You ZB, Gardner EL, Ranaldi R. The Impact of Heroin Self-Administration and Environmental Enrichment on Ventral Tegmental CRF1 Receptor Expression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:828-839. [PMID: 37864842 PMCID: PMC10726410 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a strong link between chronic stress and vulnerability to drug abuse and addiction. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is central to the stress response that contributes to continuation and relapse to heroin abuse. Chronic heroin exposure can exacerbate CRF production, leading to dysregulation of the midbrain CRF-dopamine-glutamate interaction. METHODS Here we investigated the role of midbrain CRF1 receptors in heroin self-administration and assessed neuroplasticity in CRF1 receptor expression in key opioid addiction brain regions. RESULTS Infusions of antalarmin (a CRF1 receptor antagonist) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dose dependently reduced heroin self-administration in rats but had no impact on food reinforcement or locomotor activity in rats. Using RNAscope in situ hybridization, we found that heroin, but not saline, self-administration upregulated CRF1 receptor mRNA in the VTA, particularly on dopamine neurons. AMPA GluR1 and dopamine reuptake transporter mRNA in VTA neurons were not affected by heroin. The western-blot assay showed that CRF1 receptors were upregulated in the VTA and nucleus accumbens. No significant changes in CRF1 protein expression were detected in the prefrontal cortex, insula, dorsal hippocampus, and substantia nigra. In addition, we found that 15 days of environmental enrichment implemented after heroin self-administration does not reverse upregulation of VTA CRF1 receptor mRNA but it downregulates dopamine transporter mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data suggest that heroin self-administration requires stimulation of VTA CRF1 receptors and upregulates their expression in brain regions involved in reinforcement. Such long-lasting neuroadaptations may contribute to continuation of drug use and relapse due to stress exposure and are not easily reversed by EE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA
| | - Eddy D Barrera
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NYUSA
| | - Kirk Persaud
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Rudolf Nisanov
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NYUSA
| | - Apoorva Vashisht
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NYUSA
| | - Hindy Goldberg
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Nima Patel
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Hayley Lenhard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Ranaldi
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NYUSA
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
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Towers EB, Shapiro DA, Abel JM, Bakhti-Suroosh A, Kupkova K, Auble DT, Grant PA, Lynch WJ. Transcriptional Profile of Exercise-Induced Protection Against Relapse to Cocaine Seeking in a Rat Model. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:734-745. [PMID: 37881559 PMCID: PMC10593899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise has shown promise as a treatment for cocaine use disorder; however, the mechanism underlying its efficacy has remained elusive. Methods We used a rat model of relapse (cue-induced reinstatement) and exercise (wheel running, 2 hours/day) coupled with RNA sequencing to establish transcriptional profiles associated with the protective effects of exercise (during early withdrawal [days 1-7] or throughout withdrawal [days 1-14]) versus noneffective exercise (during late withdrawal [days 8-14]) against cocaine-seeking and sedentary conditions. Results As expected, cue-induced cocaine seeking was highest in the sedentary and late-withdrawal exercise groups; both groups also showed upregulation of a Grin1-associated transcript and enrichment of Drd1-Nmdar1 complex and glutamate receptor complex terms. Surprisingly, these glutamate markers were also enriched in the early- and throughout-withdrawal exercise groups, despite lower levels of cocaine seeking. However, a closer examination of the Grin1-associated transcript revealed a robust loss of transcripts spanning exons 9 and 10 in the sedentary condition relative to saline controls that was normalized by early- and throughout-withdrawal exercise, but not late-withdrawal exercise, indicating that these exercise conditions may normalize RNA mis-splicing induced by cocaine seeking. Our findings also revealed novel mechanisms by which exercise initiated during early withdrawal may modulate glutamatergic signaling in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (e.g., via transcripts associated with non-NMDA glutamate receptors or those affecting signaling downstream of NMDA receptors), along with mechanisms outside of glutamatergic signaling such as circadian rhythm regulation and neuronal survival. Conclusions These findings provide a rich resource for future studies aimed at manipulating these molecular networks to better understand how exercise decreases cocaine seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Blair Towers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Daniel A. Shapiro
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jean M. Abel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anousheh Bakhti-Suroosh
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kristyna Kupkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David T. Auble
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Patrick A. Grant
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Wendy J. Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Towers EB, Williams IL, Qillawala EI, Rissman EF, Lynch WJ. Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:217-249. [PMID: 36781217 PMCID: PMC9969523 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex/gender effects have been demonstrated for multiple aspects of addiction, with one of the most commonly cited examples being the "telescoping effect" where women meet criteria and/or seek treatment of substance use disorder (SUD) after fewer years of drug use as compared with men. This phenomenon has been reported for multiple drug classes including opioids, psychostimulants, alcohol, and cannabis, as well as nonpharmacological addictions, such as gambling. However, there are some inconsistent reports that show either no difference between men and women or opposite effects and a faster course to addiction in men than women. Thus, the goals of this review are to evaluate evidence for and against the telescoping effect in women and to determine the conditions/populations for which the telescoping effect is most relevant. We also discuss evidence from preclinical studies, which strongly support the validity of the telescoping effect and show that female animals develop addiction-like features (e.g., compulsive drug use, an enhanced motivation for the drug, and enhanced drug-craving/vulnerability to relapse) more readily than male animals. We also discuss biologic factors that may contribute to the telescoping effect, such as ovarian hormones, and its neurobiological basis focusing on the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway and the corticomesolimbic glutamatergic pathway considering the critical roles these pathways play in the rewarding/reinforcing effects of addictive drugs and SUD. We conclude with future research directions, including intervention strategies to prevent the development of SUD in women. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: One of the most widely cited gender/sex differences in substance use disorder (SUD) is the "telescoping effect," which reflects an accelerated course in women versus men for the development and/or seeking treatment for SUD. This review evaluates evidence for and against a telescoping effect drawing upon data from both clinical and preclinical studies. We also discuss the contribution of biological factors and underlying neurobiological mechanisms and highlight potential targets to prevent the development of SUD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Blair Towers
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
| | - Ivy L Williams
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
| | - Emaan I Qillawala
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
| | - Emilie F Rissman
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
| | - Wendy J Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
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6
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Towers EB, Kilgore M, Bakhti-Suroosh A, Pidaparthi L, Williams IL, Abel JM, Lynch WJ. Sex differences in the neuroadaptations associated with incubated cocaine-craving: A focus on the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1027310. [PMID: 36688133 PMCID: PMC9854116 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1027310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women have a shorter course from initial cocaine use to meeting the criteria for cocaine use disorder as compared to men. Preclinical findings similarly indicate that females develop key features of an addiction-like phenotype faster than males, including an enhanced motivation for cocaine and compulsive use, indicating that this phenomenon is biologically based. The goals of this study were to determine whether cocaine-craving, another key feature of addiction, also develops sooner during withdrawal in females than males and to determine whether there are sex differences in the molecular mechanisms associated with its development focusing on markers known to mediate cocaine-craving in males (i.e., dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dmPFC, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor exon-IV, Bdnf-IV, and NMDA receptor subunits, Grin2a, Grin2b, and Grin1). Methods Cocaine-craving was assessed following extended-access cocaine self-administration and 2, 7, or 14 days of withdrawal using an extinction/cue-induced reinstatement procedure. Tissue was obtained from the dmPFC immediately after reinstatement testing and gene expression changes were analyzed using real-time qPCR. Results In males, cocaine-craving (total extinction and cue-induced reinstatement responding) progressively increased from early to later withdrawal time-points whereas in females, cocaine-craving was already elevated during early withdrawal (after 2 days) and did not further increase at later withdrawal time-points. Levels of cocaine-craving, however, were similar between the sexes. Gene expression changes differed markedly between the sexes such that males showed the expected relapse- and withdrawal-associated changes in Bdnf-IV, Grin2a, Grin2b, and Grin1 expression, but females only showed a modest increase Grin1 expression at the intermediate withdrawal timepoint. Discussion These findings indicate that cocaine-craving is similarly expressed in males and females although the time-course for its incubation appears to be accelerated in females; the molecular mechanisms also likely differ in females versus males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Blair Towers
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Madison Kilgore
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Anousheh Bakhti-Suroosh
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lasyapriya Pidaparthi
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ivy L. Williams
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jean M. Abel
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Wendy J. Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Marrero-Cristobal G, Gelpi-Dominguez U, Morales-Silva R, Alvarado-Torres J, Perez-Torres J, Perez-Perez Y, Sepulveda-Orengo M. Aerobic exercise as a promising nonpharmacological therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1602-1642. [PMID: 34850988 PMCID: PMC9156662 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence and public health impact of substance use disorders (SUDs), effective long-term treatments remain elusive. Aerobic exercise is a promising, nonpharmacological treatment currently under investigation as a strategy for preventing drug relapse. Aerobic exercise could be incorporated into the comprehensive treatment regimens for people with substance abuse disorders. Preclinical studies of SUD with animal models have shown that aerobic exercise diminishes drug-seeking behavior, which leads to relapse, in both male and female rats. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the effects of substance abuse-induced cellular and physiological adaptations believed to be responsible for drug-seeking behavior. Accordingly, the overall goal of this review is to provide a summary and an assessment of findings to date, highlighting evidence of the molecular and neurological effects of exercise on adaptations associated with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Gelpi-Dominguez
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Roberto Morales-Silva
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - John Alvarado-Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Joshua Perez-Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Yobet Perez-Perez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Marian Sepulveda-Orengo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
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Becker G, Lespine LF, Bahri MA, Serrano ME, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Tirelli E, Plenevaux A. Exercise against cocaine sensitization in mice: a [18F]fallypride micro-PET study. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcab294. [PMID: 35169698 PMCID: PMC8833578 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Wheel-running exercise in laboratory rodents (animal model useful to study the neurobiology of aerobic exercise) decreases behavioural markers of vulnerability to addictive properties of various drugs of abuse including cocaine. However, neurobiological mechanisms underpinning this protective effect are far from fully characterized. Here, 28-day-old female C57BL/6J mice were housed with (n = 48) or without (n = 48) a running wheel for 6 weeks before being tested for acute locomotor responsiveness and initiation of locomotor sensitization to intraperitoneal injections of 8 mg/kg cocaine. The long-term expression of sensitization took place 3 weeks after the last session. On the day after, all mice underwent a micro-PET imaging session with [18F]fallypride radiotracer (dopamine 2/3 receptors antagonist). Exercised mice were less sensitive to acute and sensitized cocaine hyperlocomotor effects, such attenuation being particularly well marked for long-term expression of sensitization (η2P = 0.262). Chronic administration of cocaine was associated with a clear-cut increase of [18F]fallypride binding potential in mouse striatum (η2P = 0.170) while wheel-running exercise was associated with a moderate decrease in dopamine 2/3 receptors density in striatum (η2P = 0.075), a mechanism that might contribute to protective properties of exercise against drugs of abuse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Becker
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Louis-Ferdinand Lespine
- Department of Psychology, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Pôle MOPHA, Pôle Est, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Maria Elisa Serrano
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Ezio Tirelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA—Cyclotron Research Center—In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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Barbosa-Méndez S, López-Morado C, Salazar-Juárez A. Mirtazapine-induced decrease in cocaine sensitization is enhanced by environmental enrichment in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 208:173237. [PMID: 34274360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that mirtazapine attenuated the induction and expression of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Animals placed in enriched housing environments have shown a decrease in cocaine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization. In addition, it has been suggested that a pharmacological treatment combined with a behavioral intervention increases the efficacy of the former. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if dosing of mirtazapine in an enriched housing environment enhanced the mirtazapine-induced decrease on the induction and expression of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Wistar male rats were dosed with cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.). During the drug-withdrawal phase, mirtazapine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered under standard and enriched housing environmental conditions. The environmental enrichment consisted of housing the animals in enclosures with plastic toys, tunnels, and running wheels. After each administration, locomotor activity for each animal was recorded for 30 min. The study found that treatment with mirtazapine in an enriched housing environment produced an enhanced and persistent attenuation of the induction and expression of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Additionally, it reduced the duration of cocaine-induced locomotor activity in the expression phase of locomotor sensitization. Dosing of mirtazapine in an enriched housing environment enhanced the effectiveness of mirtazapine to decrease cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. This suggests the potential use of enriched environments to enhance the effect of mirtazapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Barbosa-Méndez
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Conductual, Microcirugía y Terapéutica Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Casandra López-Morado
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Conductual, Microcirugía y Terapéutica Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Alberto Salazar-Juárez
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Conductual, Microcirugía y Terapéutica Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico.
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Shifts in the neurobiological mechanisms motivating cocaine use with the development of an addiction-like phenotype in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:811-823. [PMID: 33241478 PMCID: PMC8290931 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The development of addiction is accompanied by a shift in the mechanisms motivating cocaine use from nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) signaling to glutamate AMPA-kainate receptor (AMPA-R) signaling. OBJECTIVE Here, we determined whether similar shifts occur for NAc-D2R signaling and following systemic manipulation of D1R, D2R, and AMPA-R signaling. METHODS Male rats were given short-access (20 infusions/day) or extended-access to cocaine (24 h/day, 96 infusions/day, 10 days). Motivation for cocaine was assessed following 14 days of abstinence using a progressive-ratio schedule. Once responding stabilized, the effects of NAc-D2R antagonism (eticlopride; 0-10.0 μg/side) and systemic D1R (SCH-23390; 0-1.0 mg/kg), D2R (eticlopride; 0-0.1 mg/kg), and AMPA-R (CNQX; 0-1.5 mg/kg) antagonism, and NAc-dopamine-R gene expression (Drd1/2/3) were examined. RESULTS Motivation for cocaine was markedly higher in the extended- versus short-access group confirming the development of an addiction-like phenotype in the extended-access group. NAc-infused eticlopride decreased motivation for cocaine in both the short- and extended-access groups although low doses (0.1-0.3 μg) were more effective in the short-access group and high doses (3-10 μg/side) tended to be more effective in the extended-access group. Systemic administration of eticlopride (0.1 mg/kg) was more effective in the extended-access group, and systemic administration of CNQX was effective in the extended- but not short-access group. NAc-Drd2 expression was decreased in both the short- and extended-access groups. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that in contrast to NAc-D1R, D2R remain critical for motivating cocaine use with the development of an addiction-like phenotype. These findings also indicate that shifts in the mechanisms motivating cocaine use impact the response to both site-specific and systemic pharmacological treatment.
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Shima T, Jesmin S, Nakao H, Tai K, Shimofure T, Arai Y, Kiyama K, Onizawa Y. Association between self-reported empathy and level of physical activity in healthy young adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.10.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Shima
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Faculty of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hayato Nakao
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Kentaro Tai
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Tomonori Shimofure
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Yoshihiro Arai
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Keiko Kiyama
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Yoko Onizawa
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
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Rahman N, Mihalkovic A, Geary O, Haffey R, Hamilton J, Thanos PK. Chronic aerobic exercise: Autoradiographic assessment of GABA(a) and mu-opioid receptor binding in adult rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 196:172980. [PMID: 32593790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise programs have shown great potential for both the prevention and treatment of substance use disorder (SUD). As exercise has been shown to have potent effects on physical and psychological health, it is reasonable to examine the mechanism of how exercise can be used as an adjunct treatment for addiction. The present study examined the effects of chronic aerobic (treadmill) exercise on both GABA(a) and mu-opioid receptor levels in the brains of male and female rats. GABA(a) receptor binding, measured by [3H] Flunitrazepam, was increased in the cingulate cortex following exercise, but only in females. Mu-opioid receptor expression, measured by [3H] ([D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin) (DAMGO), showed no effect of exercise while showing an effect of sex, with increased [3H] DAMGO binding in the brains of sedentary males compared to that of sedentary females. Our findings support the potential role for GABA(a) signaling in the cingulate cortex as part of the mechanism of action of aerobic exercise. These data, along with prior reports, aid our understanding of the neurochemical impact and mechanism of chronic aerobic exercise on neuropsychiatric disease, particularly regarding addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Rahman
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Abrianna Mihalkovic
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Olivia Geary
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Rylee Haffey
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America.
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Rauhut AS, Warnick JA, Stasior AL. Differential effects of voluntary exercise on development and expression of methamphetamine conditioned hyperactivity and sensitization in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 193:172934. [PMID: 32333921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present experiments determined the effects of voluntary home-cage wheel running on the development (Experiments 1 and 2a) and expression (Experiment 2b) of conditioned hyperactivity and long-term sensitization in male, Swiss-Webster mice. Mice experienced 3 weeks of wheel running (exercise) or not (sedentary) either beginning prior to (Experiments 1 and 2a), or immediately following (Experiment 2b), the acquisition phase. During the acquisition phase, mice (n = 12-15/group) received injections (subcutaneous) of either vehicle (saline) or methamphetamine (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, Experiment 1; 1.0 mg/kg, Experiments 2a and 2b) immediately prior to 5 locomotor-activity sessions. The extinction phase began 48 hours (h) (Experiment 1) or 3 weeks (Experiments 2a and 2b) after acquisition and all mice received vehicle injections prior to 4 locomotor-activity sessions. Tests of long-term sensitization occurred 72 h after the last extinction session and involved an escalating, methamphetamine-dose regimen (0.25 ➔ 1.0 mg/kg), 1 dose/session for 3 sessions. While pre-acquisition wheel running failed to alter development of conditioned hyperactivity after training with the 0.5 mg/kg methamphetamine dose, it blunted the development of conditioned hyperactivity, and blocked (Experiment 1) or attenuated (Experiment 2a) induction of long-term sensitization after training with the 1.0 mg/kg methamphetamine dose. Furthermore, while post-acquisition wheel running retarded extinction of conditioned hyperactivity, it did not alter expression of conditioned hyperactivity or long-term sensitization (Experiment 2b). Collectively, the results suggest that the impact of voluntary exercise on context-drug associations and long-term sensitization is critically dependent on the timing of exercise relative to drug conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Rauhut
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, USA; Neuroscience Program, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, USA.
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Therapeutic efficacy of environmental enrichment for substance use disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 188:172829. [PMID: 31778722 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to drug and alcohol is regarded as a major health problem worldwide for which available treatments show limited effectiveness. The biggest challenge remains to enhance the capacities of interventions to reduce craving, prevent relapse and promote long-term recovery. New strategies to meet these challenges are being explored. Findings from preclinical work suggest that environmental enrichment (EE) holds therapeutic potential for the treatment of substance use disorders, as demonstrated in a number of animal models of drug abuse. The EE intervention introduced after drug exposure leads to attenuation of compulsive drug taking, attenuation of the rewarding (and reinforcing) effects of drugs, reductions in control of behavior by drug cues, and, very importantly, relapse prevention. Clinical work also suggests that multidimensional EE interventions (involving physical activity, social interaction, vocational training, recreational and community involvement) might produce similar therapeutic effects, if implemented continuously and rigorously. In this review we survey preclinical and clinical studies assessing the efficacy of EE as a behavioral intervention for substance use disorders and address related challenges. We also review work providing empirical evidence for EE-induced neuroplasticity within the mesocorticolimbic system that is believed to contribute to the seemingly therapeutic effects of EE on drug and alcohol-related behaviors.
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