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Geddes da Filicaia E, Evershed RP, Peggie DA. Review of recent advances on the use of mass spectrometry techniques for the study of organic materials in painted artworks. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1246:340575. [PMID: 36764767 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of painted artworks using scientific methods is fundamental for understanding the techniques used in their creation and their appropriate conservation. The ethical constraints involved in the handling of, and sampling from, these objects has steered recent developments in the field of Heritage science towards a range of new non-invasive/non-destructive spectroscopic techniques capable of providing important insights into their elemental or bulk chemical compositions. Due to the inherent complexities of heritage artefacts, however, their organic components are especially difficult to study in this way and their identification and degradation pathways are thus often best investigated using mass spectrometric (MS) techniques. The versatility, sensitivity and specificity of MS techniques are constantly increasing, with technological advances pushing the boundaries of their use in this field. The progress in the past ten years in the use of MS techniques for the analysis of paint media are described in the present review. While some historical context is included, the body of the review is structured around the five most widely used or emerging capabilities offered by MS. The first pertains to the use of spatially resolved MS to obtain chemical maps of components in cross-sections, which may yield information on both inorganic and organic materials, while the second area describes the development of novel sample preparation approaches for gas chromatography (GC)-MS to allow simultaneous analysis of a variety of components. The third focuses on thermally assisted analysis (either with direct MS or coupled with GC-MS), a powerful tool for studying macromolecules requiring zero (or minimal) sample pre-treatment. Subsequently, the use of soft ionisation techniques often combined with high-resolution MS for the study of peptides (proteomics) and other macromolecules (such as oligosaccharides and triglycerides) is outlined. The fifth area covers the advances in radiocarbon dating of painting components with accelerator MS (AMS). Lastly, future applications of other MS techniques to the study of paintings are mentioned; such as direct analysis in real time MS (DART-MS) and stable isotope ratio MS (IRMS). The latter, having proven its efficiency for the study of lipids in archaeological artefacts, is envisioned to become a valuable tool for this area, whereas DART-MS is already being utilised to study the surface composition of various museum objects. Rapid technological advances, resulting in increased sensitivity and selectivity of MS techniques, are opening up new approaches for paintings analysis, overcoming the fundamental hurdle of sample size available for destructive analysis. Importantly, while the last decade has seen proteomics applications come to the fore, this review aims to emphasise the wider potential of advanced MS techniques for the study of painting materials and their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Geddes da Filicaia
- Scientific Department, National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DN, UK; Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1T, UK.
| | - Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1T, UK
| | - David A Peggie
- Scientific Department, National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DN, UK
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Dutta T, Steklý T, Kučera L, Lemr K. Dual-polarity MALDI mass spectrometry and imaging of oil binders and fatty acids in artworks using cyanographene as a single matrix. Talanta 2022; 242:123291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bouvier C, Van Nuffel S, Walter P, Brunelle A. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging in cultural heritage: A focus on old paintings. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4803. [PMID: 34997666 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging is a surface analysis technique that identifies and spatially resolves the chemical composition of a sample with a lateral resolution of less than 1 μm. Depth analyses can also be performed over thicknesses of several microns. In the case of a painting cross section, for example, TOF-SIMS can identify the organic composition, by detecting molecular ions and fragments of binders, as well as the mineral composition of most of the pigments. Importantly, the technique is almost not destructive and is therefore increasingly used in cultural heritage research such as the analysis of painting samples, especially old paintings. In this review, state of the art of TOF-SIMS analysis methods will be described with a particular focus on tuning the instruments for the analysis of painting cross sections and with several examples from the literature showing the added value of this technique when studying cultural heritage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouvier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Paris, France
| | - Sebastiaan Van Nuffel
- M4I, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Walter
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Paris, France
| | - Alain Brunelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Paris, France
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La Nasa J, Modugno F, Degano I. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the analysis of acylglycerols in art and archeology. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:381-407. [PMID: 32643188 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid characterization in art and archeology, together with the study of lipid degradation processes, is an important research area in heritage science. Lipid-based materials have been used as food since ancient times, but also employed as illuminants and as ingredients in cosmetic, ritual, and pharmaceutical preparations. Both animal and plant lipids have also been processed to produce materials used in art and crafts, such as paint binders, varnishes, waterproofing agents, and coatings. Identifying the origin of the lipid materials is challenging when they are found in association with artistic historical objects. This is due to the inherent complex composition of lipids, their widespread occurrence, and the chemical alterations induced by ageing. The most common approach for lipid characterization in heritage objects entails profiling fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after saponification or transesterification. New developments in high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for the characterization of acylglycerols, together with more efficient sample treatments, have fostered the introduction of liquid chromatography for characterizing the lipid profile in heritage objects. This review reports the latest developments and applications of HPLC-MS for the characterization of lipid materials in the field of heritage science. We describe the various approaches for sample pretreatment and highlight the advantages and limitations of HPLC-MS in the analysis of paint and archeological samples. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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Kuckova S, Cejnar P, Santrucek J, Hynek R. Characterization of proteins in cultural heritage using MALDI–TOF and LC–MS/MS mass spectrometric techniques. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Identification of proteinaceous materials in artworks is of high interest to restorers-conservators, art historians and archaeologists, because it helps to shed light on the used painting techniques, to attribute unknown artworks, to make conclusions on prehistoric diets, etc. The chapter is devoted to the mass spectrometry instrumentation, evaluation of obtained data and it is showing several examples of the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole–time-of-flight mass spectrometers on cultural heritage samples.
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6
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Identification of proteinaceous binders in paintings: A targeted proteomic approach for cultural heritage. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Characterization of organic materials in the decoration of ornamental structures in the Alhambra monumental ensemble using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Oras E, Vahur S, Isaksson S, Kaljurand I, Leito I. MALDI-FT-ICR-MS for archaeological lipid residue analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:689-700. [PMID: 28741297 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft-ionization methods are currently at the forefront of developing novel methods for analysing degraded archaeological organic residues. Here, we present little-used soft ionization method of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (MALDI-FT-ICR-MS) for the identification of archaeological lipid residues. It is a high-resolution and sensitive method with low limits of detection capable of identifying lipid compounds in small concentrations, thus providing a highly potential new technique for the analysis of degraded lipid components. A thorough methodology development for analysing cooked and degraded food remains from ceramic vessels was carried out, and the most efficient sample preparation protocol is described. The identified components, also controlled by independent parallel analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS), demonstrate its capability of identifying very different food residues including dairy, adipose fats as well as lipids of aquatic origin. The results obtained from experimentally cooked and original archaeological samples prove the suitability of MALDI-FT-ICR-MS for analysing archaeological organic residues. Sample preparation protocol and identification of compounds provide future reference for analysing various aged and degraded lipid residues in different organic and mineral matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Oras
- Institute of History and Archaeology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu, Jakobi 2, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Signe Vahur
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sven Isaksson
- The Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivari Kaljurand
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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10
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Revealing the composition of organic materials in polychrome works of art: the role of mass spectrometry-based techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6957-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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An evaluation of the impact of urban air pollution on paint dosimeters by tracking changes in the lipid MALDI-TOF mass spectra profile. Talanta 2016; 155:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Hrdlickova Kuckova S, Rambouskova G, Hynek R, Cejnar P, Oltrogge D, Fuchs R. Evaluation of mass spectrometric data using principal component analysis for determination of the effects of organic lakes on protein binder identification. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1270-1278. [PMID: 26505772 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry is commonly used for the identification of proteinaceous binders and their mixtures in artworks. The determination of protein binders is based on a comparison between the m/z values of tryptic peptides in the unknown sample and a reference one (egg, casein, animal glues etc.), but this method has greater potential to study changes due to ageing and the influence of organic/inorganic components on protein identification. However, it is necessary to then carry out statistical evaluation on the obtained data. Before now, it has been complicated to routinely convert the mass spectrometric data into a statistical programme, to extract and match the appropriate peaks. Only several 'homemade' computer programmes without user-friendly interfaces are available for these purposes. In this paper, we would like to present our completely new, publically available, non-commercial software, ms-alone and multiMS-toolbox, for principal component analyses of MALDI-TOF MS data for R software, and their application to the study of the influence of heterogeneous matrices (organic lakes) for protein identification. Using this new software, we determined the main factors that influence the protein analyses of artificially aged model mixtures of organic lakes and fish glue, prepared according to historical recipes that were used for book illumination, using MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepanka Hrdlickova Kuckova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Rambouskova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Hynek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cejnar
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Doris Oltrogge
- Cologne Institute of Conservation Sciences, Ubierring 40, D-50678, Köln, Germany
| | - Robert Fuchs
- Cologne Institute of Conservation Sciences, Ubierring 40, D-50678, Köln, Germany
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Vinciguerra R, Galano E, Vallone F, Greco G, Vergara A, Bonaduce I, Marino G, Pucci P, Amoresano A, Birolo L. Deglycosylation Step to Improve the Identification of Egg Proteins in Art Samples. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10178-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vinciguerra
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eugenio Galano
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Vallone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Greco
- Dipartimento
di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Distretto ad Alta Tecnologia dei Beni Culturali (DATABENC) Scarl, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bonaduce
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Marino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Pucci
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Distretto ad Alta Tecnologia dei Beni Culturali (DATABENC) Scarl, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Leila Birolo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Distretto ad Alta Tecnologia dei Beni Culturali (DATABENC) Scarl, Napoli, Italy
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On plate graphite supported sample processing for simultaneous lipid and protein identification by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 137:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Sfakianaki S, Kouloumpi E, Anglos D, Spyros A. Egg yolk identification and aging in mixed paint binding media by NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:22-26. [PMID: 25280129 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool for the identification and quantitative analysis of organic materials in a cultural heritage context. In this report, we present an analytical NMR protocol for the identification and semiquantification of egg yolk binders and mixed binding media that also contain a drying oil, namely linseed oil. The samples studied have been artificially and/or naturally aged in order to simulate the composition of organic materials in paintings. Analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR spectra showed that egg yolk can be identified even in binding media of considerable age via signals originating from cholesterol and/or cholesterol oxidation products present in the aged binding medium. Based on cholesterol-related and other lipid signals in the NMR spectra of egg yolk binders, a molecular marker (R/F) that suggests the presence of egg yolk in paint binders is proposed. Via this marker, the presence of egg yolk in the organic material obtained from an early 18th century Greek icon is confirmed, and this is further verified by 2D NMR spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that NMR molecular markers developed to estimate the hydrolysis/oxidation state of oil paintings are also suitable for the analysis of egg yolk and mixed medium (egg yolk-linseed oil) binders, indicating the generality of the NMR methodological approach in the analysis of organic materials in a cultural heritage context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sfakianaki
- NMR Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Identification of lipid- and protein-based binders in paintings by direct on-plate wet chemistry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1015-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Calvano CD, De Ceglie C, Zambonin CG. Development of a direct in-matrix extraction (DIME) protocol for MALDI-TOF-MS detection of glycated phospholipids in heat-treated food samples. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:831-839. [PMID: 25230180 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In foodstuffs, one of the main factors inducing modifications in phospholipids (PLs) structure is the heat treatment. Among PLs, only phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines, due to their free amino group, can be involved in Maillard reaction and can form adducts with reducing sugars, besides other by-products called advanced glycation end-products. To date, glycated lipid products are less characterized in comparison to proteins. The aim of this work was to develop a novel, rapid and sensitive extraction protocol for the detection and characterization of modified PLs (glycated and oxidized) by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). At first, to investigate the formation of glycated and/or short chain by-products in different classes of PLs, representative standards were heated with or without sugar (lactose or glucose) and subjected to traditional lipid extraction methods as Bligh and Dyer and to the novel direct in matrix extraction (DIME) using 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene as preconcentrating matrix. MALDI-MS analysis in negative ion mode allowed detecting glycation and oxidation products both on fatty acid and glucose moieties. Then, the procedure was successfully applied to different heat-treated and powdered samples (milk powders, pasteurized milk, ultra-high-temperature milk and soy flour) for the detection of modified PLs in complex foods. The currently developed DIME protocol could be a powerful tool for understanding lipid glycation also in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima D Calvano
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Llorent-Martínez E, Domínguez-Vidal A, Rubio-Domene R, Pascual-Reguera M, Ruiz-Medina A, Ayora-Cañada M. Identification of lipidic binding media in plasterwork decorations from the Alhambra using GC–MS and chemometrics: Influence of pigments and aging. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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van der Werf ID, Calvano CD, Laviano R, Simonetti A, Sabbatini L. Multi-technique chemical characterisation of a 12–13th-century painted Crucifix. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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van der Werf ID, Calvano CD, Palmisano F, Sabbatini L. A simple protocol for Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization- time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of lipids and proteins in single microsamples of paintings. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 718:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fuchs B, Bresler K, Schiller J. Oxidative changes of lipids monitored by MALDI MS. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:782-95. [PMID: 21964445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation processes of lipids are of paramount interest from many viewpoints. For instance, oxidation processes are highly important under in vivo conditions because molecules with regulatory functions are generated by oxidation of lipids or free fatty acids. Additionally, many inflammatory diseases are accompanied by lipid oxidation and, therefore, oxidation products are also useful disease (bio)markers. Thus, there is also considerable interest in methods of (oxidized) lipid analysis. Nowadays, soft ionization mass spectrometric (MS) methods are regularly used to study oxidative lipid modifications due to their high sensitivities and the extreme mass resolution. Although electrospray ionization (ESI) MS is so far most popular, applications of matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) MS are increasing. This review aims to summarize the so far available data on MALDI analyses of oxidized lipids. In addition to model systems, special attention will be paid to the monitoring of oxidized lipids under in vivo conditions, particularly the oxidation of (human) lipoproteins. It is not the aim of this review to praise MALDI as the "best" method but to provide a critical survey of the advantages and drawbacks of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Fuchs
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstrasse16/18, Leipzig, Germany
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