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Khalaf MM, Abd El-Lateef HM, Abou Taleb MF, Gouda M. Graphene nanosheet reinforcement of polyurethane nanocomposite for green and sustainable photoluminescence, superhydrophobic, and anticorrosive paint. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4753. [PMID: 38698700 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A simple and environmentally friendly method was developed for smart and efficient waterborne polyurethane (PUR) paint. Sugarcane bagasse was recycled into reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGONSs). Both lanthanide-doped aluminate nanoparticles (LAN; photoluminescent agent, 7-9 nm) and rGONSs (reinforcement agent) were integrated into a waterborne polyurethane to produce a novel photoluminescent, hydrophobic, and anticorrosive nanocomposite coating. Using ferrocene-based oxidation under masked circumstances, graphene oxide nanosheets were produced from sugarcane bagasse. The oxidized semicarbazide (SCB) nanostructures were integrated into polyurethane coatings as a drying, anticorrosion, and crosslinking agent. Polyurethane coatings with varying amounts of phosphor pigment were prepared and subsequently applied to mild steel. The produced paints (LAN/rGONSs@PUR) were tested for their hydrophobicity, hardness, and scratch resistance. Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) Laboratory parameters and photoluminescence analysis established the opacity and colourimetric properties of the nanocomposite coatings. When excited at 365 nm, the luminescent transparent paints emitted a strong greenish light at 517 nm. The anticorrosion characteristics of the coated steel were investigated. The phosphor-containing (11% w/w) polyurethane coatings displayed the most pronounced anticorrosion capability and long-persistent luminosity. The prepared waterborne polyurethane paints were very photostable and durable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Khalaf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hany M Abd El-Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Manal F Abou Taleb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Uçaroğlu S, Gümrah BG. Management of water-based paint sludge originating from the automotive industry via composting. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2024; 74:279-289. [PMID: 38330298 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2316821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Water-based paint sludge generated from the automotive industry is considered a hazardous waste due to its high carbon content and is challenging and costly to manage. This study investigates the management of water-based paint sludge through the composting process, considering its high carbon content. The water-based paint sludge was composted in five separate reactors with the addition of treatment sludge from the same industry as co-substrate and inoculum, as well as sunflower stalks as a bulking agent. The ratio of paint sludge added to the compost mixtures varied between 40% and 80%. The highest temperature was achieved in reactors where industrial sludge was added, and the bulking agent was used at a rate of 20% (R3 and R5). The most efficient composting process was conducted with the addition of 60% water-based paint sludge, 20% treatment sludge, and 20% sunflower stalks (w/w, wet weight basis) (R3). During this process, reductions in organic matter content were observed due to organic matter mineralization, resulting in a decrease in moisture during the maturation phase and consequently reducing waste volumes. The composting process can be a useful tool in addressing the challenges of paint sludge management. Utilizing the composting process not only reduces waste volumes, thereby minimizing environmental impacts, but also offers a sustainable approach to paint sludge management by lowering disposal costs. It is also possible to achieve more effective results by composting paint sludge with different recipes and the use of various bulking agents.Implications: Composting is a method that can be used to achieve stabilization, reduce the quantity, and enable biodrying of water-based paint sludge generated from the automotive industry. In this study, different ratios of paint sludge were mixed with treatment sludge from the same industry as co-substrate and inoculum, while sunflower stalks were added as a bulking agent, and a composting process was conducted. The addition of industrial wastewater treatment sludge and sunflower stalks has increased the efficiency of the paint sludge composting process. In the management of paint sludge, the composting process has emerged as a significant alternative that reduces disposal costs and environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selnur Uçaroğlu
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Behice Gamze Gümrah
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
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Huang L, Aurisano N, Fantke P, Dissanayake A, Edirisinghe LGLM, Jolliet O. Near-field exposures and human health impacts for organic chemicals in interior paints: A high-throughput screening. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133145. [PMID: 38154180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Interior paints contain organic chemicals that might be harmful to painters and building residents. This study aims to develop a high-throughput approach to screen near-field human exposures and health impacts related to organic chemicals in interior paints. We developed mass balance models for both water- and solvent-based paints, predicting emissions during wet and dry phases. We then screened exposures and risks, focusing on Sri Lanka where residential houses are frequently repainted. These models accurately predict paint drying time and indoor air concentrations of organic chemicals. Exposures of both painter and household resident were estimated for 65 organic chemicals in water-based and 26 in solvent-based paints, considering 12 solvents. Chemicals of concerns (CoCs) were identified, and maximum acceptable chemical contents (MACs) were calculated. Water-based paints generally pose lower health risks than solvent-based paints but might contain biocides of high concern. The total human health impact of one painting event on all household adults ranges from 1.5 × 10-3 to 2.1 × 10-2 DALYs for solvent-based paints, and from 4.1 × 10-4 to 9.5 × 10-3 DALYs for water-based paints. The present approach is a promising way to support the formulation of safer paint, and is integrated in the USEtox scientific consensus model for use in life cycle assessment, chemical substitution and risk screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolò Aurisano
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Olivier Jolliet
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Lummis NC, Gastfriend BD, Daneman R. Dural mural cells paint an anti-inflammatory picture. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232263. [PMID: 38270593 PMCID: PMC10818063 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mural cells directly contact macrophages in the dural layer of the meninges to suppress pro-inflammatory phenotypes, including antigen presentation and lymphocyte differentiation. These mechanisms represent new targets for modulating CNS immune surveillance and pathological inflammation (Min et al. 2024. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230326).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Lummis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Gastfriend
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard Daneman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Sánchez-Rodríguez DE, Muñoz-Ochoa M, González-Acosta B, Aguila-Ramírez RN. Biofouling inhibition by Staphylococcus aureus extracts and their potential use for paints. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:81-90. [PMID: 37166536 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For the control of biofouling, some paints based on compounds that are toxic to marine organisms have been used. There is an intensive search for biodegradable solutions that are friendly to non-target organisms. Bacteria have been shown to be a source of compounds with antifouling potential. In this work, the antifouling activity of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. Extracts activity against biofilm-forming bacteria and the toxicity against Artemia franciscana were evaluated. The extracts were incorporated in a hard gel and a paint matrix, and they were exposed to the sea. In both the laboratory and field, we found that the compounds produced by S. aureus have antifouling activity. The non-toxicity of the tested extracts against Artemia franciscana nauplii suggests that the extracts obtained from S. aureus could have a low ecological impact over non-target organisms. Significant differences were found in the percentage of organisms cover in hard gels with extracts and control. After 90 days, important differences were also observed between the percentage of organisms cover of the paints that contained extracts and the control. Dichloromethane extract is the most effective for the inhibition or delay of the settlement of organisms For this reason, they could be used in matrices with different applications, such as in the shipping industry, aquaculture, or any other in which biofouling is a cause of inconvenience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Bárbara González-Acosta
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Ruth Noemí Aguila-Ramírez
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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Sabic S, Bell D, Gasic B, Schmid K, Peter T, Marcolli C. Exposure assessment during paint spraying and drying using PTR-ToF-MS. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1327187. [PMID: 38283293 PMCID: PMC10811262 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1327187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Spraying is a common way to distribute occupational products, but it puts worker's health at risk by exposing them to potentially harmful particles and gases. The objective of this study is to use time-resolved measurements to gain an understanding of spray applications at the process level and to compare them to predictions of exposure models. We used proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) at 1-s time resolution to monitor the gas phase concentration of the solvents acetone, ethanol, butyl acetate, xylene and 1-methoxy-2-propy acetate during outdoor spraying and indoor drying of metal plate under various conditions of outdoor air supply. We found that during spraying, gas-phase exposure was dominated by the more volatile solvents acetone and ethanol, which exhibited strong concentration variations due to the outdoor winds. During drying, exposure strongly depended on the strength of ventilation. Under conditions with high supply of outdoor air, our measurements show a near-exponential decay of the solvent concentrations during drying. Conversely, under conditions without outdoor air supply, the drying process required hours, during which the less volatile solvents passed through a concentration maximum in the gas phase, so that the exposure during drying exceeded the exposure during spraying. The concentrations measured during spraying were then compared for each of the substances individually with the predictions of the exposure models ECETOC TRA, Stoffenmanager, and ART using TREXMO. For these conditions, ECETOC TRA and Stoffenmanager predicted exposures in the measured concentration range, albeit not conservative for all solvents and each application. In contrast, ART largely overestimated the exposure for the more volatile solvents acetone and ethanol and slightly underestimated exposure to 1M2PA for one spraying. ECETOC TRA and ART do not have options to predict exposure during drying. Stoffenmanager has the option to predict drying together with spraying, but not to predict the drying phase independently. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering both the spray cloud and solvent evaporation during the drying process. To improve workplace safety, there is a critical need for enhanced exposure models and comprehensive datasets for calibration and validation covering a broader range of exposure situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Sabic
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Bojan Gasic
- Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Chemicals and Occupational Health, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Schmid
- Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Chemicals and Occupational Health, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peter
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Marcolli
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kim SW, Song WY, Waldman WR, Rillig MC, Kim TY. Toxicity of Aged Paint Particles to Soil Ecosystems: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:231-241. [PMID: 38128904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive global consumption of architectural paint, the toxicological effects of aged exterior paint particles on terrestrial biota remain largely uncharacterized. Herein, we assessed the toxic effect of aged paint particles on soil environments using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a test organism. Various types of paint particles were generated by fragmentation and sequential sieving (500-1000, 250-500, 100-250, 50-100, 20-50 μm) of paint coatings collected from two old residential areas. The paint particles exerted different levels of toxicity, as indicated by a reduction in the number of C. elegans offspring, depending on their size, color, and layer structure. These physical characteristics were found to be closely associated with the chemical heterogeneity of additives present in the paint particles. Since the paint particle sizes were larger than what C. elegans typically consume, we attributed the toxicity to leachable additives present in the paint particles. To assess the toxicity of these leachable additives, we performed sequential washings of the paint particles with distilled water and ethanol. Ethanol washing of the paint particles significantly reduced the soil toxicity of the hydrophobic additives, indicating their potential environmental risk. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the ethanol leachate revealed the presence of alkyl amines, which exhibited a high correlation with the toxicity of the paint particles. Further toxicity testing using an alkyl amine standard demonstrated that a paint particle concentration of 1.2% in soil could significantly reduce the number of C. elegans offspring. Our findings provide insights into the potential hazards posed by aged paint particles and their leachable additives in the terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Woong Kim
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Woo-Young Song
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Walter R Waldman
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability, Federal University of São Carlos, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Kim DH, Alayande AB, Lee JM, Jang JH, Jo SM, Jae MR, Yang E, Chae KJ. Emerging marine environmental pollution and ecosystem disturbance in ship hull cleaning for biofouling removal. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167459. [PMID: 37788783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous marine sessile organisms adhere to ship hulls and increase the sailing resistance. Antibiofouling paints are employed to maintain the ship performance. However, the chemicals employed for antifouling purposes are becoming increasingly diverse, lacking clear toxicological information. Particularly, the imperfect antibiofouling efficacies of these chemicals necessitate periodic hull cleaning to dislodge attached marine organisms. This hull cleaning process inadvertently releases a plethora of hazardous substances, including antibiofouling chemicals, heavy metals, and cleaning agents, alongside exotic microorganisms. This results in profound marine pollution and ecosystem disruption. Specifically, these exotic microorganisms pose a novel ecological threat in coastal waters. However, despite the gravity of ship hull cleaning-related issues, comprehensive investigations have been lacking, and international regulatory measures are gaining attention recently. Aiming to provide solutions to the emerging challenges associated with hull cleaning, this review endeavors to comprehensively address the biofouling organisms and their mechanisms, potential antifouling paint hazards, and effective hull cleaning methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Abayomi Babatunde Alayande
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29625, United States
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Jo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ri Jae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Euntae Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Helmbrecht L, van Dongen SW, van der Weijden A, van Campenhout CT, Noorduin WL. Direct Environmental Lead Detection by Photoluminescent Perovskite Formation with Nanogram Sensitivity. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:20494-20500. [PMID: 38008908 PMCID: PMC10720378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Although the global ban on leaded gasoline has markedly reduced lead poisoning, many other environmental sources of lead exposure, such as paint, pipes, mines, and recycling sites remain. Existing methods to identify these sources are either costly or unreliable. We report here a new, sensitive, and inexpensive lead detection method that relies on the formation of a perovskite semiconductor. The method only requires spraying the material of interest with methylammonium bromide and observing whether photoluminesence occurs under UV light to indicate the presence of lead. The method detects as little as 1.0 ng/mm2 of lead by the naked eye and 50 pg/mm2 using a digital photo camera. We exposed more than 50 different materials to our reagent and found no false negatives or false positives. The method readily detects lead in soil, paint, glazing, cables, glass, plastics, and dust and could be widely used for testing the environment and preventing lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Helmbrecht
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
- Lumetallix
B.V, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Willem L. Noorduin
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
- Van
‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1090 GD, The Netherlands
- Lumetallix
B.V, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Botticelli M, Risdonne V, Young C. Enhancement of protein detection on cultural heritage samples after SYPRO™ Ruby staining by optical microscopy and micro-FTIR spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123067. [PMID: 37393674 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper investigates SYPRO™ Ruby staining in combination with external reflection micro-FTIR spectroscopy, for the detection of proteinaceous media in paint layers on cultural heritage, from unembedded micro-fragments and samples embedded in cross-sections. Combining FTIR spectroscopy with staining helped to verify that the FTIR mapping is accurate when performed by the integration of the main amide I and II bands, despite their naturally occurrent distortions due to the specular component and material absorption/surface properties. The research filled some gaps in the published literature on SYPRO™ Ruby interaction with different Cultural Heritage materials, including identifying drawbacks, e.g. swelling mechanisms in the sample after staining. The effects of the staining were investigated on different reference samples containing rabbit skin glue (proteinaceous), and samples from cultural heritage case studies undergoing technical examination as part of research projects, where identification of protein is an important aspect of understanding the sequence of complex multi-layers within a sample. Results showed that, when external reflection µ-FTIR is performed after the staining, the contribution from amide I and II, which occurs at higher wavenumbers than in transmission or attenuated total reflection, is more resolved and therefore easier to determine. When inorganic or organic compounds are present in the same layer, variation in the position of amide bands can occur. However, they can be used for chemical mapping using simple data-treatment strategies, as validated with the positive staining. This type of data processing gives a good estimation of the protein distribution in the layers, both in terms of morphology and thickness, on mock-up samples and cross-sections from real case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Botticelli
- Kelvin Centre for Conservation and Cultural Heritage Research, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Hall, 1445 Argyle Street, Glasgow G3 8AW, UK
| | - V Risdonne
- Kelvin Centre for Conservation and Cultural Heritage Research, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Hall, 1445 Argyle Street, Glasgow G3 8AW, UK; Science Lab, Collections Care and Access, Victoria & Albert Museum, South Kensington, Cromwell Road, London SW7 2RL, UK
| | - C Young
- Kelvin Centre for Conservation and Cultural Heritage Research, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Hall, 1445 Argyle Street, Glasgow G3 8AW, UK.
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Shi G, Wen L, Zhang S, Cheng J, Chen X, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Xin B. Facile manufacture of high-purity CuSO 4 from waste Cu-containing paint residue using combined processes of H 2SO 4 leaching and extraction stripping. Water Sci Technol 2023; 88:2974-2985. [PMID: 38096082 PMCID: wst_2023_388 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Waste copper-containing paint residue (WCPR) represents a typical hazardous waste containing both toxic organic substances and toxic heavy metals, but there are few reports on the recycling of heavy metals. The recovery of Cu from WCPR by H2SO4 leaching-extraction-stripping has the advantages of eco-friendliness, simplicity of operation, and high value-added product. The results show that under the optimal conditions, the leaching rate of Cu in WCPR is 94.31% (18.02 g/L), while the extraction and stripping rates of Cu in the leaching solution are 99.46 and 95.32%, respectively. Due to the high concentration of Cu2+ with fewer impurities in the stripping solution, the stripping solution is heated, evaporated, cooled, and crystallized to successfully produce high-purity dark blue CuSO4 crystal, accomplishing the high-value recycling of Cu in WCPR. In addition, the leach residue of WCPR contains acrylic resin and SiO2, which can be used in cement kilns for incineration, thus realizing the overall recycling and utilization of WCPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongchu Shi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China E-mail:
| | - Lingkai Wen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhikai Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baoping Xin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
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Pestour K. OASIS Accuracy: Paint a Picture of Your Patient. Home Healthc Now 2023; 41:350. [PMID: 37922143 DOI: 10.1097/nhh.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Pestour
- Kim Pestour, MHA, RN, COS-C, is the Director, Performance Improvement, Catholic Health Home Care, Farmingdale, New York
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Bartczak N, Kowalczyk J, Tomala R, Stefanski M, Szymański D, Ptak M, Stręk W, Szustakiewicz K, Kurzynowski T, Szczepański Ł, Junka A, Gorczyca D, Głuchowski P. Effect of the Addition of Graphene Flakes on the Physical and Biological Properties of Composite Paints. Molecules 2023; 28:6173. [PMID: 37630425 PMCID: PMC10458452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, graphene flakes were obtained using an electrolytic method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM). Graphene-based composites with varying concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 3% by weight were prepared with acrylic paint, enamel and varnish matrices. The mechanical properties were evaluated using micro-hardness testing, while wettability and antimicrobial activity against three pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus 33591, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15442, Candida albicans 10231) were also examined. The results indicate that the addition of graphene flakes significantly enhances both the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bartczak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.T.); (M.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (W.S.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Kowalczyk
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.T.); (M.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Robert Tomala
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.T.); (M.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Mariusz Stefanski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.T.); (M.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Damian Szymański
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.T.); (M.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.T.); (M.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Wiesław Stręk
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.T.); (M.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Konrad Szustakiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kurzynowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.K.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Łukasz Szczepański
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.K.); (Ł.S.)
| | - Adam Junka
- Platform for Unique Models Application, Wroclaw Medical University, PL-50367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Damian Gorczyca
- Medical Department, Lazarski University, PL-02662 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Głuchowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.T.); (M.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (W.S.)
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15
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Seehusen DA, Kleinheksel AJ, Huang H, Harrison Z, Ledford CJW. The Power of One Word to Paint a Halo or a Horn: Demonstrating the Halo Effect in Learner Handover and Subsequent Evaluation. Acad Med 2023; 98:929-933. [PMID: 36724305 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Learner evaluation based upon direct observation is a cornerstone of modern competency-based medical education. Learner handover has become a widely accepted practice. Cognitive attribution bias is a potential threat to the validity of learner evaluation following learner handover. METHOD In this 2 x 2 (learner handover: halos/horns x learner gender: man/woman) factorial, nonequivalent comparison group experimental design, registered attendees at a national medical education conference watched 1 of 2 videos (depicting a woman learner or man learner) of simulated learner-patient encounters. Data were collected on April 30 and May 1, 2022. Participants received learner handover conditioning before watching the video. The conditioning was randomized to suggest the learner they were about to watch was either "above-average" (halos) or "below-average" (horns). Following the video, participants completed an evaluation form. RESULTS Participants rated the learner in a video encounter preceded by a horns statement significantly lower than the learner in a video encounter preceded by a halo statement, F (1,65) = 10.15, P < .01, η 2 = .14, horns mean adj = 12.49 (CI 11.34, 13.63), halo mean adj = 15.10 (CI 13.93, 16.28). This represented a scoring difference of 2.61 points on a 30-point scale. More years of teaching experience was negatively associated with the score, F (1,65) = 13.44, P < .001, η 2 = .17. CONCLUSIONS Learner conditioning differing by a single word, labeling a learner as either "above-average" or "below-average" resulted in a large difference in scoring by medical educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Seehusen
- D.A. Seehusen is the Georgia Academy of Family Physicians Joseph W. Tollison, MD, Distinguished University Chair and professor, Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - A J Kleinheksel
- A.J. Kleinheksel is assistant dean, Educational Simulation, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hannah Huang
- H. Huang is a medical student, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zachary Harrison
- Z. Harrison is a medical student, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Christy J W Ledford
- C.J.W. Ledford is the Curtis G. Hames, MD, Distinguished Chair, Department of Family Medicineprofessor, Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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16
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Clarke JRD, Tieu HT, Maher T, Locke AH, d'Avila A. Paint by Numbers: The Natural Progression of Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:1840-1841. [PMID: 37480867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John-Ross D Clarke
- Harvard Thorndike Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Hieu T Tieu
- Harvard Thorndike Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy Maher
- Harvard Thorndike Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew H Locke
- Harvard Thorndike Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andre d'Avila
- Harvard Thorndike Arrhythmia Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Dharmaraj SK, Ramasubbu H, Rajendran V, Ravichandran P. Effect of graphene nano paint on performance of solar air heater attached with inclined and winglet baffles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:87330-87342. [PMID: 37421525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Solar air heater is widely used for drying and industrial processing application. Different artificial roughened surfaces and coatings over the absorber plates are used to improve their performance of solar air heater by increasing absorption and heat transfer. In this proposed work, the graphene-based nanopaint is prepared by wet chemical and ball milling method and the prepared graphene nanopaint is characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared graphene-based nanopaint is coated on the absorber plate by conventional coating method. The thermal performance of the solar air heater coated with traditional black paint and graphene nanopaint is evaluated and compared. The day's maximum energy gain by the graphene-coated solar air heater is 972.84 W, whereas traditional black paint is only 808.02 W. The average energy gain of graphene nanopaint is 655.85 W, which is 12.9% higher than the traditional black paint. The maximum thermal efficiency for solar air heater coated with graphene nanopaint is 81%. Also the average thermal efficiency of graphene-coated solar air heater is 72.5%, which has a 13.24% higher average thermal efficiency when compared to conventional black paint-coated solar air heater. The average top heat loss for solar air heater coated with graphene nanopaint is 8.48% lower than solar air heater with traditional black paint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Dharmaraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti, 628 503, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harichandran Ramasubbu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti, 628 503, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijayakumar Rajendran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti, 628 503, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveenkumar Ravichandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti, 628 503, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Hernández de la Torre-Ruiz E, García-Piqueras P, Lacasta-Plasín C, Balaguer-Franch I. Paint ulcers? Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2023; 41:436-437. [PMID: 36624030 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paloma García-Piqueras
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Lacasta-Plasín
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Machado RNS, Turssi CP, França FM, Amaral FLB, Attin T, Basting RT. Varnish with S-PRG filler reduces dentin permeability after erosive/abrasive challenge. Am J Dent 2023; 36:193-200. [PMID: 37587030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different varnishes on dentin permeability to erosive/abrasive challenges. METHODS 60 superficial dentin discs were randomly allocated to six groups (n=10): Duraphat, PRG Barrier Coat, Clinpro XT, Profluorid, Fluor Protector S and untreated (control). Permeability tests were carried out: after acid conditioning, after treatment, and after abrasive/erosive challenges. The abrasive-erosive challenges were performed for 5 days (citric acid and in remineralizing saliva), as well as abrasion with toothpaste slurry (Colgate Total 12). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained of the dentin surfaces (5,000x) after the treatments, and after the erosive/abrasive challenges. RESULTS Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests showed that all the varnishes promoted a decrease in dentin permeability directly after application, with Clinpro XT showing the highest percentage (69.52%) of dentin sealing (P= 0.0188). After the erosive/abrasive challenge, only PRG Barrier Coat varnish showed dentin sealing ability with reduced dentin permeability (42.16%) (P= 0.0014). However, none of the applied varnishes promoted a statistically significant difference in the percentage of dentin sealing, compared with the control group (P> 0.05). Clinpro XT showed a higher percentage of dentin sealing, while only PRG Barrier Coat showed reduced dentin permeability after the erosive/abrasive challenge. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Varnish containing S-PRG filler has the efficacy needed to be used as a coating material to reduce dentin permeability in situations of erosive/abrasive challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Borrego BB, Gracioso LH, Karolski B, Cardoso LOB, Melo LBU, Castro ÍB, Perpetuo EA. Tributyltin degrading microbial enzymes: A promising remediation approach. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 189:114725. [PMID: 36805770 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is one of the countries most impacted along the entire coastline by the presence of tributyltin (TBT), a biocide used in antifouling paints. Despite being banned since 2008, its use is still registered in the country, and it is possible to find recent inputs of this substance in places under the influence of shipyards, marinas, and fishing ports. In this study, a bacterium isolated from TBT-contaminated sediment from Santos and São Vicente Estuarine System (SESS) in Brazil, identified as Achromobacter sp., proved to be resistant to this compound. Furthermore, its crude enzymatic extract presented the ability to reduce up to 25 % of the initial TBT concentration in the liquid phase in 1 h, demonstrating to be a simple, fast, effective procedure and a potential tool for the environmental attenuation of TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bacaro Borrego
- The Interunits Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, PPIB-USP, Lineu Prestes Ave, 2415, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Bio4Tec Lab, Environmental Research and Education Center, University of São Paulo, CEPEMA-POLI-USP, Cônego Domênico Rangoni Rd, 270 km, Cubatão, SP, Brazil.
| | - Louise Hase Gracioso
- Bio4Tec Lab, Environmental Research and Education Center, University of São Paulo, CEPEMA-POLI-USP, Cônego Domênico Rangoni Rd, 270 km, Cubatão, SP, Brazil; School of Arts, Science and Humanities of University of São Paulo, EACH-USP, Arlindo Bettio Ave, 1000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Karolski
- Bio4Tec Lab, Environmental Research and Education Center, University of São Paulo, CEPEMA-POLI-USP, Cônego Domênico Rangoni Rd, 270 km, Cubatão, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Oliveira Bispo Cardoso
- Bio4Tec Lab, Environmental Research and Education Center, University of São Paulo, CEPEMA-POLI-USP, Cônego Domênico Rangoni Rd, 270 km, Cubatão, SP, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, POLI-USP, Prof. Luciano Gualberto Ave, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Beatriz Ueda Melo
- Bio4Tec Lab, Environmental Research and Education Center, University of São Paulo, CEPEMA-POLI-USP, Cônego Domênico Rangoni Rd, 270 km, Cubatão, SP, Brazil; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Marine Science and Technology, PPG-ICTMar-UNIFESP, Carvalho de Mendonça Ave, 144, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, IMar-UNIFESP, Carvalho de Mendonça Ave, 144, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Aquino Perpetuo
- Bio4Tec Lab, Environmental Research and Education Center, University of São Paulo, CEPEMA-POLI-USP, Cônego Domênico Rangoni Rd, 270 km, Cubatão, SP, Brazil; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Marine Science and Technology, PPG-ICTMar-UNIFESP, Carvalho de Mendonça Ave, 144, Santos, SP, Brazil; Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, IMar-UNIFESP, Carvalho de Mendonça Ave, 144, Santos, SP, Brazil
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21
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Almeida JC, Castro ÍB, Nunes BZ, Zanardi-Lamardo E. Antifouling booster biocides in Latin America and the Caribbean: A 20-year review. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 189:114718. [PMID: 36807046 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This review summarized booster biocides studies from Latin America and the Caribbean during the last two decades. Studies were focused on six countries, with most of them in Brazil. In water and sediment, diuron and Irgarol were the most abundant and frequent biocides, probably due to their former intense use. Antifouling paint particles were also reported and had mainly DCOIT, which is currently the most used booster biocide. Toxicity of individual booster biocides was tested in laboratory, and most effects were related to chlorothalonil, DCOIT, dichlofluanid, and Irgarol, including, but not limited to DNA damage, fertility decrease, and mortality at different trophic levels. This review highlighted the need for further studies on environmental occurrence of booster biocides in Latin America and Caribbean associated to ecotoxicological studies. Such information is essential to determine the potential ecological risks and to create directives regarding safe limits of booster biocides in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Cintra Almeida
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Arquitetura s/n - Cid. Universitária, CEP: 50740-550 Recife, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, CEP: 11030-400 Santos, SP, Brazil; PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Zachello Nunes
- PPG em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Arquitetura s/n - Cid. Universitária, CEP: 50740-550 Recife, Brazil.
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22
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Wang B, Tian L, Tian L, Wang X, He Y, Ji R. Insights into Health Risks of Face Paint Application to Opera Performers: The Release of Heavy Metals and Stage-Light-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:3703-3712. [PMID: 36820615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Face paints used by opera performers have been shown to contain high levels of heavy metals. However, whether frequent exposure, via dermal contact and inadvertent oral ingestion, results in occupational diseases is unknown, as is the potential exacerbation of toxicity by high-intensity irradiation from stage lights. In this study, we examined the release of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn from 40 face paints and the consequent health risks posed by different practical scenarios involving their use. The results showed that the in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the tested products was, on average, 7.0, 5.5, 19.9, and 7.9% through oral ingestion and 1.1, 2.2, 1.6, and 1.2% through dermal contact, respectively. Stage light irradiation significantly increased the IVBA associated with dermal contact, to the average of 4.8, 34.9, 5.7, and 1.9% for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The increase was mainly due to the light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly hydroxyl free radicals. The vitality and transcriptional response of 3D skin models as well as a quantitative risk assessment of skin sensitization indicated that dermal contact with face paints may induce predictable skin damage and potentially other skin diseases. Long-term exposure to face paints on stage may also pose a non-carcinogenic health risk. The demonstrated health risks to opera performers of face paint exposure should lead to strict regulations regarding the content of theatrical face paints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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23
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Sanz DS, García S, Trueba A, Islam H, Soares CG. Prediction of biological development effects on drag forces of ceramic hull coating using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes-based solver. Biofouling 2023; 39:289-302. [PMID: 37154076 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2209020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ships in service feature surfaces that exhibit biofouling, which alters the hydrodynamics of the vessels, thus affecting their normal displacement and significantly increasing their fuel consumption. The application of three types of ceramic coatings as ecological, effective and durable alternatives to commercial silicone-based marine coatings is investigated in this study. Three different ceramic glazes and two control commercial paints are analysed in an actual environment during 20 months of exposure to simulate the navigation conditions such that growth and roughness data can be obtained and then applied to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software using an open-source Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver. The CFD results are validated under smooth hull conditions with a full-scale Kriso Container Ship (KCS) model and with different levels of hull roughness. The developed approach shows that the drag in hulls coated with conventional paint is 19% greater than that in hulls with ceramic coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Sanz
- Department of Sciences & Techniques of Navigation and Shipbuilding, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sergio García
- Department of Sciences & Techniques of Navigation and Shipbuilding, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alfredo Trueba
- Department of Sciences & Techniques of Navigation and Shipbuilding, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Hafizul Islam
- Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Guedes Soares
- Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Wekumbura C, Hettiarachchi GM, Sobin C. Estimating the proportion of bioaccessible lead (BaPb) in household dust wipe samples: a comparison of IVBA and PBET methods. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2023; 58:127-138. [PMID: 36840601 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2178206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Established methods for using standardized dust wipes to collect and measure total lead in household dust are readily available but the use of dust wipes to measure bioaccessible lead (BaPb) is less clear. This study compared two in vitro methods for estimating the proportion of BaPb in dust collected into dust wipes including the US-EPA's in-vitro bioaccessible assay (IVBA) method at two pH (1.5 and 2.5) values; and the physiologically based extraction test (PBET 2.5 pH). Two types of simulated household dust samples (Pb-soil contaminated and Pb-paint contaminated) each with three Pb concentrations were created. Equal amounts of simulated dust were applied to a smooth surface and collected following the standard EPA dust wipe protocol and were analyzed for BaPb and total Pb (ASTM-E1644-17, ICP-OES). Estimated BaPb levels differed significantly by the method of extraction. Mean percent BaPb were IVBA pH 1.5, > 90% (Pb-paint) and 59-63% (Pb-soil); IVBA pH 2.5 78-86% (Pb-paint) and 45-50% (Pb-soil); PBET pH 2.5 56 to 61% (Pb-paint) and 41-50% Pb-soil). Particularly for lead-paint contaminated dust, PBET showed significantly greater discrimination as suggested by the broader range of BaPb values and closer approximation to total lead concentrations in simulated household dust samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Sobin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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25
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Tian L, Liu T, Yang J, Yang H, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Huang Q, Huang Z. Pyrolytic kinetics, reaction mechanisms and gas emissions of waste automotive paint sludge via TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. J Environ Manage 2023; 328:116962. [PMID: 36470002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study experimentally quantified the pyrolysis behaviors of waste solvent-based automotive paint sludge (OAPS) and water-based automotive paint sludge (WAPS) at four different heating rates using thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass (Py-GC/MS) spectrometry analyses. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods combined with the master-plots method were employed to investigate the pyrolysis kinetics and reaction mechanisms of waste automotive paint sludge. Three reaction stages and three reaction peaks in stage 2 were distinguished for both OAPS and WAPS degradation. The average activation energy (Ea) estimates for OAPS (FWO: 179.09 kJ/mol; KAS: 168.28 kJ/mol) were slightly higher than WAPS (FWO: 175.90 kJ/mol; KAS: 164.80 kJ/mol) according to FWO and KAS methods. The main pyrolysis reaction mechanisms of both OAPS and WAPS closely matched with the order-based model corresponding to 3rd and 2nd order random nucleation on an individual particle. The evolved gas species of CH4, CO2, phenols, NH3, H2O, and CO from OAPS and WAPS pyrolysis were identified by TG-FTIR. According to Py-GC/MS, hydrocarbons (47.2%) and O-components (42.7%) were relatively large after OAPS and WAPS pyrolysis, respectively. Melamine was the most abundant N-component product after pyrolysis of OAPS (5.8%) and WAPS (4.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jinzhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haoyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zechun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Payne MR, Turner A. Remote sensing of boat abandonment using Google Earth. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:15616-15622. [PMID: 36171317 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abandoned boats represent a pervasive and growing problem in the coastal zone that has received little regulatory or scientific attention. In this study, we show how Google Earth can be employed to remotely identify abandoned boats and provide information on their size, age and condition. Based on specified criteria for abandonment, a survey of southern England (1700 km in length) revealed the presence of 266 boats that were mainly located in the intertidal zones of estuaries and inlets and that were often contained within clusters. Boat length ranged from 2.6 to 60 m (median = 10.5 m), and since 2004 abandonment has been increasing at a rate of about eight per year. The majority of boats appeared to be of timber construction and exhibited evidence of damage and water-sediment ingression. The environmental impacts are likely to be most significant where boats are clustered on protected mudflats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent R Payne
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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27
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Roberts AR. Tears in My Snorkel Mask: An Artist's Love Affair with Nature's Hot Mess. Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci 2023; 27:87-103. [PMID: 36522300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Artistic practice can be fueled by a sense of wonder connected with the natural world and all of its layers of color, pattern, texture and movements. As an autodidact I have pursued an understanding of the sciences in the time my life allows, listening to audible sources such as books and podcasts and watching film content. I'm also very comfortable in the outdoors hiking and camping my whole life and experiencing and observing nature is an integral piece of my artwork. Being neurodivergent in some undiagnosed way is my path, I search out what nurtures and excites my brain and I try to bring the beauty and experience to the canvas in acrylic paint. My intellect searches for edification as I can find it, and that is how my work has arrived in your publication. My self-teaching is a trail of breadcrumbs, and I would welcome any correspondence from the members of this organization sharing scientific material relating to any of my paintings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Roberts
- Resident Painter, Western Avenue Studios and Lofts, Lowell MA
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28
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Cima F, Varello R. Potential disruptive effects of copper-based antifouling paints on the biodiversity of coastal macrofouling communities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:8633-8646. [PMID: 35001280 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The expanded use of copper(I)-based antifouling paints (AF) has increased copper leaching into coastal environments, requiring attention and legislative restrictions for potential long-term effects on benthic populations. The ecological succession of macrofouling communities was analysed on wooden and stainless steel panels coated with four copper(I)-based AF (Paints A-D) immersed for 10 months in the Lagoon of Venice. With the exception of Paint B, which contained only copper(I) compounds and was based on hard-matrix technology, the other paints were based on self-polishing matrices and various booster biocides. The booster content was a mix of TBT compounds for Paint A, dichlofluanid for Paint C, Irgarol 1051, and chlorothalonil for Paint D. The macrofouling communities appeared dissimilar to those on the reference uncoated panels as regard the species richness, the coverage areas, and the biocoenosis structure. Generally, green algae, bryozoans, and barnacles were the most tolerant taxa and a negative species selection occurred for sponges, serpulids, and ascidians. Paints A and D showed the highest performance, and Paint D also prevented molluscs on wood panels. Paints B and C rapidly decreased their efficiency, the first probably due to the insoluble matrix with the highest biocidal leaching rate, and the second due to the presence of a booster with low toxicity. Paint B also inhibited red algae and molluscs, but Paint C did not reveal significant differences in types of species settlements with reference panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cima
- Laboratory of Ascidian Biology, Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Roberta Varello
- Laboratory of Ascidian Biology, Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
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29
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Jaini M, Namboothri N. Boat paint and epoxy fragments - Leading contributors of microplastic pollution in surface waters of a protected Andaman bay. Chemosphere 2023; 312:137183. [PMID: 36356818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a growing concern even in India's remotest oceanic islands. To understand the extent of the problem in relatively undisturbed areas of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, we nested a microplastic survey within a year-long meroplankton study in the protected bay of the Lohabarrack salt water crocodile sanctuary, that lies on the less populated west coast of South Andaman Island. Surveys recovered microplastics year-round, in 299 out of 300 samples. The average microplastic density in the protected bay was 0.45 ± 0.32 particles per m3. Densities were highest during the monsoon, peaking at 2.34 particles per m3. Marine coating fragments (boat paint and epoxy, 58%) dominated the plastic debris composition year-round, while fibre only amounted to 15%. Marine coating fragments were most frequently encountered during the pre-monsoon, while fibres and other miscellaneous debris grew in abundance during the monsoon and post-monsoon months. Marine coating fragments were eaten by arrow worms, gastropods, appendicularians and Lucifer shrimp, and constituted 7% of the arrow worm diet. Microplastic density and composition found in this west facing protected bay was in stark contrast to the previously published observations from the east facing, human dominated Port Blair bay, providing clear indication of sources and potential mitigation strategies. This is the first year-long record of ocean plastics from the Andaman Islands, India and it provides evidence of pollution by boat paint and epoxy particles, an often-overlooked component of microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Jaini
- Dakshin Foundation, #2203, D Block, 8th Main, 16th D Cross, Sahakar Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560092, India.
| | - Naveen Namboothri
- Dakshin Foundation, #2203, D Block, 8th Main, 16th D Cross, Sahakar Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560092, India
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30
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Hannah TJ, Megson D, Sandau CD. A review of the mechanisms of by-product PCB formation in pigments, dyes and paints. Sci Total Environ 2022; 852:158529. [PMID: 36063921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increased awareness of paints and pigments as a source of by-product PCBs in the environment. The majority of existing work has focused only on reporting the presence of the main PCBs in different products with a specific focus on the most PCB congeners, PCB11 and PCB209. This gives the impression that only a handful of PCBs are found in paints. However, this is not the case. PCB profiles in paints and pigments can be just as complex as commercial technical mixtures. This review identified the presence of 149 different PCBs in paint samples. For reference, only 141 different PCBs have been reported in all of the 5 main commercial Aroclor formulations (A1016, A1242, A1248, A1254 (early & late) and A1260). The total PCB concentrations in some paint samples can be substantial, with concentrations as high as 919 mg kg-1 reported in azo pigments. When trying to identify sources of PCBs in the environment, pigments, dyes and paints are often overlooked. In this manuscript, we have compiled congener profiles from 140 different samples from the available scientific literature and presented this in the supplementary information as valuable resource for others to use in source identification applications. We have also proposed detailed mechanisms for the formation of PCBs in pigments, dyes and paints. In many cases, the PCB congeners predicted by these mechanisms provide an excellent match for what has been observed in the scientific literature. We have also identified several additional classes of pigments that are expected to contain PCBs but have yet to be verified by experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Megson
- Chemistry Matters, Calgary, AB, Canada; Manchester Metropolitan University, Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Manchester, UK.
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Pierer A, Hauser M, Hoffmann M, Naumann M, Wiener T, de León MAL, Mende M, Koziorek J, Dix M. Inline Quality Monitoring of Reverse Extruded Aluminum Parts with Cathodic Dip- Paint Coating (KTL). Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9646. [PMID: 36560017 PMCID: PMC9787559 DOI: 10.3390/s22249646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfectly coated surfaces are an essential quality feature in the automotive and consumer goods industries. They are the result of an optimized, controlled coating process. Because entire assemblies could be rejected if Out-of-Specification (OOS) parts are installed, this has a severe economic impact. This paper presents a novel, line-integrated multi-camera system with intelligent algorithms for anomaly detection on small KTL-coated aluminum parts. The system also aims to automatize the previously used human inspection to a sophisticated and automated vision system that efficiently detects defects and anomalies on coated parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pierer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Markus Hauser
- Benseler Beschichtungen GmbH & Co. KG, 70806 Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Martin Naumann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiener
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Melvin Alexis Lara de León
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Ostrava (VŠB-TUO), 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Mattias Mende
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jiří Koziorek
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Ostrava (VŠB-TUO), 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dix
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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32
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Cahuas L, Muensterman DJ, Kim-Fu ML, Reardon PN, Titaley IA, Field JA. Paints: A Source of Volatile PFAS in Air─Potential Implications for Inhalation Exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:17070-17079. [PMID: 36367233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paints are widely used in indoor settings yet there are no data for volatile per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for paints or knowledge if paints are potentially important sources of human exposure to PFAS. Different commercial paints (n = 27) were collected from local hardware stores and analyzed for volatile PFAS by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nonvolatile PFAS by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF), and total fluorine by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Diluted paint required clean up to remove 6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (diPAP), which thermally transforms into 6:2 FTOH at 280 °C (GC inlet temperature). Only 6:2 FTOH (0.9-83 μg/g) and 6:2 diPAP (0.073-58 μg/g) were found in five exterior and nine interior paints and only accounted for a maximum of 17% of total fluorine. Upon drying, 40% of the FTOH mass was lost, and the loss was verified by measurements of the cumulative FTOH mass measured in the air of a small, confined space over a 3 h period. Based on the liquid paint results, the ConsExpo model was used for potential exposure assessment and one commercial paint exceeded the chosen reference dose (5 μg/kg-day) for children and adults, indicating the potential for human exposure during painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Cahuas
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Derek J Muensterman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Mitchell L Kim-Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Patrick N Reardon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ivan A Titaley
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jennifer A Field
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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33
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Uchida K, Ozawa Y, Asai K, Nonomura T. Photostability Enhancement of Dual-Luminophore Pressure-Sensitive Paint by Adding Antioxidants. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9470. [PMID: 36502171 PMCID: PMC9737354 DOI: 10.3390/s22239470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants were applied to a dual-luminophore pressure-sensitive paint (PSP), and the effects on photodegradation caused by exposure to excitation light were studied. Three types of antioxidants that are commonly used for the photostability enhancement of polymers were added to a dual-luminophore PSP, and degradation rates and pressure/temperature sensitivities were investigated by coupon-based tests. One-hour-long aging tests were performed in a pressure chamber with a continuous excitation light source under dry air and argon atmospheres at 100 kPa and 20 °C. As a result of the aging tests, a singlet oxygen quencher type antioxidant was found to reduce the degradation rate by 91% when compared with the dual-luminophore PSP without antioxidants. This implies that singlet oxygen has a dominant role in the photodegradation mechanism of the dual-luminophore PSP.
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Cavallaro MC, Sanders CJ, Hladik ML. Measured efficacy, bioaccumulation, and leaching of a transfluthrin-based insecticidal paint: a case study with a nuisance, nonbiting aquatic insect. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:5413-5422. [PMID: 36057132 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pest management professionals will require a diverse, adaptive abatement toolbox to combat advanced challenges from disease vector and nuisance insect populations. Designed for post-application longevity, insecticidal paints offer extended residual effects on targeted insect pest populations; a measured understanding of active ingredient bioavailability over time is valuable to fully assess treatment efficacy and potential environmental risks. This study was initiated because a nuisance net-spinning caddisfly, Smicridea fasciatella, is lowering the quality of life for riverfront residents at the type locality. RESULTS We tested the efficacy and potential mobility of a transfluthrin-based paint (a.i. 0.50%), comparing the impacts of UV exposure and substrate texture over time. Direct UV exposure decreased efficacy (β ± S.E. = 0.008 ± 0.001, P < 0.001) and a coarse texture maintained greater efficacy (β ± S.E. = -3.7 ± 1.3, P = 0.004) over time. Notably, the coarse texture + indirect UV treatment maintained 100% mortality after 240 days. UV exposure and substrate texture did not have a significant impact on leachate concentrations over time, and successive immersion tests indicated a two-phase emission pattern. Bioaccumulation increased with time on the cuticle of dead adult S. fasciatella; after 24 h of direct exposure the concentration of transfluthrin was 25.3 ± 0.9 ng/caddisfly with a maximum concentration of 345 ng/caddisfly after 7 days. CONCLUSION Our predictions were validated with measured, time-dependent impacts on efficacy, leachability, and bioaccumulation. Because of the mobility of active ingredient in the environment, insecticidal paints merit low-impact protocols to improve public health outcomes and environmental safety. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cavallaro
- Bullhead City Pest Abatement District, Bullhead City, AZ, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Corey J Sanders
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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35
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Briant N, Freydier R, Araújo DF, Delpoux S, Elbaz-Poulichet F. Cu isotope records of Cu-based antifouling paints in sediment core profiles from the largest European Marina, The Port Camargue. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157885. [PMID: 35944646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of copper (Cu) compounds as an alternative biocide in antifouling paints (APs) has resulted in wide Cu contamination into the marine environment, especially near marina harbor activities. In this work, the applicability of Cu isotopes to discriminate Cu origins related to the use of Cu-based APs in marine environments was tested. To this, Cu isotopes in APs, shipyard sludges, and sediment cores sampled in the Cu-contaminated Mediterranean marina of Port Camargue were determined. APs represent an important dominant anthropogenic source for metals in this site, making it ideal to test Cu isotopes as tracers. The overall isotope composition of four sediment cores and a surface sample varied between -0.13 and 0.44 ‰ (δ65Cu relative to NIST-976). Selected APs brands show a similar Cu concentration ~0.15 % and δ65Cu average of 0.54 ± 0.05 ‰. The plot of δ65Cu vs concentration for all datasets allowed dissociating natural and APs end-members. However, sample isotope systematics were not consistent with a conservative mixing binary source process. Heavily Cu-contaminated sediments show isotope signatures lighter than APs brands. However, the most Cu-contaminated sample, located directly above the careening area, shows a δ65Cu slightly lighter than APs (0.44 ‰ vs 0.54 ‰, respectively). Results suggest the preferential releasing of a heavy isotope pool by APs when these compounds are solubilized in seawater. The isotope fractionation was attributed to potential chemical Cu coordination changes during its elemental partition between paint and marina seawater and the fractionation induced by the organic ligands in the water column, before deposition. Further laboratory experiments are recommended to model the isotope fractionation mechanisms related to Cu release by APs. Because the APs' isotope signature is modified in marine environments, the use of Cu isotopes as tracers of AP in marine environments is challenging and needs more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Rémi Freydier
- Laboratoire HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Université Montpellier, IRD, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, CC 57, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel F Araújo
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Delpoux
- Laboratoire HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Université Montpellier, IRD, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, CC 57, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Elbaz-Poulichet
- Laboratoire HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Université Montpellier, IRD, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, CC 57, 34090 Montpellier, France
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36
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Lorentzen JC, Johanson G, Björk F, Stensson S. Overcrowding and Hazardous Dwelling Condition Characteristics: A Systematic Search and Scoping Review of Relevance for Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15542. [PMID: 36497612 PMCID: PMC9736286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crowding in dwellings is an important public health issue. We hypothesize that overcrowding may cause indirect health effects by adversely affecting the dwelling itself, for example, by increasing dampness leading to mold. We therefore performed a systematic search and a scoping review on overcrowding leading to dwelling condition characteristics of relevance for health. A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases up to 5 March 2021. The search yielded 100 records with relevant information. We found that overcrowding is defined in numerous ways and often address "socially deprived" populations. Six studies report associations of overcrowding with at least one dwelling condition characteristic, namely lead, cadmium, microorganism distribution, dust mite and cockroach allergens in dust, cockroach infestation, peeling paint, and mold. One of the studies reports associations between several characteristics, e.g., association of mold with cleanliness and rodent infestation, and points out the common use of pesticides. Additional characteristics were extracted from the remaining 94 records, without data on statistical associations with overcrowding. Our review suggests that multiple potentially hazardous dwelling condition characteristics often coincide in overcrowded dwellings. The epidemiological attribution of health effects to any characteristic is therefore difficult. Causal relationships are even more difficult to establish, as overcrowding is also associated with a range of social and other circumstances that may affect health. The complexity should be considered by scientists and practitioners dealing with overcrowding in dwellings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny C. Lorentzen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Integrative Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, SE-113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Integrative Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Folke Björk
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Stensson
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden
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Hatheway Marshall E, Fimbres DP, Musick A, French R, Martin J, Sharma P. Paint Me a Picture: Adding Patient Imaging Experiences and Radiology to a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship. Acad Med 2022; 97:S129. [PMID: 37838862 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hatheway Marshall
- Author affiliations: E. Hatheway Marshall, D.P. Fimbres, A. Musick, Duke University School of Medicine; R. French, J. Martin, Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology; P. Sharma, Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine
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Nasri A, Huang X. Images Enhancement of Ancient Mural Painting of Bey's Palace Constantine, Algeria and Lacuna Extraction Using Mahalanobis Distance Classification Approach. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6643. [PMID: 36081102 PMCID: PMC9460039 DOI: 10.3390/s22176643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a result of human activity and environmental changes, several types of damages may occur to ancient mural paintings; indeed, lacunae, which refer to the area of paint layer loss, are the most prevalent kind. The presence of lacuna is an essential sign of the progress of mural painting deterioration. Most studies have focused on detecting and removing cracks from old paintings. However, lacuna extraction has not received the necessary consideration and is not well-explored. Furthermore, most recent studies have focused on using deep learning for mural protection and restoration, but deep learning requires a large amount of data and computational resources which is not always available in heritage institutions. In this paper, we present an efficient method to automatically extract lacunae and map deterioration from RGB images of ancient mural paintings of Bey's Palace in Algeria. Firstly, a preprocessing was applied using Dark Channel Prior (DCP) to enhance the quality and improve visibility of the murals. Secondly, a determination of the training sample and pixel's grouping was assigned to their closest sample based on Mahalanobis Distance (MD) by calculating both the mean and variance of the classes in three bands (R, G, and B), in addition to the covariance matrix of all the classes to achieve lacuna extraction of the murals. Finally, the accuracy of extraction was calculated. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can achieve a conspicuously high accuracy of 94.33% in extracting lacunae from ancient mural paintings, thus supporting the work of a specialist in heritage institutions in terms of the time- and cost-consuming documentation process.
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Can-Güven E, Yazici Guvenc S, Ilhan F, Varank G. Application of combined EO/PMS/Me 2+ process in organic matter and true color removal from paint manufacturing industry wastewater. Environ Res 2022; 212:113451. [PMID: 35537495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of paint manufacturing industry wastewater by electrooxidation (EO) process in which peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and transition metals are added was investigated. In the EO/PMS process, graphite was the cathode while different anode materials (Ti/IrO2, Ti/RuO2, and Ti/SnO2) were used. The anode with the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and true color removal efficiency was selected. To determine the catalyst effect on the process, different transition metals (Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) were added and Fe2+ was chosen as the catalyst which provided higher removal efficiency and lower cost. The central composite design was applied for the optimization of the process variables of the EO/PMS/Fe2+ process. Current density, PMS dose, Fe2+ dose, and reaction time were process variables whereas COD and true color removal efficiency were system responses. Under optimum conditions (200 A/m2 current density, 14 mM PMS dose, 2.5 mM Fe2+ dose, 60 min reaction time), the estimated COD and true color removal efficiency by the model were 74.89% and 99.86%, respectively. The experimentally obtained COD and true color removal efficiencies as a result of validation studies were 74.28% and 99.03%, respectively. Quenching experiments showed that hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were both involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Can-Güven
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ilhan
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Varank
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ytreberg E, Hansson K, Hermansson AL, Parsmo R, Lagerström M, Jalkanen JP, Hassellöv IM. Metal and PAH loads from ships and boats, relative other sources, in the Baltic Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:113904. [PMID: 35878478 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is a sensitive environment that is affected by chemical pollution derived from multiple natural and anthropogenic sources. The overall aim of this study was to estimate the load of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from shipping and leisure boating, relative other sources, to the Baltic Sea and to identify possible measures that could lead to major reductions in the loads of hazardous substances from maritime shipping and leisure boating. The use of copper-based antifouling paints, and operation of scrubbers in open loop mode, were the two most dominant identified sources of hazardous substances to the Baltic Sea. Open loop scrubbers accounted for 8.5 % of the total input of anthracene to the sea. More than a third of the total load of copper can be reduced if copper-free antifouling paints or other biocide-free antifouling strategies are used on ships and leisure boats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ytreberg
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Katarina Hansson
- IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 53021, 40014 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lunde Hermansson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Parsmo
- IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 53021, 40014 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Lagerström
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palmenin aukio 1, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ida-Maja Hassellöv
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Turner A. Metal contamination of intertidal sediment and macroalgae in an area impacted by paint from abandoned boats. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:113958. [PMID: 35932725 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metals commonly employed in boat paint (Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn) have been determined in 63-μm-fractionated intertidal sediments and in Ulva lactuca and Fucus vesiculosus sampled in the vicinity of abandoned vessels. Metal concentrations in sediment were elevated but highly variable, both between sites and amongst replicates from the same site (e.g., mean Cu ~ 100 to 1200 mg kg-1; mean Pb ~ 130 to 6900 mg kg-1) due to heterogeneous contamination by metal-rich boat paint particles. Concentrations of all metals except Zn were higher in U. lactuca than F. vesiculosus but in both species metal levels were also elevated and variable. These observations were attributed to contamination by sediment particles and physical and chemical interactions between fine, suspended or deposited paint particles and the algal surface. The latter interactions act as a means by which boat paint metals may enter the foodchain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Liu Z, Huang Z, Yan Y, Liu T, Lv T, Chen Y, Yang J, Die Q, Zhao Y, Huang Q. Characterizing the emission behaviors of cumulative VOCs from automotive solvent-based paint sludge. J Environ Manage 2022; 317:115369. [PMID: 35623130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) diffused from paint sludge are potential hazard contributing significantly to environmental pollution and exposure to them can cause severe health issues. In this paper, a diffusion-controlled model was firstly developed for characterizing the emission behaviors of cumulative VOCs from automotive solvent-based paint sludge based on the worst field management scenario. The presented model is characterized by two key parameters: the diffusion coefficient (Dm) and the initial emittable concentration (Cm,0), which can be simultaneously obtained by our proposed ER-history method. Four major components were detected including 1-butanol, butyl acetate and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene. In addition, the model was validated by using environmental data in a ventilated test chamber, proving that the model is reliable and convincing. However, relative deviations of 1-butanol and butyl acetate are larger than those of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene, indicating that the model is more accurate for predicting hydrophobic VOCs release than those of hydrophilic VOCs. Besides, an increase in Cm,0 and Dm tends to enhance VOCs cumulation release. Our studies provide new insight into experimental designs for rapid model parameters measurement and a sound basis for estimating VOCs cumulative release from paint sludge as well as for hazardous waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zechun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yusen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tianfeng Lv
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jinzhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qingqi Die
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Becker F, Marcantonio F, Datta S, Wichterich C, Cizmas L, Surber J, Kennedy K, Bowles E. Tracking the source of contaminant lead in children's blood. Environ Res 2022; 212:113307. [PMID: 35447155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pb isotope ratios are used for apportioning the sources of Pb in the blood of children (ages 1-6) screened for high blood Pb levels (>5 μg/dL) surrounding urban areas of Kansas City, MO. We compared Pb isotope ratios measured in the child's blood with those of the most likely sources of Pb in that child's home environment. The environmental sources sampled consisted of topsoils, paints, occupational sources (e.g., oil rig workers' uniforms, mechanics' clothes), indoor air filters, dusts, and dietary sources (e.g., spices). Blood lead levels (BLL) ranged from 2.9 to 12.7 μg/dL in children from the five homes participating in this study. Measurements of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios were made by multi-collector ICP-MS. Comparison of the Pb isotope ratios in home environment samples versus those in the child's blood in each home allowed the identification of possible sources of a child's Pb exposure in three homes. In five homes investigated, children's blood Pb levels were most likely to be derived from dusts inside, and topsoil outside, the homes, or a mixture thereof. In one case, blood Pb was derived from turmeric spice and, in another, the Pb was derived from paint. It is not always possible to directly link high BLLs to the environmental sources collected when Pb isotope ratios of the environmental samples did not overlap with those of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Becker
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - F Marcantonio
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - S Datta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C Wichterich
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - L Cizmas
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Surber
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - K Kennedy
- Children's Mercy Kansas City Environmental Health Program, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - E Bowles
- Children's Mercy Kansas City Environmental Health Program, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Tanzer-Gruener R, Rajan PE, Dugan LD, Bier ME, Robinson AL, Presto AA. Watching Paint Dry: Organic Vapor Emissions from Architectural Coatings and their Impact on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:11236-11245. [PMID: 35929857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from volatile chemical products (VCPs) are emerging as a major source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. Paints and coatings are an important class of VCPs that emit both volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds (VOCs and IVOCs). In this study, we directly measured I/VOC emissions from representative water- (latex) and oil-based paints used in the U.S. Paint I/VOC emissions vary by several orders of magnitude by both the solvent and gloss level. Oil-based paints had the highest emissions (>105 μg/g-paint), whereas low-gloss interior paints (Flat, Satin, and Semigloss) all emitted ∼102 μg/g-paint. Emissions from interior paints are dominated by VOCs, whereas exterior-use paints emitted a larger fraction of IVOCs. Extended emission tests showed that most I/VOC emissions occur within 12-24 h after paint application, though some paints continue to emit IVOCs for 48 h or more. We used our data to estimate paint I/VOC emissions and the subsequent SOA production in the U.S. Total annual paint I/VOC emissions are 48-155 Gg (0.15-0.48 kg/person). These emissions contribute to the formation of 2.2-7.5 Gg of SOA annually. Oil-based paints contribute 70-98% of I/VOC emissions and 61-99% of SOA formation, even though they only account for a minority of paint usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Tanzer-Gruener
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Pavithra Ethi Rajan
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liam D Dugan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mark E Bier
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Allen L Robinson
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Albert A Presto
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Al-Nami SY, Al-Qahtani SD, Snari RM, Ibarhiam SF, Alfi AA, Aldawsari AM, El-Metwaly NM. Preparation of photoluminescent and anticorrosive epoxy paints immobilized with nanoscale graphene from sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:60173-60188. [PMID: 35419683 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste has been one of the most common solid pollutants worldwide. Thus, introducing a simple method to convert sugarcane bagasse into value-added materials has been highly significant. Herein, we develop a simple and green strategy to reprocess sugarcane bagasse as a starting material for the preparation of graphene oxide nanosheets toward the preparation of novel photoluminescent, hydrophobic, and anticorrosive epoxy nanocomposite coatings integrated with lanthanide-doped aluminate nanoparticles. Environmentally friendly graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures were provided by a single-step preparation procedure from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) agricultural waste using ferrocene-based oxidation under muffled conditions. The oxidized SCB nanostructures were applied as a drier, anticorrosion, and crosslinking agent for epoxy coatings. Different concentrations of pigment phosphor were applied onto the epoxy coating. The generated epoxy-graphene-aluminate (EGA) paints were then coated onto mild steel. The hydrophobic properties and hardness as well as resistance to scratch of the EGA paints were examined. The transparency and colorimetric screening of the EGA nanocomposite paints were determined by the absorption spectral analysis and CIE Lab parameters. The luminescent translucent paints demonstrated a bright green emission at 520 nm when excited at 372 nm. The anticorrosion properties of the painted steel submerged in NaCl(aq) were inspected by the electrochemical impedance spectral (EIS) method. The EGA paints with phosphor (11% w/w) exhibited the most distinct anti-corrosion properties and long-persistent luminescence. The produced paints displayed high durability and photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Y Al-Nami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salhah D Al-Qahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan M Snari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saham F Ibarhiam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Abdulaziz Alfi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah M Aldawsari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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46
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Nall CR, Schläppy ML, Cottier-Cook EJ, Guerin AJ. Influence of coating type, colour, and deployment timing on biofouling by native and non-native species in a marine renewable energy context. Biofouling 2022; 38:729-745. [PMID: 36100232 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling on marine renewable energy devices presents engineering challenges for this developing sector, and has implications for the spread of marine non-native species (NNS) in coastal waters. This is particularly true at sites with abundant energy resource, little existing infrastructure, and few established NNS. Device coatings, such as antifouling paints, could reduce the risk of NNS spread. Settlement on coatings of various types and colours, representing those likely to be used on renewable energy devices, was assessed in the Orkney Islands, northern Scotland. Assemblage composition, but not overall biofouling cover, varied initially among different coloured surfaces, although differences decreased over time. Different coating types (an anticorrosive paint, a biocidal paint and a fouling-release coating) differed in biofouling abundance and composition for the full duration of the experiment. NNS were mostly, but not completely, absent from antifouling surfaces. These results can help informing antifouling strategies for the marine renewable energy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Nall
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK
| | - Marie-Lise Schläppy
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Cottier-Cook
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Argyll, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Guerin
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK
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Kim S, Park SM, Bak S, Kim GH, Kim CS, Jun J, Kim CE, Kim K. Investigation of craquelure patterns in oil paintings using precise 3D morphological analysis for art authentication. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272078. [PMID: 35901186 PMCID: PMC9333328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of scientific technology for art authentication has elicited multidimensional evidence to distinguish forgeries from original artwork. Here, we analyzed the three-dimensional morphology of cracks that contain information, such as the painting features of artworks, using optical coherence tomography. The forgeries were produced by an expert from original oil paintings with cracks that occur owing to paint drying, canvas aging, and physical damage. Parameters, such as shape, width, and depth, were compared based on the cross-sectional images of the original and fake cracks. The original cracks were rectangular and inverted, but the fake cracks were relatively simple inverted triangles. The original cracks were as deep as the thickness of the upper layer and mostly were "thin/deep" or "wide/shallow". The fake cracks were observed to be "'thin/shallow" or "wide/deep". This study aims to improve the understanding of crack characteristics and promote the development of techniques for determining art authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Bak
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Hun Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonja Jun
- Department of Fine Arts, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Kim
- Department of Fine Arts, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyujung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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48
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49
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Gao C, Zhao X, Li T. Effects of indoor VOCs from paint on human brain activities during working memory tasks: An electroencephalogram study. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e13062. [PMID: 35904389 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As more and more people stay inside the building for a long time, the indoor environment has a great effect on their health, mood, and work efficiency. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals reflect electrical activity originating from neuronal firing when a task or activity is performed. Since there was no study on the effect of indoor air on nerves, this study utilized EEG to preliminarily explore the brain functions of subjects during working memory tasks with different difficulties. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as odor irritants in the air. We expected to find the difference in subjects' EEG signals between VOCs and low-VOCs. The EEG signals from 60 electrodes were analyzed by event-related potential (ERP), event-related spectral power (ERSP), and correlation network methods to describe the brain activity. We compared the results of subjects in VOCs and low-VOCs and found significant differences between ERP and ERSP in the alpha band during a simple working memory task. Subjects were more sensitive to the VOCs in simple tasks than in complex tasks. Our work provided evidence of odor effects on brain functions and could be used to guide the design of indoor odor in home, offices, and classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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50
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Pozo-Antonio JS, Rivas T, González N, Alonso-Villar EM. Deterioration of graffiti spray paints applied on granite after a decade of natural environment. Sci Total Environ 2022; 826:154169. [PMID: 35231519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graffiti spray paints are commonly used in contemporaneous mural paintings in public spaces, contributing to the transformation of sites and urban life. These outdoor artworks are now beginning to show different deterioration forms, such as physical-mechanical alteration (loss of material and cohesion, etc.) and chromatic changes. However, the deterioration has not been formally characterized, and the influence of the paint composition and underlying substrate are not known. In this study, three non-metallic (red, blue and black) alkyd graffiti spray paints and one metallic (silver) polyethylene graffiti spray paint were applied to two granite stones with different mineralogy and texture and exposed to a natural urban-marine environment near Vigo (NW Spain) for one decade (2010-2020). Physical changes were evaluated by stereomicroscopy, colour spectrophotometry, measurements of gloss, surface roughness and static contact angle, and peeling test. Mineralogical changes were determined by x-ray diffraction and molecular changes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, micromorphological and chemical characterization of the surfaces was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. Physical-mechanical changes, such as craquelure and paint loss, depended on the texture of the granite. More specifically, paint on the granite with the finest grain size showed most intense cracking and loss of material. Chemical changes, which were not related to the granite substrate, were most intense in the red and silver paint coatings. In the red paint, loss of binder was accompanied by an intense fading of the colour (due to titanium dioxide relative enrichment), while in the silver paint coating, chemical changes occurred in both the organic binder and aluminium particles, thus darkening the colour. Fewer chemical changes were observed in the blue and black paints. Physical and chemical changes detected in these paints were not correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Pozo-Antonio
- CINTECX, GESSMin group, Dpto. de Enxeñaría de Recursos Naturais e Medio Ambiente, Escola de Enxeñaría de Minas e Enerxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - T Rivas
- CINTECX, GESSMin group, Dpto. de Enxeñaría de Recursos Naturais e Medio Ambiente, Escola de Enxeñaría de Minas e Enerxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - N González
- CINTECX, GESSMin group, Dpto. de Enxeñaría de Recursos Naturais e Medio Ambiente, Escola de Enxeñaría de Minas e Enerxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - E M Alonso-Villar
- CINTECX, GESSMin group, Dpto. de Enxeñaría de Recursos Naturais e Medio Ambiente, Escola de Enxeñaría de Minas e Enerxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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