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Becker F, Marcantonio F, Datta S, Wichterich C, Cizmas L, Surber J, Kennedy K, Bowles E. Tracking the source of contaminant lead in children's blood. Environ Res 2022; 212:113307. [PMID: 35447155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pb isotope ratios are used for apportioning the sources of Pb in the blood of children (ages 1-6) screened for high blood Pb levels (>5 μg/dL) surrounding urban areas of Kansas City, MO. We compared Pb isotope ratios measured in the child's blood with those of the most likely sources of Pb in that child's home environment. The environmental sources sampled consisted of topsoils, paints, occupational sources (e.g., oil rig workers' uniforms, mechanics' clothes), indoor air filters, dusts, and dietary sources (e.g., spices). Blood lead levels (BLL) ranged from 2.9 to 12.7 μg/dL in children from the five homes participating in this study. Measurements of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios were made by multi-collector ICP-MS. Comparison of the Pb isotope ratios in home environment samples versus those in the child's blood in each home allowed the identification of possible sources of a child's Pb exposure in three homes. In five homes investigated, children's blood Pb levels were most likely to be derived from dusts inside, and topsoil outside, the homes, or a mixture thereof. In one case, blood Pb was derived from turmeric spice and, in another, the Pb was derived from paint. It is not always possible to directly link high BLLs to the environmental sources collected when Pb isotope ratios of the environmental samples did not overlap with those of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Becker
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - F Marcantonio
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - S Datta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C Wichterich
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - L Cizmas
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Surber
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - K Kennedy
- Children's Mercy Kansas City Environmental Health Program, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - E Bowles
- Children's Mercy Kansas City Environmental Health Program, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Menzies A, Bowles E, Gallant M, Patterson H, Kozmik C, Chiblow S, McGregor D, Ford A, Popp J. “I see my culture starting to disappear”: Anishinaabe perspectives on the socioecological impacts of climate change and future research needs. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change disproportionately affects Indigenous Peoples because of strong connections between environmental, cultural, and spiritual well-being. While much of the global discourse surrounding climate change is founded in Western science, the holistic, place-based knowledge of Indigenous Peoples offers a complementary way of understanding and mitigating climate change impacts. The goal of this research was to elevate Anishinaabe concerns, observations, and perspectives about climate change impacts and future research needs. We organized a workshop called “Connecting Guardians in a Changing World” where participants shared concerns about animal and plant life cycles, water cycles and water quality, and impacts to ways of life, including reduced capacity to perform cultural practices and erosion of their knowledge. Participants highlighted the challenge of prioritizing a single impact of climate change, emphasizing that impacts to the environment and ways of life are interconnected. Participants also expressed the need for research and policy that move beyond interdisciplinarity to include intercultural philosophy and research that better reflects Indigenous worldviews and incorporates Indigenous methodologies. Moving forward, meaningful partnerships and opportunities for knowledge sharing should be prioritized in climate change discourse to ensure solutions are generated together, with all of the tools and knowledge available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Menzies
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E. Bowles
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - M. Gallant
- Department of Geography and Environment, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1E2, Canada
| | - H. Patterson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C. Kozmik
- Lands and Resources Department, Magnetawan First Nation, ON P0G 1A0, Canada
| | - S. Chiblow
- Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Garden River First Nation, ON, Canada
| | - D. McGregor
- Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z3, Canada
| | - A. Ford
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - J.N. Popp
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1E2, Canada
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Yates MC, Bowles E, Fraser DJ. Small population size and low genomic diversity have no effect on fitness in experimental translocations of a wild fish. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191989. [PMID: 31771476 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Little empirical work in nature has quantified how wild populations with varying effective population sizes and genetic diversity perform when exposed to a gradient of ecologically important environmental conditions. To achieve this, juvenile brook trout from 12 isolated populations or closed metapopulations that differ substantially in population size and genetic diversity were transplanted to previously fishless ponds spanning a wide gradient of ecologically important variables. We evaluated the effect of genome-wide variation, effective population size (Ne), pond habitat, and initial body size on two fitness correlates (survival and growth). Genetic variables had no effect on either fitness correlate, which was determined primarily by habitat (pond temperature, depth, and pH) and initial body size. These results suggest that some vertebrate populations with low genomic diversity, low Ne, and long-term isolation can represent important sources of variation and are capable of maintaining fitness in, and ultimately persisting and adapting to, changing environments. Our results also reinforce the paramount importance of improving available habitat and slowing habitat degradation for species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Yates
- Department of Biology, UQAM, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.,Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and Aquatic Environment (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - E Bowles
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - D J Fraser
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6.,Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and Aquatic Environment (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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Morris MRJ, Petrovitch E, Bowles E, Jamniczky HA, Rogers SM. Exploring Jordan's rule in Pacific three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:645-663. [PMID: 28776706 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine Gasterosteus aculeatus were captured from seven locations along the Pacific coast of North America, ranging across 21·8° latitude to test Jordan's rule, i.e. that vertebral number should increase with increasing latitude for related populations of fish. Vertebral number significantly increased with increasing latitude for both total and caudal vertebral number. Increasing length with latitude (sensu Bergmann's rule) was also supported, but the predictions for Jordan's rule held when controlling for standard length. Pleomerism was weakly evidenced. Gasterosteus aculeatus exhibited sexual dimorphism for Jordan's rule, with both sexes having more vertebrae at higher latitudes, but only males showing a positive association between latitude and the ratio of caudal to abdominal vertebrae. The number of dorsal- and anal-fin rays and basals increased with increasing latitude, while pectoral-fin ray number decreased. This study reinforces the association between phenotypic variation and environmental variation in marine populations of G. aculeatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R J Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - E Petrovitch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - E Bowles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - H A Jamniczky
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - S M Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Pistore A, Barry T, Bowles E, Sharma R, Vanderzwan S, Rogers S, Jamniczky H. Characterizing phenotypic divergence using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics in four populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus; Pisces: Gasterosteidae) in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) is a vertebrate model for the study of the relationship between phenotype and environment in facilitating rapid evolutionary change. Using four populations from a system of lakes in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska, and microcomputed tomography and three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we test the hypothesis that stickleback populations inhabiting freshwater environments display cranial phenotypes that are intermediate between the putative ancestral form and the low-plated freshwater populations that demonstrate substantial divergence toward new phenotypic optima. We further test the hypothesis that phenotypic covariance structure is disrupted in the context of such putatively recent adaptive events. We report significant phenotypic differences among all four populations that includes a component of sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, we show evidence of disrupted phenotypic covariance structure among these populations. Taken together, these findings indicate the importance of phenotypic quantification as a key step in elucidating both the ecological processes responsible for rapid adaptive radiations and the role of developmental mechanisms in biasing evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Pistore
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - T.N. Barry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - E. Bowles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - R. Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S.L. Vanderzwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S.M. Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - H.A. Jamniczky
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Heyndrickx L, Stewart-Jones G, Schuitemaker H, Bowles E, Buonaguro L, Jansson M, Grevstad B, Vinner L, Ramaswamy M, Biswas P, Scarlatti G, Vanham G, Fomsgaard A. Neutralizing antibodies elicited in rabbits by patient-derived Env trimer immunization. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3442018 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Newton K, Buist D, Anderson M, Bowles E, Reed S. WHO CAN QUIT? FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-COMPLIANCE WITH SHORT-TERM HT SUSPENSION PRIOR TO SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY. Maturitas 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(09)70142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arvay JM, Corino JJ, Bowles E, Mesa M, Schneider LC. Oral cancer. Analysis of malignant lesions with suggestions for prevention and/or early detection. Clin Prev Dent 1984; 6:28-31. [PMID: 6086208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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