1
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Schulze MSED, Scholz D, Jnoff E, Hall A, Melin J, Sands ZA, Rodriguez E, Andre VM. Identification of ß-Glucocerebrosidase Activators for Glucosylceramide hydrolysis. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300548. [PMID: 38381042 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Several novel chemical series were identified that modulate glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Compounds from these series are active on glucosylceramide, unlike other known GCase modulators. We obtained GCase crystal structures with two compounds that have distinct chemotypes. Positive allosteric modulators bind to a site on GCase and induce conformational changes, but also induce an equilibrium state between monomer and dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Scholz
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine l'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Eric Jnoff
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine l'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Adrian Hall
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine l'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Melin
- Present address: Grünenthal GmbH, 52099, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zara A Sands
- Present address: Eli Lilly, San Diego, CA92121, USA
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2
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Fioretto L, Gallo C, Mercogliano M, Ziaco M, Nuzzo G, d'Ippolito G, Follero O, DellaGreca M, Giaccio P, Nittoli V, Ambrosino C, Sordino P, Soluri A, Soluri A, Massari R, D'Amelio M, De Palma R, Fontana A, Manzo E. BODIPY-Based Analogue of the TREM2-Binding Molecular Adjuvant Sulfavant A, a Chemical Tool for Imaging and Tracking Biological Systems. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3362-3372. [PMID: 38348659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we described synthetic sulfolipids named Sulfavants as a novel class of molecular adjuvants based on the sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol skeleton. The members of this family, Sulfavant A (1), Sulfavant R (2), and Sulfavant S (3), showed important effects on triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)-induced differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (hDC), through a novel cell mechanism underlying the regulation of the immune response. As these molecules are involved in biological TREM2-mediated processes crucial for cell survival, here, we report the synthesis and application of a fluorescent analogue of Sulfavant A bearing the 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene moiety (Me4-BODIPY). The fluorescent derivative, named PB-SULF A (4), preserving the biological activity of Sulfavants, opens the way to chemical biology and cell biology experiments to better understand the interactions with cellular and in vivo organ targets and to improve our comprehension of complex molecular mechanisms underlying the not fully understood ligand-induced TREM2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fioretto
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Marcello Mercogliano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Olimpia Follero
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Marina DellaGreca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Giaccio
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Valeria Nittoli
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Sicily Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, via Consolare Pompea 29, 98167 Messina,Italy
| | - Alessandro Soluri
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso″, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soluri
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso″, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massari
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso″, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Clinica di Medicina Interna, Immunologia Clinica e Medicina Traslazionale, Ospedale San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova,Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II″, via Cinthia, Bldg.7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
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3
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Patel S, Radhakrishnan D, Kumari D, Bhansali P, Setty SRG. Restoration of β-GC trafficking improves the lysosome function in Gaucher disease. Traffic 2023; 24:489-503. [PMID: 37491971 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes function as a primary site for catabolism and cellular signaling. These organelles digest a variety of substrates received through endocytosis, secretion and autophagy with the help of resident acid hydrolases. Lysosomal enzymes are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trafficked to lysosomes via Golgi and endocytic routes. The inability of hydrolase trafficking due to mutations or mutations in its receptor or cofactor leads to cargo accumulation (storage) in lysosomes, resulting in lysosome storage disorder (LSD). In Gaucher disease (GD), the lysosomes accumulate glucosylceramide because of low β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GC) activity that causes lysosome enlargement/dysfunction. We hypothesize that improving the trafficking of mutant β-GC to lysosomes may improve the lysosome function in GD. RNAi screen using high throughput based β-GC activity assay followed by reporter trafficking assay utilizing β-GC-mCherry led to the identification of nine potential phosphatases. Depletion of these phosphatases in HeLa cells enhanced the β-GC activity by increasing the folding and trafficking of Gaucher mutants to the lysosomes. Consistently, the lysosomes in primary fibroblasts from GD patients restored their β-GC activity upon the knockdown of these phosphatases. Thus, these studies provide evidence that altering phosphatome activity is an alternative therapeutic strategy to restore the lysosome function in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dhwani Radhakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Darpan Kumari
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Priyanka Bhansali
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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4
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Chauhan K, Olivares-Medina CN, Villagrana-Escareño MV, Juárez-Moreno K, Cadena-Nava RD, Rodríguez-Hernández AG, Vazquez-Duhalt R. Targeted Enzymatic VLP-Nanoreactors with β-Glucocerebrosidase Activity as Potential Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Gaucher's Disease. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200384. [PMID: 35918294 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a genetic disorder and the most common lysosomal disease caused by the deficiency of enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is successfully applied using mannose-exposed conjugated glucocerebrosidase, the lower stability of the enzyme in blood demands periodic intravenous administration that adds to the high cost of treatment. In this work, the enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase was encapsulated inside virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) from brome mosaic virus (BMV), and their surface was functionalized with mannose groups for targeting to macrophages. The VLP nanoreactors showed significant GCase catalytic activity. Moreover, the Michaelis-Menten constants for the free GCase enzyme (KM =0.29 mM) and the functionalized nanoreactors (KM =0.32 mM) were similar even after chemical modification. Importantly, the stability of enzymes under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C) was enhanced by ≈11-fold after encapsulation; this is beneficial for obtaining a higher blood circulation half-life, which may decrease the cost of therapy by reducing the requirement of multiple intravenous injections. Finally, the mannose receptor targeted enzymatic nanoreactors showed enhanced internalization into macrophage cells. Thus, the catalytic activity and cell targeting suggest the potential of these nanoreactors in ERT of Gaucher's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Chauhan
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Cindy N Olivares-Medina
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Maria V Villagrana-Escareño
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Karla Juárez-Moreno
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Rubén D Cadena-Nava
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ana G Rodríguez-Hernández
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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5
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Barral DC, Staiano L, Guimas Almeida C, Cutler DF, Eden ER, Futter CE, Galione A, Marques ARA, Medina DL, Napolitano G, Settembre C, Vieira OV, Aerts JMFG, Atakpa‐Adaji P, Bruno G, Capuozzo A, De Leonibus E, Di Malta C, Escrevente C, Esposito A, Grumati P, Hall MJ, Teodoro RO, Lopes SS, Luzio JP, Monfregola J, Montefusco S, Platt FM, Polishchuck R, De Risi M, Sambri I, Soldati C, Seabra MC. Current methods to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function. Traffic 2022; 23:238-269. [PMID: 35343629 PMCID: PMC9323414 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of lysosomes more than 70 years ago, much has been learned about the functions of these organelles. Lysosomes were regarded as exclusively degradative organelles, but more recent research has shown that they play essential roles in several other cellular functions, such as nutrient sensing, intracellular signalling and metabolism. Methodological advances played a key part in generating our current knowledge about the biology of this multifaceted organelle. In this review, we cover current methods used to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function. We highlight the principles behind these methods, the methodological strategies and their advantages and limitations. To extract accurate information and avoid misinterpretations, we discuss the best strategies to identify lysosomes and assess their characteristics and functions. With this review, we aim to stimulate an increase in the quantity and quality of research on lysosomes and further ground-breaking discoveries on an organelle that continues to surprise and excite cell biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte C. Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Leopoldo Staiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical ResearchNational Research Council (CNR)MilanItaly
| | | | - Dan F. Cutler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emily R. Eden
- University College London (UCL) Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Clare E. Futter
- University College London (UCL) Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | | | | | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Clinical Medicine and Surgery DepartmentFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | | | | | - Gemma Bruno
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | | | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNRRomeItaly
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | | | | | - Paolo Grumati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Michael J. Hall
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Rita O. Teodoro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Susana S. Lopes
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - J. Paul Luzio
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Irene Sambri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Chiara Soldati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Miguel C. Seabra
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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6
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Gorantla JN, Santhi M, Hua Y, Ketudat Cairns JR. Total synthesis of ceramides and β- O-glucosylceramides via intramolecular fatty acyl group migration. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acyl group utilized as both protection and migratory group for the synthesis of ceramides and glucosylceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaggaiah N. Gorantla
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Maniganda Santhi
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Yanling Hua
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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7
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Ysselstein D, Young TJ, Nguyen M, Padmanabhan S, Hirst WD, Dzamko N, Krainc D. Evaluation of Strategies for Measuring Lysosomal Glucocerebrosidase Activity. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2719-2730. [PMID: 34613624 PMCID: PMC8853444 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, which encode for the protein glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. In addition, growing evidence now suggests that the loss of GCase activity is also involved in onset of all forms of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and other dementias, such as progranulin-linked frontal temporal dementia. As a result, there is significant interest in developing GCase-targeted therapies that have the potential to stop or slow progression of these diseases. Despite this interest in GCase as a therapeutic target, there is significant inconsistency in the methodology for measuring GCase enzymatic activity in disease-modeling systems and patient populations, which could hinder progress in developing GCase therapies. In this review, we discuss the different strategies that have been developed to assess GCase activity and highlight the specific strengths and weaknesses of these approaches as well as the gaps that remain. We also discuss the current and potential role of these different methodologies in preclinical and clinical development of GCase-targeted therapies. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany J. Young
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Warren D. Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research UnitBiogenCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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8
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Karatas M, Dogan S, Spahiu E, Ašić A, Bešić L, Turan Y. Enzyme kinetics and inhibition parameters of human leukocyte glucosylceramidase. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05191. [PMID: 33163670 PMCID: PMC7609449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramidase (GCase) is a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of β-glucosidic linkage of glucocerebroside (GC) into glucose and ceramide; thereby, plays an essential function in the degradation of complex lipids and the turnover of cellular membranes. The growing list of 460 mutations in the gene coding for it-glucosylceramidase beta acid 1 (GBA1)-is reported to abolish its catalytic activity and decrease its enzyme stability, associating it with severe health conditions such as Gaucher disease (GD), Parkinson Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Although the three-dimensional structure of wild type glucosylceramidase is elucidated, little is known about its features in human cells. Moreover, alternative sources of GCase that prove to be effective in the treatment of diseases with enzyme treatment therapies, impose the need for a simple and cost-effective procedure to study the enzyme behavior. This work, for the first time, shows a well-established, yet simple, cost- and time-efficient protocol for the study of GCase enzyme in human leukocytes by the artificial substrate p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG). Characterization of the enzyme in human leukocytes for activation parameters (optimal pH, Km, and Vmax) and enzyme inhibition was done. The results indicate that the optimum pH of GCase enzyme with PNPG is 5.0. The Km and Vmax values are 12.6mM and 333 U/mg, respectively. Gluconolactone competitively inhibits GCase, with a Ki value of 0.023 mM and IC50 of 0.047 mM. Glucose inhibition is uncompetitive with a Ki of 1.94 mM and IC50 of 55.3 mM. This is the first report for the inhibitory effect of glucose, δ-gluconolactone on human leukocyte GCase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Karatas
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Senol Dogan
- Leipzig University, Faculty for Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute, Linnéstraße 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emrulla Spahiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adna Ašić
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Larisa Bešić
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Yusuf Turan
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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9
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Olszewska DA, McCarthy A, Soto-Beasley AI, Walton RL, Magennis B, McLaughlin RL, Hardiman O, Ross OA, Lynch T. Association Between Glucocerebrosidase Mutations and Parkinson's Disease in Ireland. Front Neurol 2020; 11:527. [PMID: 32714263 PMCID: PMC7344206 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies implicate heterozygous GBA mutations as a major genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the frequency of mutations has never been examined in PD patients from the Irish population. We prospectively recruited 314 unrelated Irish PD patients (UK Brain Bank Criteria) and 96 Irish healthy controls (without any signs or family history of parkinsonism) attending. The Dublin Neurological Institute (DNI). Complete exon GBA Sanger sequencing analysis with flanking intronic regions was performed. The GBA carrier frequency was 8.3% in PD and 3.1% in controls. We identified a number of potentially pathogenic mutations including a p.G195E substitution and a p.G377C variant, previously described in a case study of Gaucher's disease in Ireland. On genotype–phenotype assessment hallucinations, dyskinesia, and dystonia were more prevalent in GBA-PD. The genetic etiology of PD in Ireland differs from the continental Europe as seen with the lower LRRK2 and higher than in most European countries GBA mutation frequency. Determining genetic risk factors in different ethnicities will be critical for future personalized therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Olszewska
- The Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Allan McCarthy
- The Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Neurology, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Brian Magennis
- The Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Orla Hardiman
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Tim Lynch
- The Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Increased α-synuclein oligomerization is associated with decreased activity of glucocerebrosidase in the aging human striatum and hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2020; 733:135093. [PMID: 32470554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased risk for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, in which α-synuclein (α-syn) oligomerization plays key pathogenic roles. Here, we show that oligomeric α-syn levels increase with age in the human brain and are accompanied by a decrease in the activity of glucocerebrosidase (GCase), a lysosomal enzyme whose dysfunction is linked to the accumulation of oligomeric α-syn. The inverse relationship between oligomeric α-syn levels and GCase activity was more evident in brain regions susceptible to neurodegeneration (i.e., the striatum and hippocampus) than those that are less vulnerable (i.e., the cerebellum and occipital cortex). GCase could potentially regulate α-syn oligomerization, as demonstrated by the decrease in oligomeric α-syn levels caused by a GCase agonist. In vitro experiments showed that GCase activity was more potently inhibited by oligomeric than monomeric α-syn in the lysosome-enriched fractions isolated from brain tissues and cultured neuronal cells. Alterations in oligomeric α-syns and their association with GCase in aging brains may explain the vulnerability of certain brain regions to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Sanyal A, DeAndrade MP, Novis HS, Lin S, Chang J, Lengacher N, Tomlinson JJ, Tansey MG, LaVoie MJ. Lysosome and Inflammatory Defects in GBA1-Mutant Astrocytes Are Normalized by LRRK2 Inhibition. Mov Disord 2020; 35:760-773. [PMID: 32034799 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene, Beta-glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1), cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher's disease. Heterozygous carriers of most GBA1 mutations have dramatically increased Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, but the mechanisms and cells affected remain unknown. Glucocerebrosidase expression is relatively enriched in astrocytes, yet the impact of its mutation in these cells has not yet been addressed. OBJECTIVES Emerging data supporting non-cell-autonomous mechanisms driving PD pathogenesis inspired the first characterization of GBA1-mutant astrocytes. In addition, we asked whether LRRK2, likewise linked to PD and enriched in astrocytes, intersected with GBA1 phenotypes. METHODS Using heterozygous and homozygous GBA1 D409V knockin mouse astrocytes, we conducted rigorous biochemical and image-based analyses of lysosomal function and morphology. We also examined basal and evoked cytokine response at the transcriptional and secretory levels. RESULTS The D409V knockin astrocytes manifested broad deficits in lysosomal morphology and function, as expected. This, however, is the first study to show dramatic defects in basal and TLR4-dependent cytokine production. Albeit to different extents, both the lysosomal dysfunction and inflammatory responses were normalized by inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity, suggesting functional intracellular crosstalk between glucocerebrosidase and LRRK2 activities in astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate novel pathologic effects of a GBA1 mutation on inflammatory responses in astrocytes, indicating the likelihood of broader immunologic changes in GBA-PD patients. Our findings support the involvement of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of GBA1-linked PD and identify new opportunities to correct these changes with pharmacological intervention. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Sanyal
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark P DeAndrade
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hailey S Novis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven Lin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathalie Lengacher
- Program in Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julianna J Tomlinson
- Program in Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew J LaVoie
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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van Smeden J, Dijkhoff IM, Helder RWJ, Al-Khakany H, Boer DEC, Schreuder A, Kallemeijn WW, Absalah S, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG, Bouwstra JA. In situ visualization of glucocerebrosidase in human skin tissue: zymography versus activity-based probe labeling. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2299-2309. [PMID: 29025868 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m079376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1), an acid β-glucosidase normally located in lysosomes, converts (glucosyl)ceramides into ceramides, which is crucial to generate an optimal barrier function of the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC). Here we report on two developed in situ methods to localize active GBA in human epidermis: i) an optimized zymography method that is less labor intensive and visualizes enzymatic activity with higher resolution than currently reported methods using either substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside or resorufin-β-D-glucopyranoside; and ii) a novel technique to visualize active GBA1 molecules by their specific labeling with a fluorescent activity-based probe (ABP), MDW941. The latter method pro-ved to be more robust and sensitive, provided higher resolution microscopic images, and was less prone to sample preparation effects. Moreover, in contrast to the zymography substrates that react with various β-glucosidases, MDW941 specifically labeled GBA1. We demonstrate that active GBA1 in the epidermis is primarily located in the extracellular lipid matrix at the interface of the viable epidermis and the lower layers of the SC. With ABP-labeling, we observed reduced GBA1 activity in 3D-cultured skin models when supplemented with the reversible inhibitor, isofagomine, irrespective of GBA expression. This inhibition affected the SC ceramide composition: MS analysis revealed an inhibitor-dependent increase in the glucosylceramide:ceramide ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Smeden
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irini M Dijkhoff
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W J Helder
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanin Al-Khakany
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne E C Boer
- Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Schreuder
- Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Samira Absalah
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yang H, Chan AL, LaVallo V, Cheng Q. Quantitation of Alpha-Glucosidase Activity Using Fluorinated Carbohydrate Array and MALDI-TOF-MS. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:2872-2878. [PMID: 26760440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitation of alpha-glucosidase (α-GD) activity is of significance to diagnosis of many diseases including Pompe disease and type II diabetes. We report here a new method to determine α-GD activity using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with carbohydrate microarray and affinity surface chemistry. Carbohydrate probes are synthesized for capture of the enzymatic reaction products and the adducts are loaded onto a fluorinated gold surface to generate an array, which is followed by characterization by MALDI-TOF-MS. The ratio of intensities is used to determine the level of activity of several enzymes. In addition, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of acarbose and epigallocatechin gallate are also determined using this approach, and the results agree well with the reported values. This method is advantageous as compared to conventional colorimetric techniques that typically suffer matrix interference problems from samples. The use of the polyfluorinated surface has effectively suppressed the interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojik Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Allen L Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Vincent LaVallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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14
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Lee H, Bae JS, Jin HK. Defective Self-Renewal and Differentiation of GBA-Deficient Neural Stem Cells Can Be Restored By Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. Mol Cells 2015; 38:806-13. [PMID: 26282862 PMCID: PMC4588724 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA), which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucosylceramidase (GCase). Deficiency in GCase leads to characteristic visceral pathology and lethal neurological manifestations in some patients. Investigations into neurogenesis have suggested that neurodegenerative disorders, such as GD, could be overcome or at least ameliorated by the generation of new neurons. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are potential candidates for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders because of their ability to promote neurogenesis. Our objective was to examine the mechanism of neurogenesis by BM-MSCs in GD. We found that neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from a neuronopathic GD model exhibited decreased ability for self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. Co-culture of GBA-deficient NSCs with BM-MSCs resulted in an enhanced capacity for self-renewal, and an increased ability for differentiation into neurons or oligodendrocytes. Enhanced proliferation and neuronal differentiation of GBA-deficient NSCs was associated with elevated release of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) from BM-MSCs. Our findings suggest that soluble M-CSF derived from BM-MSCs can modulate GBA-deficient NSCs, resulting in their improved proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Jae-sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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15
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Hossain MA, Higaki K, Saito S, Ohno K, Sakuraba H, Nanba E, Suzuki Y, Ozono K, Sakai N. Chaperone therapy for Krabbe disease: potential for late-onset GALC mutations. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:539-45. [PMID: 26108143 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Krabbe disease is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by a deficiency of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme. Hematopoietic stem cells transplantation is the only available treatment option for pre-symptomatic patients. We have previously reported the chaperone effect of N-octyl-4-epi-β-valienamine (NOEV) on mutant GM1 β-galactosidase proteins, and in a murine GM1-gangliosidosis model. In this study, we examined its chaperone effect on mutant GALC proteins. We found that NOEV strongly inhibited GALC activity in cell lysates of GALC-transfected COS1 cells. In vitro NOEV treatment stabilized GALC activity under heat denaturation conditions. We also examined the effect of NOEV on cultured COS1 cells expressing mutant GALC activity and human skin fibroblasts from Krabbe disease patients: NOEV significantly increased the enzyme activity of mutants of late-onset forms. Moreover, we confirmed that NOEV could enhance the maturation of GALC precursor to its mature active form. Model structural analysis showed NOEV binds to the active site of human GALC protein. These results, for the first time, provide clear evidence that NOEV is a chaperone with promising potential for patients with Krabbe disease resulting from the late-onset mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Hossain
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Seiji Saito
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohno
- NPO for the Promotion of Research on Intellectual Property Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Nanba
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Liu G, Chen M, Mi N, Yang W, Li X, Wang P, Yin N, Li Y, Yue F, Chan P, Yu S. Increased oligomerization and phosphorylation of α-synuclein are associated with decreased activity of glucocerebrosidase and protein phosphatase 2A in aging monkey brains. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2649-59. [PMID: 26149921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased risk for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, in which α-synuclein (α-syn) oligomerization plays key pathogenic roles. Here, we show that oligomeric α-syn levels increase with age in the brain of cynomolgus monkeys and are accompanied by a decrease in the expression and activity of glucocerebrosidase (GCase), a lysosomal enzyme whose dysfunction is linked to accumulation of oligomeric α-syn. Besides, levels of α-syn phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129 α-syn), a modification that promotes α-syn oligomerization also increase with age in the brain and is associated with a reduction in the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an enzyme that facilitates α-syn dephosphorylation. The inverse relationship between levels of oligomeric α-syn and pS129 α-syn and activity of GCase and PP2A was more evident in brain regions susceptible to neurodegeneration (i.e., the striatum and hippocampus) than those that are less vulnerable (i.e., cerebellum and occipital cortex). In vitro experiments showed that GCase activity was more potently inhibited by oligomeric than by monomeric α-syn in the lysosome-enriched fractions isolated from brain tissues and cultured neuronal cells. Inhibition of GCase activity induced an elevation of oligomeric α-syn levels, which was shown to increase pS129 α-syn levels and reduce PP2A activity in cultured neuronal cells. The alterations in oligomeric and pS129 α-syns and their association with GCase and PP2A in aging brains may explain the vulnerability of certain brain regions to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Na Mi
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yin
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, China.
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17
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Tool compounds robustly increase turnover of an artificial substrate by glucocerebrosidase in human brain lysates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119141. [PMID: 25763858 PMCID: PMC4357465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) cause Gaucher disease and also represent a common risk factor for Parkinson’s disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies. Recently, new tool molecules were described which can increase turnover of an artificial substrate 4MUG when incubated with mutant N370S GBA1 from human spleen. Here we show that these compounds exert a similar effect on the wild-type enzyme in a cell-free system. In addition, these tool compounds robustly increase turnover of 4MUG by GBA1 derived from human cortex, despite substantially lower glycosylation of GBA1 in human brain, suggesting that the degree of glycosylation is not important for compound binding. Surprisingly, these tool compounds failed to robustly alter GBA1 turnover of 4MUG in the mouse brain homogenate. Our data raise the possibility that in vivo models with humanized glucocerebrosidase may be needed for efficacy assessments of such small molecules.
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18
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Yap TL, Velayati A, Sidransky E, Lee JC. Membrane-bound α-synuclein interacts with glucocerebrosidase and inhibits enzyme activity. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 108:56-64. [PMID: 23266198 PMCID: PMC3552326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in GBA, the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase, the lysosomal enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease increase the risk for developing Parkinson disease. Recent research suggests a relationship between glucocerebrosidase and the Parkinson disease-related amyloid-forming protein, α-synuclein; however, the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for association remain elusive. Previously, we showed that α-synuclein and glucocerebrosidase interact selectively under lysosomal conditions, and proposed that this newly identified interaction might influence cellular levels of α-synuclein by either promoting protein degradation and/or preventing aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that membrane-bound α-synuclein interacts with glucocerebrosidase, and that this complex formation inhibits enzyme function. Using site-specific fluorescence and Förster energy transfer probes, we mapped the protein-enzyme interacting regions on unilamellar vesicles. Our data suggest that on the membrane surface, the glucocerebrosidase-α-synuclein interaction involves a larger α-synuclein region compared to that found in solution. In addition, α-synuclein acts as a mixed inhibitor with an apparent IC(50) in the submicromolar range. Importantly, the membrane-bound, α-helical form of α-synuclein is necessary for inhibition. This glucocerebrosidase interaction and inhibition likely contribute to the mechanism underlying GBA-associated parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Leong Yap
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Arash Velayati
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Corresponding authors. Ellen Sidransky, 35 Convent Drive, Room 1A213, Bethesda, MD, 20892. Fax: +1-301-402-6438. Jennifer C. Lee, 50 South Drive, Room 3513, Bethesda, MD, 20892. Fax: +1-301-402-3404. and
| | - Jennifer C. Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Corresponding authors. Ellen Sidransky, 35 Convent Drive, Room 1A213, Bethesda, MD, 20892. Fax: +1-301-402-6438. Jennifer C. Lee, 50 South Drive, Room 3513, Bethesda, MD, 20892. Fax: +1-301-402-3404. and
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Akeroyd M, Olsthoorn M, Gerritsma J, Gutker-Vermaas D, Ekkelkamp L, van Rij T, Klaassen P, Plugge W, Smit E, Strupat K, Wenzel T, van Tilborg M, van der Hoeven R. Searching for microbial protein over-expression in a complex matrix using automated high throughput MS-based proteomics tools. J Biotechnol 2012; 164:112-20. [PMID: 23220267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the discovery of new enzymes genomic and cDNA expression libraries containing thousands of differential clones are generated to obtain biodiversity. These libraries need to be screened for the activity of interest. Removing so-called empty and redundant clones significantly reduces the size of these expression libraries and therefore speeds up new enzyme discovery. Here, we present a sensitive, generic workflow for high throughput screening of successful microbial protein over-expression in microtiter plates containing a complex matrix based on mass spectrometry techniques. MALDI-LTQ-Orbitrap screening followed by principal component analysis and peptide mass fingerprinting was developed to obtain a throughput of ∼12,000 samples per week. Alternatively, a UHPLC-MS(2) approach including MS(2) protein identification was developed for microorganisms with a complex protein secretome with a throughput of ∼2000 samples per week. TCA-induced protein precipitation enhanced by addition of bovine serum albumin is used for protein purification prior to MS detection. We show that this generic workflow can effectively reduce large expression libraries from fungi and bacteria to their minimal size by detection of successful protein over-expression using MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Akeroyd
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613AX Delft, The Netherlands.
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20
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Ribbens J, Whiteley G, Furuya H, Southall N, Hu X, Marugan J, Ferrer M, Maegawa GHB. A high-throughput screening assay using Krabbe disease patient cells. Anal Biochem 2012; 434:15-25. [PMID: 23138179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) or Krabbe disease is a lysosomal disease caused by β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC) deficiency resulting in a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Unfortunately, the only available treatment is hematopoietic bone marrow transplantation, which prevents its fulminant manifestation but without treating further neurological manifestations. Here, we describe the development of a cellular high-throughput screening (HTS) assay using GLD patient fibroblasts to screen for small molecules that enhance the residual mutant GALC enzymatic activity. Small molecules have substantial therapeutic potential in GLD because they are more prone to cross the blood-brain barrier, reaching the neuronal affected cells. The transformation of primary skin fibroblasts with SV40 large T antigen has been shown to maintain the biochemical characteristics of the GLD cells and generates sufficient cells for the HTS. Using a specific fluorescent substrate, residual GALC activity from an SV40-transformed GLD patient fibroblast was measurable in high-density microplates. The pilot quantitative HTS against a small compound collection showed robust statistics. The small molecules that showed active concentration-response curves were further studied in primary GLD fibroblasts. This cell-based HTS assay demonstrates the feasibility of employing live GLD patient cells to identify therapeutic agents that can potentially be used for the treatment of this progressive neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson Ribbens
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Shanmuganathan M, Britz-McKibbin P. Functional Screening of Pharmacological Chaperones via Restoration of Enzyme Activity upon Denaturation. Biochemistry 2012; 51:7651-3. [PMID: 22970758 DOI: 10.1021/bi301223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton,
ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton,
ON, Canada L8S 4M1
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A high-throughput sphingomyelinase assay using natural substrate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:407-14. [PMID: 22710568 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinases are a group of hydrolases that cleave sphingomyelin, a common component of plasma membranes, to form ceramide and phosphocholine. Ceramide is a second messenger that is present in virtually all cell types and regulates a variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation response. Inhibition of sphingomyelinase activity to reduce ceramide concentrations has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for several diseases including atherosclerosis, pathogen infections, inflammation, diabetes, and obesity. To effectively screen compound collections for the identification of new sphingomyelinase inhibitors, we have developed a high-throughput assay utilizing the natural substrate sphingomyelin in 1,536-well plate format. The assay has a signal-to-basal ratio of 6.1-fold in pH 5.0 buffer and 4.3-fold in pH 6.5 buffer, indicating a robust assay for compound library screening. A screen of ~300,000 compounds using this assay led to the identification of eight compounds as sphingomyelinase inhibitors (IC(50)s = 1.7 to 38.2 μM) that exhibited different activities between the natural substrate assay and profluorescence substrate assay. The results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the natural substrate sphingomyelinase assay for screening sphingomyelinase inhibitors.
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Bendikov-Bar I, Horowitz M. Gaucher disease paradigm: from ERAD to comorbidity. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:1398-407. [PMID: 22623374 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA gene, encoding the lysosomal acid beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), lead to deficient activity of the enzyme in the lysosomes, to glucosylceramide accumulation and to development of Gaucher disease (GD). More than 280 mutations in the GBA gene have been directly associated with GD. Mutant GCase variants present variable levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention, due to their inability to correctly fold, and undergo ER-associated degradation (ERAD) in the proteasomes. The degree of ER retention and proteasomal degradation is one of the factors that determine GD severity. In the present review, we discuss ERAD of mutant GCase variants and its possible consequences in GD patients and in carriers of GD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Bendikov-Bar
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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