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Alexander KK, Naaldijk Y, Fasiczka R, Brahmia B, Chen T, Hilfiker S, Kennedy EJ. Targeting Rab-RILPL interactions as a strategy to downregulate pathogenic LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3563. [PMID: 38135900 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Familial Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently linked to multiple disease-causing mutations within Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Kinase 2 (LRRK2), leading to aberrant kinase activity. Multiple pathogenic effects of enhanced LRRK2 activity have been identified, including loss of cilia and centrosomal cohesion defects. When phosphorylated by LRRK2, Rab8a and Rab10 bind to phospho-specific RILPL effector proteins. RILPL-mediated accumulation of pRabs proximal to the mother centriole is critical for initiating deficits in ciliogenesis and centrosome cohesion mediated by LRRK2. We hypothesized that Rab-derived phospho-mimics may serve to block phosphorylated Rab proteins from docking with RILPL in the context of hyperactive LRRK2 mutants. This would serve as an alternative strategy to downregulate pathogenic signaling mediated by LRRK2, rather than targeting LRRK2 kinase activity itself. To test this theory, we designed a series of constrained peptides mimicking phosphorylated Switch II derived from Rab8. These RILPL interacting peptides, termed RIP, were further shown to permeate cells. Further, several peptides were found to bind RILPL2 and restore ciliogenesis and centrosomal cohesion defects in cells expressing PD-associated mutant LRRK2. This research demonstrates the utility of constrained peptides as downstream inhibitors to target pathogenic LRRK2 activity and may provide an alternative approach to target specific pathways activated by LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista K Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rachel Fasiczka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Besma Brahmia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tiancheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sabine Hilfiker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Eileen J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Barreh GA, Sghaier I, Abida Y, Gharbi A, Nasri A, Mrabet S, Souissi A, Djebara MB, Trabelsi S, Kacem I, Gargouri-Berrachi A, Gouider R. LRRK2 G2019S impact on Parkinson disease; clinical phenotype and treatment in Tunisian patients. J Mov Disord 2024:jmd.23276. [PMID: 38649328 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background LRRK2-G2019S is the most frequent mutation in North African Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.Data on its impact on disease progression and treatment response remains elusive.Therefore, we aimed to explore the clinical features,treatments,and complications through the disease course of PD Tunisian patients according to their LRRK2-G2019S profile. Methods Longitudinal retrospective study conducted in the department of Neurology,Razi University Hospital.We included clinically diagnosed PD patients according to the MDS criteria and reviewed their medical records for clinical,treatment, and neuropsychological assessments.LRRK2-G2019S mutation was screened among all cases using Sanger sequencing.The correlation of LRRK2-G2019S and the clinical PD features was then evaluated. Results We included 393 PD patients with 41.5% of cases were mutated for LRRK2-G2019S. Those with mutation exhibited an earlier age of onset(p=0.017),and female-PD cases had a higher mutation frequency (p=0.008).Mutation carriers displayed distinct clinical features,with a higher frequency of postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD)forms(adjusted-p<0.001).Throughout the disease progression,carriers showed a faster annual progression in UPDRS-III scores (adjusted-p=0.009) and a significantly higher Levodopa Equivalent Dosevalues in later stages(1060.81 vs. 877.83 for 6-8 years).Motor complications such as dyskinesia (adjusted-p<0.001) and motor fluctuations(31.9% vs. 25.7%,adjusted-p<0.001) were more prevalent in carriers,particularly in later stages.LRRK2-G2019S carriers also exhibited a lower prevalence of non-motor symptoms including cognitive disordersfor episodic memory(adjusted-p<0.001),attention(adjusted-p<0.001),and dysexecutive disorders (adjusted-p=0.039),as well asneuropsychiatric symptoms and dysautonomic signs. Conclusion This study demonstrated the variability of clinical profile among Tunisian PD cases explained by the incomplete penetrance of LRRK2-G2019S that increases with age.Further studies with biomarker and disease progression data are necessary to improve PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guedi Ali Barreh
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Sghaier
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Abida
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alya Gharbi
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Nasri
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Mrabet
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Souissi
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Djebara
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Trabelsi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, National Center of Pharmacovigilance, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology LR16SP02, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Kacem
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Gargouri-Berrachi
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Gouider
- Neurology Department, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15, Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) "Neurosciences and Mental Health", Razi University Hospital, 1 rue des OrangersManouba, 2010, Tunis, Tunisia
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Dutta K, Ravi L. Molecular dynamic investigation for Roco4 kinase inhibitor as treatment options for parkinsonism. J Mol Model 2024; 30:133. [PMID: 38625397 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in motor disabilities such as rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and resting tremors. While the exact cause of Parkinson's remains uncertain, both familial and sporadic forms are often associated with the G2019S mutation found in the kinase domain of LRRK2. Roco4 is an analogue of LRRK2 protein in Dictyostelium discoideum which is an established model organism to investigate LRRK2 inhibitors. In this study, the potential treatment of Parkinson's was explored by inhibiting the activity of the mutated LRRK2 protein using Roco4 as the base protein structure. Mongolicain-A and Bacoside-A exhibited significant selectivity towards the G2019S mutation, displaying a binding affinity of - 12.3 Kcal/mol and - 11.4 Kcal/mol respectively. Mongolicain-A demonstrated increased specificity towards Roco4, while Bacoside-A demonstrated significant binding affinity to all 34 kinases proteins alike. The Molecular Dynamics Studies (MDS) results strongly suggests that Mongolicain-A is a significant inhibitor of Roco4 kinase. ADMET and drugability analysis also suggests that among the two best ligands, Mongolicain-A demonstrates significant physicochemical properties to be suitable for best drug like molecule. Based on the in-silico molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, ADMET and drugability analyses, it is strongly suggested that, Mongolicain-A could be a potential candidate for treatment and management of Parkinson's disease via inhibition of LRRK2 protein. Further in-vitro and in-vivo investigations are in demand to validate these findings. METHODS To identify potential inhibitors, 3069 phytochemicals were screened using molecular docking via AutoDock Vina. Molecular Dynamics Simulation was carried out using GROMACS 2022.2 for a duration of 100ns per complex to study the stability and inhibition potential of the protein ligand complexes. ADMET analysis was carriedout using Molinspiration and preADMET web tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankana Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34132, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lokesh Ravi
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India.
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Wang Y, Fan W, Zhang G, Zhao L, Li T, Zhang L, Hou T, Hong H, You Z, Sun Q, Li R, Liu C. LRRK2 is involved in heat exposure-induced acute lung injury and alveolar type II epithelial cell dysfunction. Environ Pollut 2024; 347:123643. [PMID: 38428793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Heat exposure induces excessive hyperthermia associated with systemic inflammatory response that leads to multiple organ dysfunction including acute lung injury. However, how heat impairs the lung remains elusive so far. We aimed to explore the underlying mechanism by focusing on leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), which was associated with lung homeostasis. Both in vivo and in vitro models were induced by heat exposure. Firstly, heat exposure exerted core temperature (Tc) disturbance, pulmonary dysfunction, atelectasis, inflammation, impaired energy metabolism, and reduced surfactant proteins in the lung of mice. In addition, decreased LRRK2 expression and increased heat shock proteins (HSPs) 70 were observed with heat exposure in both the lung of mice and alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT2). Furthermore, LRRK2 inhibition aggravated heat exposure-initiated Tc dysregulation, injury in the lung and AT2 cells, and enhanced HSP70 expression. In conclusion, LRRK2 is involved in heat-induced acute lung injury and AT2 cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindan Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Fan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Zhao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Hou
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihua Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang You
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Alessi DR, Cullen PJ, Cookson M, Merchant KM, Small SA. Retromer-dependent lysosomal stress in Parkinson's disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220376. [PMID: 38368937 PMCID: PMC10874697 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
While causative mutations in complex disorders are rare, they can be used to extract a biological pathway whose pathogenicity can generalize to common forms of the disease. Here we begin by relying on the biological consequences of mutations in LRRK2 and VPS35, genetic causes of autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease, to hypothesize that 'Retromer-dependent lysosomal stress' represents a pathway that can generalize to idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Next, we outline a series of studies that can test this hypothesis, including the development of biomarkers of pathway dysfunction. If validated, the hypothesis can suggest a unified mechanism of disease and might inform future diagnostic and therapeutic investigations. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario R. Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Peter J. Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Mark Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kalpana M. Merchant
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Scott A. Small
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Drozd CJ, Chowdhury TA, Quinn CC. UNC-16 interacts with LRK-1 and WDFY-3 to regulate the termination of axon growth. Genetics 2024:iyae053. [PMID: 38581414 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, MAPK8IP3 (also known as JIP3) is a neurodevelopmental disorder-associated gene. In C. elegans, the UNC-16 ortholog of the MAPK8IP3 protein can regulate the termination of axon growth. However, its role in this process is not well understood. Here, we report that UNC-16 promotes axon termination through a process that includes the LRK-1(LRRK-1/LRRK-2) kinase and the WDFY-3 (WDFY3/Alfy) selective autophagy protein. Genetic analysis suggests that UNC-16 promotes axon termination through an interaction between its RH1 domain and the dynein complex. Loss of unc-16 function causes accumulation of late endosomes specifically in the distal axon. Moreover, we observe synergistic interactions between loss of unc-16 function and disruptors of endolysosomal function, indicating that the endolysosomal system promotes axon termination. We also find that the axon termination defects caused by loss of UNC-16 function require the function of a genetic pathway that includes lrk-1 and wdfy-3, two genes that have been implicated in autophagy. These observations suggest a model where UNC-16 promotes axon termination by interacting with the endolysosomal system to regulate a pathway that includes LRK-1 and WDFY-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Drozd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee, WI, 53201, U.S.A
| | - Tamjid A Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee, WI, 53201, U.S.A
| | - Christopher C Quinn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee, WI, 53201, U.S.A
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Mannheim JG, Fanglu Fu J, Wegener T, Klyuzhin IS, Vafai N, Shahinfard E, McKenzie J, Strongosky A, Wszolek ZK, Jon Stoessl A, Sossi V. Multi-tracer PET correlation analysis reveals disease-specific patterns in Parkinson's disease and asymptomatic LRRK2 pathogenic variant carriers compared to healthy controls. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 42:103600. [PMID: 38599001 PMCID: PMC11015486 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Several genetic pathogenic variants increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) with pathogenic variants in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene being among the most common. A joint pattern analysis based on multi-set canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) was utilized to extract PD and LRRK2 pathogenic variant-specific spatial patterns in relation to healthy controls (HCs) from multi-tracer Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data. Spatial patterns were extracted for individual subject cohorts, as well as for pooled subject cohorts, to explore whether complementary spatial patterns of dopaminergic denervation are different in the asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of PD. The MCCA results are also compared to the traditional univariate analysis, which serves as a reference. We identified PD-induced spatial distribution alterations common to DAT and VMAT2 in both asymptomatic LRRK2 pathogenic variant carriers and PD subjects. The inclusion of HCs in the analysis demonstrated that the dominant common PD-induced pattern is related to an overall dopaminergic terminal density denervation, followed by asymmetry and rostro-caudal gradient with deficits in the less affected side still being the best marker of disease progression. The analysis was able to capture a trend towards PD-related patterns in the LRRK2 pathogenic variant carrier cohort with increasing age in line with the known increased risk of this patient cohort to develop PD as they age. The advantage of this method thus resides in its ability to identify not only regional differences in tracer binding between groups, but also common disease-related alterations in the spatial distribution patterns of tracer binding, thus potentially capturing more complex aspects of disease induced alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Mannheim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jessie Fanglu Fu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Tilman Wegener
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ivan S Klyuzhin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nasim Vafai
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elham Shahinfard
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessamyn McKenzie
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - A Jon Stoessl
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vesna Sossi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Iovino L, VanderZwaag J, Kaur G, Khakpour M, Giusti V, Donadon M, Chiavegato A, Tenorio-Lopes L, Greggio E, Tremblay ME, Civiero L. Investigation of microglial diversity in a LRRK2 G2019S mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106481. [PMID: 38527708 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia contribute to the outcomes of various pathological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia are heterogenous, with a variety of states recently identified in aging and neurodegenerative disease models. Here, we delved into the diversity of microglia in a preclinical PD model featuring the G2019S mutation in LRRK2, a known pathological mutation associated with PD. Specifically, we investigated the 'dark microglia' (DM) and the 'disease-associated microglia' (DAM) which present a selective enrichment of CLEC7A expression. In the dorsal striatum - a region affected by PD pathology - extensive ultrastructural features of cellular stress as well as reduced direct cellular contacts, were observed for microglia from old LRRK2 G2019S mice versus controls. In addition, DM were more prevalent while CLEC7A-positive microglia had extensive phagocytic ultrastructural characteristics in the LRRK2 G2019S mice. Furthermore, our findings revealed a higher proportion of DM in LRRK2 G2019S mice, and an increased number of CLEC7A-positive cells with age, exacerbated by the pathological mutation. These CLEC7A-positive cells exhibited a selective enrichment of ameboid morphology and tended to cluster in the affected animals. In summary, we provide novel insights into the occurrence and features of recently defined microglial states, CLEC7A-positive cells and DM, in the context of LRRK2 G2019S PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iovino
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy; Stella Maris Foundation, IRCCS, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - J VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - G Kaur
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy
| | - M Khakpour
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - V Giusti
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy; San Camillo Hospital srl Società unipersonale, IRCCS, Venice, Italy
| | - M Donadon
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy
| | - A Chiavegato
- National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, Padova, Italy; Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova, Italy
| | - L Tenorio-Lopes
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - E Greggio
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Padova, Italy
| | - M E Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - L Civiero
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy; San Camillo Hospital srl Società unipersonale, IRCCS, Venice, Italy.
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9
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Abstract
The discovery of a pathogenic variant in the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene in the Contursi kindred in 1997 indisputably confirmed a genetic cause in a subset of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Currently, pathogenic variants in one of the seven established PD genes or the strongest known risk factor gene, GBA1, are identified in ∼15% of PD patients unselected for age at onset and family history. In this Debate article, we highlight multiple avenues of research that suggest an important - and in some cases even predominant - role for genetics in PD aetiology, including familial clustering, high rates of monogenic PD in selected populations, and complete penetrance with certain forms. At first sight, the steep increase in PD prevalence exceeding that of other neurodegenerative diseases may argue against a predominant genetic etiology. Notably, the principal genetic contribution in PD is conferred by pathogenic variants in LRRK2 and GBA1 and, in both cases, characterized by an overall late age of onset and age-related penetrance. In addition, polygenic risk plays a considerable role in PD. However, it is likely that, in the majority of PD patients, a complex interplay of aging, genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors leads to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yang Lim
- The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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10
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Kuwahara T, Iwatsubo T. CASM mediates LRRK2 recruitment and activation under lysosomal stress. Autophagy 2024:1-2. [PMID: 38497477 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2330032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM) at endolysosomal compartments has attracted attention as the non-autophagic function of the Atg8-family protein conjugation system, and the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis has emerged as a core mechanism. Our recent research has revealed that this mechanism contributes to the lysosomal recruitment and activation of LRRK2, a Parkinson disease-associated kinase that phosphorylates a subset of RAB GTPases. The activated LRRK2 under CASM-causing lysosomal stress acts to regulate lysosomal morphology and stimulate extracellular secretion of lysosomal contents, thereby promoting the lysosomal stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Ngo HKC, Le H, Ayer SJ, Crotty GF, Schwarzschild MA, Bakshi R. Short-term lipopolysaccharide treatment leads to astrocyte activation in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice without loss of dopaminergic neurons. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4076333. [PMID: 38562908 PMCID: PMC10984011 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4076333/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The G2019S mutation of LRRK2, which enhances kinase activity of the protein, confers a substantial risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mutation demonstrates incomplete penetrance, suggesting the involvement of other genetic or environmental modulating factors. Here, we investigated whether LRRK2 G2019S knock-in (KI) mice treated with the inflammogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could model LRRK2 PD. Results We found that short-term (2 weeks) treatment with LPS did not result in the loss of dopaminergic neurons in either LRRK2 G2019S KI or wild-type (WT) mice. Compared with WT mice, LRRK2 G2019S-KI mice showed incomplete recovery from LPS-induced weight loss. In LRRK2 G2019S KI mice, LPS treatment led to upregulated phosphorylation of LRRK2 at the autophosphorylation site Serine 1292, which is known as a direct readout of LRRK2 kinase activity. LPS treatment caused a greater increase in the activated astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the striatum and substantia nigra of LRRK2 G2019S mice than in those of WT mice. The administration of caffeine, which was recently identified as a biomarker of resistance to developing PD in individuals with LRRK2 mutations, attenuated LPS-induced astrocyte activation specifically in LRRK2 G2019S KI mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that 2 weeks of exposure to LPS is not sufficient to cause dopaminergic neuronal loss in LRRK2 G2019S KI mice but rather results in increased astrocyte activation, which can be ameliorated by caffeine.
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12
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Keavney JL, Mathur S, Schroeder K, Merrell R, Castillo-Torres SA, Gao V, Crotty GF, Schwarzschild MA, Poma JM. Perspectives of People At-Risk on Parkinson's Prevention Research. J Parkinsons Dis 2024:JPD230436. [PMID: 38489198 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The movement toward prevention trials in people at-risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) is rapidly becoming a reality. The authors of this article include a genetically at-risk advocate with the LRRK2 G2019 S variant and two patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), one of whom has now been diagnosed with PD. These authors participated as speakers, panelists, and moderators in the "Planning for Prevention of Parkinson's: A Trial Design Forum" hosted by Massachusetts General Hospital in 2021 and 2022. Other authors include a young onset person with Parkinson's (PwP) and retired family physician, an expert in patient engagement in Parkinson's, and early career and veteran movement disorders clinician researchers. Several themes emerged from the at-risk participant voice concerning the importance of early intervention, the legitimacy of their input in decision-making, and the desire for transparent communication and feedback throughout the entire research study process. Challenges and opportunities in the current environment include lack of awareness among primary care physicians and general neurologists about PD risk, legal and psychological implications of risk disclosure, limited return of individual research study results, and undefined engagement and integration of individuals at-risk into the broader Parkinson's community. Incorporating the perspectives of individuals at-risk as well as those living with PD at this early stage of prevention trial development is crucial to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessi L Keavney
- Parkinson's Foundation, Parkinson's Advocates in Research Program, Pendergrass, GA, USA
| | | | - Karlin Schroeder
- Parkinson's Foundation, Associate Vice President of Community Engagement, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sergio A Castillo-Torres
- Edmond J. Safra Fellow in Movement Disorders, Servicio de Movimientos Anormales, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Gao
- Movement Disorders Fellow, Columbia University Irving Medical Center & Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace F Crotty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Poma
- Parkinson's Foundation, People with Parkinson's Advisory Council, Glen Allen, VA, USA
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13
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Zheng Z, Zhang S, Liu X, Wang X, Xue C, Wu X, Zhang X, Xu X, Liu Z, Yao L, Lu G. LRRK2 regulates ferroptosis through the system Xc-GSH-GPX4 pathway in the neuroinflammatory mechanism of Parkinson's disease. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38477420 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia and apoptosis of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain are its primary pathological manifestations. Leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2 (LRRK2) kinase has been observed to increase expression during neuroinflammation, however, the effect of LRRK2 on microglia activation remains poorly understood. In this study, we have established lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated BV2 cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) models for both in vivo and in vitro investigation. Our data in vivo reveal that LRRK2 can promote microglia activation by regulating ferroptosis and activating nuclear factor-κB. Inhibition of LRRK2 expression effectively suppressed the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and facilitated the secretion of neuroprotective factors. Importantly, by co-overexpressing LRRK2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), we identified the system Xc-GSH-GPX4 pathway as a crucial component in LRRK2-mediated microglial ferroptosis and inflammatory responses. Using a microglial culture supernatant (MCS) transfer model, we found that inhibiting LRRK2 or downregulating ferroptosis in BV2 cells prevented SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. Additionally, we observed abundant expression of LRRK2 and P-P65 in the midbrain, which was elevated in the MPTP-induced PD model, along with microglia activation. LRRK2 and P-P65 expression inhibition with PF-06447475 attenuated microglia activation in the nigrostriatal dense part of MPTP-treated mice. Based on our findings, it is evident that LRRK2 plays a critical role in promoting the neuroinflammatory response during the pathogenesis of PD by regulating the system Xc-GSH-GPX4 pathway. Taken together, our data highlights the potential research and therapeutic value of targeting LRRK2 to regulate neuroinflammatory response in PD through ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shushan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiangrong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Longping Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Group for Regeneration and Reprogramming, Institute for Regeneration, Anatomy and Cel Biology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guohui Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Ma Z, Liu K, Zhang RF, Xie ZX, Liu W, Xu B. Manganese disrupts the maturation and degradation of axonal autophagosome leading to hippocampal synaptic toxicity in mice via the activation of LRRK2 on phosphorylation of Rab10. Sci Total Environ 2024; 915:170021. [PMID: 38224893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) overexposure induces hippocampal synaptotoxicity by the accumulation of dysfunctional synaptic vesicles (SVs). Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) kinase activity is involved in regulating axonal transport (autophagosomal maturation) and lysosomal function. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether Mn-induced synaptotoxicity is associated with the LRRK2-mediated disruption of autophagosomal maturation in axonal transport and the impairment of lysosomes in hippocampal neurons. Here, we established models of manganism in C57BL/6 mice and hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells to verify the role of LRRK2-mediated Rab10 phosphorylation in the Mn-induced dysfunction of autophagy- lysosomal fusion. Our results proved that Mn-induced the disorder of axonal transport and that lysosome impairments were associated with the increased recruitment of phospho-Rab10 at the axon and lysosomes. Next, we established Lrrk2-KD and LRRK2 kinase- specific inhibitor (GNE-0877, GNE) pre-treated HT22 cells to inhibit Lrrk2 gene expression and kinase activity, respectively. In Mn-treated Lrrk2-KD or GNE-pretreated normal neurons, our results indicated that lysosomal pH and integrity and autophagic flow were restored, indicating by decreased levels of phospho-Rab10 on lysosomes and JNK-interacting proteins (JIP4). In addition, GNE pretreatment could provide protection against Mn-induced synaptotoxicity in vivo, which was evidenced by the partial recovery in synaptic plasticity and synaptic damage. Thus, the Mn-induced abnormal activation of LRRK2 affected lysosomes and the recruitment of phospho-Rab10 by JIP4, which disrupted autophagosomal maturation in proximal axons and resulted in the hippocampal synaptic toxicity of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Rui-Feng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Zi-Xin Xie
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China.
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15
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Hwang JA, Choi SK, Kim SH, Kim DW. Pharmacological Inhibition of LRRK2 Exhibits Neuroprotective Activity in Mouse Photothrombotic Stroke Model. Exp Neurobiol 2024; 33:36-45. [PMID: 38471803 PMCID: PMC10938073 DOI: 10.5607/en23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Interestingly, recent studies have reported an increased risk of stroke in patients with PD harboring LRRK2 mutations, but there is no evidence showing the functional involvement of LRRK2 in stroke. Here, we found that LRRK2 kinase activity was significantly induced in the Rose-Bengal (RB) photothrombosis-induced stroke mouse model. Interestingly, stroke infarct volumes were significantly reduced, and neurological deficits were diminished by pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity using MLi-2, a brain-penetrant LRRK2 kinase inhibitor. Immunohistochemical analysis showed p-LRRK2 level in stroke lesions, co-localizing with mitophagy-related proteins (PINK, Parkin, LC3B, cytochrome c), suggesting their involvement in stroke progression. Overlapping p-LRRK2 with cytochrome c/TUNEL/JC-1 (an indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential) puncta in RB photothrombosis indicated LRRK2-induced mitochondrial apoptosis, which was blocked by MLi-2. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity could attenuate mitochondrial apoptosis, ultimately leading to neuroprotective potential in stroke progression. In conclusion, LRRK2 kinase activity might be neuro-pathogenic due to impaired mitophagy in stroke progression, and pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity could be beneficial in reducing the risk of stroke in patients with LRRK2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ah Hwang
- Center for Rare Disease Therapeutic Technology, Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Center for Rare Disease Therapeutic Technology, Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul 02447, Korea
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16
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Sharma PK, Weng JH, Manschwetus JT, Wu J, Ma W, Herberg FW, Taylor SS. Role of the leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2 C-terminal tail in domain cross-talk. Biochem J 2024; 481:313-327. [PMID: 38305364 PMCID: PMC10903466 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multi-domain protein encompassing two of biology's most critical molecular switches, a kinase and a GTPase, and mutations in LRRK2 are key players in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The availability of multiple structures (full-length and truncated) has opened doors to explore intra-domain cross-talk in LRRK2. A helix extending from the WD40 domain and stably docking onto the kinase domain is common in all available structures. This C-terminal (Ct) helix is a hub of phosphorylation and organelle-localization motifs and thus serves as a multi-functional protein : protein interaction module. To examine its intra-domain interactions, we have recombinantly expressed a stable Ct motif (residues 2480-2527) and used peptide arrays to identify specific binding sites. We have identified a potential interaction site between the Ct helix and a loop in the CORB domain (CORB loop) using a combination of Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations and peptide arrays. This Ct-Motif contains two auto-phosphorylation sites (T2483 and T2524), and T2524 is a 14-3-3 binding site. The Ct helix, CORB loop, and the CORB-kinase linker together form a part of a dynamic 'CAP' that regulates the N-lobe of the kinase domain. We hypothesize that in inactive, full-length LRRK2, the Ct-helix will also mediate interactions with the N-terminal armadillo, ankyrin, and LRR domains (NTDs) and that binding of Rab substrates, PD mutations, or kinase inhibitors will unleash the NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kaila Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
| | - Jui-Hung Weng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
| | - Jascha T. Manschwetus
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Hessen, Germany
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Friedrich W. Herberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Hessen, Germany
| | - Susan S. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
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17
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McCarron KR, Elcocks H, Mortiboys H, Urbé S, Clague MJ. The Parkinson's disease related mutant VPS35 (D620N) amplifies the LRRK2 response to endolysosomal stress. Biochem J 2024; 481:265-278. [PMID: 38299383 PMCID: PMC10903469 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The identification of multiple genes linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) invites the question as to how they may co-operate. We have generated isogenic cell lines that inducibly express either wild-type or a mutant form of the retromer component VPS35 (D620N), which has been linked to PD. This has enabled us to test proposed effects of this mutation in a setting where the relative expression reflects the physiological occurrence. We confirm that this mutation compromises VPS35 association with the WASH complex, but find no defect in WASH recruitment to endosomes, nor in the distribution of lysosomal receptors, cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor and Sortilin. We show VPS35 (D620N) enhances the activity of the Parkinson's associated kinase LRRK2 towards RAB12 under basal conditions. Furthermore, VPS35 (D620N) amplifies the LRRK2 response to endolysosomal stress resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of RABs 10 and 12. By comparing different types of endolysosomal stresses such as the ionophore nigericin and the membranolytic agent l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester, we are able to dissociate phospho-RAB accumulation from membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy R. McCarron
- Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Hannah Elcocks
- Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, U.K
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Michael J. Clague
- Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
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18
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Ashraf D, Khan MR, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Protein Translation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2393. [PMID: 38397070 PMCID: PMC10888601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research into Parkinson's disease and similar neurodegenerative disorders has increasingly suggested that these conditions are synonymous with failures in proteostasis. However, the spotlight of this research has remained firmly focused on the tail end of proteostasis, primarily aggregation, misfolding, and degradation, with protein translation being comparatively overlooked. Now, there is an increasing body of evidence supporting a potential role for translation in the pathogenesis of PD, and its dysregulation is already established in other similar neurodegenerative conditions. In this paper, we consider how altered protein translation fits into the broader picture of PD pathogenesis, working hand in hand to compound the stress placed on neurons, until this becomes irrecoverable. We will also consider molecular players of interest, recent evidence that suggests that aggregates may directly influence translation in PD progression, and the implications for the role of protein translation in our development of clinically useful diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Ashraf
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 111, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Mohammed Repon Khan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Fang S, Lee PAH, Wang Z, Zhao B. The Impact of 90 Parkinson's Disease-Risk Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Urinary Bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate Levels in the Prodromal and PD Cohorts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2286. [PMID: 38396963 PMCID: PMC10889274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a prolonged prodromal phase. Higher urinary bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) levels associate with LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) and GBA1 (glucocerebrosidase) mutations, and are considered as potential noninvasive biomarkers for predicting those mutations and PD progression. However, their reliability has been questioned, with inadequately investigated genetics, cohorts, and population. In this study, multiple statistical hypothesis tests were employed on urinary BMP levels and sequences of 90 PD-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from Parkinson's Progression Markers Institution (PPMI) participants. Those SNPs were categorized into four groups based on their impact on BMP levels in various cohorts. Variants rs34637584 G/A and rs34637584 A/A (LRRK2 G2019S) were identified as the most relevant on increasing urinary BMP levels in the PD cohort. Meanwhile, rs76763715 T/T (GBA1) was the primary factor elevating BMP levels in the prodromal cohort compared to its T/C and C/C variants (N370S) and the PD cohort. Proteomics analysis indicated the changed transport pathways may be the reasons for elevated BMP levels in prodromal patients. Our findings demonstrated that higher urinary BMP levels alone were not reliable biomarkers for PD progression or gene mutations but might serve as supplementary indicators for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zejian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (S.F.); (P.A.H.L.)
| | - Bo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (S.F.); (P.A.H.L.)
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20
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Mamais A, Sanyal A, Fajfer A, Zykoski CG, Guldin M, Riley-DiPaolo A, Subrahmanian N, Gibbs W, Lin S, LaVoie MJ. The LRRK2 kinase substrates RAB8a and RAB10 contribute complementary but distinct disease-relevant phenotypes in human neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:163-173. [PMID: 38307024 PMCID: PMC10874859 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LRRK2 gene cause familial Parkinson's disease presenting with pleomorphic neuropathology that can involve α-synuclein or tau accumulation. LRRK2 mutations are thought to converge upon a pathogenic increase in LRRK2 kinase activity. A subset of small RAB GTPases has been identified as LRRK2 substrates, with LRRK2-dependent phosphorylation resulting in RAB inactivation. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to generate a novel series of isogenic iPSC lines deficient in the two most well-validated LRRK2 substrates, RAB8a and RAB10, from deeply phenotyped healthy control lines. Thorough characterization of NGN2-induced neurons revealed opposing effects of RAB8a and RAB10 deficiency on lysosomal pH and Golgi organization, with isolated effects of RAB8a and RAB10 ablation on α-synuclein and tau, respectively. Our data demonstrate largely antagonistic effects of genetic RAB8a or RAB10 inactivation, which provide discrete insight into the pathologic features of their biochemical inactivation by pathogenic LRRK2 mutation in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantios Mamais
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anwesha Sanyal
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin Fajfer
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine G Zykoski
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Guldin
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Nitya Subrahmanian
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Whitney Gibbs
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Lin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J LaVoie
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Sarkar A, Singh MP. A Complex Interplay of DJ-1, LRRK2, and Nrf2 in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function in Cypermethrin-Induced Parkinsonism. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:953-970. [PMID: 37674036 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin impairs mitochondrial function, induces redox imbalance, and leads to Parkinsonism in experimental animals. Knockdown of deglycase-1 (DJ-1) gene, which encodes a redox-sensitive antioxidant protein, aggravates cypermethrin-mediated α-synuclein overexpression and oxidative alteration of proteins. DJ-1 is also reported to be essential for maintaining stability of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), shielding cells against oxidative insult. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), another protein associated with Parkinson's disease, is also involved in regulating mitochondrial function. However, underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The study intended to explore an interaction of DJ-1, LRRK2, and Nrf2 in the regulation of mitochondrial function in cypermethrin-induced Parkinsonism. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of DJ-1 and LRRK2 gene and pharmacological activation of Nrf2 were performed in rats and/or human neuroblastoma cells with or without cypermethrin. Indexes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and Parkinsonism along with α-synuclein expression, post-translational modification, and aggregation were measured. DJ-1 gene knockdown exacerbated cypermethrin-induced increase in oxidative stress and intrinsic apoptosis and reduction in expression of mitochondrial antioxidant proteins via inhibiting nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Additionally, cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and α-synuclein expression and aggregation were found to be suppressed by LRRK2 gene knockdown, by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and expression of mitochondrial antioxidant proteins. Furthermore, Nrf2 activator, sulforaphane, ameliorated cypermethrin-induced mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress and provided protection against dopaminergic neuronal death. The findings indicate that DJ-1 and LRRK2 independently alter Nrf2-mediated changes and a complex interplay among DJ-1, LRRK2, and Nrf2 exists in the regulation of mitochondrial function in cypermethrin-induced Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alika Sarkar
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Li HY, Liu DS, Li LB, Zhang YB, Dong HY, Rong H, Zhang JY, Wang JP, Jin M, Luo N, Zhang XJ. Total Glucosides of White Paeony Capsule ameliorates Parkinson's disease-like behavior in MPTP-induced mice model by regulating LRRK2/alpha-synuclein signaling. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117319. [PMID: 37838295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Total Glucosides of White Paeony Capsule (TGPC), one of the traditional Chinese patent medicines, has been used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical practice. Besides, the components of TGPC are extracted from Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) and have displayed neuroprotective properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-PD-like effects of TGPC on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice model and explore its potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Behavioral tests, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were performed in this study. RESULTS It was observed that TGPC treatment (150, 300 mg/kg) significantly reversed MPTPinduced PD-like behaviors, such as reduced locomotive activity in the open field test, prolonged time to turn downward on the ball (T-turn) and to climb down the whole pole (T-descend) in the pole test, decreased movement scores in the traction test and extended the latency to fall in the hanging wire test. In addition, TGPC improved neurodegeneration, inhibited the excessive activation of microglia and suppressed the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines induced by MPTP, partially by restoring leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) activity and inhibiting alpha-synuclein (α-syn) mediated neuroinflammation signaling. CONCLUSION Taken together, TGPC exhibited neuroprotective effects on MPTP-induced mice model of PD, which was associated with the prevention of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration modulated by LRRK2/α-syn pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Mice
- Animals
- Parkinson Disease/drug therapy
- alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glucosides/therapeutic use
- Glucosides/metabolism
- Paeonia
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/metabolism
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/therapeutic use
- Dopaminergic Neurons
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Basic Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, 150000, PR China
| | - De-Shui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Li-Bo Li
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Ying-Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Dong
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Hua Rong
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Jing-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Jun-Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Nan Luo
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, 150000, PR China; Heilongjiang Nursing College, Haerbin, 150000, PR China.
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23
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Bhatia P, Bickle M, Agrawal AA, Truss B, Nikolaidi A, Brockmann K, Reinhardt L, Vogel S, Szegoe EM, Pal A, Hermann A, Mikicic I, Yun M, Falkenburger B, Sterneckert J. Axonal Lysosomal Assays for Characterizing the Effects of LRRK2 G2019S. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:58. [PMID: 38275734 PMCID: PMC10813644 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The degeneration of axon terminals before the soma, referred to as "dying back", is a feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Axonal assays are needed to model early PD pathogenesis as well as identify protective therapeutics. We hypothesized that defects in axon lysosomal trafficking as well as injury repair might be important contributing factors to "dying back" pathology in PD. Since primary human PD neurons are inaccessible, we developed assays to quantify axonal trafficking and injury repair using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons with LRRK2 G2019S, which is one of the most common known PD mutations, and isogenic controls. We observed a subtle axonal trafficking phenotype that was partially rescued by a LRRK2 inhibitor. Mutant LRRK2 neurons showed increased phosphorylated Rab10-positive lysosomes, and lysosomal membrane damage increased LRRK2-dependent Rab10 phosphorylation. Neurons with mutant LRRK2 showed a transient increase in lysosomes at axotomy injury sites. This was a pilot study that used two patient-derived lines to develop its methodology; we observed subtle phenotypes that might correlate with heterogeneity in LRRK2-PD patients. Further analysis using additional iPSC lines is needed. Therefore, our axonal lysosomal assays can potentially be used to characterize early PD pathogenesis and test possible therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhatia
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Marc Bickle
- Roche Institute of Human Biology, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amay A. Agrawal
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Buster Truss
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Aikaterina Nikolaidi
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lydia Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Stefanie Vogel
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Eva M. Szegoe
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arun Pal
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ivan Mikicic
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Maximina Yun
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cellular Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Physics of Life Excellence Cluster, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Gustavsson EK, Follett J, Trinh J, Barodia SK, Real R, Liu Z, Grant-Peters M, Fox JD, Appel-Cresswell S, Stoessl AJ, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Auer R, Tilney R, Sturm M, Haack TB, Lesage S, Tesson C, Brice A, Vilariño-Güell C, Ryten M, Goldberg MS, West AB, Hu MT, Morris HR, Sharma M, Gan-Or Z, Samanci B, Lis P, Tocino T, Amouri R, Sassi SB, Hentati F, Tonelli F, Alessi DR, Farrer MJ. A pathogenic variant in RAB32 causes autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease and activates LRRK2 kinase. medRxiv 2024:2024.01.17.24300927. [PMID: 38293014 PMCID: PMC10827257 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.24300927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Mendelian forms have revealed multiple genes, with a notable emphasis on membrane trafficking; RAB GTPases play an important role in PD as a subset are both regulators and substrates of LRRK2 protein kinase. To explore the role of RAB GTPases in PD, we undertook a comprehensive examination of their genetic variability in familial PD. Methods Affected probands from 130 multi-incident PD families underwent whole-exome sequencing and genotyping, Potential pathogenic variants in 61 RAB GTPases were genotyped in relatives to assess disease segregation. These variants were also genotyped in a larger case-control series, totaling 3,078 individuals (2,734 with PD). The single most significant finding was subsequently validated within genetic data (6,043 with PD). Clinical and pathologic findings were summarized for gene-identified patients, and haplotypes were constructed. In parallel, wild-type and mutant RAB GTPase structural variation, protein interactions, and resultant enzyme activities were assessed. Findings We found RAB32 c.213C>G (Ser71Arg) to co-segregate with autosomal dominant parkinsonism in three multi-incident families. RAB32 Ser71Arg was also significantly associated with PD in case-control samples: genotyping and database searches identified thirteen more patients with the same variant that was absent in unaffected controls. Notably, RAB32 Ser71Arg heterozygotes share a common haplotype. At autopsy, one patient had sparse neurofibrillary tangle pathology in the midbrain and thalamus, without Lewy body pathology. In transfected cells the RAB32 Arg71 was twice as potent as Ser71 wild type to activate LRRK2 kinase. Interpretation Our study provides unequivocal evidence to implicate RAB32 Ser71Arg in PD. Functional analysis demonstrates LRRK2 kinase activation. We provide a mechanistic explanation to expand and unify the etiopathogenesis of monogenic PD. Funding National Institutes of Health, the Canada Excellence Research Chairs program, Aligning Science Across Parkinson's, the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, and the UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil K. Gustavsson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jordan Follett
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck 23538, Germany
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandeep K. Barodia
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raquel Real
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Melissa Grant-Peters
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jesse D. Fox
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silke Appel-Cresswell
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ali H. Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Roland Auer
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Russel Tilney
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew S. Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew B. West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham 27710, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michele T. Hu
- Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Huw R. Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bedia Samanci
- Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pawel Lis
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | | | - Rim Amouri
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Samia Ben Sassi
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Faycel Hentati
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | | | - Francesca Tonelli
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew J. Farrer
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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Anis S, Goldberg T, Shvueli E, Kozlov Y, Redlich Y, Lavi N, Lavie I, Sosero YL, Gan-Or Z, Ungar L, Zibly Z, Greenbaum L, Fay-Karmon T, Hassin-Baer S. Are LRRK2 p.G2019S or GBA1 variants associated with long-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024:106008. [PMID: 38242744 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment option for individuals with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). The potential influence of the LRRK2 p.G2019S or GBA1 variants on its lasting efficacy and adverse effects should be better characterized. METHODS We conducted a retrospective single-center case-control study involving PD patients who were carriers of a GBA1 variant (GBA1-PD), the LRRK2 p.G2019S variant (LRRK2-PD), and non-carriers (Nc-PD). All participants underwent DBS and were followed up for at least a year. Assessments before surgery and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 years post-DBS included the following: the Movement Disorder Society's Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III, Hoehn and Yahr scale, Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose (LEDD) and non-motor symptoms (psychotic episodes, depressive symptoms, and cognitive decline). RESULTS The sample was composed of 103 patients (72 males, mean age at DBS surgery 61.5 ± 8.7 years, mean postoperative follow-up 7.0 ± 4.1 years). Of these, 19 were LRRK2-PD, 20 GBA1-PD, and 64 were Nc-PD. No significant differences in motor outcomes were observed between the groups. Compared to the Nc-PD patients, the GBA1-PD patients were at increased risk of both psychotic episodes [hazard ratio (HR) 2.76 (95 % CI: 1.12-6.80), p = 0.027], and cognitive decline [HR 2.28 (95 % CI: 1.04-5.00), p = 0.04]. CONCLUSION LRRK2 and GBA1 variant status did not affect the motor outcomes of DBS in PD patients. However, GBA1-PD patients were at increased risk for psychosis and cognitive decline. Further studies are required to determine the role of genetic stratification in referral to DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Anis
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tomer Goldberg
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ethan Shvueli
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Kozlov
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Arrow Project for Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonatan Redlich
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naama Lavi
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Lavie
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuri Ludwig Sosero
- The Neuro (Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lior Ungar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Zion Zibly
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tsvia Fay-Karmon
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Saffie Awad P, Teixeira-Dos-Santos D, Santos-Lobato BL, Camargos S, Cornejo-Olivas M, de Mello Rieder CR, Mata IF, Chaná-Cuevas P, Klein C, Schumacher Schuh AF. Frequency of Hereditary and GBA1-Related Parkinsonism in Latin America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mov Disord 2024; 39:6-16. [PMID: 37921246 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying hereditary parkinsonism is valuable for diagnosis, genetic counseling, patient prioritization in trials, and studying the disease for personalized therapies. However, most studies were conducted in Europeans, and limited data exist on admixed populations like those from Latin America. OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the frequency and distribution of genetic parkinsonism in Latin America. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the frequency of parkinsonian syndromes associated with genetic pathogenic variants in Latin America. We defined hereditary parkinsonism as those caused by the genes outlined by the MDS Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders and heterozygous carriers of GBA1 pathogenic variants. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS in August 2022. Researchers reviewed titles and abstracts, and disagreements were resolved by a third researcher. After this screening, five researchers reanalyzed the selection criteria and extracted information based on the full paper. The frequency for each parkinsonism-related gene was determined by the presence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants among screened patients. Cochran's Q and I2 tests were used to quantify heterogeneity. Meta-regression, publication bias tests, and sensitivity analysis regarding study quality were also used for LRRK2-, PRKN-, and GBA1-related papers. RESULTS We included 73 studies involving 3014 screened studies from 16 countries. Among 7668 Latin American patients, pathogenic variants were found in 19 different genes. The frequency of the pathogenic variants in LRRK2 was 1.38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-2.57), PRKN was 1.16% (95% CI: 0.08-3.05), and GBA1 was 4.17% (95% CI: 2.57-6.08). For all meta-analysis, heterogeneity was high and publication bias tests were negative, except for PRKN, which was contradictory. Information on the number of pathogenic variants in the other genes is further presented in the text. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into hereditary and GBA1-related parkinsonism in Latin America. Lower GBA1 frequencies compared to European/North American cohorts may result from limited access to gene sequencing. Further research is vital for regional prevalence understanding, enabling personalized care and therapies. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saffie Awad
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento (CETRAM), Santiago, Chile
- Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato
- Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuropatologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sarah Camargos
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mario Cornejo-Olivas
- Neurogenetics Working Group, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ignacio F Mata
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pedro Chaná-Cuevas
- Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento (CETRAM), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Artur F Schumacher Schuh
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Carrer T, Bonato G, Sandre M, Emmi A, Campagnolo M, Musso G, Carecchio M, Parchi P, Antonini A. Rapidly progressive multiple system atrophy in a patient carrying LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:309-313. [PMID: 37752324 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is considered a primarily sporadic neurodegenerative disease, but the role of genetic is poorly understood. CASE We present a female patient of Moroccan origin who developed a rapidly progressive non-levodopa responsive parkinsonism, gait and balance problems, and dysautonomia including severe bulbar symptoms. She was diagnosed with MSA Parkinsonian-type (MSA-P) and suddenly died at night at 58 years of age. Reduced striatal DAT-SPECT, putaminal hyperintensity on T2-MRI, and hypometabolism with FDG-PET were present. Genetic testing documented a G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene. A skin biopsy was obtained and used to perform alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC, which was negative, and immunohistochemical analysis, which demonstrated abnormal alpha-synuclein deposits in cutaneous nerves. Elevated blood neurofilament light chain levels were also documented. CONCLUSIONS LRRK2 mutations are the most common cause of monogenic Parkinson's disease (PD) and G2019S is the most frequent variant. Our patient presented with biological, clinical, and radiological features of MSA, but genetic testing revealed a G2019S LRRK2 mutation, which has been previously reported only in one other case of pathologically proven MSA but with mild progression. In our patient, post-mortem confirmation could not be performed, but RT-QuIC and immunohistochemical findings on skin biopsy support the diagnosis of MSA. G2019S LRRK2 may be linked to an increased risk of MSA. Cases of atypical parkinsonism with rapid disease course should be screened for PD-related genes especially in populations with a high prevalence of mutations in known genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Carrer
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Study Center On Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonato
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Study Center On Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Sandre
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Study Center On Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Aron Emmi
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Study Center On Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Campagnolo
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Study Center On Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Musso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Miryam Carecchio
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Study Center On Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Programma Neuropatologia Delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, IRCCS, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Study Center On Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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Shani S, Gana-Weisz M, Bar-Shira A, Thaler A, Gurevich T, Mirelman A, Giladi N, Alcalay RN, Goldstein O, Orr-Urtreger A. MAPT Locus in Parkinson's Disease Patients of Ashkenazi Origin: A Stratified Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:46. [PMID: 38254936 PMCID: PMC10815687 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: MAPT locus is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), which is located within a large inversion region of high linkage disequilibrium (LD). We aimed to determine whether the H2-haplotype protective effect and its effect size depends on the GBA1 or LRRK2 risk allele carrier status, and to further characterize genetic alterations that might contribute to its effect. Methods: LD analysis was performed using whole-genome sequencing data of 202 unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) PDs. A haplotype-divergent variant was genotyped in a cohort of 1200 consecutively recruited AJ-PDs. The odd ratios were calculated using AJ-non-neuro cases from the gnomAD database as the controls in an un-stratified and a stratified manner according to the mutation carrier status, and the effect on the Age at Motor Symptom Onset (AMSO) was examined. Expression and splicing quantitative trait locus (eQTL and sQTL) analyses were carried out using brain tissues from a database. Results: The H2 haplotype exhibited significant association with PD protection, with a similar effect size in GBA1 carriers, LRRK2-G2019S carriers, and non-carriers (OR = 0.77, 0.69, and 0.82, respectively), and there was no effect on AMSO. The LD interval was narrowed to approximately 1.2 Mb. The H2 haplotype carried potential variants in candidate genes (MAPT and SPPL2C); structural deletions and segmental duplication (KANSL1); and variants affecting gene expression and intron excision ratio in brain tissues (LRRC37A/2). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that H2 is associated with PD and its protective effect is not influenced by the GBA1/LRRK2 risk allele carrier status. This effect may be genetically complex, resulting from different levels of variations such as missense mutations in relevant genes, structural variations, epigenetic modifications, and RNA expression changes, which may operate independently or in synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Shani
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (S.S.); (A.T.); (T.G.); (A.M.); (N.G.); (A.O.-U.)
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (M.G.-W.); (A.B.-S.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Mali Gana-Weisz
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (M.G.-W.); (A.B.-S.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Anat Bar-Shira
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (M.G.-W.); (A.B.-S.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Avner Thaler
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (S.S.); (A.T.); (T.G.); (A.M.); (N.G.); (A.O.-U.)
- Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tanya Gurevich
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (S.S.); (A.T.); (T.G.); (A.M.); (N.G.); (A.O.-U.)
- Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (S.S.); (A.T.); (T.G.); (A.M.); (N.G.); (A.O.-U.)
- Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (S.S.); (A.T.); (T.G.); (A.M.); (N.G.); (A.O.-U.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Roy N. Alcalay
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (M.G.-W.); (A.B.-S.); (R.N.A.)
- Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Orly Goldstein
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (M.G.-W.); (A.B.-S.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (S.S.); (A.T.); (T.G.); (A.M.); (N.G.); (A.O.-U.)
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (M.G.-W.); (A.B.-S.); (R.N.A.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Nazish I, Mamais A, Mallach A, Bettencourt C, Kaganovich A, Warner T, Hardy J, Lewis PA, Pocock J, Cookson MR, Bandopadhyay R. Differential LRRK2 Signalling and Gene Expression in WT-LRRK2 and G2019S-LRRK2 Mouse Microglia Treated with Zymosan and MLi2. Cells 2023; 13:53. [PMID: 38201257 PMCID: PMC10778119 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene cause autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), with the most common causative mutation being the LRRK2 p.G2019S within the kinase domain. LRRK2 protein is highly expressed in the human brain and also in the periphery, and high expression of dominant PD genes in immune cells suggests involvement of microglia and macrophages in inflammation related to PD. LRRK2 is known to respond to extracellular signalling including TLR4, resulting in alterations in gene expression, with the response to TLR2 signalling through zymosan being less known. Here, we investigated the effects of zymosan, a TLR2 agonist and the potent and specific LRRK2 kinase inhibitor MLi-2 on gene expression in microglia from LRRK2-WT and LRRK2 p.G2019S knock-in mice by RNA-sequencing analysis. We observed both overlapping and distinct zymosan and MLi-2 mediated gene expression profiles in microglia. At least two candidate genome-wide association (GWAS) hits for PD, CathepsinB (Ctsb) and Glycoprotein-nmb (Gpnmb), were notably downregulated by zymosan treatment. Genes involved in inflammatory response and nervous system development were up and downregulated, respectively, with zymosan treatment, while MLi-2 treatment particularly exhibited upregulated genes for ion transmembrane transport regulation. Furthermore, we observed that the top twenty most significantly differentially expressed genes in LRRK2 p.G2019S microglia show enriched biological processes in iron transport and response to oxidative stress. Overall, these results suggest that microglial LRRK2 may contribute to PD pathogenesis through altered inflammatory pathways. Our findings should encourage future investigations of these putative avenues in the context of PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Nazish
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Department of Movement neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK (T.W.)
| | - Adamantios Mamais
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Anna Mallach
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 1PJ, UK; (A.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Conceicao Bettencourt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (C.B.); (J.H.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Alice Kaganovich
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.K.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Thomas Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Department of Movement neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK (T.W.)
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (C.B.); (J.H.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (C.B.); (J.H.); (P.A.L.)
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Jennifer Pocock
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 1PJ, UK; (A.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.K.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Department of Movement neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK (T.W.)
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Mohamed ME, El-Shafae AM, Fikry E, Elbaramawi SS, Elbatreek MH, Tawfeek N. Casuarina glauca branchlets' extract as a potential treatment for ulcerative colitis: chemical composition, in silico and in vivo studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1322181. [PMID: 38196993 PMCID: PMC10774231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1322181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that is often resistant to current treatment options, leading to a need for alternative therapies. Herbal products have shown promise in managing various conditions, including UC. However, the potential of Casuarina glauca branchlets ethanolic extract (CGBRE) in treating UC has not been explored. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of CGBRE and evaluate its efficacy in UC treatment through in silico and in vivo experiments. LC-ESI-MS/MS was used to identify 86 compounds in CGBRE, with 21 potential bioactive compounds determined through pharmacokinetic analysis. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 171 potential UC targets for the bioactive compounds, including EGFR, LRRK2, and HSP90 as top targets, which were found to bind to key CGBRE compounds through molecular docking. Molecular docking findings suggested that CGBRE may be effective in the prevention or treatment of ulcerative colitis mediated by these proteins, where key CGBRE compounds exhibited good binding affinities through formation of numerous interactions. In vivo studies in rats with acetic acid-induced UC demonstrated that oral administration of 300 mg/kg CGBRE for 6 days reduced UC symptoms and colonic expression of EGFR, LRRK2, and HSP90. These findings supported the therapeutic potential of CGBRE in UC and suggested the need for further preclinical and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged E. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza M. El-Shafae
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Fikry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar S. Elbaramawi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H. Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nora Tawfeek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Iannotta L, Emanuele M, Favetta G, Tombesi G, Vandewynckel L, Lara Ordóñez AJ, Saliou JM, Drouyer M, Sibran W, Civiero L, Nichols RJ, Athanasopoulos PS, Kortholt A, Chartier-Harlin MC, Greggio E, Taymans JM. PAK6-mediated phosphorylation of PPP2R2C regulates LRRK2-PP2A complex formation. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1269387. [PMID: 38169846 PMCID: PMC10759229 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1269387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a common cause of inherited and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) and previous work suggests that dephosphorylation of LRRK2 at a cluster of heterologous phosphosites is associated to disease. We have previously reported subunits of the PP1 and PP2A classes of phosphatases as well as the PAK6 kinase as regulators of LRRK2 dephosphorylation. We therefore hypothesized that PAK6 may have a functional link with LRRK2's phosphatases. To investigate this, we used PhosTag gel electrophoresis with purified proteins and found that PAK6 phosphorylates the PP2A regulatory subunit PPP2R2C at position S381. While S381 phosphorylation did not affect PP2A holoenzyme formation, a S381A phosphodead PPP2R2C showed impaired binding to LRRK2. Also, PAK6 kinase activity changed PPP2R2C subcellular localization in a S381 phosphorylation-dependent manner. Finally, PAK6-mediated dephosphorylation of LRRK2 was unaffected by phosphorylation of PPP2R2C at S381, suggesting that the previously reported mechanism whereby PAK6-mediated phosphorylation of 14-3-3 proteins promotes 14-3-3-LRRK2 complex dissociation and consequent exposure of LRRK2 phosphosites for dephosphorylation is dominant. Taken together, we conclude that PAK6-mediated phosphorylation of PPP2R2C influences the recruitment of PPP2R2C to the LRRK2 complex and PPP2R2C subcellular localization, pointing to an additional mechanism in the fine-tuning of LRRK2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Iannotta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- National Research Council, c/o Humanitas Research Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marco Emanuele
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Giulia Favetta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Tombesi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laurine Vandewynckel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Saliou
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institute Pasteur de Lille, US 41 – UAR 2014 – PLBS, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Drouyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - William Sibran
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Laura Civiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- IRCSS, San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - R. Jeremy Nichols
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- YETEM-Innovative Technologies Application and Research Centre, Suleyman Demirel University West Campus, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
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Otsuka Y, Hara A, Minaga K, Sekai I, Kurimoto M, Masuta Y, Takada R, Yoshikawa T, Kamata K, Kudo M, Watanabe T. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 promotes the development of experimental severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:182-196. [PMID: 37847786 PMCID: PMC10714192 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Translocation of gut bacteria into the pancreas promotes the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Recent clinical studies have also highlighted the association between fungal infections and SAP. The sensing of gut bacteria by pattern recognition receptors promotes the development of SAP via the production of proinflammatory cytokines; however, the mechanism by which gut fungi mediate SAP remains largely unknown. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multifunctional protein that regulates innate immunity against fungi via Dectin-1 activation. Here, we investigated the role of LRRK2 in SAP development and observed that administration of LRRK2 inhibitors attenuated SAP development. The degree of SAP was greater in Lrrk2 transgenic (Tg) mice than in control mice and was accompanied by an increased production of nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines. Ablation of the fungal mycobiome by anti-fungal drugs inhibited SAP development in Lrrk2 Tg mice, whereas the degree of SAP was comparable in Lrrk2 Tg mice with or without gut sterilization by a broad range of antibiotics. Pancreatic mononuclear cells from Lrrk2 Tg mice produced large amounts of IL-6 and TNF-α upon stimulation with Dectin-1 ligands, and inhibition of the Dectin-1 pathway by a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor protected Lrrk2 Tg mice from SAP. These data indicate that LRRK2 activation is involved in the development of SAP through proinflammatory cytokine responses upon fungal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akane Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikue Sekai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Masuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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Wallings RL, Mark JR, Staley HA, Gillett DA, Neighbarger N, Kordasiewicz H, Hirst WD, Tansey MG. ASO-mediated knockdown or kinase inhibition of G2019S- Lrrk2 modulates lysosomal tubule-associated antigen presentation in macrophages. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 34:102064. [PMID: 38028198 PMCID: PMC10661462 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation around the LRRK2 gene affects risk for both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 levels have become an appealing target for potential PD therapeutics with LRRK2 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) now moving toward clinical trials. However, LRRK2 has been suggested to play a fundamental role in peripheral immunity, and it is currently unknown if targeting increased LRRK2 levels in peripheral immune cells will be beneficial or deleterious. Here it was observed that G2019S macrophages exhibited increased stimulation-dependent lysosomal tubule formation (LTF) and MHC-II trafficking from the perinuclear lysosome to the plasma membrane in an mTOR-dependent manner with concomitant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Both ASO-mediated knockdown of mutant Lrrk2 and LRRK2 kinase inhibition ameliorated this phenotype and decreased these immune responses in control cells. Given the critical role of antigen presentation, lysosomal function, and cytokine release in macrophages, it is likely LRRK2-targeting therapies with systemic activity may have therapeutic value with regard to mutant LRRK2, but deleterious effects on the peripheral immune system, such as altered pathogen control in these cells, should be considered when reducing levels of non-mutant LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Wallings
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Julian R. Mark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Hannah A. Staley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Drew A. Gillett
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Noelle Neighbarger
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Holly Kordasiewicz
- Neurology, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Warren D. Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology and Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Kawakami F, Imai M, Isaka Y, Cookson MR, Maruyama H, Kubo M, Farrer MJ, Kanzaki M, Kawashima R, Maekawa T, Tamaki S, Kurosaki Y, Kojima F, Ohba K, Ichikawa T. LRRK2 negatively regulates glucose tolerance via regulation of membrane translocation of GLUT4 in adipocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2200-2214. [PMID: 37845194 PMCID: PMC10699104 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that abnormalities of glucose metabolism are involved in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-associated Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the physiological significance of this association is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of LRRK2 on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance using Lrrk2-knockout (KO) mice. We found for the first time that HFD-fed KO mice display improved glucose tolerance compared with their wild-type (WT) counterparts. In addition, high serum insulin and leptin, as well as low serum adiponectin resulting from HFD in WT mice were improved in KO mice. Using western blotting, we found that Lrrk2 is highly expressed in adipose tissues compared with other insulin-related tissues that are thought to be important in glucose tolerance, including skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas. Lrrk2 expression and phosphorylation of its kinase substrates Rab8a and Rab10 were significantly elevated after HFD treatment in WT mice. In cell culture experiments, treatment with a LRRK2 kinase inhibitor stimulated insulin-dependent membrane translocation of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and glucose uptake in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We conclude that increased LRRK2 kinase activity in adipose tissue exacerbates glucose tolerance by suppressing Rab8- and Rab10-mediated GLUT4 membrane translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Kawakami
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Department of Health Administration, School of Allied Health SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Motoki Imai
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Yuki Isaka
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Hiroko Maruyama
- Department of Cytopathology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Makoto Kubo
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Department of Neurology and Fixel InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Rei Kawashima
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Tatsunori Maekawa
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Shun Tamaki
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Yoshifumi Kurosaki
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Fumiaki Kojima
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Allied Health SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Kenichi Ohba
- Department of Health Administration, School of Allied Health SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
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Stickley L, Koch R, Nagoshi E. The utility and caveat of split-GAL4s in the study of neurodegeneration. Fly (Austin) 2023; 17:2192847. [PMID: 36959085 PMCID: PMC10038051 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2023.2192847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, afflicting over 1% of the population of age 60 y and above. The loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is the primary cause of its characteristic motor symptoms. Studies using Drosophila melanogaster and other model systems have provided much insight into the pathogenesis of PD. However, little is known why certain cell types are selectively susceptible to degeneration in PD. Here, we describe an approach to identify vulnerable subpopulations of neurons in the genetic background linked to PD in Drosophila, using the split-GAL4 drivers that enable genetic manipulation of a small number of defined cell populations. We identify split-GAL4 lines that target neurons selectively vulnerable in a model of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-linked familial PD, demonstrating the utility of this approach. We also show an unexpected caveat of the split-GAL4 system in ageing-related research: an age-dependent increase in the number of GAL4-labelled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Stickley
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Koch
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emi Nagoshi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Chen K, Tang F, Du B, Yue Z, Jiao L, Ding X, Tuo Q, Meng J, He S, Dai L, Lei P, Wei X. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2) inhibition upregulates microtubule-associated protein 1B to ameliorate lysosomal dysfunction and parkinsonism. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e429. [PMID: 38020716 PMCID: PMC10661827 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LRRK2 (encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 protein, LRRK2) are the most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), and increased LRRK2 kinase activity was observed in sporadic PD. Therefore, inhibition of LRRK2 has been tested as a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy using the LRRK2 mutant mice and sporadic PD. Here, we report a newly designed molecule, FL090, as a LRRK2 kinase inhibitor, verified in cell culture and animal models of PD. Using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mice and SNCA A53T transgenic mice, FL090 ameliorated motor dysfunctions, reduced LRRK2 kinase activity, and rescued loss in the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Notably, by RNA-Seq analysis, we identified microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP1B) as a crucial mediator of FL090's neuroprotective effects and found that MAP1B and LRRK2 co-localize. Overexpression of MAP1B rescued 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium induced cytotoxicity through rescuing the lysosomal function, and the protective effect of FL090 was lost in MAP1B knockout cells. Further studies may be focused on the in vivo mechanisms of MAP1B and microtubule function in PD. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of FL090 as a therapeutic agent for sporadic PD and familial PD without LRRK2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Zhe‐Zhou Yue
- Guizhou Yiluoqini Techno. Co., Ltd, Guizhou Shuanglong Airport Economic ZoneGuiyangP. R. China
| | - Ling‐Ling Jiao
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Xu‐Long Ding
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Qing‐Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Si‐Yu He
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Xia‐Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
- Guizhou Yiluoqini Techno. Co., Ltd, Guizhou Shuanglong Airport Economic ZoneGuiyangP. R. China
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Liang D, Liu H, Jin R, Feng R, Wang J, Qin C, Zhang R, Chen Y, Zhang J, Teng J, Tang B, Ding X, Wang X. Escherichia coli triggers α-synuclein pathology in the LRRK2 transgenic mouse model of PD. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2276296. [PMID: 38010914 PMCID: PMC10730176 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2276296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) pathology is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is a major-effect risk gene for sporadic PD (sPD). However, what environmental factors may trigger the formation of α-syn pathology in carriers of LRRK2 risk variants are still unknown. Here, we report that a markedly increased abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the intestinal microbiota was detected in LRRK2 risk variant(R1628P or G2385R) carriers with sPD compared with carriers without sPD. Animal experiments showed that E. coli administration triggered pathological α-syn accumulation in the colon and spread to the brain via the gut-brain axis in Lrrk2 R1628P mice, due to the co-occurrence of Lrrk2 variant-induced inhibition of α-syn autophagic degradation and increased phosphorylation of α-syn caused by curli in E. coli-derived extracellular vesicles. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) effectively ameliorated motor deficits and α-syn pathology in Lrrk2 R1628P mice. Our findings elaborate on the mechanism that E. coli triggers α-syn pathology in Lrrk2 R1628P mice, and highlight a novel gene-environment interaction pattern in LRRK2 risk variants. Even more importantly, the findings reveal the interplay between the specific risk gene and the matched environmental factors triggers the initiation of α-syn pathology in sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruoqi Jin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Renyi Feng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiuqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chi Qin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongkang Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuebing Ding
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Komori T, Kuwahara T. An Update on the Interplay between LRRK2, Rab GTPases and Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1645. [PMID: 38002327 PMCID: PMC10669493 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, research on the pathobiology of neurodegenerative diseases has greatly evolved, revealing potential targets and mechanisms linked to their pathogenesis. Parkinson's disease (PD) is no exception, and recent studies point to the involvement of endolysosomal defects in PD. The endolysosomal system, which tightly controls a flow of endocytosed vesicles targeted either for degradation or recycling, is regulated by a number of Rab GTPases. Their associations with leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a major causative and risk protein of PD, has also been one of the hot topics in the field. Understanding their interactions and functions is critical for unraveling their contribution to PD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent studies on LRRK2 and Rab GTPases and attempt to provide more insight into the interaction of LRRK2 with each Rab and its relationship to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Holmes G, Ferguson SR, Lewis PA, Echeverri K. LRRK2 kinase activity is necessary for development and regeneration in Nematostella vectensis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3525606. [PMID: 37986927 PMCID: PMC10659525 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3525606/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, is an emerging model organism with a high regenerative capacity, which was recently found to possess an orthologue to the human LRRK2 gene (nvLRRK2). The leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene, when mutated, is the most common cause of inherited Parkinson's Disease (PD). Its protein product (LRRK2) has implications in a variety of cellular processes, however, the full function of LRRK2 is not well established. Current research is focusing on understanding the function of LRRK2, including both its physiological role as well as its pathobiological underpinnings. Methods We used bioinformatics to determine the cross-species conservation of LRRK2, then applied drugs targeting the kinase activity of LRRK2 to examine its function in development, homeostasis and regeneration in Nematostella vectensis. Results An in-silico characterization and phylogenetic analysis of nvLRRK2 comparing it to human LRRK2 highlighted key conserved motifs and residues. In vivo analyses inhibiting the kinase function of this enzyme demonstrated a role of nvLRRK2 in development and regeneration of N. vectensis. These findings implicate a developmental role of LRRK2 in Nematostella, adding to the expanding knowledge of its physiological function. Conclusions Our work introduces a new model organism with which to study LRRK biology. We show a necessity for LRRK2 in development and regeneration. Given the short generation time, genetic trackability and in vivo imaging capabilities, this work introduces Nematostella vectensis as a new model in which to study genes linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's.
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40
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Naskar A, Bhanja KK, Roy RK, Patra N. Role of the Residue Q1919 in Increasing Kinase Activity of G2019S LRRK2 Kinase: A Computational Study. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300306. [PMID: 37584472 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in multi-domain leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been an interest to researchers as these mutations are associated with Parkinson's disease. G2019S mutation in LRRK2 kinase domain leads to the formation of additional hydrogen bonds by S2019 which results in stabilization of the active state of the kinase, thereby increasing kinase activity. Two additional hydrogen bonds of S2019 are reported separately. Here, a mechanistic picture of the formation of additional hydrogen bonds of S2019 with Q1919 (also with E1920) is presented using 'active' Roco4 kinase as a homology model and its relationship with the stabilization of the 'active' G2019S LRRK2 kinase. A conformational flipping of residue Q1919 was found which helped to form stable hydrogen bond with S2019 and made 'active' state more stable in G2019S LRRK2. Two different states were found within the 'active' kinase with respect to the conformational change (flipping) in Q1919. Two doubly-mutated systems, G2019S/Q1919A and G2019S/E1920 K, were studied separately to check the effect of Q1919 and E1920. For both cases, the stable S2 state was not formed, leading to a decrease in kinase activity. These results indicate that both the additional hydrogen bonds of S2019 (with Q1919 and E1920) are necessary to stabilize the active G2019S LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigyan Naskar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Kousik Kumar Bhanja
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Niladri Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, India
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de Guilhem de Lataillade A, Pellegrini C, Neunlist M, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Derkinderen P. Are LRRK2 mysteries lurking in the gut? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G429-G435. [PMID: 37643021 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00162.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Gut-brain axis and inflammation are two hot topics in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this setting, the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene, which encodes the eponym protein, has attracted much attention. LRRK2 is not only the gene most commonly associated with Parkinson's disease but also a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease (CD), thereby suggesting that it may sit at the crossroads of gastrointestinal inflammation, Parkinson's, and Crohn's disease. In contrast to the accumulated data on LRRK2 in the central nervous system (CNS), research on LRRK2 in the digestive tract is still in its infancy, and the scope of the present review article is therefore to review existing studies on LRRK2 in the gastrointestinal tract in both physiological and pathological conditions. In light of current data on LRRK2 in the gastrointestinal tract, we discuss if LRRK2 could be or not regarded as a molecular link between gut inflammation, Parkinson's disease, and Crohn's disease, and we suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien de Guilhem de Lataillade
- The Enteric Nervous System In Gut And Brain Disorders, Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michel Neunlist
- The Enteric Nervous System In Gut And Brain Disorders, Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- The Enteric Nervous System In Gut And Brain Disorders, Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- The Enteric Nervous System In Gut And Brain Disorders, Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
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Wu J, Yang S, Wu H, Huang Y, Miao Y. Knockdown of LRRK2 inhibits the progression of lung cancer by regulating TLR4/NF-κB pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:178-184. [PMID: 37970545 PMCID: PMC10636582 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) plays an important role in a variety of inflammatory diseases, as well as peripheral and central immune responses. At present, there are few reports about the role of LRRK2 in lung cancer, and need to be further explored. The main purpose of this study is to explore the role and mechanism of LRRK2 in lung cancer. The results revealed that the expression of LRRK2 was increased in the tissues of lung cancer patient and lung cancer cells. Further studies found that interference with LRRK2 expression significantly induced the apoptosis, and promoted the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax. More importantly, si-LRRK2 inhibited the expression of VEGF and P-gp, indicating inhibition of cell proliferation and drug resistance. What's more, LRRK2 regulated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome, and TLR4/NF-κB pathways was involved in the molecular mechanism of LRRK2 on lung cancer cells. In conclusion, this study suggested that the mechanism of si-LRRK2 inhibiting the progression of lung cancer is to regulate the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Shumei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Yongcheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
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Ong YL, Deng X, Li HH, Narasimhalu K, Chan LL, Prakash KM, Au WL, Ratnagopal P, Tan LC, Tan EK. Caffeine intake interacts with Asian gene variants in Parkinson's disease: a study in 4488 subjects. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 40:100877. [PMID: 37691886 PMCID: PMC10485627 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Caffeine intake reduces risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the interaction with genes is unclear. The interaction of caffeine with genetic variants in those at high PD risk has healthcare importance. We investigate interactions of caffeine intake with risk variants found in Asians, and determine PD risk estimates in caffeine-drinkers carrying these variants. Methods PD patients and controls without neurological disorders were included. Caffeine intake was assessed using a validated evaluation tool. Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) risk variants were genotyped. Statistical analysis was conducted with logistic regression models. Gene-caffeine interactions were quantified using attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction (positive interaction defined as AP >0). Findings 5100 subjects were screened and 4488 subjects (1790 PD, 2698 controls) with genetic data of at least one LRRK2 variant were included. Risk-variant-carriers who were non-caffeine-drinkers had increased PD odds compared to wildtype carriers who were caffeine-drinkers for G2385R [OR 8.6 (2.6-28.1) p < 0.001; AP = 0.71], R1628P [OR 4.6 (1.6-12.8) p = 0.004; AP = 0.50] and S1647T [OR 4.0 (2.0-8.1) p < 0.001; AP = 0.55] variants. Interpretation Caffeine intake interacts with LRRK2 risk variants across three different groups of gene carriers. Asymptomatic risk-variant-carriers who are non-caffeine-drinkers have four to eight times greater PD risk compared to wildtype-caffeine-drinkers. Lifestyle modifications to mitigate PD risk in asymptomatic healthy risk variant carriers have potential roles in our Asian cohort. Funding This study was supported by the National Medical Research Council (STaR and PD OF LCG 000207 grants) and Duke-NUS Medical School.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Ong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Xiao Deng
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ling-Ling Chan
- Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kumar M. Prakash
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Pavanni Ratnagopal
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Eng-King Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
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Dues DJ, Ma Y, Nguyen APT, Offerman AV, Beddows I, Moore DJ. Formation of templated inclusions in a forebrain α-synuclein mouse model is independent of LRRK2. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106338. [PMID: 38435455 PMCID: PMC10906965 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and α-synuclein share enigmatic roles in the pathobiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 mutations are a common genetic cause of PD which, in addition to neurodegeneration, often present with abnormal deposits of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy-related pathology. As Lewy-related pathology is a prominent neuropathologic finding in sporadic PD, the relationship between LRRK2 and α-synuclein has garnered considerable interest. However, whether and how LRRK2 might influence the accumulation of Lewy-related pathology remains poorly understood. Through stereotactic injection of mouse α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFF), we modeled the spread of Lewy-related pathology within forebrain regions where LRRK2 is most highly expressed. The impact of LRRK2 genotype on the formation of α-synuclein inclusions was evaluated at 1-month post-injection. Neither deletion of LRRK2 nor G2019S LRRK2 knockin appreciably altered the burden of α-synuclein pathology at this early timepoint. These observations fail to provide support for a robust pathophysiologic interaction between LRRK2 and α-synuclein in the forebrain in vivo. There was, however, a modest reduction in microglial activation induced by PFF delivery in the hippocampus of LRRK2 knockout mice, suggesting that LRRK2 may contribute to α-synuclein-induced neuroinflammation. Collectively, our data indicate that the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein in the mouse forebrain is largely independent of LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Dues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - An Phu Tran Nguyen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alina V. Offerman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ian Beddows
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Darren J. Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Mazaki Y, Handa H, Fumoto Y, Horinouchi T, Onodera Y. LRRK2 is involved in the chemotaxis of neutrophils and differentiated HL-60 cells, and the inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity increases fMLP-induced chemotactic activity. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:300. [PMID: 37904222 PMCID: PMC10614378 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils depend heavily on glycolysis for energy production under normal conditions. In contrast, neutrophils require energy supplied by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during chemotaxis. However, the mechanism by which the energy supply changes from glycolysis to OXPHOS remains unknown. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is partially present in the outer mitochondrial membrane fraction. Lrrk2-deficient cells show mitochondrial fragmentation and reduced OXPHOS activity. We have previously reported that mitofusin (MFN) 2 is involved in chemotaxis and OXPHOS activation upon chemoattractant N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) stimulation in differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells. It has been previously reported that LRRK2 binds to MFN2 and partially colocalizes with MFN2 at the mitochondrial membranes. This study investigated the involvement of LRRK2 in chemotaxis and MFN2 activation in neutrophils and dHL-60 cells. METHODS Lrrk2 knockout neutrophils and Lrrk2 knockdown dHL-60 cells were used to examine the possible involvement of LRRK2 in chemotaxis. Lrrk2 knockdown dHL-60 cells were used a tetracycline-inducible small hairpin RNA (shRNA) system to minimize the effects of LRRK2 knockdown during cell culture. The relationship between LRRK2 and MFN2 was investigated by measuring the GTP-binding activity of MFN2 in Lrrk2 knockdown dHL-60 cells. The effects of LRRK2 kinase activity on chemotaxis were examined using the LRRK2 kinase inhibitor MLi-2. RESULTS fMLP-induced chemotactic activity was reduced in Lrrk2 knockout neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. Lrrk2 knockdown in dHL-60 cells expressing Lrrk2 shRNA also reduced fMLP-induced chemotactic activity. Lrrk2 knockdown dHL-60 cells showed reduced OXPHOS activity and suppressed mitochondrial morphological change, similar to Mfn2 knockdown dHL-60 cells. The amount of LRRK2 in the mitochondrial fraction and the GTP-binding activity of MFN2 increased upon fMLP stimulation, and the MFN2 GTP-binding activity was suppressed in Lrrk2 knockdown dHL-60 cells. Furthermore, the kinase activity of LRRK2 and Ser935 phosphorylation of LRRK2 were reduced upon fMLP stimulation, and LRRK2 kinase inhibition by MLi-2 increased the migration to fMLP. CONCLUSIONS LRRK2 is involved in neutrophil chemotaxis and the GTP-binding activity of MFN2 upon fMLP stimulation. On the other hand, the kinase activity of LRRK2 shows a negative regulatory effect on fMLP-induced chemotactic activity in dHL-60 cells. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Mazaki
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Haruka Handa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshizuki Fumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horinouchi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Onodera
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (GCB), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Cheng J, Wu BT, Liu HP, Lin WY. Tyrosine Metabolism Pathway Is Downregulated in Dopaminergic Neurons with LRRK2 Overexpression in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15587. [PMID: 37958569 PMCID: PMC10650192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
LRRK2 mutations are the leading cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and are a significant risk factor for idiopathic PD cases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in LRRK2 PD patients remain unclear. To determine the translatomic impact of LRRK2 expression in DA neurons, we employed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to analyze a translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) RNA-seq dataset from a DA-neuron-specific-expressing Drosophila model. We found that the tyrosine metabolism pathway, including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), is downregulated in DA neurons with LRRK2 overexpression; in contrast, the Hippo signaling pathway is downregulated in the G2019S mutant compared to wild-type LRRK2 in the DA neurons. These results imply that the downregulation of tyrosine metabolism occurs before pronounced DA neuron loss and that LRRK2 may downregulate the tyrosine metabolism in a DA-neuron-loss-independent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Tsang Wu
- Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40343, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Jeong EH, Lee JY, Han SK, Song YS. Motor subtypes and clinical characteristics in sporadic and genetic Parkinson's disease groups: analysis of the PPMI cohort. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1276251. [PMID: 37954645 PMCID: PMC10634614 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1276251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The extensive clinical variations observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) pose challenges in early diagnosis and treatment initiation. However, genetic research in PD has significantly transformed the clinical approach to its treatment. Moreover, researchers have adopted a subtyping strategy based on homogeneous clinical symptoms to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment approaches. We conducted a study to explore clinical characteristics in genetic PD groups with motor symptom subtyping. Methods Data was driven from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. The sporadic PD (sPD) group and the genetic PD group including patients with leucine-rich kinase 2 (LRRK2) or glucosylceramidase β (GBA) mutations were analyzed. Motor subtyping was performed using Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS) scores. I-123 FP-CIT SPECT scans were used to calculate specific binding ratios (SBRs) in the caudate and putamen. Clinical symptoms of each group were also compared. Results MDS-UPDRS III scores were lower in the LRRK2 group, compared with the GBA and sPD group (P < 0.001), but no significant differences in striatal SBRs. The putaminal SBR value of the LRRK2 group was higher than the sPD group (P < 0.05). Within the GBA group, we observed lower SBR values in the postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype GBA group compared to the tremor-dominant (TD) subtype GBA group (P < 0.05). The TD subtype GBA group exhibited superior putaminal SBRs compared to the TD subtype sPD group (P < 0.05). The TD subtype LRRK2 group had better putaminal SBR values (P < 0.001) and MDS-UPDRS Part III scores (P < 0.05) compared to the TD sPD group. Discussions Our subtyping approach offers valuable insights into the clinical characteristics and progression of different genetic PD subtypes. To further validate and expand these findings, future research with larger groups and long-term follow-up data is needed. The subtyping strategy based on motor symptoms holds promise in enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of genetic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Bondar VV, Davis OB, Maloney MT, Agam M, Chin MY, Cheuk-Nga Ho A, Ghosh R, Leto DE, Joy D, Calvert MEK, Lewcock JW, Di Paolo G, Thorne RG, Sweeney ZK, Henry AG. Rab12 is a regulator of LRRK2 and its activation by damaged lysosomes. eLife 2023; 12:e87255. [PMID: 37874617 PMCID: PMC10708889 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) variants associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Crohn's disease lead to increased phosphorylation of its Rab substrates. While it has been recently shown that perturbations in cellular homeostasis including lysosomal damage can increase LRRK2 activity and localization to lysosomes, the molecular mechanisms by which LRRK2 activity is regulated have remained poorly defined. We performed a targeted siRNA screen to identify regulators of LRRK2 activity and identified Rab12 as a novel modulator of LRRK2-dependent phosphorylation of one of its substrates, Rab10. Using a combination of imaging and immunopurification methods to isolate lysosomes, we demonstrated that Rab12 is actively recruited to damaged lysosomes and leads to a local and LRRK2-dependent increase in Rab10 phosphorylation. PD-linked variants, including LRRK2 R1441G and VPS35 D620N, lead to increased recruitment of LRRK2 to the lysosome and a local elevation in lysosomal levels of pT73 Rab10. Together, these data suggest a conserved mechanism by which Rab12, in response to damage or expression of PD-associated variants, facilitates the recruitment of LRRK2 and phosphorylation of its Rab substrate(s) at the lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Denali TherapeuticsSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Maayan Agam
- Denali TherapeuticsSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Dara E Leto
- Denali TherapeuticsSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - David Joy
- Denali TherapeuticsSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Robert G Thorne
- Denali TherapeuticsSouth San FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
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Wang X, Espadas J, Wu Y, Cai S, Ge J, Shao L, Roux A, De Camilli P. Membrane remodeling properties of the Parkinson's disease protein LRRK2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309698120. [PMID: 37844218 PMCID: PMC10614619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309698120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are responsible for late-onset autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 has been implicated in a wide range of physiological processes including membrane repair in the endolysosomal system. Here, using cell-free systems, we report that purified LRRK2 directly binds acidic lipid bilayers with a preference for highly curved bilayers. While this binding is nucleotide independent, LRRK2 can also deform low-curvature liposomes into narrow tubules in a guanylnucleotide-dependent but Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-independent way. Moreover, assembly of LRRK2 into scaffolds at the surface of lipid tubules can constrict them. We suggest that an interplay between the membrane remodeling and signaling properties of LRRK2 may be key to its physiological function. LRRK2, via its kinase activity, may achieve its signaling role at sites where membrane remodeling occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Javier Espadas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, GenevaCH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Shujun Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Jinghua Ge
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, GenevaCH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
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Dhekne HS, Tonelli F, Yeshaw WM, Chiang CY, Limouse C, Jaimon E, Purlyte E, Alessi DR, Pfeffer SR. Genome-wide screen reveals Rab12 GTPase as a critical activator of Parkinson's disease-linked LRRK2 kinase. eLife 2023; 12:e87098. [PMID: 37874635 PMCID: PMC10708890 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases, particularly Rab10 and Rab8A, and we showed previously that these phosphoRabs play an important role in LRRK2 membrane recruitment and activation (Vides et al., 2022). To learn more about LRRK2 pathway regulation, we carried out an unbiased, CRISPR-based genome-wide screen to identify modifiers of cellular phosphoRab10 levels. A flow cytometry assay was developed to detect changes in phosphoRab10 levels in pools of mouse NIH-3T3 cells harboring unique CRISPR guide sequences. Multiple negative and positive regulators were identified; surprisingly, knockout of the Rab12 gene was especially effective in decreasing phosphoRab10 levels in multiple cell types and knockout mouse tissues. Rab-driven increases in phosphoRab10 were specific for Rab12, LRRK2-dependent and PPM1H phosphatase-reversible, and did not require Rab12 phosphorylation; they were seen with wild type and pathogenic G2019S and R1441C LRRK2. As expected for a protein that regulates LRRK2 activity, Rab12 also influenced primary cilia formation. AlphaFold modeling revealed a novel Rab12 binding site in the LRRK2 Armadillo domain, and we show that residues predicted to be essential for Rab12 interaction at this site influence phosphoRab10 and phosphoRab12 levels in a manner distinct from Rab29 activation of LRRK2. Our data show that Rab12 binding to a new site in the LRRK2 Armadillo domain activates LRRK2 kinase for Rab phosphorylation and could serve as a new therapeutic target for a novel class of LRRK2 inhibitors that do not target the kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herschel S Dhekne
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkStanfordUnited States
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkStanfordUnited States
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Wondwossen M Yeshaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkStanfordUnited States
| | - Claire Y Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkStanfordUnited States
| | - Charles Limouse
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Ebsy Jaimon
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkStanfordUnited States
| | - Elena Purlyte
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Dario R Alessi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkStanfordUnited States
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Suzanne R Pfeffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkStanfordUnited States
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