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Rowlands J, Moore DJ. VPS35 and retromer dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220384. [PMID: 38368930 PMCID: PMC10874700 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene encodes a core component of the retromer complex essential for the endosomal sorting and recycling of transmembrane cargo. Endo-lysosomal pathway deficits are suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in VPS35 cause a late-onset, autosomal dominant form of PD, with a single missense mutation (D620N) shown to segregate with disease in PD families. Understanding how the PD-linked D620N mutation causes retromer dysfunction will provide valuable insight into the pathophysiology of PD and may advance the identification of therapeutics. D620N VPS35 can induce LRRK2 hyperactivation and impair endosomal recruitment of the WASH complex but is also linked to mitochondrial and autophagy-lysosomal pathway dysfunction and altered neurotransmitter receptor transport. The clinical similarities between VPS35-linked PD and sporadic PD suggest that defects observed in cellular and animal models with the D620N VPS35 mutation may provide valuable insights into sporadic disease. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge surrounding VPS35 and its role in retromer dysfunction in PD. We provide a critical discussion of the mechanisms implicated in VPS35-mediated neurodegeneration in PD, as well as the interplay between VPS35 and other PD-linked gene products. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rowlands
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Darren J. Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Alessi DR, Cullen PJ, Cookson M, Merchant KM, Small SA. Retromer-dependent lysosomal stress in Parkinson's disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220376. [PMID: 38368937 PMCID: PMC10874697 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
While causative mutations in complex disorders are rare, they can be used to extract a biological pathway whose pathogenicity can generalize to common forms of the disease. Here we begin by relying on the biological consequences of mutations in LRRK2 and VPS35, genetic causes of autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease, to hypothesize that 'Retromer-dependent lysosomal stress' represents a pathway that can generalize to idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Next, we outline a series of studies that can test this hypothesis, including the development of biomarkers of pathway dysfunction. If validated, the hypothesis can suggest a unified mechanism of disease and might inform future diagnostic and therapeutic investigations. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario R. Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Peter J. Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Mark Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kalpana M. Merchant
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Scott A. Small
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Shiraishi T, Bono K, Hiraki H, Manome Y, Oka H, Iguchi Y, Okano HJ. The impact of VPS35 D620N mutation on alternative autophagy and its reversal by estrogen in Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:103. [PMID: 38409392 PMCID: PMC10896810 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
VPS35 plays a key role in neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). Many genetic studies have shown a close relationship between autophagy and PD pathophysiology, and specifically, the PD-causing D620N mutation in VPS35 has been shown to impair autophagy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal cell death and impaired autophagy in PD are debated. Notably, increasing evidence suggests that Rab9-dependent "alternative" autophagy, which is driven by a different molecular mechanism that driving ATG5-dependent "conventional" autophagy, also contributes to neurodegenerative process. In this study, we investigated the relationship between alternative autophagy and VPS35 D620N mutant-related PD pathogenesis. We isolated iPSCs from the blood mononuclear cell population of two PD patients carrying the VPS35 D620N mutant. In addition, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate SH-SY5Y cells carrying the D620N variant of VPS35. We first revealed that the number of autophagic vacuoles was significantly decreased in ATG5-knockout Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast or ATG5-knockdown patient-derived dopaminergic neurons carrying the VPS35 D620N mutant compared with that of the wild type VPS35 control cells. Furthermore, estrogen, which activates alternative autophagy pathways, increased the number of autophagic vacuoles in ATG5-knockdown VPS35 D620N mutant dopaminergic neurons. Estrogen induces Rab9 phosphorylation, mediated through Ulk1 phosphorylation, ultimately regulating alternative autophagy. Moreover, estrogen reduced the apoptosis rate of VPS35 D620N neurons, and this effect of estrogen was diminished under alternative autophagy knockdown conditions. In conclusion, alternative autophagy might be important for maintaining neuronal homeostasis and may be associated with the neuroprotective effect of estrogen in PD with VPS35 D620N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Shiraishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 1058461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Keiko Bono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 1058461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hiraki
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Yoko Manome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 1058461, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Oka
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 105‑8461, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3‑25‑8 Nishi‑Shinbashi, Minato‑ku, Tokyo, 1058461, Japan.
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McCarron KR, Elcocks H, Mortiboys H, Urbé S, Clague MJ. The Parkinson's disease related mutant VPS35 (D620N) amplifies the LRRK2 response to endolysosomal stress. Biochem J 2024; 481:265-278. [PMID: 38299383 PMCID: PMC10903469 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The identification of multiple genes linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) invites the question as to how they may co-operate. We have generated isogenic cell lines that inducibly express either wild-type or a mutant form of the retromer component VPS35 (D620N), which has been linked to PD. This has enabled us to test proposed effects of this mutation in a setting where the relative expression reflects the physiological occurrence. We confirm that this mutation compromises VPS35 association with the WASH complex, but find no defect in WASH recruitment to endosomes, nor in the distribution of lysosomal receptors, cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor and Sortilin. We show VPS35 (D620N) enhances the activity of the Parkinson's associated kinase LRRK2 towards RAB12 under basal conditions. Furthermore, VPS35 (D620N) amplifies the LRRK2 response to endolysosomal stress resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of RABs 10 and 12. By comparing different types of endolysosomal stresses such as the ionophore nigericin and the membranolytic agent l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester, we are able to dissociate phospho-RAB accumulation from membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy R. McCarron
- Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Hannah Elcocks
- Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, U.K
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Michael J. Clague
- Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
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Carosi JM, Hein LK, Sandow JJ, Dang LVP, Hattersley K, Denton D, Kumar S, Sargeant TJ. Autophagy captures the retromer-TBC1D5 complex to inhibit receptor recycling. Autophagy 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37938196 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2281126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Retromer prevents the destruction of numerous receptors by recycling them from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane. This enables retromer to fine-tune the activity of many signaling pathways in parallel. However, the mechanism(s) by which retromer function adapts to environmental fluctuations such as nutrient withdrawal and how this affects the fate of its cargoes remains incompletely understood. Here, we reveal that macroautophagy/autophagy inhibition by MTORC1 controls the abundance of retromer+ endosomes under nutrient-replete conditions. Autophagy activation by chemical inhibition of MTOR or nutrient withdrawal does not affect retromer assembly or its interaction with the RAB7 GAP protein TBC1D5, but rather targets these endosomes for bulk destruction following their capture by phagophores. This process appears to be distinct from amphisome formation. TBC1D5 and its ability to bind to retromer, but not its C-terminal LC3-interacting region (LIR) or nutrient-regulated dephosphorylation, is critical for retromer to be captured by autophagosomes following MTOR inhibition. Consequently, endosomal recycling of its cargoes to the plasma membrane and trans-Golgi network is impaired, leading to their lysosomal turnover. These findings demonstrate a mechanistic link connecting nutrient abundance to receptor homeostasis.Abbreviations: AMPK, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid beta precursor protein; ATG, autophagy related; BafA, bafilomycin A1; CQ, chloroquine; DMEM, Dulbecco's minimum essential medium; DPBS, Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline; EBSS, Earle's balanced salt solution; FBS, fetal bovine serum; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; LIR, LC3-interacting region; LANDO, LC3-associated endocytosis; LP, leupeptin and pepstatin; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1, MTOR complex 1; nutrient stress, withdrawal of amino acids and serum; PDZ, DLG4/PSD95, DLG1, and TJP1/zo-1; RPS6, ribosomal protein S6; RPS6KB1/S6K1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SLC2A1/GLUT1, solute carrier family 2 member 1; SORL1, sortillin related receptor 1; SORT1, sortillin 1; SNX, sorting nexin; TBC1D5, TBC1 domain family member 5; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WASH, WASH complex subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Carosi
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leanne K Hein
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Current Address: IonOpticks, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Linh V P Dang
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kathryn Hattersley
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Fang P, Zhang H, Cheng T, Ding T, Xia S, Xiao W, Li Z, Xiao S, Fang L. Porcine deltacoronavirus accessory protein NS6 harnesses VPS35-mediated retrograde trafficking to facilitate efficient viral infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0095723. [PMID: 37815351 PMCID: PMC10617406 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00957-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Retrograde transport has been reported to be closely associated with normal cellular biological processes and viral replication. As an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus with zoonotic potential, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has attracted considerable attention. However, whether retrograde transport is associated with PDCoV infection remains unclear. Our present study demonstrates that retromer protein VPS35 acts as a critical host factor that is required for PDCoV infection. Mechanically, VPS35 interacts with PDCoV NS6, mediating the retrograde transport of NS6 from endosomes to the Golgi and preventing it from lysosomal degradation. Recombinant PDCoVs with an NS6 deletion display resistance to VPS35 deficiency. Our work reveals a novel evasion mechanism of PDCoV that involves the manipulation of the retrograde transport pathway by VPS35, providing new insight into the mechanism of PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxian Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huichang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - SiJin Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenwen Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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Eleuteri S, Fang TSZ, Cutillo G, Persico M, Simon DK. Retromer stabilization using a pharmacological chaperone protects in an α-synuclein based mouse model of Parkinson's. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3417076. [PMID: 37886523 PMCID: PMC10602148 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3417076/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background In the present study we assessed the protective effects of a pharmacological approach to stabilize the retromer complex in a PD mouse model. Missense mutations in the VPS35 gene are a rare cause of familial PD. The VPS35 protein is a subunit of the retromer cargo recognition complex and has a variety of functions within neurons, many of which are potentially relevant for the pathophysiology of PD. Prior studies have revealed a role for the retromer complex in controlling accumulation and clearance of α-synuclein aggregates. We previously identified an aminoguanidine hydrazone, 1,3 phenyl bis guanylhydrazone (compound 2a), as a pharmacological stabilizer of the retromer complex that increases retromer subunit protein levels and function. Methods Here, we validate the efficacy of 2a in protecting against αSynuclein pathology and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in a PD mouse model generated by unilateral injection of AAV-A53T-αSynuclein in the substantia nigra. Results Daily intraperitoneal administration of 2a at 10 mg/Kg for 100 days led to robust protection against behavioral deficits, dopaminergic neuronal loss and loss of striatal dopaminergic fibers and striatal monoamines. Treatment with 2a activated αSynuclein degradation pathways in the SN and led to significant reductions in aggregates and pathological αSynuclein. Conclusion These data suggest retromer stabilization as a promising therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease leading to neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons and rescue in the accumulation of pathological and aggregates αSynuclein. We identified 2a compound as potential clinical drug candidate for future testing in Parkinson's disease patients.
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Ayoubi R, Fotouhi M, Southern K, McPherson PS, Laflamme C. Identification of high-performing antibodies for Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (h VPS35) for use in Western Blot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. F1000Res 2023; 12:452. [PMID: 38434631 PMCID: PMC10905012 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.133696.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 is a subunit of the retromer complex, a vital constituent of the endosomal protein sorting pathway. The D620N mutation in the VPS35 gene has been reported to be linked to type 17 Parkinson's Disease progression, the exact molecular mechanism remains to be solved. The scientific community would benefit from the accessibility of validated and high-quality anti-hVPS35 antibodies. In this study, we characterized thirteen hVPS35 commercial antibodies for Western Blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls. We identified many high-performing antibodies and encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibody for their specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Ayoubi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Maryam Fotouhi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Kathleen Southern
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter S. McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carl Laflamme
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - ABIF consortium
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
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Buck TM, Quinn PMJ, Pellissier LP, Mulder AA, Jongejan A, Lu X, Boon N, Koot D, Almushattat H, Arendzen CH, Vos RM, Bradley EJ, Freund C, Mikkers HMM, Boon CJF, Moerland PD, Baas F, Koster AJ, Neefjes J, Berlin I, Jost CR, Wijnholds J. CRB1 is required for recycling by RAB11A+ vesicles in human retinal organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1793-1810. [PMID: 37541258 PMCID: PMC10545476 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CRB1 gene mutations can cause early- or late-onset retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, or maculopathy. Recapitulating human CRB1 phenotypes in animal models has proven challenging, necessitating the development of alternatives. We generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids of patients with retinitis pigmentosa caused by biallelic CRB1 mutations and evaluated them against autologous gene-corrected hiPSCs and hiPSCs from healthy individuals. Patient organoids show decreased levels of CRB1 and NOTCH1 expression at the retinal outer limiting membrane. Proximity ligation assays show that human CRB1 and NOTCH1 can interact via their extracellular domains. CRB1 patient organoids feature increased levels of WDFY1+ vesicles, fewer RAB11A+ recycling endosomes, decreased VPS35 retromer complex components, and more degradative endolysosomal compartments relative to isogenic control organoids. Taken together, our data demonstrate that patient-derived retinal organoids enable modeling of retinal degeneration and highlight the importance of CRB1 in early endosome maturation receptor recycling in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo M Buck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M J Quinn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Lucie P Pellissier
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Xuefei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Nanda Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Koot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Hind Almushattat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rogier M Vos
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Edward J Bradley
- Department of Genome Analysis, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Freund
- Leiden University Medical Center hiPSC Hotel, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Harald M M Mikkers
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center hiPSC Hotel, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1000 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics/LDGA, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Ilana Berlin
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina R Jost
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands.
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10
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Chen X, Tsika E, Levine N, Moore DJ. VPS35 and α-Synuclein fail to interact to modulate neurodegeneration in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:51. [PMID: 37542299 PMCID: PMC10403858 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene cause late-onset, autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), with a single missense mutation (Asp620Asn, D620N) known to segregate with disease in families with PD. The VPS35 gene encodes a core component of the retromer complex, involved in the endosomal sorting and recycling of transmembrane cargo proteins. VPS35-linked PD is clinically indistinguishable from sporadic PD, although it is not yet known whether VPS35-PD brains exhibit α-synuclein-positive brainstem Lewy pathology that is characteristic of sporadic cases. Prior studies have suggested a functional interaction between VPS35 and the PD-linked gene product α-synuclein in lower organisms, where VPS35 deletion enhances α-synuclein-induced toxicity. In mice, VPS35 overexpression is reported to rescue hippocampal neuronal loss in human α-synuclein transgenic mice, potentially suggesting a retromer deficiency in these mice. METHODS Here, we employ multiple well-established genetic rodent models to explore a functional or pathological interaction between VPS35 and α-synuclein in vivo. RESULTS We find that endogenous α-synuclein is dispensable for nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by the viral-mediated delivery of human D620N VPS35 in mice, suggesting that α-synuclein does not operate downstream of VPS35. We next evaluated retromer levels in affected brain regions from human A53T-α-synuclein transgenic mice, but find normal levels of the core subunits VPS35, VPS26 or VPS29. We further find that heterozygous VPS35 deletion fails to alter the lethal neurodegenerative phenotype of these A53T-α-synuclein transgenic mice, suggesting the absence of retromer deficiency in this PD model. Finally, we explored the neuroprotective capacity of increasing VPS35 expression in a viral-based human wild-type α-synuclein rat model of PD. However, we find that the overexpression of wild-type VPS35 is not sufficient for protection against α-synuclein-induced nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration, α-synuclein pathology and reactive gliosis. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggest a limited interaction of VPS35 and α-synuclein in neurodegenerative models of PD, and do not provide support for their interaction within a common pathophysiological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Elpida Tsika
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Vaud, 1015, Switzerland
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Levine
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Darren J Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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11
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Carosi JM, Denton D, Kumar S, Sargeant TJ. Receptor Recycling by Retromer. Mol Cell Biol 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37350516 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2222053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved retromer complex controls the fate of hundreds of receptors that pass through the endolysosomal system and is a central regulatory node for diverse metabolic programs. More than 20 years ago, retromer was discovered as an essential regulator of endosome-to-Golgi transport in yeast; since then, significant progress has been made to characterize how metazoan retromer components assemble to enable its engagement with endosomal membranes, where it sorts cargo receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane through recognition of sorting motifs in their cytoplasmic tails. In this review, we examine retromer regulation by exploring its assembled structure with an emphasis on how a range of adaptor proteins shape the process of receptor trafficking. Specifically, we focus on how retromer is recruited to endosomes, selects cargoes, and generates tubulovesicular carriers that deliver cargoes to target membranes. We also examine how cells adapt to distinct metabolic states by coordinating retromer expression and function. We contrast similarities and differences between retromer and its related complexes: retriever and commander/CCC, as well as their interplay in receptor trafficking. We elucidate how loss of retromer regulation is central to the pathology of various neurogenerative and metabolic diseases, as well as microbial infections, and highlight both opportunities and cautions for therapeutics that target retromer. Finally, with a focus on understanding the mechanisms that govern retromer regulation, we outline new directions for the field moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Carosi
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Dostál V, Humhalová T, Beránková P, Pácalt O, Libusová L. SWIP mediates retromer-independent membrane recruitment of the WASH complex. Traffic 2023; 24:216-230. [PMID: 36995008 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The pentameric WASH complex facilitates endosomal protein sorting by activating Arp2/3, which in turn leads to the formation of F-actin patches specifically on the endosomal surface. It is generally accepted that WASH complex attaches to the endosomal membrane via the interaction of its subunit FAM21 with the retromer subunit VPS35. However, we observe the WASH complex and F-actin present on endosomes even in the absence of VPS35. We show that the WASH complex binds to the endosomal surface in both a retromer-dependent and a retromer-independent manner. The retromer-independent membrane anchor is directly mediated by the subunit SWIP. Furthermore, SWIP can interact with a number of phosphoinositide species. Of those, our data suggest that the interaction with phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2 ) is crucial to the endosomal binding of SWIP. Overall, this study reveals a new role of the WASH complex subunit SWIP and highlights the WASH complex as an independent, self-sufficient trafficking regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Dostál
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Humhalová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Beránková
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Pácalt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Libusová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Gai Y, Qian L, Jiang S, Li J, Zhang X, Yang X, Pan H, Liao Y, Wang H, Huang S, Zhang S, Nie H, Ma M, Li H. Vacuolar protein sorting 35 ( VPS35) acts as a tumor promoter via facilitating cell cycle progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:90. [PMID: 36933061 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is insidious and highly malignant with extremely poor prognosis and drug resistance to current chemotherapies. Therefore, there is a critical need to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying PDAC progression to develop promising diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In parallel, vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins, involved in the sorting, transportation, and localization of membrane proteins, have gradually attracted the attention of researchers in the development of cancers. Although VPS35 has been reported to promote carcinoma progression, the specific molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, we determined the impact of VPS35 on the tumorigenesis of PDAC and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. We performed a pan-cancer analysis of 46 VPS genes using RNAseq data from GTEx (control) and TCGA (tumor) and predicted potential functions of VPS35 in PDAC by enrichment analysis. Furthermore, cell cloning experiments, gene knockout, cell cycle analysis, immunohistochemistry, and other molecular and biochemical experiments were used to validate the function of VPS35. Consequently, VPS35 was found overexpressed in multiple cancers and correlated with the poor prognosis of PDAC. Meanwhile, we verified that VPS35 could modulate the cell cycle and promote tumor cell growth in PDAC. Collectively, we provide solid evidence that VPS35 facilitates the cell cycle progression as a critical novel target in PDAC clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Liheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingna Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingze Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Yu J, Feng H, Sang Q, Li F, Chen M, Yu B, Xu Z, Pan T, Wu X, Hou J, Zhu Z, Yan C, Su L, Li J, Liu B. VPS35 promotes cell proliferation via EGFR recycling and enhances EGFR inhibitors response in gastric cancer. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104451. [PMID: 36738481 PMCID: PMC9931929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35) is a core component of the retromer complex which mediates intracellular protein transport. It is well known that dysfunctional VPS35 functions in the accumulation of pathogenic proteins. In our previous study, VPS35 was found to be a potential gene related to poor prognosis in gastric cancer. However, the biological functions of VPS35 in gastric cancer remain unclear. METHODS Cell viability assays were performed to examine whether VPS35 affected cell proliferation. Immunoprecipitation and biotin assays showed that VPS35 bound to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the cytoplasm and recycled it to the cell surface. Patient-derived xenografts and organoids were used to evaluate the effect of VPS35 on the response of gastric cancer to EGFR inhibitors. FINDINGS VPS35 expression levels were upregulated in tumour tissues and correlated with local tumour invasion and poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. VPS35 promoted cell proliferation and increased tumour growth. Mechanistically, VPS35 selectively bound to endocytosed EGFR in early endosomes and recycled it back to the cell surface, leading to the downstream activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. We also found that high VPS35 expression levels increased the sensitivity of the xenograft and organoid models to EGFR inhibitors. INTERPRETATION VPS35 promotes cell proliferation by recycling EGFR to the cell surface, amplifying the network of receptor trafficking. VPS35 expression levels are positively correlated with gastric cancer sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors, which offers a potential method to stratify patients for EGFR inhibitor utilisation. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Sang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Mamais A, Wallings R, Rocha EM. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Lysosomal dysfunction in the endolysosomal Parkinson's disease subtype. Handb Clin Neurol 2023; 193:33-51. [PMID: 36803821 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) remains one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. It has become increasingly recognized that PD is not one disease but a constellation of many, with distinct cellular mechanisms driving pathology and neuronal loss in each given subtype. Endolysosomal trafficking and lysosomal degradation are crucial to maintain neuronal homeostasis and vesicular trafficking. It is clear that deficits in endolysosomal signaling data support the existence of an endolysosomal PD subtype. This chapter describes how cellular pathways involved in endolysosomal vesicular trafficking and lysosomal degradation in neurons and immune cells can contribute to PD. Last, as inflammatory processes including phagocytosis and cytokine release are central in glia-neuron interactions, a spotlight on the role of neuroinflammation plays in the pathogenesis of this PD subtype is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantios Mamais
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebecca Wallings
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Emily M Rocha
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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16
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Hegazy M, Koetsier JL, Huffine AL, Broussard JA, Godsel BM, Cohen-Barak E, Sprecher E, Wolfgeher DJ, Kron SJ, Godsel LM, Green KJ. Epidermal stratification requires retromer-mediated desmoglein-1 recycling. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2683-2698.e8. [PMID: 36495876 PMCID: PMC9973369 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sorting transmembrane cargo is essential for tissue development and homeostasis. However, mechanisms of intracellular trafficking in stratified epidermis are poorly understood. Here, we identify an interaction between the retromer endosomal trafficking component, VPS35, and the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein-1 (Dsg1). Dsg1 is specifically expressed in stratified epidermis and, when properly localized on the plasma membrane of basal keratinocytes, promotes stratification. We show that the retromer drives Dsg1 recycling from the endo-lysosomal system to the plasma membrane to support human keratinocyte stratification. The retromer-enhancing chaperone, R55, promotes the membrane localization of Dsg1 and a trafficking-deficient mutant associated with a severe inflammatory skin disorder, enhancing its ability to promote stratification. In the absence of Dsg1, retromer association with and expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 increases, exposing a potential link between Dsg1 deficiency and epidermal metabolism. Our work provides evidence for retromer function in epidermal regeneration, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marihan Hegazy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amber L Huffine
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brendan M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eran Cohen-Barak
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Donald J Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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17
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Bose A, Petsko GA, Studer L. Induced pluripotent stem cells: a tool for modeling Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:608-620. [PMID: 35667922 PMCID: PMC9576003 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Among its pathologies, progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra is characteristic and contributes to many of the most severe symptoms of PD. Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have made it possible to generate patient-derived DA neuronal cell culture and organoid models of PD. These models have contributed to understanding disease mechanisms and the identification of novel targets and therapeutic candidates. Still needed are better ways to model the age-related aspects of PD, as well as a deeper understanding of the interactions among disease-modifying genes and between genetic and environmental contributions to the etiology and progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bose
- Ann Romney Institute of Neurological Diseases, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gregory A Petsko
- Ann Romney Institute of Neurological Diseases, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Williams ET, Chen X, Otero PA, Moore DJ. Understanding the contributions of VPS35 and the retromer in neurodegenerative disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105768. [PMID: 35588987 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations of the endolysosomal pathway have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, VPS35 and the retromer complex play an important role in the endolysosomal system and are implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases. A single missense mutation in VPS35, Asp620Asn (D620N), is known to cause late-onset, autosomal dominant familial PD. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of the PD-linked D620N mutation in causing retromer dysfunction and dissect its implications in neurodegeneration. Additionally, we will discuss how VPS35 and the retromer are linked to AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and primary tauopathies. Interestingly, reduced levels of VPS35 and other retromer components have been observed in post-mortem brain tissue, suggesting a role for the retromer in the pathophysiology of these diseases. This review will provide a comprehensive dive into the mechanisms of VPS35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we will highlight outstanding questions in the field and the retromer as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease at large.
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19
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Xie S, Dierlam C, Smith E, Duran R, Williams A, Davis A, Mathew D, Naslavsky N, Iyer J, Caplan S. The retromer complex regulates C. elegans development and mammalian ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259396. [PMID: 35510502 PMCID: PMC9189432 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retromer consists of subunits VPS26 (either VPS26A or VPS26B), VPS29 and VPS35, and a loosely associated sorting nexin (SNX) heterodimer or a variety of other SNX proteins. Despite involvement in yeast and mammalian cell trafficking, the role of retromer in development is poorly understood, and its impact on primary ciliogenesis remains unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, we demonstrate that vps-26-knockout worms have reduced brood sizes, impaired vulval development and decreased body length, all of which have been linked to ciliogenesis defects. Although preliminary studies did not identify worm ciliary defects, and impaired development limited additional ciliogenesis studies, we turned to mammalian cells to investigate the role of retromer in ciliogenesis. VPS35 localized to the primary cilium of mammalian cells, and depletion of VPS26, VPS35, VPS29, SNX1, SNX2, SNX5 or SNX27 led to decreased ciliogenesis. Retromer also coimmunoprecipitated with the centriolar protein, CP110 (also known as CCP110), and was required for its removal from the mother centriole. Herein, we characterize new roles for retromer in C. elegans development and in the regulation of ciliogenesis in mammalian cells, suggesting a novel role for retromer in CP110 removal from the mother centriole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Carter Dierlam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Ellie Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Ramon Duran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Allana Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Angelina Davis
- School of Science and Mathematics, Tulsa Community College, Tulsa, OK 74115, USA
| | - Danita Mathew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jyoti Iyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Ren X, Yao L, Wang Y, Mei L, Xiong WC. Microglial VPS35 deficiency impairs Aβ phagocytosis and Aβ-induced disease-associated microglia, and enhances Aβ associated pathology. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 35236374 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vacuolar sorting protein 35 (VPS35), a key component of the retromer, plays an essential role in selectively retrieval of transmembrane proteins from endosomes to trans-Golgi networks. Dysfunctional retromer is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglial VPS35 deficiency is found in AD patients’ brain; however, it remains unclear if and how microglial VPS35-loss contributes to AD development. Methods We used mice with VPS35 cKO (conditional knockout) in microglial cells in 5XFAD, an AD mouse model. The AD related brain pathology (Aβ and glial activation), behavior, and phagocytosis of Aβ were accessed by a combination of immunofluorescence staining analyses and neurological behavior tests. Results A decrease in learning and memory function, but increases in insoluble, fibrillar, and plaques of β-amyloids (Aβ), dystrophic neurites, and reactive astrocytes are observed in microglial VPS35 deficient 5XFAD mice. Further examining microglial phenotype demonstrates necessity of microglial VPS35 in disease-associated microglia (DAM) development and microglial uptake of Aβ, revealing a tight association of microglial Aβ uptake with DAM development. Conclusions Together, these results uncovered a mechanism by which microglial VPS35-deficiency precipitates AD pathology in 5XFAD mice likely by impairing DAM development and DAM mediated Aβ uptake and clearance, and thus accelerating the cognition decline. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02422-0.
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Qureshi YH, Berman DE, Marsh SE, Klein RL, Patel VM, Simoes S, Kannan S, Petsko GA, Stevens B, Small SA. The neuronal retromer can regulate both neuronal and microglial phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110262. [PMID: 35045281 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of retromer-dependent endosomal trafficking is considered pathogenic in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, to investigate this disruption in the intact brain, we turn to a genetic mouse model where the retromer core protein VPS35 is depleted in hippocampal neurons, and then we replete VPS35 using an optimized viral vector protocol. The VPS35 depletion-repletion studies strengthen the causal link between the neuronal retromer and AD-associated neuronal phenotypes, including the acceleration of amyloid precursor protein cleavage and the loss of synaptic glutamate receptors. Moreover, the studies show that the neuronal retromer can regulate a distinct, dystrophic, microglia morphology, phenotypic of hippocampal microglia in AD. Finally, the neuronal and, in part, the microglia responses to VPS35 depletion were found to occur independent of tau. Showing that the neuronal retromer can regulate AD-associated pathologies in two of AD's principal cell types strengthens the link, and clarifies the mechanism, between endosomal trafficking and late-onset sporadic AD.
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22
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Wen YF, Xiao XW, Zhou L, Jiang YL, Zhu Y, Guo LN, Wang X, Liu H, Zhou YF, Wang JL, Liao XX, Shen L, Jiao B. Mutations in GBA, SNCA, and VPS35 are not associated with Alzheimer's disease in a Chinese population: a case-control study. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:682-689. [PMID: 34380910 PMCID: PMC8504399 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.321000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SNCA, GBA, and VPS35 are three common genes associated with Parkinson’s disease. Previous studies have shown that these three genes may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether these genes increase the risk of AD in Chinese populations. In this study, we used a targeted gene sequencing panel to screen all the exon regions and the nearby sequences of GBA, SNCA, and VPS35 in a cohort including 721 AD patients and 365 healthy controls from China. The results revealed that neither common variants nor rare variants of these three genes were associated with AD in a Chinese population. These findings suggest that the mutations in GBA, SNCA, and VPS35 are not likely to play an important role in the genetic susceptibility to AD in Chinese populations. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China on March 9, 2016 (approval No. 201603198).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Wen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue-Wen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ya-Ling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ya-Fang Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders; Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders; Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liao
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders; Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders; Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders; Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Sargent D, Cunningham LA, Dues DJ, Ma Y, Kordich JJ, Mercado G, Brundin P, Cowell RM, Moore DJ. Neuronal VPS35 deletion induces spinal cord motor neuron degeneration and early post-natal lethality. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab208. [PMID: 34704029 PMCID: PMC8445400 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the selective degeneration of neuronal populations in different brain regions and frequently the formation of distinct protein aggregates that often overlap between diseases. While the causes of many sporadic neurodegenerative diseases are unclear, genes associated with familial or sporadic forms of disease and the underlying cellular pathways involved tend to support common disease mechanisms. Underscoring this concept, mutations in the Vacuolar Protein Sorting 35 Orthologue (VPS35) gene have been identified to cause late-onset, autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease, whereas reduced VPS35 protein levels are reported in vulnerable brain regions of subjects with Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerative tauopathies such as progressive supranuclear palsy and Pick's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, VPS35 is commonly implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. VPS35 plays a critical role in the retromer complex that mediates the retrieval and recycling of transmembrane protein cargo from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane. VPS35 and retromer function are highly conserved in eukaryotic cells, with the homozygous deletion of VPS35 inducing early embryonic lethality in mice that has hindered an understanding of its role in the brain. Here, we develop conditional knockout mice with the selective deletion of VPS35 in neurons to better elucidate its role in neuronal viability and its connection to neurodegenerative diseases. Surprisingly, the pan-neuronal deletion of VPS35 induces a progressive and rapid disease with motor deficits and early post-natal lethality. Underlying this neurological phenotype is the relatively selective and robust degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Neuronal loss is accompanied and preceded by the formation of p62-positive protein inclusions and robust reactive astrogliosis. Our study reveals a critical yet unappreciated role for VPS35 function in the normal maintenance and survival of motor neurons during post-natal development that has important implications for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Sargent
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Lindsey A Cunningham
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Dylan J Dues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kordich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Gabriela Mercado
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Rita M Cowell
- Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Darren J Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Ma KY, Fokkens MR, Reggiori F, Mari M, Verbeek DS. Parkinson's disease-associated VPS35 mutant reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and impairs PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:19. [PMID: 34127073 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and several genes linked to familial PD, including PINK1 (encoding PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 [PINK1]) and PARK2 (encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin), are directly involved in processes such as mitophagy that maintain mitochondrial health. The dominant p.D620N variant of vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene is also associated with familial PD but has not been functionally connected to PINK1 and PARK2. Methods To better mimic and study the patient situation, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate heterozygous human SH-SY5Y cells carrying the PD-associated D620N variant of VPS35. These cells were treated with a protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) to induce the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which was assessed using biochemical and microscopy approaches. Results Mitochondria in the VPS35-D620N cells exhibited reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and appeared to already be damaged at steady state. As a result, the mitochondria of these cells were desensitized to the CCCP-induced collapse in mitochondrial potential, as they displayed altered fragmentation and were unable to accumulate PINK1 at their surface upon this insult. Consequently, Parkin recruitment to the cell surface was inhibited and initiation of the PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy was impaired. Conclusion Our findings extend the pool of evidence that the p.D620N mutation of VPS35 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and suggest a converging pathogenic mechanism among VPS35, PINK1 and Parkin in PD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-021-00243-4.
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Abe T, Kuwahara T. Targeting of Lysosomal Pathway Genes for Parkinson's Disease Modification: Insights From Cellular and Animal Models. Front Neurol 2021; 12:681369. [PMID: 34194386 PMCID: PMC8236816 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.681369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic studies on hereditary Parkinson's disease (PD) have identified a set of pathogenic gene mutations that have strong impacts on the pathogenicity of PD. In addition, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) targeted to sporadic PD have nominated an increasing number of genetic variants that influence PD susceptibility. Although the clinical and pathological characteristics in hereditary PD are not identical to those in sporadic PD, α-synuclein, and LRRK2 are definitely associated with both types of PD, with LRRK2 mutations being the most frequent cause of autosomal-dominant PD. On the other hand, a significant portion of risk genes identified from GWAS have been associated with lysosomal functions, pointing to a critical role of lysosomes in PD pathogenesis. Experimental studies have suggested that the maintenance or upregulation of lysosomal activity may protect against neuronal dysfunction or degeneration. Here we focus on the roles of representative PD gene products that are implicated in lysosomal pathway, namely LRRK2, VPS35, ATP13A2, and glucocerebrosidase, and provide an overview of their disease-associated functions as well as their cooperative actions in the pathogenesis of PD, based on the evidence from cellular and animal models. We also discuss future perspectives of targeting lysosomal activation as a possible strategy to treat neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Abe
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Li X, Cao Y, Yu X, Jin F, Li Y. A novel autophagy-related genes prognostic risk model and validation of autophagy-related oncogene VPS35 in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:265. [PMID: 34001111 PMCID: PMC8130280 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence implies that autophagy plays a critical role in breast cancer development and progression. It is crucial to screen out autophagy-related encoding genes (ARGs) with prognostic value in breast cancer and reveal their biological properties in the aggressiveness of breast cancer. METHODS Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to identify a prognostic risk model of ARGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to validate the risk model. Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were conducted to assess the expression of VPS35 (one of ARGs in risk model). CCK8, Colony formation assay, Transwell migration/invasion assays and autophagy flux assay were used to confirm biological function of VPS35 in breast cancer. RESULTS In this study, the prognostic risk model consisting of six ARGs (VPS35, TRIM21, PRKAB2, RUFY4, MAP1LC3A and LARP1) in breast cancer were identified. The risk model was further verified as a novel independent prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. We also clarified that vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35), one of ARGs in the risk model, was upregulated in breast cancer samples and cell lines. VPS35 overexpression was correlated with more aggressive phenotype of breast cancer and indicated worse prognosis in both progression-free survival and overall survival analyses. Meanwhile, VPS35 knockdown inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, suggesting that VPS35 promoted the progression of breast cancer. VPS35 silence also influenced autophagy process, indicating that VPS35 was essential for autophagy completion. CONCLUSION Taken together, the six ARGs risk model has a remarkably prognostic value for breast cancer. Among them, VPS35 might exert as a significant oncogenic and prognostic factor for breast cancer and could be a promising autophagy-related therapeutic target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Niu M, Zhao F, Bondelid K, Siedlak SL, Torres S, Fujioka H, Wang W, Liu J, Zhu X. VPS35 D620N knockin mice recapitulate cardinal features of Parkinson's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13347. [PMID: 33745227 PMCID: PMC8135078 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
D620N mutation in the vacuolarproteinsorting35ortholog (VPS35) gene causes late‐onset, autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and contributes to idiopathic PD. However, how D620N mutation leads to PD‐related deficits in vivo remains unclear. In the present study, we thoroughly characterized the biochemical, pathological, and behavioral changes of a VPS35 D620N knockin (KI) mouse model with chronic aging. We reported that this VPS35 D620N KI model recapitulated a spectrum of cardinal features of PD at 14 months of age which included age‐dependent progressive motor deficits, significant changes in the levels of dopamine (DA) and DA metabolites in the striatum, and robust neurodegeneration of the DA neurons in the SNpc and DA terminals in the striatum, accompanied by increased neuroinflammation, and accumulation and aggregation of α‐synuclein in DA neurons. Mechanistically, D620N mutation induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in aged mice likely through enhanced VPS35‐DLP1 interaction and increased turnover of mitochondrial DLP1 complexes in vivo. Finally, the VPS35 D620N KI mice displayed greater susceptibility to MPTP‐mediated degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway, indicating that VPS35 D620N mutation increased vulnerability of DA neurons to environmental toxins. Overall, this VPS35 D620N KI mouse model provides a powerful tool for future disease modeling and pharmacological studies of PD. Our data support the involvement of VPS35 in the development of α‐synuclein pathology in vivo and revealed the important role of mitochondrial fragmentation/dysfunction in the pathogenesis of VPS35 D620N mutation‐associated PD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Niu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Fanpeng Zhao
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Karina Bondelid
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sandra L. Siedlak
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Sandy Torres
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Wenzhang Wang
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
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Guo Y, Chai B, Jia J, Yang M, Li Y, Zhang R, Wang S, Xu J. KLF7/ VPS35 axis contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression through CCDC85C-activated β-catenin pathway. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:73. [PMID: 33858520 PMCID: PMC8048225 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysregulation of KLF7 participates in the development of various cancers, but it is unclear whether there is a link between HCC and aberrant expression of KLF7. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of KLF7 in proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods CCK8, colony growth, transwell, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis detection were performed to explore the effect of KLF7, VPS35 and Ccdc85c on cell function in vitro. Xenografted tumor growth was used to assess in vivo role of KLF7. Chip-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays were applied to check whether KLF7 regulated VPS35 at transcriptional manner. Co-IP assay was performed to detect the interaction between VPS35 and Ccdc85c. Immunohistochemical staining and qRT-PCR analysis were performed in human HCC sampels to study the clinical significance of KLF7, VPS35 and β-catenin. Results Firstly, KLF7 was highly expressed in human HCC samples and correlated with patients’ differentiation and metastasis status. KLF7 overexpression contributed to cell proliferation and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. KLF7 transcriptional activation of VPS35 was necessary for HCC tumor growth and metastasis. Further, co-IP studies revealed that VPS35 could interact with Ccdc85c in HCC cells. Rescue assay confirmed that overexpression of VPS35 and knockdown of Ccdc85c abolished the VPS35-medicated promotion effect on cell proliferation and invasion. Finally, KLF7/VPS35 axis regulated Ccdc85c, which involved in activation of β-catenin signaling pathway, confirmed using β-catenin inhibitor, GK974. Functional studies suggested that downregulation of Ccdc85c partly reversed the capacity of cell proliferation and invasion in HCC cells, which was regulated by VPS35 upregulation. Lastly, there was a positive correlation among KLF7, VPS35 and active-β-catenin in human HCC patients. Conclusion We demonstrated that KLF7/VPS35 axis promoted HCC cell progression by activating Ccdc85c-medicated β-catenin pathway. Targeting this signal axis might be a potential treatment strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bao Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Junmei Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mudan Yang
- Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shunmin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Liu Y, Deng H, Liang L, Zhang G, Xia J, Ding K, Tang N, Wang K. Depletion of VPS35 attenuates metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by restraining the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway. Genes Dis 2021; 8:232-240. [PMID: 33997170 PMCID: PMC8099696 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle Protein Sorting 35 (VPS35) is a novel oncogene that promotes tumor growth through the PI3K/AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of VPS35 in HCC metastasis and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we observed that overexpression of VPS35 enhanced hepatoma cell invasion and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression. Conversely, knockout of VPS35 significantly inhibited hepatoma cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, depletion of VPS35 decreased the lung metastasis of HCC in nude mice. By transcriptome analysis, we determined that VPS35 promoted HCC metastasis by activating the Wnt/non-canonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Mechanistically, VPS35 activated the PCP pathway by regulating membrane sorting and trafficking of Frizzled-2 (FZD2) and ROR1 in hepatoma cells. Collectively, our results indicate that VPS35 promotes HCC metastasis via enhancing the Wnt/PCP signaling, thus providing a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Guiji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Keyue Ding
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
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Ishiguro M, Li Y, Yoshino H, Daida K, Ishiguro Y, Oyama G, Saiki S, Funayama M, Hattori N, Nishioka K. Clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease harboring VPS35 retromer complex component p.D620N with long-term follow-up. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 84:139-43. [PMID: 33611076 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To identify and investigate patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) harboring VPS35 variants in Japan. METHODS Using targeted gene panel screening, we analyzed 393 familial, 294 young-onset, and 52 late-onset sporadic PD patients derived from the Juntendo PD DNA bank, and obtained clinical information from the medical records on each patient in whom we found VPS35 p.D620N variants. RESULTS We identified VPS35 p.D620N in three new patients: two patients with familial PD and one patient with sporadic PD. Additionally, we newly confirmed p.D620 from a patient of a family reported previously. The prevalence of familial PD was 0.7% (2/307), young-onset sporadic PD was 0.3% (1/294), and late-onset sporadic PD was 0% (0/52) in our cohort. Combining four patients with p.D620N from our previous reports, haplotype analysis indicated at least two founders in our cohort. Patients commonly showed a slow progression of parkinsonism with onset in middle or late age and mild parkinsonism with good response to levodopa and little cognitive decline even for more than 10 years of disease duration. Psychosis was occurred in two patients. One-half of patients required device-aided therapies such as deep brain stimulation or levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel. Brain magnetic resonance imaging mostly showed normal findings, even at more than 10 years after onset. 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy indicated normal heart-to-mediastinum ratio values among three of four patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with VPS35 p.D620N showed distinctive symptoms and neuroimaging. Our findings expand the clinical findings of patients with VPS35 variants.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a sporadic and common neurodegenerative movement disorder resulting from the complex interplay between genetic risk, aging and environmental exposure. Familial forms of PD account for ~10% of cases and are known to result from the inheritance of mutations in at least 15 genes. Mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene cause late-onset, autosomal dominant familial PD. VPS35 is a key suunit of the pentameric retromer complex that plays a role in the retrograde sorting and recycling of transmembrane cargo proteins from endosomes to the plasma membrane and trans-Golgi network. A single heterozygous Asp620Asn (D620N) mutation in VPS35 has been identified in multiple families that segregates with PD, and a number of experimental cellular and animal models have been developed to understand its pathogenic effects. At the molecular level, the D620N mutation has been shown to impair the interaction of VPS35 with the WASH complex, that plays an accessory function in retromer-dependent sorting. In addition, the D620N mutation has been linked to the abnormal sorting of retromer cargo, including CI-M6PR, AMPA receptor subunits, MUL1, LAMP2a and ATG9A, as well as to LRRK2 hyperactivation. At the cellular level, data support an impact of D620N VPS35 on mitochondrial function, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, Wnt signaling and neurotransmission via altered endosomal sorting. The relevance of abnormal retromer sorting and cellular pathways to PD-related neurodegenerative phenotypes induced by D620N VPS35 in rodent models is not yet clear. There is also uncertainty regarding the mechanism-of-action of the D620N mutation and whether it manifests pathogenic effects in animal models and PD through a gain-of-function and/or a partial dominant-negative mechanism. Here, we discuss the emerging molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PD induced by familial VPS35 mutations, going from structure to cellular function to neuropathology. We further discuss studies linking reduced retromer function to other neurodegenerative diseases and potential therapeutic strategies to normalize retromer function to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Sargent
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Darren J Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Das S, Maji S, Ruturaj, Bhattacharya I, Saha T, Naskar N, Gupta A. Retromer retrieves the Wilson disease protein ATP7B from endolysosomes in a copper-dependent manner. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246819. [PMID: 33268466 PMCID: PMC7611186 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilson disease protein, ATP7B maintains copper (herein referring to the Cu+ ion) homeostasis in the liver. ATP7B traffics from trans-Golgi network to endolysosomes to export excess copper. Regulation of ATP7B trafficking to and from endolysosomes is not well understood. We investigated the fate of ATP7B after copper export. At high copper levels, ATP7B traffics primarily to acidic, active hydrolase (cathepsin-B)-positive endolysosomes and, upon subsequent copper chelation, returns to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). At high copper, ATP7B colocalizes with endolysosomal markers and with a core member of retromer complex, VPS35. Knocking down VPS35 did not abrogate the copper export function of ATP7B or its copper-responsive anterograde trafficking to vesicles; rather upon subsequent copper chelation, ATP7B failed to relocalize to the TGN, which was rescued by overexpressing wild-type VPS35. Overexpressing mutants of the retromer complex-associated proteins Rab7A and COMMD1 yielded a similar non-recycling phenotype of ATP7B. At high copper, VPS35 and ATP7B are juxtaposed on the same endolysosome and form a large complex that is stabilized by in vivo photoamino acid labeling and UV-crosslinking. We demonstrate that retromer regulates endolysosome to TGN trafficking of copper transporter ATP7B in a manner that is dependent upon intracellular copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Saptarshi Maji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Ruturaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Indira Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Tanusree Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Nabanita Naskar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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Hanss Z, Larsen SB, Antony P, Mencke P, Massart F, Jarazo J, Schwamborn JC, Barbuti PA, Mellick GD, Krüger R. Mitochondrial and Clearance Impairment in p.D620N VPS35 Patient-Derived Neurons. Mov Disord 2020; 36:704-715. [PMID: 33142012 PMCID: PMC8048506 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background VPS35 is part of the retromer complex and is responsible for the trafficking and recycling of proteins implicated in autophagy and lysosomal degradation, but also takes part in the degradation of mitochondrial proteins via mitochondria‐derived vesicles. The p.D620N mutation of VPS35 causes an autosomal‐dominant form of Parkinson's disease (PD), clinically representing typical PD. Objective Most of the studies on p.D620N VPS35 were performed on human tumor cell lines, rodent models overexpressing mutant VPS35, or in patient‐derived fibroblasts. Here, based on identified target proteins, we investigated the implication of mutant VPS35 in autophagy, lysosomal degradation, and mitochondrial function in induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons from a patient harboring the p.D620N mutation. Methods We reprogrammed fibroblasts from a PD patient carrying the p.D620N mutation in the VPS35 gene and from two healthy donors in induced pluripotent stem cells. These were subsequently differentiated into neuronal precursor cells to finally generate midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Results We observed a decreased autophagic flux and lysosomal mass associated with an accumulation of α‐synuclein in patient‐derived neurons compared to controls. Moreover, patient‐derived neurons presented a mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased membrane potential, impaired mitochondrial respiration, and increased production of reactive oxygen species associated with a defect in mitochondrial quality control via mitophagy. Conclusion We describe for the first time the impact of the p.D620N VPS35 mutation on autophago‐lysosome pathway and mitochondrial function in stem cell‐derived neurons from an affected p.D620N carrier and define neuronal phenotypes for future pharmacological interventions. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Hanss
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Simone B Larsen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pauline Mencke
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - François Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Javier Jarazo
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Peter A Barbuti
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg
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34
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Wu YR, Lin CH, Chao CY, Chang CW, Chen CM, Lee-Chen GJ. Rare VPS35 A320V Variant in Taiwanese Parkinson's Disease Indicates Disrupted CI-MPR Sorting and Impaired Mitochondrial Morphology. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E783. [PMID: 33120894 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence variants in vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) have been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). To investigate if the genetic variants in VPS35 contribute to Taiwanese PD, VPS35 cDNA fragments from 62 patients with PD were sequenced. A cohort of PD (n = 560) and ethnically matched controls (n = 506) were further examined for the identified mutation. The effects of the mutation on cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) sorting and mitochondrial morphology were further examined in 293T cells expressing the mutant VPS35. Here, a novel heterozygous A320V in the VPS35 gene was identified in two late-onset PD (LOPD) patients, which was absent in 506 normal controls. Expression of the A320V mutant in 293T cells demonstrated increased colocalization of VPS35 with CI-MPR and decreased CI-MPR and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) levels. Decreased CI-MPR manifested in missorting of cathepsin D and decreased proteolysis of α-synuclein. A320V mutation also increased mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (MUL1) and thus led to mitofusin 2 (MFN2) degradation. The results suggest that the expression of VPS35 A320V leads to disrupted CI-MPR sorting and impaired mitochondrial morphology, which may partly explain its action in PD.
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35
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Bono K, Hara-Miyauchi C, Sumi S, Oka H, Iguchi Y, Okano HJ. Endosomal dysfunction in iPSC-derived neural cells from Parkinson's disease patients with VPS35 D620N. Mol Brain 2020; 13:137. [PMID: 33032646 PMCID: PMC7542911 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) gene have been linked to familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), PARK17. VPS35 is a key component of the retromer complex, which plays a central role in endosomal trafficking. However, whether and how VPS35 deficiency or mutation contributes to PD pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we analyzed human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from PD patients with the VPS35 D620N mutation and addressed relevant disease mechanisms. In the disease group, dopaminergic (DA) neurons underwent extensive apoptotic cell death. The movement of Rab5a- or Rab7a-positive endosomes was slower, and the endosome fission and fusion frequencies were lower in the PD group than in the healthy control group. Interestingly, vesicles positive for cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor transported by retromers were abnormally localized in glial cells derived from patient iPSCs. Furthermore, we found α-synuclein accumulation in TH positive DA neurons. Our results demonstrate the induction of cell death, endosomal dysfunction and α -synuclein accumulation in neural cells of the PD group. PARK17 patient-derived iPSCs provide an excellent experimental tool for understanding the pathophysiology underlying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Bono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.,Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Chikako Hara-Miyauchi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sumi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Oka
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Daisan Hospital, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 4-11-1 Izumihoncho, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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36
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Carosi JM, Hein LK, van den Hurk M, Adams R, Milky B, Singh S, Bardy C, Denton D, Kumar S, Sargeant TJ. Retromer regulates the lysosomal clearance of MAPT/tau. Autophagy 2020; 17:2217-2237. [PMID: 32960680 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1821545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome axis enables the clearance and degradation of cytoplasmic components including protein aggregates, damaged organelles and invading pathogens. Protein aggregation and lysosomal system dysfunction in the brain are common features of several late-onset neurological disorders including Alzheimer disease. Spatial overlap between depletion of the endosomal-sorting complex retromer and MAPT/tau aggregation in the brain have been previously reported. However, whether retromer dysfunction plays a direct role in mediating MAPT aggregation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the autophagy-lysosome axis is the primary mode for the clearance of aggregated species of MAPT using both chemical and genetic approaches in cell models of amyloid MAPT aggregation. We show that depletion of the central retromer component VPS35 causes a block in the resolution of autophagy. We establish that this defect underlies marked accumulation of cytoplasmic MAPT aggregates upon VPS35 depletion, and that VPS35 overexpression has the opposite effect. This work illustrates how retromer complex integrity regulates the autophagy-lysosome axis to suppress MAPT aggregation and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Carosi
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy & Medical Science, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leanne K Hein
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark van den Hurk
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert Adams
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Bridget Milky
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Sanjna Singh
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cedric Bardy
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Evans AJ, Daly JL, Anuar ANK, Simonetti B, Cullen PJ. Acute inactivation of retromer and ESCPE-1 leads to time-resolved defects in endosomal cargo sorting. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/15/jcs246033. [PMID: 32747499 PMCID: PMC7420817 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human retromer, a heterotrimer of VPS26 (VPS26A or VPS26B), VPS35 and VPS29, orchestrates the endosomal retrieval of internalised cargo and promotes their cell surface recycling, a prototypical cargo being the glucose transporter GLUT1 (also known as SLC2A1). The role of retromer in the retrograde sorting of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR, also known as IGF2R) from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network remains controversial. Here, by applying knocksideways technology, we develop a method for acute retromer inactivation. While retromer knocksideways in HeLa and H4 human neuroglioma cells resulted in time-resolved defects in cell surface sorting of GLUT1, we failed to observe a quantifiable defect in CI-MPR sorting. In contrast, knocksideways of the ESCPE-1 complex – a key regulator of retrograde CI-MPR sorting – revealed time-resolved defects in CI-MPR sorting. Together, these data are consistent with a comparatively limited role for retromer in ESCPE-1-mediated CI-MPR retrograde sorting, and establish a methodology for acute retromer and ESCPE-1 inactivation that will aid the time-resolved dissection of their functional roles in endosomal cargo sorting. Summary: Retromer, a master controller of endosomal cargo sorting, is deregulated in neurodegenerative disease. Here, we develop and apply a retromer knocksideways methodology to quantify endosomal cargo sorting upon acute perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Evans
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - James L Daly
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anis N K Anuar
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Boris Simonetti
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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38
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Lesage S, Houot M, Mangone G, Tesson C, Bertrand H, Forlani S, Anheim M, Brefel-Courbon C, Broussolle E, Thobois S, Damier P, Durif F, Roze E, Tison F, Grabli D, Ory-Magne F, Degos B, Viallet F, Cormier-Dequaire F, Ouvrard-Hernandez AM, Vidailhet M, Lohmann E, Singleton A, Corvol JC, Brice A. Genetic and Phenotypic Basis of Autosomal Dominant Parkinson's Disease in a Large Multi-Center Cohort. Front Neurol 2020; 11:682. [PMID: 32849182 PMCID: PMC7399219 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LRRK2, SNCA, and VPS35 are unequivocally associated with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the prevalence of LRRK2, SNCA, and VPS35 mutations and associated clinical features in a large French multi-center cohort of PD patients. Demographic and clinical data were collected for 1,805 index cases (592 with autosomal dominant inheritance and 1,213 isolated cases) since 1990. All probands were screened with TaqMan assays for LRRK2 Gly2019Ser. In the absence of this mutation, the coding sequences of the three genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing and/or next-generation sequencing. The data for the three genes were analyzed according to age at onset, family history, ethnic origin and clinical features. We identified 160 index cases (8.9%) with known pathogenic variants: 138 with pathogenic LRRK2 variants (7.6%), including 136 with the Gly2019Ser mutation, 19 with SNCA point mutations or genomic rearrangements (1.1%), and three with the VPS35 Asp620Asn mutation (0.16%). Mutation frequencies were higher in familial than isolated cases, consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance (12.0 vs. 7.3%; OR 1.7, 95% CI [1.2-2.4], p = 0.001). PD patients with LRRK2 variants were more likely to have higher rates of late-onset PD (>50 years; OR 1.5, 95% CI [1.0-2.1], p = 0.03), whereas those with SNCA mutations tended to have earlier age at onset disease (≤ 50 years, p = 0.06). The clinical features of LRRK2 carriers and those without any pathogenic variants in known PD-associated genes were similar. The likelihood of detecting disease-causing mutations was higher in cases compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Centre d'Excellence sur les Maladies Neurodégénératives (CoEN), Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences CIC-1422, Paris, France
| | - Graziella Mangone
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences CIC-1422, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Forlani
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Département de Neurologie aux Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Brefel-Courbon
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Universitaire, Toulouse, France
- Service de Neurologie B8, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, Hôpital Universitaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc-Jeannerod, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Département de Neurologie C, Bron, France
- Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud Charles-Mérieux, Oullins, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc-Jeannerod, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Département de Neurologie C, Bron, France
- Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud Charles-Mérieux, Oullins, France
| | - Philippe Damier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Nantes, France
| | - Franck Durif
- Département de Neurologie A, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - François Tison
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Grabli
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences CIC-1422, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Ory-Magne
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre des Neurosciences, Hôpital Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- Unité de Neurologie, Hôpital Universitaire Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
- Equipe Dynamique et Physiopathologie des Réseaux Neuronaux, Centre pour la Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7241, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1050, Labex MemoLife, Paris, France
| | - François Viallet
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal d'Aix-Pertuis, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7309, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) et Université d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Florence Cormier-Dequaire
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences CIC-1422, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ebba Lohmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences CIC-1422, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche U1127 à l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225 au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Paris, France
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Rahman AA, Soto-Avellaneda A, Yong Jin H, Stojkovska I, Lai NK, Albright JE, Webb AR, Oe E, Valarde JP, Oxford AE, Urquhart PE, Wagner B, Brown C, Amado I, Vasquez P, Lehning N, Grozdanov V, Pu X, Danzer KM, Morrison BE. Enhanced Hyaluronan Signaling and Autophagy Dysfunction by VPS35 D620N. Neuroscience 2020; 441:33-45. [PMID: 32540366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) result from the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being closely linked to this disease. A PD-causing familial mutation in VPS35 (D620N) has been reported to inhibit autophagy. In order to identify signaling pathways responsible for this autophagy defect, we performed an unbiased screen using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of wild-type or VPS35 D620N-expressing retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. We report that VPS35 D620N-expressing cells exhibit transcriptome changes indicative of alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as well as PI3K-AKT signaling, a pathway known to regulate autophagy. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of brain ECM and signals via the ECM receptors CD44, a top RNA-Seq hit, and HA-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) to the autophagy-regulating PI3K-AKT pathway. We find that high (>950 kDa), but not low (15-40 kDa), molecular weight HA treatment inhibits autophagy. In addition, VPS35 D620N facilitated enhanced HA-AKT signaling. Transcriptomic assessment and validation of protein levels identified the differential expression of CD44 and HMMR isoforms in VPS35 D620N mutant cells. We report that knockdown of HMMR or CD44 results in upregulated autophagy in cells expressing wild-type VPS35. However, only HMMR knockdown resulted in rescue of autophagy dysfunction by VPS35 D620N indicating a potential pathogenic role for this receptor and HA signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir A Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Biomolecular Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Avellaneda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Biomolecular Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Hyun Yong Jin
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Iva Stojkovska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Nathan K Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Joshua E Albright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Abby R Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Emily Oe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jacob P Valarde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Alexandra E Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Paige E Urquhart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Brandon Wagner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Connor Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Isabella Amado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Peyton Vasquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Nicholas Lehning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Biomolecular Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | | | - Xinzhu Pu
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | | | - Brad E Morrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Biomolecular Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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40
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Sassone J, Reale C, Dati G, Regoni M, Pellecchia MT, Garavaglia B. The Role of VPS35 in the Pathobiology of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:199-227. [PMID: 32323152 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) gene located on chromosome 16 has recently emerged as a cause of late-onset familial Parkinson's disease (PD) (PARK17). The gene encodes a 796-residue protein nearly ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. The protein localizes on endosomes where it assembles with other peripheral membrane proteins to form the retromer complex. How VPS35 mutations induce dopaminergic neuron degeneration in humans is still unclear. Because the retromer complex recycles the receptors that mediate the transport of hydrolase to lysosome, it has been suggested that VPS35 mutations lead to impaired lysosomal and autophagy function. Recent studies also demonstrated that VPS35 and the retromer complex influence mitochondrial homeostasis, suggesting that VPS35 mutations elicit mitochondrial dysfunction. More recent studies have identified a key role of VPS35 in neurotransmission, whilst others reported a functional interaction between VPS35 and other genes associated with familial PD, including α-SYNUCLEIN-PARKIN-LRRK2. Here, we review the biological role of VPS35 protein, the VPS35 mutations identified in human PD patients, and the potential molecular mechanism by which VPS35 mutations can induce progressive neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Reale
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Dati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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41
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Wu KY, Tang FL, Lee D, Zhao Y, Song H, Zhu XJ, Mei L, Xiong WC. Ependymal Vps35 Promotes Ependymal Cell Differentiation and Survival, Suppresses Microglial Activation, and Prevents Neonatal Hydrocephalus. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3862-79. [PMID: 32291328 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1520-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a pathologic condition associated with various brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysfunctional ependymal cells (EpCs) are believed to contribute to the development of hydrocephalus. It is thus of interest to investigate EpCs' development and function. Here, we report that vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35) is critical for EpC differentiation, ciliogenesis, and survival, and thus preventing neonatal hydrocephalus. VPS35 is abundantly expressed in EpCs. Mice with conditional knock-out (cKO) of Vps35 in embryonic (Vps35GFAP-Cre and Vps35Emx1-Cre) or postnatal (Vps35Foxj1-CreER) EpC progenitors exhibit enlarged lateral ventricles (LVs) and hydrocephalus-like pathology. Further studies reveal marked reductions in EpCs and their cilia in both Vps35GFAP-Cre and Vps35Foxj1-CreER mutant mice. The reduced EpCs appear to be due to impairments in EpC differentiation and survival. Additionally, both Vps35GFAP-Cre and Vps35Foxj1-CreER neonatal pups exhibit increased cell proliferation and death largely in a region close to LV-EpCs. Many microglia close to the mutant LV-EpC region become activated. Depletion of the microglia by PLX3397, an antagonist of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), restores LV-EpCs and diminishes the pathology of neonatal hydrocephalus in Vps35Foxj1-CreER mice. Taken together, these observations suggest unrecognized functions of Vps35 in EpC differentiation, ciliogenesis, and survival in neonatal LV, and reveal pathologic roles of locally activated microglia in EpC homeostasis and hydrocephalus development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study reports critical functions of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35) not only in promoting ependymal cell (EpC) differentiation, ciliogenesis, and survival, but also in preventing local microglial activation. The dysfunctional EpCs and activated microglia are likely to induce hydrocephalus.
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42
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Ye H, Ojelade SA, Li-Kroeger D, Zuo Z, Wang L, Li Y, Gu JYJ, Tepass U, Rodal AA, Bellen HJ, Shulman JM. Retromer subunit, VPS29, regulates synaptic transmission and is required for endolysosomal function in the aging brain. eLife 2020; 9:e51977. [PMID: 32286230 PMCID: PMC7182434 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retromer, including Vps35, Vps26, and Vps29, is a protein complex responsible for recycling proteins within the endolysosomal pathway. Although implicated in both Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, our understanding of retromer function in the adult brain remains limited, in part because Vps35 and Vps26 are essential for development. In Drosophila, we find that Vps29 is dispensable for embryogenesis but required for retromer function in aging adults, including for synaptic transmission, survival, and locomotion. Unexpectedly, in Vps29 mutants, Vps35 and Vps26 proteins are normally expressed and associated, but retromer is mislocalized from neuropil to soma with the Rab7 GTPase. Further, Vps29 phenotypes are suppressed by reducing Rab7 or overexpressing the GTPase activating protein, TBC1D5. With aging, retromer insufficiency triggers progressive endolysosomal dysfunction, with ultrastructural evidence of impaired substrate clearance and lysosomal stress. Our results reveal the role of Vps29 in retromer localization and function, highlighting requirements for brain homeostasis in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | | | - David Li-Kroeger
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Liping Wang
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Jessica YJ Gu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Ulrich Tepass
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of TorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
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Abstract
The identification of Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated genes has created a powerful platform to begin to understand and nominate pathophysiological disease mechanisms. Herein, we discuss the genetic and experimental evidence supporting endolysosomal dysfunction as a major pathway implicated in PD. Well-studied familial PD-linked gene products, including LRRK2, VPS35, and α-synuclein, demonstrate how disruption of different aspects of endolysosomal sorting pathways by disease-causing mutations may manifest into PD-like phenotypes in many disease models. Newly-identified PD-linked genes, including auxilin, synaptojanin-1 and Rab39b, as well as putative risk genes for idiopathic PD (endophilinA1, Rab29, GAK), further support endosomal sorting deficits as being central to PD. LRRK2 may represent a nexus by regulating many distinct features of endosomal sorting, potentially via phosphorylation of key endocytosis machinery (i.e., auxilin, synaptojanin-1, endoA1) and Rab GTPases (i.e., Rab29, Rab8A, Rab10) that function within these pathways. In turn, LRRK2 kinase activity is critically regulated by Rab29 at the Golgi complex and retromer-associated VPS35 at endosomes. Taken together, the known functions of PD-associated gene products, the impact of disease-linked mutations, and the emerging functional interactions between these proteins points to endosomal sorting pathways as a key point of convergence in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Cunningham
- Van Andel Institute Graduate School, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Darren J Moore
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
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Sironi L, Restelli LM, Tolnay M, Neutzner A, Frank S. Dysregulated Interorganellar Crosstalk of Mitochondria in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010233. [PMID: 31963435 PMCID: PMC7016713 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is complex and involves the impairment of crucial intracellular physiological processes. Importantly, in addition to abnormal α-synuclein aggregation, the dysfunction of various mitochondria-dependent processes has been prominently implicated in PD pathogenesis. Besides the long-known loss of the organelles’ bioenergetics function resulting in diminished ATP synthesis, more recent studies in the field have increasingly focused on compromised mitochondrial quality control as well as impaired biochemical processes specifically localized to ER–mitochondria interfaces (such as lipid biosynthesis and calcium homeostasis). In this review, we will discuss how dysregulated mitochondrial crosstalk with other organelles contributes to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Sironi
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (L.M.R.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (S.F.); Tel.: +41-61-265-2776 (L.S. & S.F.)
| | - Lisa Michelle Restelli
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (L.M.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Markus Tolnay
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (L.M.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Albert Neutzner
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (L.M.R.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (S.F.); Tel.: +41-61-265-2776 (L.S. & S.F.)
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45
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Ye SY, Apple JE, Ren X, Tang FL, Yao LL, Wang YG, Mei L, Zhou YG, Xiong WC. Microglial VPS35 deficiency regulates microglial polarization and decreases ischemic stroke-induced damage in the cortex. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:235. [PMID: 31771656 PMCID: PMC6880612 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuolar sorting protein 35 (VPS35), a critical component of retromer, is essential for selective endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of membrane proteins. It is highly expressed in microglial cells, in addition to neurons. We have previously demonstrated microglial VPS35's functions in preventing hippocampal, but not cortical, microglial activation, and in promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, microglial VPS35's role in the cortex in response to ischemic stroke remains largely unclear. METHODS We used mice with VPS35 cKO (conditional knockout) in microglial cells and examined and compared their responses to ischemic stroke with control mice. The brain damage, cell death, changes in glial cells and gene expression, and sensorimotor deficits were assessed by a combination of immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR, Western blot, and neurological functional behavior tests. RESULTS We found that microglial VPS35 loss results in an increase of anti-inflammatory microglia in mouse cortex after ischemic stroke. The ischemic stroke-induced brain injury phenotypes, including brain damage, neuronal death, and sensorimotor deficits, were all attenuated by microglial VPS35-deficiency. Further analysis of protein expression changes revealed a reduction in CX3CR1 (CX3C chemokine receptor 1) in microglial VPS35-deficient cortex after ischemic stroke, implicating CX3CR1 as a potential cargo of VPS35 in this event. CONCLUSION Together, these results reveal an unrecognized function of microglial VPS35 in enhancing ischemic brain injury-induced inflammatory microglia, but suppressing the injury-induced anti-inflammatory microglia. Consequently, microglial VPS35 cKO mice exhibit attenuation of ischemic brain injury response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yang Ye
- Center of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Joanna E Apple
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ling-Ling Yao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yong-Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan-Guo Zhou
- Center of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Rodriguez-Furlan C, Domozych D, Qian W, Enquist PA, Li X, Zhang C, Schenk R, Winbigler HS, Jackson W, Raikhel NV, Hicks GR. Interaction between VPS35 and RABG3f is necessary as a checkpoint to control fusion of late compartments with the vacuole. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21291-21301. [PMID: 31570580 PMCID: PMC6800349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905321116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuoles are essential organelles in plants, playing crucial roles, such as cellular material degradation, ion and metabolite storage, and turgor maintenance. Vacuoles receive material via the endocytic, secretory, and autophagic pathways. Membrane fusion is the last step during which prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) and autophagosomes fuse with the vacuole membrane (tonoplast) to deliver cargoes. Protein components of the canonical intracellular fusion machinery that are conserved across organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, include complexes, such as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), that catalyze membrane fusion, and homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS), that serve as adaptors which tether cargo vesicles to target membranes for fusion under the regulation of RAB-GTPases. The mechanisms regulating the recruitment and assembly of tethering complexes are not well-understood, especially the role of RABs in this dynamic regulation. Here, we report the identification of the small synthetic molecule Endosidin17 (ES17), which interferes with synthetic, endocytic, and autophagic traffic by impairing the fusion of late endosome compartments with the tonoplast. Multiple independent target identification techniques revealed that ES17 targets the VPS35 subunit of the retromer tethering complex, preventing its normal interaction with the Arabidopsis RAB7 homolog RABG3f. ES17 interference with VPS35-RABG3f interaction prevents the retromer complex to endosome anchoring, resulting in retention of RABG3f. Using multiple approaches, we show that VPS35-RABG3f-GTP interaction is necessary to trigger downstream events like HOPS complex assembly and fusion of late compartments with the tonoplast. Overall, our results support a role for the interaction of RABG3f-VPS35 as a checkpoint in the control of traffic toward the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
| | - David Domozych
- Biology Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866
| | - Weixing Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Enquist
- Department of Chemistry, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - Rolf Schenk
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
| | - Holly Saulsbery Winbigler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201
| | - William Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201
| | - Natasha V Raikhel
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
| | - Glenn R Hicks
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506;
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
- Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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47
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Casanova A, Low SH, Québatte M, Sedzicki J, Tschon T, Ketterer M, Smith K, Emmenlauer M, Ben-Tekaya H, Dehio C. A Role for the VPS Retromer in Brucella Intracellular Replication Revealed by Genomewide siRNA Screening. mSphere 2019; 4:e00380-19. [PMID: 31243080 DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00380-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella, the agent causing brucellosis, is a major zoonotic pathogen with worldwide distribution. Brucella resides and replicates inside infected host cells in membrane-bound compartments called Brucella-containing vacuoles (BCVs). Following uptake, Brucella resides in endosomal BCVs (eBCVs) that gradually mature from early to late endosomal features. Through a poorly understood process that is key to the intracellular lifestyle of Brucella, the eBCV escapes fusion with lysosomes by transitioning to the replicative BCV (rBCV), a replicative niche directly connected to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Despite the notion that this complex intracellular lifestyle must depend on a multitude of host factors, a holistic view on which of these components control Brucella cell entry, trafficking, and replication is still missing. Here we used a systematic cell-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown screen in HeLa cells infected with Brucella abortus and identified 425 components of the human infectome for Brucella infection. These include multiple components of pathways involved in central processes such as the cell cycle, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, or vesicular trafficking. Using assays for pathogen entry, knockdown complementation, and colocalization at single-cell resolution, we identified the requirement of the VPS retromer for Brucella to escape the lysosomal degradative pathway and to establish its intracellular replicative niche. We thus validated the VPS retromer as a novel host factor critical for Brucella intracellular trafficking. Further, our genomewide data shed light on the interplay between central host processes and the biogenesis of the Brucella replicative niche.IMPORTANCE With >300,000 new cases of human brucellosis annually, Brucella is regarded as one of the most important zoonotic bacterial pathogens worldwide. The agent causing brucellosis resides inside host cells within vacuoles termed Brucella-containing vacuoles (BCVs). Although a few host components required to escape the degradative lysosomal pathway and to establish the ER-derived replicative BCV (rBCV) have already been identified, the global understanding of this highly coordinated process is still partial, and many factors remain unknown. To gain deeper insight into these fundamental questions, we performed a genomewide RNA interference (RNAi) screen aiming at discovering novel host factors involved in the Brucella intracellular cycle. We identified 425 host proteins that contribute to Brucella cellular entry, intracellular trafficking, and replication. Together, this study sheds light on previously unknown host pathways required for the Brucella infection cycle and highlights the VPS retromer components as critical factors for the establishment of the Brucella intracellular replicative niche.
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Bartoletti-Stella A, Corrado P, Mometto N, Baiardi S, Durrenberger PF, Arzberger T, Reynolds R, Kretzschmar H, Capellari S, Parchi P. Analysis of RNA Expression Profiles Identifies Dysregulated Vesicle Trafficking Pathways in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5009-5024. [PMID: 30446946 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional genomics applied to the study of RNA expression profiles identified several abnormal molecular processes in experimental prion disease. However, only a few similar studies have been carried out to date in a naturally occurring human prion disease. To better characterize the transcriptional cascades associated with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), the most common human prion disease, we investigated the global gene expression profile in samples from the frontal cortex of 10 patients with sCJD and 10 non-neurological controls by microarray analysis. The comparison identified 333 highly differentially expressed genes (hDEGs) in sCJD. Functional enrichment Gene Ontology analysis revealed that hDEGs were mainly associated with synaptic transmission, including GABA (q value = 0.049) and glutamate (q value = 0.005) signaling, and the immune/inflammatory response. Furthermore, the analysis of cellular components performed on hDEGs showed a compromised regulation of vesicle-mediated transport with mainly up-regulated genes related to the endosome (q value = 0.01), lysosome (q value = 0.04), and extracellular exosome (q value < 0.01). A targeted analysis of the retromer core component VPS35 (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35) showed a down-regulation of gene expression (p value= 0.006) and reduced brain protein levels (p value= 0.002). Taken together, these results confirm and expand previous microarray expression profile data in sCJD. Most significantly, they also demonstrate the involvement of the endosomal-lysosomal system. Since the latter is a common pathogenic pathway linking together diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, it might be the focus of future studies aimed to identify new therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bartoletti-Stella
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Corrado
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Mometto
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Baiardi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pascal F Durrenberger
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, Rayne Building, London, UK
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hans Kretzschmar
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, 40139, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, 40139, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
The retromer complex mediates export of select transmembrane proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) or to the plasma membrane. Dysfunction of retromer has been linked with slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (AD and PD). As these disorders affect synapses it is of key importance to clarify the function of retromer-dependent protein trafficking pathways in pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Here we discuss recent insights into the roles of retromer in the trafficking of synaptic vesicle proteins, neurotransmitter receptors and other synaptic proteins. We also consider evidence that implies synapses as sites of early pathology in neurodegenerative disorders, pointing to a possible role of synaptic retromer dysfunction in the initiation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Brodin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oleg Shupliakov
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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50
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Mir R, Tonelli F, Lis P, Macartney T, Polinski NK, Martinez TN, Chou MY, Howden AJM, König T, Hotzy C, Milenkovic I, Brücke T, Zimprich A, Sammler E, Alessi DR. The Parkinson's disease VPS35[D620N] mutation enhances LRRK2-mediated Rab protein phosphorylation in mouse and human. Biochem J 2018; 475:1861-83. [PMID: 29743203 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20180248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Missense mutations in the LRRK2 (Leucine-rich repeat protein kinase-2) and VPS35 genes result in autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. The VPS35 gene encodes for the cargo-binding component of the retromer complex, while LRRK2 modulates vesicular trafficking by phosphorylating a subgroup of Rab proteins. Pathogenic mutations in LRRK2 increase its kinase activity. It is not known how the only thus far described pathogenic VPS35 mutation, [p.D620N] exerts its effects. We reveal that the VPS35[D620N] knock-in mutation strikingly elevates LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of Rab8A, Rab10, and Rab12 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The VPS35[D620N] mutation also increases Rab10 phosphorylation in mouse tissues (the lung, kidney, spleen, and brain). Furthermore, LRRK2-mediated Rab10 phosphorylation is increased in neutrophils as well as monocytes isolated from three Parkinson's patients with a heterozygous VPS35[D620N] mutation compared with healthy donors and idiopathic Parkinson's patients. LRRK2-mediated Rab10 phosphorylation is significantly suppressed by knock-out or knock-down of VPS35 in wild-type, LRRK2[R1441C], or VPS35[D620N] cells. Finally, VPS35[D620N] mutation promotes Rab10 phosphorylation more potently than LRRK2 pathogenic mutations. Available data suggest that Parkinson's patients with VPS35[D620N] develop the disease at a younger age than those with LRRK2 mutations. Our observations indicate that VPS35 controls LRRK2 activity and that the VPS35[D620N] mutation results in a gain of function, potentially causing PD through hyperactivation of the LRRK2 kinase. Our findings suggest that it may be possible to elaborate compounds that target the retromer complex to suppress LRRK2 activity. Moreover, patients with VPS35[D620N] associated Parkinson's might benefit from LRRK2 inhibitor treatment that have entered clinical trials in humans.
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