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Zhu H, Wang D, Ye Z, Huang L, Wei W, Chan KM, Zhang R, Zhang L, Yue J. The temporal association of CapZ with early endosomes regulates endosomal trafficking and viral entry into host cells. BMC Biol 2024; 22:12. [PMID: 38273307 PMCID: PMC10809671 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many viruses enter host cells by hijacking endosomal trafficking. CapZ, a canonical actin capping protein, participates in endosomal trafficking, yet its precise role in endocytosis and virus infection remains elusive. RESULTS Here, we showed that CapZ was transiently associated with early endosomes (EEs) and was subsequently released from the matured EEs after the fusion of two EEs, which was facilitated by PI(3)P to PI(3,5)P2 conversion. Vacuolin-1 (a triazine compound) stabilized CapZ at EEs and thus blocked the transition of EEs to late endosomes (LEs). Likewise, artificially tethering CapZ to EEs via a rapamycin-induced protein-protein interaction system blocked the early-to-late endosome transition. Remarkably, CapZ knockout or artificially tethering CapZ to EEs via rapamycin significantly inhibited flaviviruses, e.g., Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV), or beta-coronavirus, e.g., murine hepatitis virus (MHV), infection by preventing the escape of RNA genome from endocytic vesicles. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the temporal association of CapZ with EEs facilitates early-to-late endosome transition (physiologically) and the release of the viral genome from endocytic vesicles (pathologically).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Zhu
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuodong Ye
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Research Core Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Divison of Natural and Applied Sciences, Synear Molecular Biology Lab, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.
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2
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Desale SE, Chidambaram H, Qureshi T, Chinnathambi S. Internalization and Endosomal Trafficking of Extracellular Tau in Microglia Improved by α-Linolenic Acid. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:245-255. [PMID: 38427241 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is distinguished by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of Tau. Pathogenic Tau species are also known to display "prion-like propagation," which explains their presence in extracellular spaces as well. Glial population, especially microglia, tend to proclaim neuroinflammatory condition, disrupted signaling mechanisms, and cytoskeleton deregulation in AD. Omega-3 fatty acids play a neuroprotective role in the brain, which can trigger the anti-inflammatory pathways as well as actin dynamics in the cells. Improvement of cytoskeletal assembly mechanism by omega-3 fatty acids would regulate the other signaling cascades in the cells, leading to refining clearance of extracellular protein burden in AD. In this study, we focused on analyzing the ability of α-linolenic acid (ALA) as a regulator of actin dynamics to balance the signaling pathways in microglia, including endocytosis of extracellular Tau burden in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Eknath Desale
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tazeen Qureshi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Deng L, Zhao L, Jin J, Qiao B, Zhang X, Chang L, Zheng L, Dankar S, Ping J. Transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 suppresses influenza A virus replication by impeding viral endosomal trafficking and nuclear import. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109769. [PMID: 37148621 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 (TACC3) is a motor spindle protein that plays an essential role in stabilization of the mitotic spindle. In this study, we show that the overexpression of TACC3 reduces the viral titers of multiple influenza A viruses (IAVs). In contrast, the downregulation of TACC3 increases IAVs propagation. Next, we map the target steps of TACC3 requirement to the early stages of viral replication. By confocal microscopy and nuclear plasma separation experiment, we reveal that overexpression of TACC3 results in a substantial decrease of IAV NP accumulation in the nuclei of infected cells. We further show that viral attachment and internalization are not affected by TACC3 overexpression and detect that the early and late endosomal trafficking of IAV in TACC3 overexpression cells is slower than negative control cells. These results suggest that TACC3 exerts an impaired effect on the endosomal trafficking and nuclear import of vRNP, thereby negatively regulating IAV replication. Moreover, the infection of different IAV subtypes decreases the expression level of TACC3 in turn. Consequently, we speculate that IAV ensures the generation of offspring virions by antagonizing the expression of inhibitory factor TACC3. Collectively, our results establish TACC3 as an important inhibitory factor for replication of the IAV, suggesting that TACC3 could be a potential target for the development of future antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Deng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lingcai Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayu Jin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bingchen Qiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lifeng Chang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lucheng Zheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Samar Dankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1V 8M5, Canada
| | - Jihui Ping
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Mamais A, Wallings R, Rocha EM. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Lysosomal dysfunction in the endolysosomal Parkinson's disease subtype. Handb Clin Neurol 2023; 193:33-51. [PMID: 36803821 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) remains one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. It has become increasingly recognized that PD is not one disease but a constellation of many, with distinct cellular mechanisms driving pathology and neuronal loss in each given subtype. Endolysosomal trafficking and lysosomal degradation are crucial to maintain neuronal homeostasis and vesicular trafficking. It is clear that deficits in endolysosomal signaling data support the existence of an endolysosomal PD subtype. This chapter describes how cellular pathways involved in endolysosomal vesicular trafficking and lysosomal degradation in neurons and immune cells can contribute to PD. Last, as inflammatory processes including phagocytosis and cytokine release are central in glia-neuron interactions, a spotlight on the role of neuroinflammation plays in the pathogenesis of this PD subtype is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantios Mamais
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebecca Wallings
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Emily M Rocha
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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5
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Burk K. The endocytosis, trafficking, sorting and signaling of neurotrophic receptors. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2023; 196:141-165. [PMID: 36813356 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are soluble factors secreted by neurons themselves as well as by post-synaptic target tissues. Neurotrophic signaling regulates several processes such as neurite growth, neuronal survival and synaptogenesis. In order to signal, neurotrophins bind to their receptors, the tropomyosin receptor tyrosine kinase (Trk), which causes internalization of the ligand-receptor complex. Subsequently, this complex is routed into the endosomal system from where Trks can start their downstream signaling. Depending on their endosomal localization, co-receptors involved, but also due to the expression patterns of adaptor proteins, Trks regulate a variety of mechanisms. In this chapter, I provide an overview of the endocytosis, trafficking, sorting and signaling of neurotrophic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Onal T, Ozgul-Onal M, Chefetz I. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase: Conventional (necroptosis) and unconventional (necroptosis-independent) functions and features. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2023; 134:225-243. [PMID: 36858737 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) is the terminal and indispensable mediator of necroptosis. Necroptosis, also known as programmed cell necrosis, is a caspase-independent cell death mechanism involved in various pathologic and inflammatory processes. Triggering necroptosis could be an alternative approach in treating apoptosis-resistant cancer cells to prevent recurrent disease. In addition to its function in necroptosis, MLKL plays a role as a regulator in many cellular processes independent of necroptosis. A better understanding of the intracellular function of MLKL and its role in various diseases and pathologic conditions is needed to enable discovery of new targeted therapies. Various necroptosis-dependent and independent functions of MLKL are reviewed in this chapter, with a focus on functions of MLKL in necroptosis, autophagy, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and endosomal trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Onal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - Melike Ozgul-Onal
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ilana Chefetz
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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7
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Sharma I, Kirti PB, Pati PK. Autophagy: a game changer for plant development and crop improvement. Planta 2022; 256:103. [PMID: 36307739 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of autophagic pathway represents a tremendous opportunity for designing climate-smart crops with improved yield and better adaptability to changing environment. For exploiting autophagy to its full potential, identification and comprehensive characterization of adapters/receptor complex and elucidation of its regulatory network in crop plants is highly warranted. Autophagy is a major intracellular trafficking pathway in eukaryotes involved in vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic constituents, mis-folded proteins, and defective organelles. Under optimum conditions, autophagy operates at a basal level to maintain cellular homeostasis, but under stressed conditions, it is induced further to provide temporal stress relief. Our understanding of this highly dynamic process has evolved exponentially in the past few years with special reference to several plant-specific roles of autophagy. Here, we review the most recent advances in the field of autophagy in plants and discuss its potential implications in designing crops with improved stress and disease-tolerance, enhanced yield potential, and improved capabilities for producing metabolites of high economic value. We also assess the current knowledge gaps and the possible strategies to develop a robust module for biotechnological application of autophagy to enhance bioeconomy and sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- AgriBiotech Foundation, PJTS Agriculture University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India.
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 502324, Patancheru, Telangana, India.
| | | | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 140301, India
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8
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Patel SK, Billingsley MM, Frazee C, Han X, Swingle KL, Qin J, Alameh MG, Wang K, Weissman D, Mitchell MJ. Hydroxycholesterol substitution in ionizable lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery to T cells. J Control Release 2022; 347:521-32. [PMID: 35569584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of nucleic acids, such as mRNA, to immune cells has become a major focus in the past decade with ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) emerging as a clinically-validated delivery platform. LNPs-typically composed of ionizable lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and polyethylene glycol lipids -have been designed and optimized for a variety of applications including cancer therapies, vaccines, and gene editing. However, LNPs have only recently been investigated for delivery to T cells, which has various therapeutic applications including the engineering of T cell immunotherapies. While several LNP formulations have been evaluated for mRNA delivery, recent work has demonstrated that the utilization of cholesterol analogs may enhance mRNA delivery. Other studies have shown that cholesterols modified with hydroxyl groups can alter endocytic recycling mechanisms. Here, we engineered a library of LNPs incorporating hydroxycholesterols to evaluate their impact on mRNA delivery to T cells by leveraging endosomal trafficking mechanisms. Substitution of 25% and 50% 7α-hydroxycholesterol for cholesterol in LNPs enhanced mRNA delivery to primary human T cells ex vivo by 1.8-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively. Investigation of endosomal trafficking revealed that these modifications also increase late endosome production and reduce the presence of recycling endosomes. These results suggest that hydroxyl modification of cholesterol molecules incorporated into LNP formulations provides a mechanism for improving delivery of nucleic acid cargo to T cells for a range of immunotherapy applications.
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Genest M, Comunale F, Planchon D, Govindin P, Noly D, Vacher S, Bièche I, Robert B, Malhotra H, Schoenit A, Tashireva LA, Casas J, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Bodin S. Upregulated flotillins and sphingosine kinase 2 derail AXL vesicular traffic to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274986. [PMID: 35394045 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered endocytosis and vesicular trafficking are major players during tumorigenesis. Flotillin overexpression, a feature observed in many invasive tumors and identified as a marker of poor prognosis, induces a deregulated endocytic and trafficking pathway called upregulated flotillin-induced trafficking (UFIT). Here, we found that in non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells, induction of the UFIT pathway promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and accelerates the endocytosis of several transmembrane receptors, including AXL, in flotillin-positive late endosomes. AXL overexpression, frequently observed in cancer cells, is linked to EMT and metastasis formation. In flotillin-overexpressing non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells and in invasive breast carcinoma cells, we found that the UFIT pathway-mediated AXL endocytosis allows its stabilization and depends on sphingosine kinase 2, a lipid kinase recruited in flotillin-rich plasma membrane domains and endosomes. Thus, the deregulation of vesicular trafficking following flotillin upregulation, and through sphingosine kinase 2, emerges as a new mechanism of AXL overexpression and EMT-inducing signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Genest
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Govindin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Dune Noly
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Bruno Robert
- IRCM, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Himanshu Malhotra
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Andreas Schoenit
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Liubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-EHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Belda-Palazón B, Rodriguez PL. Microscopic Imaging of Endosomal Trafficking of ABA Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2462:59-69. [PMID: 35152380 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2156-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone for stress tolerance. The balance between growth/development and stress responses is crucial for the optimal course of plant life meaning that plants need to control the timing and extent of ABA pathway activation. In this regard, protein turnover regulation by means of both the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and non-26S proteasome endomembrane trafficking pathways, plays a critical role in the regulation of ABA signaling activation and deactivation. Over the last few years, the ubiquitination of ABA receptors PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1 (PYR1)/PYR1-LIKE (PYL)/REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS (RCAR) at the plasma membrane by the RING between RING fingers (RBR)-type E3 ligase RING FINGER OF SEED LONGEVITY1 (RSL1) triggering their internalization through the clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway, followed by their endosomal trafficking and delivery to the vacuole for degradation, was reported. For this process, the direct role of some components of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, that is, FYVE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1 (FYVE1)/FYVE DOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR ENDOSOMAL SORTING 1 (FREE1) and VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING23A (VPS23A) members of ESCRT-I complex, and ALG-2 INTERACTING PROTEIN-X (ALIX) associated protein of ESCRT-III, was reported. In this chapter, we will detail two methods for imaging endosomal trafficking of ABA receptor proteins by confocal microscopy: (a) colocalization of GFP-PYL4 (also known as RCAR10) and CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAIN 2 (CLC2)-mOrange in clathrin-coated vesicles in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and (b) localization of GFP-PYL4 into Wortmannin (WM)-enlarged late endosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Belda-Palazón
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Rimbert A, Dalila N, Wolters JC, Huijkman N, Smit M, Kloosterhuis N, Riemsma M, van der Veen Y, Singla A, van Dijk F, Frikke-Schmidt R, Burstein E, Tybjærg-Hansen A, van de Sluis B, Kuivenhoven JA. A common variant in CCDC93 protects against myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality by regulating endosomal trafficking of low-density lipoprotein receptor. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:1040-1053. [PMID: 31630160 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Genome-wide association studies have previously identified INSIG2 as a candidate gene for plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). However, we suspect a role for CCDC93 in the same locus because of its involvement in the recycling of the LDL-receptor (LDLR). METHODS AND RESULTS Characterization of the INSIG2 locus was followed by studies in over 107 000 individuals from the general population, the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study, for associations of genetic variants with plasma lipids levels, with risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and with cardiovascular mortality. CCDC93 was furthermore studied in cells and mice. The lead variant of the INSIG2 locus (rs10490626) is not associated with changes in the expression of nearby genes but is a part of a genetic block, which excludes INSIG2. This block includes a coding variant in CCDC93 p.Pro228Leu, which is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs10490626 (r2 > 0.96). In the general population, separately and combined, CCDC93 p.Pro228Leu is dose-dependently associated with lower LDL-c (P-trend 2.5 × 10-6 to 8.0 × 10-9), with lower risk of MI (P-trend 0.04-0.002) and lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (P-trend 0.005-0.004). These results were validated for LDL-c, risk of both coronary artery disease and MI in meta-analyses including from 194 000 to >700 000 participants. The variant is shown to increase CCDC93 protein stability, while overexpression of human CCDC93 decreases plasma LDL-c in mice. Conversely, CCDC93 ablation reduces LDL uptake as a result of reduced LDLR levels at the cell membrane. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that a common variant in CCDC93, encoding a protein involved in recycling of the LDLR, is associated with lower LDL-c levels, lower risk of MI and cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Rimbert
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Rm 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nawar Dalila
- Section for Molecular Genetics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Rm 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette Huijkman
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Rm 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Rm 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Kloosterhuis
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Rm 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijn Riemsma
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Rm 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ydwine van der Veen
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Rm 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amika Singla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Freerk van Dijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Section for Molecular Genetics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Section for Molecular Genetics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Rm 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Building 3226, Rm 04.14, Internal Zip Code EA12, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Laidlaw KME, Bisinski DD, Shashkova S, Paine KM, Veillon MA, Leake MC, MacDonald C. A glucose-starvation response governs endocytic trafficking and eisosomal retention of surface cargoes in budding yeast. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:224110. [PMID: 33443082 PMCID: PMC7860119 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells adapt their metabolism to the extracellular environment. Downregulation of surface cargo proteins in response to nutrient stress reduces the burden of anabolic processes whilst elevating catabolic production in the lysosome. We show that glucose starvation in yeast triggers a transcriptional response that increases internalisation from the plasma membrane. Nuclear export of the Mig1 transcriptional repressor in response to glucose starvation increases levels of the Yap1801 and Yap1802 clathrin adaptors, which is sufficient to increase cargo internalisation. Beyond this, we show that glucose starvation results in Mig1-independent transcriptional upregulation of various eisosomal factors. These factors serve to sequester a portion of nutrient transporters at existing eisosomes, through the presence of Ygr130c and biochemical and biophysical changes in Pil1, allowing cells to persist throughout the starvation period and maximise nutrient uptake upon return to replete conditions. This provides a physiological benefit for cells to rapidly recover from glucose starvation. Collectively, this remodelling of the surface protein landscape during glucose starvation calibrates metabolism to available nutrients.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla M E Laidlaw
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel D Bisinski
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sviatlana Shashkova
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.,Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Katherine M Paine
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Malaury A Veillon
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mark C Leake
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.,Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Chris MacDonald
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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13
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Singla A, Chen Q, Suzuki K, Song J, Fedoseienko A, Wijers M, Lopez A, Billadeau DD, van de Sluis B, Burstein E. Regulation of murine copper homeostasis by members of the COMMD protein family. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.045963. [PMID: 33262129 PMCID: PMC7803461 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential transition metal for all eukaryotes. In mammals, intestinal copper absorption is mediated by the ATP7A copper transporter, whereas copper excretion occurs predominantly through the biliary route and is mediated by the paralog ATP7B. Both transporters have been shown to be recycled actively between the endosomal network and the plasma membrane by a molecular machinery known as the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 or CCC complex. In fact, mutations in COMMD1 can lead to impaired biliary copper excretion and liver pathology in dogs and in mice with liver-specific Commd1 deficiency, recapitulating aspects of this phenotype. Nonetheless, the role of the CCC complex in intestinal copper absorption in vivo has not been studied, and the potential redundancy of various COMMD family members has not been tested. In this study, we examined copper homeostasis in enterocyte-specific and hepatocyte-specific COMMD gene-deficient mice. We found that, in contrast to effects in cell lines in culture, COMMD protein deficiency induced minimal changes in ATP7A in enterocytes and did not lead to altered copper levels under low- or high-copper diets, suggesting that regulation of ATP7A in enterocytes is not of physiological consequence. By contrast, deficiency of any of three COMMD genes (Commd1, Commd6 or Commd9) resulted in hepatic copper accumulation under high-copper diets. We found that each of these deficiencies caused destabilization of the entire CCC complex and suggest that this might explain their shared phenotype. Overall, we conclude that the CCC complex plays an important role in ATP7B endosomal recycling and function. Summary: Examination of copper homeostasis in enterocyte-specific and hepatocyte-specific COMMD gene-deficient mice revealed that homologs of COMMD1, which has been linked previously by genetic studies to copper regulation, also regulate copper handling in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amika Singla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alina Fedoseienko
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Division of Oncology Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Melinde Wijers
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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14
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Takemura S, Isonishi A, Tanaka T, Okuda H, Tatsumi K, Yamano M, Wanaka A. Neural expression of sorting nexin 25 and its regulation of tyrosine receptor kinase B trafficking. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2615-2642. [PMID: 32955616 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sorting nexin 25 (SNX25) belongs to the sorting nexin superfamily, whose members are responsible for membrane attachment to organelles of the endocytic system. Recent reports point to critical roles for SNX25 as a negative regulator of transforming growth factor β signaling, but the expression patterns of SNX25 in the central nervous system (CNS) remain almost uncharacterized. Here, we show widespread neuronal expression of SNX25 protein and Snx25 mRNA using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. As an exception, SNX25 was present in the Bergmann glia of the cerebellum. SNX25 immunoreactivity was found in cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons. Moreover, SNX25 colocalized with tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the neurons of the cortex and hippocampus. In vitro, SNX25 can interact with full-length TrkB, but not with its C-terminal-truncated isoform. Overexpression of SNX25 accelerated degradation of full-lengh TrkB, indicating that SNX25 promotes the trafficking of TrkB for lysosomal degradation. These findings suggest that SNX25 is a new actor in endocytic signaling, perhaps contributing to the regulation of BDNF-TrkB signaling in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Takemura
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Ayami Isonishi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,Center for Diversity and Inclusion, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tatsuhide Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Kouko Tatsumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamano
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Akio Wanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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15
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Witte L, Linnemannstöns K, Schmidt K, Honemann-Capito M, Grawe F, Wodarz A, Gross JC. The kinesin motor Klp98A mediates apical to basal Wg transport. Development 2020; 147:dev.186833. [PMID: 32665246 PMCID: PMC7438014 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Development and tissue homeostasis rely on the tight regulation of morphogen secretion. In the Drosophila wing imaginal disc epithelium, Wg secretion for long-range signal transduction occurs after apical Wg entry into the endosomal system, followed by secretory endosomal transport. Although Wg release appears to occur from the apical and basal cell sides, its exact post-endocytic fate and the functional relevance of polarized endosomal Wg trafficking are poorly understood. Here, we identify the kinesin-3 family member Klp98A as the master regulator of intracellular Wg transport after apical endocytosis. In the absence of Klp98A, functional mature endosomes accumulate in the apical cytosol, and endosome transport to the basal cytosol is perturbed. Despite the resulting Wg mislocalization, Wg signal transduction occurs normally. We conclude that transcytosis-independent routes for Wg trafficking exist and demonstrate that Wg can be recycled apically via Rab4-recycling endosomes in the absence of Klp98A. Summary: In the polarized wing disc epithelium of Drosophila, Kinesin-like protein 98A mediates transcytosis of multivesicular endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Witte
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Karen Linnemannstöns
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Schmidt
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mona Honemann-Capito
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Grawe
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Wodarz
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Christina Gross
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany .,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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16
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Sparvoli D, Zoltner M, Cheng CY, Field MC, Turkewitz AP. Diversification of CORVET tethers facilitates transport complexity in Tetrahymena thermophila. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs238659. [PMID: 31964712 PMCID: PMC7033735 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In endolysosomal networks, two hetero-hexameric tethers called HOPS and CORVET are found widely throughout eukaryotes. The unicellular ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila possesses elaborate endolysosomal structures, but curiously both it and related protozoa lack the HOPS tether and several other trafficking proteins, while retaining the related CORVET complex. Here, we show that Tetrahymena encodes multiple paralogs of most CORVET subunits, which assemble into six distinct complexes. Each complex has a unique subunit composition and, significantly, shows unique localization, indicating participation in distinct pathways. One pair of complexes differ by a single subunit (Vps8), but have late endosomal versus recycling endosome locations. While Vps8 subunits are thus prime determinants for targeting and functional specificity, determinants exist on all subunits except Vps11. This unprecedented expansion and diversification of CORVET provides a potent example of tether flexibility, and illustrates how 'backfilling' following secondary losses of trafficking genes can provide a mechanism for evolution of new pathways.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sparvoli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, 920 E 58th Street, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Martin Zoltner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Chao-Yin Cheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, 920 E 58th Street, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mark C Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron P Turkewitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, 920 E 58th Street, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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17
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Belda-Palazón B, Rodriguez PL. Degradation of Abscisic Acid Receptors Through the Endosomal Pathway. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2177:35-48. [PMID: 32632803 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0767-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Turnover of membrane proteins or soluble proteins associated to plasma membrane involves clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), endosomal trafficking, and vacuolar degradation. Thus, endocytic and endosomal trafficking regulate numerous physiological processes, including mineral transport, hormone signaling, and pathogen response. Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling is triggered upon ABA perception by PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1 (PYR1)/PYR1-LIKE (PYL)/REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS (RCAR), which are soluble proteins that can associate to membrane by interaction with members of the C2-domain ABA-related (CAR) protein family and the RING finger of seed longevity (RSL1) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Half-life of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors is regulated by ubiquitination and degradation in different subcellular compartments. In particular, pharmacological, genetic, and cell biology approaches have been used to study the different steps that encompass from CME to receptor degradation in the vacuole. In this chapter, we will focus on (1) coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays of clathrin heavy chain (CHC) subunits together with HA-tagged PYL4 ABA receptor and (2) analysis of PYL4 delivery to the vacuole using the TMD23-Ub marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Belda-Palazón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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18
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Cruz L, Arevalo Romero JA, Brandão Prado M, Santos TG, Hohmuth Lopes M. Evidence of Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis and Release in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:262-76. [PMID: 29032399 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are considered a source of bioactive molecules that modulate their microenvironment by acting on intercellular communication. Either intracellular endosomal machinery or their derived EVs have been considered a relevant system of signal circuits processing. Herein, we show that these features are found in mESCs. Ultrastructural analysis revealed structures and organelles of the endosomal system such as coated pits and endocytosis-related vesicles, prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) containing either few or many intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that could be released as exosomes to extracellular milieu. Besides, budding vesicles shed from the plasma membrane to the extracellular space is suggestive of microvesicle biogenesis in mESCs. mESCs and mouse blastocyst express specific markers of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) system. Ultrastructural analysis and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) of isolated EVs revealed a heterogeneous population of exosomes and microvesicles released by mESCs. These vesicles contain Wnt10b and the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4) and also the co-chaperone stress inducible protein 1 (STI1) and its partner Hsp90. Wnt10b and Dll4 colocalize with EVs biogenesis markers in mESCs. Overall, the present study supports the function of the mESCs endocytic network and their EVs as players in stem cell biology.
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19
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Piano Mortari E, Folgiero V, Marcellini V, Romania P, Bellacchio E, D'Alicandro V, Bocci C, Carrozzo R, Martinelli D, Petrini S, Axiotis E, Farroni C, Locatelli F, Schara U, Pilz D, Jungbluth H, Dionisi-Vici C, Carsetti R. The Vici syndrome protein EPG5 regulates intracellular nucleic acid trafficking linking autophagy to innate and adaptive immunity. Autophagy 2018; 14:22-37. [PMID: 29130391 PMCID: PMC5846549 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1389356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vici syndrome is a human inherited multi-system disorder caused by recessive mutations in EPG5, encoding the EPG5 protein that mediates the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Immunodeficiency characterized by lack of memory B cells and increased susceptibility to infection is an integral part of the condition, but the role of EPG5 in the immune system remains unknown. Here we show that EPG5 is indispensable for the transport of the TLR9 ligand CpG to the late endosomal-lysosomal compartment, and for TLR9-initiated signaling, a step essential for the survival of human memory B cells and their ultimate differentiation into plasma cells. Moreover, the predicted structure of EPG5 includes a membrane remodeling domain and a karyopherin-like domain, thus explaining its function as a carrier between separate vesicular compartments. Our findings indicate that EPG5, by controlling nucleic acids intracellular trafficking, links macroautophagy/autophagy to innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Piano Mortari
- B cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Folgiero
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Marcellini
- B cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P. Romania
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Bellacchio
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - V. D'Alicandro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Bocci
- B cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Carrozzo
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy core facility, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Axiotis
- B cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Farroni
- B cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - U. Schara
- 41 Pediatric Neurology, University Childrens Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D.T. Pilz
- West of Scotland Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - H. Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, King's College, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College, London, UK
| | - C. Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Carsetti
- B cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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20
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Duce JA, Wong BX, Durham H, Devedjian JC, Smith DP, Devos D. Post translational changes to α-synuclein control iron and dopamine trafficking; a concept for neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:45. [PMID: 28592304 PMCID: PMC5463308 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, the aetiology of which remains elusive. The primary clinical feature of progressively impaired motor control is caused by a loss of midbrain substantia nigra dopamine neurons that have a high α-synuclein (α-syn) and iron content. α-Syn is a neuronal protein that is highly modified post-translationally and central to the Lewy body neuropathology of the disease. This review provides an overview of findings on the role post translational modifications to α-syn have in membrane binding and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, we propose a concept in which acetylation and phosphorylation of α-syn modulate endocytic import of iron and vesicle transport of dopamine during normal physiology. Disregulated phosphorylation and oxidation of α-syn mediate iron and dopamine dependent oxidative stress through impaired cellular location and increase propensity for α-syn aggregation. The proposition highlights a connection between α-syn, iron and dopamine, three pathological components associated with disease progression in sporadic Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Duce
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK. .,Oxidation Biology Unit, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bruce X Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,Oxidation Biology Unit, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Durham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - David P Smith
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM U1171, CHU of Lille, Lille, France
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21
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Mestres I, Chuang JZ, Calegari F, Conde C, Sung CH. SARA regulates neuronal migration during neocortical development through L1 trafficking. Development 2016; 143:3143-53. [PMID: 27471254 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that endocytic trafficking of adhesion proteins plays a crucial role in neuronal migration during neocortical development. However, molecular insights into these processes remain elusive. Here, we study the early endosomal protein Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) in the developing mouse brain. SARA is enriched at the apical endfeet of radial glia of the neocortex. Although SARA knockdown did not lead to detectable neurogenic phenotypes, SARA-suppressed neurons exhibited impaired orientation and migration across the intermediate zone. Mechanistically, we show that SARA knockdown neurons exhibit increased surface expression of the L1 cell adhesion molecule. Neurons ectopically expressing L1 phenocopy the migration and orientation defects caused by SARA knockdown and display increased contact with neighboring neurites. L1 knockdown effectively rescues SARA suppression-induced phenotypes. SARA knockdown neurons eventually overcome their migration defect and enter later into the cortical plate. Nevertheless, these neurons localize at more superficial cortical layers than their control counterparts. These results suggest that SARA regulates the orientation, multipolar-to-bipolar transition and the positioning of cortical neurons via modulating surface L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Mestres
- INIMEC, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba UNC, Friuli 2434-5016, Córdoba, Argentina DFG-Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Cluster of Excellence, TU-Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Federico Calegari
- DFG-Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Cluster of Excellence, TU-Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Cecilia Conde
- INIMEC, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba UNC, Friuli 2434-5016, Córdoba, Argentina Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Schröder B. The multifaceted roles of the invariant chain CD74--More than just a chaperone. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1863:1269-81. [PMID: 27033518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The invariant chain (CD74) is well known for its essential role in antigen presentation by mediating assembly and subcellular trafficking of the MHCII complex. Beyond this, CD74 has also been implicated in a number of processes independent of MHCII. These include the regulation of endosomal trafficking, cell migration and cellular signalling as surface receptor of the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). In several forms of cancer, CD74 is up-regulated and associated with enhanced proliferation and metastatic potential. In this review, an overview of the diverse biological functions of the CD74 protein is provided with a particular focus on how these may be regulated. In particular, proteolysis of CD74 will be discussed as a central mechanism to control the actions of this important protein at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schröder
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Wang W, Kiyoshi CM, Du Y, Ma B, Alford CC, Chen H, Zhou M. mGluR3 Activation Recruits Cytoplasmic TWIK-1 Channels to Membrane that Enhances Ammonium Uptake in Hippocampal Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6169-6182. [PMID: 26553349 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
TWIK-1 two-pore domain K+ channels are highly expressed in mature hippocampal astrocytes. While the TWIK-1 activity is readily detectable on astrocyte membrane, the majority of channels are retained in the intracellular compartments, which raises an intriguing question of whether the membrane TWIK-1 channels could be dynamically regulated for functions yet unknown. Here, the regulation of TWIK-1 membrane expression by Gi/Go-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) and its functional impact on ammonium uptake has been studied. Activation of mGluR3 induced a marked translocation of TWIK-1 channels from the cytoplasm to the membrane surface. Consistent with our early observation that membrane TWIK-1 behaves as nonselective monovalent cation channel, mGluR3-mediated TWIK-1 membrane expression was associated with a depolarizing membrane potential (V M). As TWIK-1 exhibits a discernibly high permeability to ammonium (NH4+), a critical substrate in glutamate-glutamine cycle for neurotransmitter replenishment, regulation of NH4+ uptake capacity by TWIK-1 membrane expression was determined by response of astrocyte V M to bath application of 5 mM NH4Cl. Stimulation of mGluR3 potentiated NH4+-induced V M depolarization by ∼30 % in wild type, but not in TWIK-1 knockout astrocytes. Furthermore, activation of mGluR3 mediated a coordinated translocation of TWIK-1 channels with recycling endosomes toward astrocyte membrane and the mGluR3-mediated potentiation of NH4+ uptake required a functional Rab-mediated trafficking pathway. Altogether, we demonstrate that the activation of mGluR3 up-regulates the membrane expression of TWIK-1 that in turn enhances NH4+ uptake in astrocytes, a mechanism potentially important for functional coupling of astrocyte glutamate-glutamine cycle with the replenishment of neurotransmitters in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Conrad M Kiyoshi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yixing Du
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Baofeng Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Catherine C Alford
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Haijun Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Tower-Gilchrist C, Styers ML, Yoder BK, Berbari NF, Sztul E. Monitoring endosomal trafficking of the g protein-coupled receptor somatostatin receptor 3. Methods Enzymol 2014; 534:261-80. [PMID: 24359959 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397926-1.00015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulates the number of cell surface receptors available for activation by agonists and serves as one mechanism that controls the intensity and duration of signaling. Deregulation of GPCR-mediated signaling pathways results in a multitude of diseases, and thus extensive efforts have been directed toward understanding the pathways and molecular events that regulate endocytic trafficking of these receptors. The general paradigms associated with internalization and recycling, as well as many of the key regulators involved in endosomal trafficking of GPCRs have been identified. This knowledge provides goalposts to facilitate the analysis of endosomal pathways traversed by previously uncharacterized GPCRs. Some of the most informative markers associated with GPCR transit are the Rab members of the Ras-related family of small GTPases. Individual Rabs show high selectivity for distinct endosomal compartments, and thus colocalization of a GPCR with a particular Rab informs on the internalization pathway traversed by the receptor. Progress in our knowledge of endosomal trafficking of GPCRs has been achieved through advances in our ability to tag GPCRs and Rabs with fluorescent proteins and perform live cell imaging of multiple fluorophores, allowing real-time observation of receptor trafficking between subcellular compartments in a cell culture model.
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Fay N, Panté N. The intermediate filament network protein, vimentin, is required for parvoviral infection. Virology 2013; 444:181-90. [PMID: 23838001 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) have recently been shown to serve novel roles during infection by many viruses. Here we have begun to study the role of IFs during the early steps of infection by the parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM). We found that during early infection with MVM, after endosomal escape, the vimentin IF network was considerably altered, yielding collapsed immunofluorescence staining near the nuclear periphery. Furthermore, we found that vimentin plays an important role in the life cycle of MVM. The number of cells, which successfully replicated MVM, was reduced in infected cells in which the vimentin network was genetically or pharmacologically modified; viral endocytosis, however, remained unaltered. Perinuclear accumulation of MVM-containing vesicles was reduced in cells lacking vimentin. Our data suggests that vimentin is required for the MVM life cycle, presenting possibly a dual role: (1) following MVM escape from endosomes and (2) during endosomal trafficking of MVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikta Fay
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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Shapira I, Lee A, Vora R, Budman DR. P53 mutations in triple negative breast cancer upregulate endosomal recycling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) increasing its oncogenic potency. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:284-92. [PMID: 23755891 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no available targeted therapy for triple-negative or its more aggressive subtype, basal-like breast cancer. Multiple therapeutic strategies based on translational knowledge have not improved the treatment options for triple negative patients. As understanding of molecular pathways that drive tumor development is rapidly increasing, it is imperative to adapt our treatment strategies to perturbations in molecular pathways driving the malignant process. Basal-like breast cancers over-express EGFR (without mutations or EGFR gene amplifications) and have p53 mutations. While EGFR drives the malignant behavior in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), anti-EGFR therapies have fallen short of the expected results in clinical trials. Here we bring evidence that the less than optimal results of the anti-EGFR therapies may be explained in part by the increased potency of the EGFR signaling due to increased endosomal recycling. The functional connection between EGFR and endosomal trafficking in TNBC is mutant p53 found in the most aggressive forms of TNBC. Mutant p53 acquires oncogenic functions and binds p63 protein, a member of p53 family with tumor suppressor activities. In the absence of functional p63 there is an upregulation of endosomal recycling EGFR and integrin to the membrane with increased proinvasive abilities of cancer cells. Blocking endosomal trafficking combined with anti-EGFR treatments may result in better clinical outcomes in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Shapira
- Monter Cancer Center, Don Monti Division of Oncology, Division of Hematology, Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, United States.
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