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Hazawa M, Ikliptikawati DK, Iwashima Y, Lin DC, Jiang Y, Qiu Y, Makiyama K, Matsumoto K, Kobayashi A, Nishide G, Keesiang L, Yoshino H, Minamoto T, Suzuki T, Kobayashi I, Meguro-Horike M, Jiang YY, Nishiuchi T, Konno H, Koeffler HP, Hosomichi K, Tajima A, Horike SI, Wong RW. Super-enhancer trapping by the nuclear pore via intrinsically disordered regions of proteins in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:792-804.e7. [PMID: 37924814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Master transcription factors such as TP63 establish super-enhancers (SEs) to drive core transcriptional networks in cancer cells, yet the spatiotemporal regulation of SEs within the nucleus remains unknown. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) may tether SEs to the nuclear pore where RNA export rates are maximal. Here, we report that NUP153, a component of the NPC, anchors SEs to the NPC and enhances TP63 expression by maximizing mRNA export. This anchoring is mediated through protein-protein interaction between the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of NUP153 and the coactivator BRD4. Silencing of NUP153 excludes SEs from the nuclear periphery, decreases TP63 expression, impairs cellular growth, and induces epidermal differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma. Overall, this work reveals the critical roles of NUP153 IDRs in the regulation of SE localization, thus providing insights into a new layer of gene regulation at the epigenomic and spatial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Laboratory of molecular cell biology, School of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Dini Kurnia Ikliptikawati
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwashima
- Laboratory of molecular cell biology, School of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R.China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R.China
| | - Yujia Qiu
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kei Makiyama
- Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Koki Matsumoto
- Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Goro Nishide
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Lim Keesiang
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshino
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Makiko Meguro-Horike
- Advanced Science Research Center, Institute for Gene Research, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yan-Yi Jiang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R.China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R.China
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Integrated Omics research, Bioscience Core Facility Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroki Konno
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Horike
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Advanced Science Research Center, Institute for Gene Research, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Richard W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Laboratory of molecular cell biology, School of Natural System, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Alkhayyat R, Abbas A, Quinn CM, Rakha EA. Tumour 63 protein ( p63) in breast pathology: biology, immunohistochemistry, diagnostic applications, and pitfalls. Histopathology 2024; 84:723-741. [PMID: 38012539 DOI: 10.1111/his.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumour protein 63 (p63) is a transcription factor of the p53 gene family, encoded by the TP63 gene located at chromosome 3q28, which regulates the activity of genes involved in growth and development of the ectoderm and derived tissues. p63 protein is normally expressed in the nuclei of the basal cell layer of glandular organs, including breast, in squamous epithelium and in urothelium. p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining has several applications in diagnostic breast pathology. It is commonly used to demonstrate myoepithelial cells at the epithelial stromal interface to differentiate benign and in situ lesions from invasive carcinoma and to characterize and classify papillary lesions including the distinction of breast intraduct papilloma from skin hidradenoma. p63 IHC is also used to identify and profile lesions showing myoepithelial cell and/or squamous differentiation, e.g. adenomyoepithelioma, salivary gland-like tumours including adenoid cystic carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma including low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma. This article reviews the applications of p63 IHC in diagnostic breast pathology and outlines a practical approach to the diagnosis and characterization of breast lesions through the identification of normal and abnormal p63 protein expression. The biology of p63, the range of available antibodies with emphasis on staining specificity and sensitivity, and pitfalls in interpretation are also discussed. The TP63 gene in humans, which shows a specific genomic structure, resulting in either TAp63 (p63) isoform or ΔNp63 (p40) isoform. As illustrated in the figure, both isoforms contain a DNA-binding domain (Orange box) and an oligomerization domain (Grey box). TAp63 contains an N-terminal transactivation (TA) domain (Green box), while ΔNp63 has an alternative terminus (Yellow box). Antibodies against conventional pan-p63 (TP63) bind to the DNA binding domain common to both isoforms (TAp63 and p40) and does not distinguish between them. Antibodies against TAp63 bind to the N-terminal TA domain, while antibodies specific to ΔNp63 (p40) bind to the alternative terminus. Each isoform has variant isotypes (α, β, γ, δ, and ε).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Alkhayyat
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Areeg Abbas
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cecily M Quinn
- Irish National Breast Screening Program, Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Droll SH, Zhang BJ, Levine MC, Xue C, Ho PJ, Bao X. CASZ1 Is Essential for Skin Epidermal Terminal Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00172-6. [PMID: 38458428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The barrier function of skin epidermis is crucial for our bodies to interface with the environment. Because epidermis continuously turns over throughout the lifetime, this barrier must be actively maintained by regeneration. Although several transcription factors have been established as essential activators in epidermal differentiation, it is unclear whether additional factors remain to be identified. In this study, we show that CASZ1, a multi zinc-finger transcription factor previously characterized in nonepithelial cell types, shows highest expression in skin epidermis. CASZ1 expression is upregulated during epidermal terminal differentiation. In addition, CASZ1 expression is impaired in several skin disorders with impaired barrier function, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and squamous cell carcinoma. Using transcriptome profiling coupled with RNA interference, we identified 674 differentially expressed genes with CASZ1 knockdown. Downregulated genes account for 91.2% of these differentially expressed genes and were enriched for barrier function. In organotypic epidermal regeneration, CASZ1 knockdown promoted proliferation and strongly impaired multiple terminal differentiation markers. Mechanistically, we found that CASZ1 upregulation in differentiation requires the action of both the master transcription factor, p63, and the histone acetyltransferase, p300. Taken together, our findings identify CASZ1 as an essential activator of epidermal differentiation, paving the way for future studies understanding of CASZ1 roles in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephenie H Droll
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Benny J Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Maxwell C Levine
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Celia Xue
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Patric J Ho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Vella L, Sternjakob A, Lohse S, Fingerle A, Sperling T, Wickenhauser C, Stöckle M, Vogt T, Roemer K, Ołdak M, Smola S. The cutaneous beta human papillomavirus type 8 E6 protein induces CCL2 through the CEBPα/miR-203/ p63 pathway to support an inflammatory microenvironment in epidermodysplasia verruciformis skin lesions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1336492. [PMID: 38510961 PMCID: PMC10953690 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1336492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 8 (HPV8), a cutaneous genus beta HPV type, has co-carcinogenic potential at sun-exposed sites in patients suffering from the inherited skin disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). We had previously shown that Langerhans cells responsible for epithelial immunosurveillance were strongly reduced at infected sites and that the HPV8 E7 protein interferes with the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)β to suppress the Langerhans cell chemokine CCL20. At the same time, however, we observed that EV lesions are heavily infiltrated with inflammatory immune cells, which is similar to the situation in HPV8 E6 transgenic mice. To identify critical inflammatory factors, we used a broad multiplex approach and found that the monocyte attracting chemokine CCL2 was significantly and strongly induced by HPV8 E6 but not E7-expressing HaCaT cells, which were used as a model for UV-damaged skin keratinocytes. Conditioned media from HPV8 E6-expressing keratinocytes enhanced CCL2-receptor (CCR2)-dependent monocyte recruitment in vitro, and macrophages predominated in the stroma but were also detected in the epidermal compartment of EV lesions in vivo. CCL2 induction by HPV8 E6 was even stronger than stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and both HPV8 E6 and TNF-α resulted in substantial suppression of the transcription factor C/EBPα. Using RNAi-mediated knockdown and overexpression approaches, we demonstrated a mechanistic role of the recently identified C/EBPα/miR-203/p63 pathway for HPV8 E6-mediated CCL2 induction at protein and transcriptional levels. Epithelial co-expression of p63 and CCL2 was confirmed in HPV8 E6-expressing organotypic air-liquid interface cultures and in lesional EV epidermis in vivo. In summary, our data demonstrate that HPV8 oncoproteins actively deregulate epidermal immune homeostasis through modulation of C/EBP factor-dependent pathways. While HPV8 E7 suppresses immunosurveillance required for viral persistence, the present study provides evidence that E6 involves the stemness-promoting factor p63 to support an inflammatory microenvironment that may fuel carcinogenesis in EV lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vella
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anna Sternjakob
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lohse
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alina Fingerle
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tanya Sperling
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Michael Stöckle
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Roemer
- Jose Carreras Center for Immune and Gene Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Fondevila MF, Novoa E, Gonzalez-Rellan MJ, Fernandez U, Heras V, Porteiro B, Parracho T, Dorta V, Riobello C, da Silva Lima N, Seoane S, Garcia-Vence M, Chantada-Vazquez MP, Bravo SB, Senra A, Leiva M, Marcos M, Sabio G, Perez-Fernandez R, Dieguez C, Prevot V, Schwaninger M, Woodhoo A, Martinez-Chantar ML, Schwabe R, Cubero FJ, Varela-Rey M, Crespo J, Iruzubieta P, Nogueiras R. p63 controls metabolic activation of hepatic stellate cells and fibrosis via an HER2-ACC1 pathway. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101401. [PMID: 38340725 PMCID: PMC10897550 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The p63 protein has pleiotropic functions and, in the liver, participates in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its functions in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have not yet been explored. TAp63 is induced in HSCs from animal models and patients with liver fibrosis and its levels positively correlate with NAFLD activity score and fibrosis stage. In mice, genetic depletion of TAp63 in HSCs reduces the diet-induced liver fibrosis. In vitro silencing of p63 blunts TGF-β1-induced HSCs activation by reducing mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, as well as decreasing acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Ectopic expression of TAp63 induces the activation of HSCs and increases the expression and activity of ACC1 by promoting the transcriptional activity of HER2. Genetic inhibition of both HER2 and ACC1 blunt TAp63-induced activation of HSCs. Thus, TAp63 induces HSC activation by stimulating the HER2-ACC1 axis and participates in the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos F Fondevila
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Eva Novoa
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria J Gonzalez-Rellan
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Uxia Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Begoña Porteiro
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tamara Parracho
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Valentina Dorta
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Riobello
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Natalia da Silva Lima
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Vence
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria P Chantada-Vazquez
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology, & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- University of Salamanca, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roman Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- University of Lübeck, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ashwin Woodhoo
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Robert Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Francisco J Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology, & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Varela-Rey
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Galicia Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Sloboda T, Hudec L, Halinkovič M, Benesova W. Attention-Enhanced Unpaired xAI-GANs for Transformation of Histological Stain Images. J Imaging 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38392081 PMCID: PMC10889577 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Histological staining is the primary method for confirming cancer diagnoses, but certain types, such as p63 staining, can be expensive and potentially damaging to tissues. In our research, we innovate by generating p63-stained images from H&E-stained slides for metaplastic breast cancer. This is a crucial development, considering the high costs and tissue risks associated with direct p63 staining. Our approach employs an advanced CycleGAN architecture, xAI-CycleGAN, enhanced with context-based loss to maintain structural integrity. The inclusion of convolutional attention in our model distinguishes between structural and color details more effectively, thus significantly enhancing the visual quality of the results. This approach shows a marked improvement over the base xAI-CycleGAN and standard CycleGAN models, offering the benefits of a more compact network and faster training even with the inclusion of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Sloboda
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technology, Slovak Technical University, Ilkovičova 2, 842 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Hudec
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technology, Slovak Technical University, Ilkovičova 2, 842 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Halinkovič
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technology, Slovak Technical University, Ilkovičova 2, 842 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Wanda Benesova
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technology, Slovak Technical University, Ilkovičova 2, 842 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ragnoli B, Fusco F, Pignatti P, Cena T, Valente G, Malerba M. Bronchial Progenitor Cells in Obstructive and Neoplastic Lung Disease: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:609. [PMID: 38276115 PMCID: PMC10816161 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The alteration of progenitor/stem cells present in the airway epithelium has been observed in patients with COPD. Smoking exposure induces remodeling patterns in bronchial progenitor cells (BPCs), encompassing squamous metaplasia, hyperplasia of basal and of mucus-secreting cells, and the depletion of ciliated and non-mucous secretory cells. Our aim was to assess the expression of p63 and vimentin as potential markers of airway remodeling and the regulation of stem cell populations in obstructive and neoplastic lung disease patients. A retrospective single-center observational study was conducted, including patients undergoing bronchoscopy with bronchial biopsies for suspected lung cancer. p63 and vimentin expression were evaluated via immunohistochemical analysis. There were 25 patients, of which 21 with COPD were included, and 17 were diagnosed with lung cancer. We observed that FEV1% was negatively correlated with p63+ basal cell number (r = -0.614, p = 0.019) and positively correlated with vimentin expression (r = 0.670; p = 0.008). p63 was significantly higher in biopsies from the trachea and main bronchi compared to more distal areas (p = 0.040), whereas vimentin was prevalent in the more distal areas (p = 0.042). Our preliminary data suggest the initial evidence of structural changes in BPCs among patients with COPD and lung cancer. Further research efforts are warranted to investigate additional morphologic and functional respiratory parameters in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Fusco
- Laboratory of Pathology, Az. Ospedaliera Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Cena
- Epidemiological Observatory Service, ASL VC, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Guido Valente
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Traslational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Mario Malerba
- Respiratory Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Traslational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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8
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Qayum A, Khan MWZ, Arshad AR, Hasnain S, Tariq MD, Khan S, Ullah S. A Rare Case of P63-Negative Sinonasal Nut Midline Carcinoma in the Elderly. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2024; 11:004265. [PMID: 38352806 PMCID: PMC10860909 DOI: 10.12890/2024_004265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma arises from squamous cells and is often located in the head, neck, and lungs. This report focuses on the negative p63 mutation and older age at the diagnosis of a NUT carcinoma, which has significant prognostic implications. A 62-year-old patient presented initially with a three-year history of recurring frontal headaches, intermittent nasal bleeding, and a sensation of a nasal cavity mass. An incisional biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated NUT carcinoma in the left maxillary sinus. A functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed, but the cancer recurred. As a result, a total maxillectomy was performed, and the patient was declared cancer-free with no evidence of residual disease. This is a rare instance of a p63-negative midline NUT cell carcinoma (NCC) in an elderly patient, which could potentially contribute to a more favourable prognosis and longer survival compared to other reported cases. LEARNING POINTS Molecular analysis of a NUT carcinoma and age at diagnosis may serve as a potential means for predicting patient prognosis in cases of midline NCC.Each patient should receive careful monitoring and a personalised treatment strategy based on their molecular studies. Surgical resection, along with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, has the potential to improve overall survival rates.In line with the commonly observed relationship between increased p63 mutation and poorer survival rates, a negative p63 expression in squamous cell carcinomas may indicate a more favorable prognosis. This hypothesis highlights the importance of further research to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Qayum
- Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - Salman Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital/Northwell Health, Staten Island, USA
| | - Shakir Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, USA
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9
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SUMI A, CHAMBERS JK, ITO S, KOJIMA K, OMACHI T, DOI M, UCHIDA K. Different expression patterns of p63 and p73 in Felis catus papillomavirus type 2-associated feline Merkel cell carcinomas and other epidermal carcinomas. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:39-48. [PMID: 38030281 PMCID: PMC10849848 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor, and more than 90% of feline MCC cases test positive for Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2). In the present study, basal cell markers p40, p63, and p73 and the stem cell marker SOX2 and cytokeratin 14 (CK14) were immunohistochemically examined in normal fetal, infant, and adult feline skin tissues. The expression of these proteins was examined in tumors positive for FcaPV2, including MCC, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Infant and adult feline skin tissues had mature Merkel cells, which were CK14-, CK18+, CK20+, SOX2+, synaptophysin+ and CD56+, while fetal skin tissue had no mature Merkel cells. MCC was immunopositive for p73, CK18, and SOX2 in 32/32 cases, and immunonegative for CK14 in 31/32 cases and for p40 and p63 in 32/32 cases. These results indicate that MCC exhibits different immunophenotypes from Merkel cells (p73-) and basal cells (p40+, p63+, and SOX2-). In contrast, all 3 BCCs, 1 BISC, and 2 SCCs were immunopositive for the basal cell markers p40, p63, and p73. The life cycle of papillomavirus is closely associated with the differentiation of infected basal cells, which requires the transcription factor p63. Changes in p63 expression in FcaPV2-positive MCC may be associated with unique cytokeratin expression patterns (CK14-, CK18+, and CK20+). Furthermore, SOX2 appears to be involved in Merkel cell differentiation in cats, similar to humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi SUMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soma ITO
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro KOJIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaki DOI
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Patho-Labo, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Zekušić M, Bujić Mihica M, Skoko M, Vukušić K, Risteski P, Martinčić J, Tolić IM, Bendelja K, Ramić S, Dolenec T, Vrgoč Zimić I, Puljić D, Petric Vicković I, Iveković R, Batarilo I, Prosenc Zmrzljak U, Hoffmeister A, Vučemilo T. New characterization and safety evaluation of human limbal stem cells used in clinical application: fidelity of mitotic process and mitotic spindle morphologies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:368. [PMID: 38093301 PMCID: PMC10720168 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limbal stem cells (LSCs) are crucial for the regeneration of the corneal epithelium in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Thus, LSCs during cultivation in vitro should be in highly homogeneous amounts, while potency and expression of stemness without tumorigenesis would be desirable. Therefore, further characterization and safety evaluation of engineered limbal grafts is required to provide safe and high-quality therapeutic applications. METHODS After in vitro expansion, LSCs undergo laboratory characterization in a single-cell suspension, cell culture, and in limbal grafts before transplantation. Using a clinically applicable protocol, the data collected on LSCs at passage 1 were summarized, including: identity (cell size, morphology); potency (yield, viability, population doubling time, colony-forming efficiency); expression of putative stem cell markers through flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Then, mitotic chromosome stability and normal mitotic outcomes were explored by using live-cell imaging. Finally, impurities, bacterial endotoxins and sterility were determined. RESULTS Expression of the stemness marker p63 in single-cell suspension and in cell culture showed high values by different methods. Limbal grafts showed p63-positive cells (78.7 ± 9.4%), Ki67 proliferation (41.7 ± 15.9%), while CK3 was negative. Impurity with 3T3 feeder cells and endotoxins was minimized. We presented mitotic spindles with a length of 11.40 ± 0.54 m and a spindle width of 8.05 ± 0.55 m as new characterization in LSC culture. Additionally, live-cell imaging of LSCs (n = 873) was performed, and only a small fraction < 2.5% of aberrant interphase cells was observed; 2.12 ± 2.10% of mitotic spindles exhibited a multipolar phenotype during metaphase, and 3.84 ± 3.77% of anaphase cells had a DNA signal present within the spindle midzone, indicating a chromosome bridge or lagging chromosome phenotype. CONCLUSION This manuscript provides, for the first time, detailed characterization of the parameters of fidelity of the mitotic process and mitotic spindle morphologies of LSCs used in a direct clinical application. Our data show that p63-positive CK3-negative LSCs grown in vitro for clinical purposes undergo mitotic processes with extremely high fidelity, suggesting high karyotype stability. This finding confirms LSCs as a high-quality and safe therapy for eye regeneration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zekušić
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Bujić Mihica
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Skoko
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kruno Vukušić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrik Risteski
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Martinčić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva M Tolić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešo Bendelja
- Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Laboratory of Immunology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Ramić
- Department of Oncological Pathology and Clinical Cytology 'Ljudevit Jurak', University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Dolenec
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vrgoč Zimić
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominik Puljić
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Petric Vicković
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Iveković
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Batarilo
- Department of Microbiology, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Uršula Prosenc Zmrzljak
- Molecular Biology Department, BIA Separations CRO, Labena d.O.O, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Labena d.o.o, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Tiha Vučemilo
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Wieland R, Adhikari P, North J. The utility of p63, CK7, and CAM5.2 staining in differentiating pagetoid intraepidermal carcinomas. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:1110-1115. [PMID: 37203381 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD), pagetoid squamous cell carcinoma in situ (PSCCIS), and Paget disease of the breast (PD) are intraepidermal carcinomas with overlapping histopathologic features. CK7 and CAM5.2 stains are frequently utilized to distinguish PSCCIS from EMPD and PD. However, some cases of PSCCIS can stain positively for CAM5.2 and CK7, indicating a potential pitfall with these stains. p63 has been shown to distinguish PSCCIS from EMPD. We assessed p63 staining in PD and compared it to p63 staining of PSCCIS and EMPD. METHODS A retrospective search for 15 examples each of PSCCIS, EMPD, and PD with remaining tissue in the paraffin block was performed. The diagnosis was confirmed by a board-certified dermatopathologist and immunostaining for p63, CK7, and CAM5.2 was performed. Staining >55% was scored as positive. Staining <55% was scored as negative and an approximate percentage of positive cells was recorded. RESULTS Diffuse nuclear expression for p63 was detected in 100% (15/15) of PSCCIS cases, 0% (0/15) of PD cases, and 0% (0/15) of EMPD cases. CK7 and CAM5.2 stains were positive in 100% of PD. CAM5.2 was positive in 100% of EMPD and CK7 was positive in 93% of EMPD. CAM5.2 was positive in 0% of PSCCIS biopsy specimens, but partial staining was seen in 20%. CK7 was positive in 13%, but partial staining was seen in 47%. CONCLUSIONS p63 immunostaining is a highly sensitive and specific method for differentiating between PSCCIS and PD or EMPD. While CAM5.2 and CK7 are also useful ancillary stains in this differential diagnosis, false-positive and false-negative staining occurs with these two markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Wieland
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Prajesh Adhikari
- Department of Pathology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeffrey North
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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12
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Omari S, Lee H, Wang J, Zeng SX, Lu H. Extracellular and intracellular functions of coiled-coil domain containing 3. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad037. [PMID: 37263799 PMCID: PMC10849165 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil domain containing 3 (CCDC3, also called Favine) is a highly conserved protein initially identified as a protein secreted from adipocytes and endothelial cells in the vascular system with endocrine-like functions. Recently, CCDC3 was also found to function as a nuclear tumor suppressor in breast cancers. Although it is still understudied, CCDC3, since its discovery, has been shown to play multiple roles in lipid metabolism, fatty liver, abdominal obesity, anti-inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cancer. This essay is thus composed to offer an overview of these extracellular endocrine-like and intracellular (nuclear) functions of CCDC3. We also discuss the possible underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of CCDC3, the implications for clinical translation, and the remaining puzzles about this special molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Omari
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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13
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Cappello A, Tosetti G, Smirnov A, Ganini C, Yang X, Shi Y, Wang Y, Melino G, Bernassola F, Candi E. p63 orchestrates serine and one carbon metabolism enzymes expression in head and neck cancer. Biol Direct 2023; 18:73. [PMID: 37946250 PMCID: PMC10636826 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by high proliferation and limited differentiation. The altered expression of the p53 family members, and specifically of p63, represents a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Physiologically, p63 affects metabolism through the direct transactivation of the enzyme hexokinase 2, and subsequently controls the proliferation of epithelial cells; nonetheless, its role in cancer metabolism is still largely unclear. The high energetic demand of cancer and the consequent needs of a metabolic reshape, also involve the serine and glycine catabolic and anabolic pathways, including the one carbon metabolism (OCM), to produce energetic compounds (purines) and to maintain cellular homeostasis (glutathione and S-adenosylmethionine). RESULTS The involvement in serine/glycine starvation by other p53 family members has been reported, including HNSCC. Here, we show that in HNSCC p63 controls the expression of the enzymes regulating the serine biosynthesis and one carbon metabolism. p63 binds the promoter region of genes involved in the serine biosynthesis as well as in the one carbon metabolism. p63 silencing in a HNSCC cell line affects the mRNA and protein levels of these selected enzymes. Moreover, the higher expression of TP63 and its target enzymes, negatively impacts on the overall survival of HNSCC patients. CONCLUSION These data indicate a direct role of p63 in the metabolic regulation of HNSCC with significant clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Tosetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121, Bari, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. Policlinico di Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167, Rome, Italy.
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14
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See SHC, Olivares S, Kulkarni M, Dhillon SK, Fumero-Velazquez MS, Hagstrom MNE, Gerami P. NONO::TFE3 fusion cutaneous epithelioid and spindle cell tumor: A case series. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:956-962. [PMID: 37606377 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The NONO::TFE3 fusion has been described in MiT family translocation renal cell carcinomas as well as extracutaneous perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas). PEComas are known to express myogenic and melanocytic markers but SOX10 and p63 positivity has never been reported. We report two primary cutaneous tumors that morphologically and molecularly fit PEComas, both harboring the NONO::TFE3 fusion, but with an unusual immunophenotype of SOX10 and p63 positivity. One case was on an 80-year-old male's finger, and the other one was on a 72-year-old female's thigh. Both were well-circumscribed multinodular dermal tumors composed of nests of monotonous epithelioid to spindled cells with pale to vacuolated cytoplasm, some of which were arranged around blood vessels. Both tumors were positive for SOX10, S100, and p63, focally positive for Melan-A, and negative for myogenic markers. There are very little data regarding the molecular findings of primary cutaneous PEComas. While the NONO::TFE3 fusion has been identified in extracutaneous PEComas, it has never been reported in primary cutaneous cases. We believe these cases represent a previously undescribed subtype of cutaneous tumor which shows some immunophenotypic expression of melanocytic markers and we named these cases NONO::TFE3 fusion cutaneous epithelioid and spindle cell tumor. Further, we raise the question of whether this tumor should fall under the rubric of PEComa because of its morphology, partial expression of melanocytic markers, and the presence of the NONO::TFE3 fusion, or whether these tumors represent a separate novel class of tumors since the immunophenotypic expression of SOX10 and p63 is unusual for PEComas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene Helene C See
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Dermatopathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shantel Olivares
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Dermatopathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maansi Kulkarni
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Soneet K Dhillon
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Dermatopathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Monica Stella Fumero-Velazquez
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Dermatopathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Norman E Hagstrom
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Dermatopathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Section of Dermatopathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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Katoh I, Tsukinoki K, Hata RI, Kurata SI. ΔN p63 silencing, DNA methylation shifts, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition resulted from TAp63 genome editing in squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasia 2023; 45:100938. [PMID: 37778252 PMCID: PMC10544079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
TP63 (p63) is strongly expressed in lower-grade carcinomas of the head and neck, skin, breast, and urothelium to maintain a well-differentiated phenotype. TP63 has two transcription start sites at exons 1 and 3' that produce TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms, respectively. The major protein, ΔNp63α, epigenetically activates genes essential for epidermal/craniofacial differentiation, including ΔNp63 itself. To examine the specific role of weakly expressed TAp63, we disrupted exon 1 using CRISPR-Cas9 homology-directed repair in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) line. Surprisingly, TAp63 knockout cells having either monoallelic GFP cassette insertion paired with a frameshift deletion allele or biallelic GFP cassette insertion exhibited ΔNp63 silencing. Loss of keratinocyte-specific gene expression, switching of intermediate filament genes from KRT(s) to VIM, and suppression of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion components indicated the core events of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Many of the positively and negatively affected genes, including ΔNp63, displayed local DNA methylation changes. Furthermore, ΔNp63 expression was partially rescued by transfection of the TAp63 knockout cells with TAp63α and application of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine. These results suggest that TAp63, a minor part of the TP63 gene, may be involved in the auto-activation mechanism of ΔNp63 by which the keratinocyte-specific epigenome is maintained in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyoko Katoh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Environmental Pathology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hata
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Kurata
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
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Prabhu SD, Rai HS, Nayak R, Naik R, Jayasheelan S. Study of the Immunohistochemical Expression of p63 in Benign Lesions and Carcinoma of the Breast at a Tertiary Hospital in South India. Cureus 2023; 15:e48557. [PMID: 38024052 PMCID: PMC10679958 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive breast carcinoma is among the most common female cancers worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality. Considerable disagreement in the interpretation of diagnostically challenging breast lesions based on histology alone has been documented. One of the essential histopathological findings that help distinguish benign from malignant lesions is the presence of the myoepithelial cell layer. Myoepithelial markers such as tumor protein 63 (p63) help distinguish invasive carcinoma from benign proliferations. p63 antibody is superior to other myoepithelial markers as it selectively stains the nuclei and is negative in stromal cells. OBJECTIVE To study the expression of p63 in various histological subtypes and grades of breast carcinomas. METHODS After routine hematoxylin and eosin stain, 65 cases of breast lesions were subjected to immunohistochemistry for p63 antigen using Novacastra ready-to-use monoclonal antibody p6. All cases were analyzed for p63 expression, and its staining arrangement was interpreted. RESULTS In all benign lesions, immunoreactivity was noted in the myoepithelial cells, forming a continuous layer surrounding the luminal epithelial cells. The benign papillary lesions showed p63 staining in the fibrovascular core of the papillary fronds and at the periphery. A few single myoepithelial cells stained by p63 were also seen scattered discontinuously in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). All invasive carcinomas and encapsulated papillary carcinomas were completely devoid of peripheral p63 staining of myoepithelial cells. CONCLUSION p63 is a specific nuclear marker of myoepithelial cells in the breast and can, therefore, aid in distinguishing invasive ductal carcinoma from DCIS or rare questionable hyperplastic lesions. They also play a significant role in distinguishing various papillary lesions of the breast and, hence, can be incorporated into routine reporting for definitive diagnosis and accurate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Sona Rai
- Pathology, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Rakshatha Nayak
- Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IND
| | - Ramadas Naik
- Pathology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, IND
| | - Shikha Jayasheelan
- Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IND
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Bostancieri N, Bakir K, Kul S, Eralp A, Kayalar O, Konyalilar N, Rajabi H, Yuncu M, Yildirim AÖ, Bayram H. The effect of multiple outgrowths from bronchial tissue explants on progenitor/stem cell number in primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures from smokers and patients with COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1118715. [PMID: 37908857 PMCID: PMC10614425 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1118715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although studies suggest a deficiency in stem cell numbers in chronic airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the role of bronchial epithelial progenitor/stem (P/S) cells is not clear. The objectives of this study were to investigate expression of progenitor/stem (P/S) cell markers, cytokeratin (CK) 5, CK14 and p63 in bronchial epithelial explants and cell cultures obtained from smokers with and without COPD following multiple outgrowths, and to study this effect on bronchial epithelial cell (BEC) proliferation. Methods Bronchial epithelial explants were dissected from lung explants and cultured on coverslips. Confluent cultures were obtained after 3-4 weeks' (transfer, Tr1), explants were then transferred and cultured for a second (Tr2) and third (Tr3) time, respectively. At each stage, expression of CK5, CK14 and p63 in explants and BEC were determined by immunostaining. In parallel experiments, outgrowing cells from explants were counted after 4wks, and explants subsequently transferred to obtain new cultures for a further 3 times. Results As the transfer number advanced, CK5, CK14 and p63 expression was decreased in both explants and BEC from both smokers without COPD and patients with COPD, with a more pronounced decrease in BEC numbers in the COPD group. Total cell numbers cultured from explants were decreased with advancing outgrowth number in both groups. Smoking status and lung function parameters were correlated with reduced P/S marker expression and cell numbers. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the number of P/S cells in airway epithelium may play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD, as well as a role in the proliferation of airway epithelial cells, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Bostancieri
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Bakir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Seval Kul
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Ayhan Eralp
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Ozgecan Kayalar
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nur Konyalilar
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Yuncu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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18
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Mundhe D, Mishra R, Basu S, Dalal S, Kumar S, Teni T. ΔN p63 overexpression promotes oral cancer cell migration through hyperactivated Activin A signaling. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113739. [PMID: 37567436 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignant tumor of the oral cavity that affects many countries with a prevalent distribution in the Indian subcontinent, with poor prognosis rate on account of locoregional metastases. Gain-of-function mutations in p53 and overexpression of its related transcription factor, p63 are both widely reported events in oral cancers. However, targeting these alterations remains a far-achieved aim due to lack of knowledge on their downstream signaling pathways. In the present study, we characterize the isoforms of p63 and using knockdown strategy, decipher the functions and oncogenic signaling of p63 in oral cancers. Using Microarray and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments, we decipher a novel transcriptional regulatory axis between p63 and Activin A and establish its functional significance in migration of oral cancer cells. Using an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Activin A pathway to attenuate oral cancer cell migration and invasion, we further demonstrate the targetability of this signaling axis. Our study highlights the oncogenic role of ΔNp63 - Activin A - SMAD2/3 signaling and provides a basis for targeting this oncogenic pathway in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Mundhe
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupa Mishra
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanta Basu
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, 2nd Floor, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- BioCOS Life Sciences Private Limited, AECS Layout, B-Block, Singasandra, Hosur Road, 851/A, Bengaluru, 560068, Karnataka, India; Department of AIML- Computer Science, School of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, 560068, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India; Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Plot No. 1 & 2, Sector 22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India.
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19
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Al-Rawi NH, Kawas SA, Ani MA, Alnuaimi AS, EL-Sayed W, Alrashdan MS. Prediction of Lymphovascular and Perineural Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Combined Expression of p63 and Cyclin D1. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1170-1178. [PMID: 36716784 PMCID: PMC10795001 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the value of immune expression of p63 and cyclin D1 in the prediction of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and histopathologic features of 65 subjects with histologically confirmed OSCC were collected. Tissue microarray blocks representing all subjects were prepared for the immunohistochemical quantification of the nuclear expression of p63 and cyclin D1 using immune ratio plugin of image J software. Image analysis was performed by two independent pathologists. Independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and receiver operating characteristic curve tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p≤ 0.05. RESULTS The optimum cutoff value for the prediction of LVI for p63 and cyclin D1 was found to be 100 and 93.2, respectively, while the optimum cutoff value for the prediction of PNI for p63 and cyclin D1 was found to be 95.9 and 94, respectively. p63 and cyclin D1 expression correlated with several clinicopathologic features of the studied population. p63 expression was a significant predictor of moderate/poorly differentiated OSCC compared with well-differentiated OSCC. A parallel combination of positive p63 and cyclin D1 increased the specificity of predicting LVI from 89.1% and 67.4% for either p63 or cyclin D1, respectively, to 93.5% with a positive predictive value of 92.5%. Similarly, the parallel combination of the two markers raised the specificity of predicting PNI from 70% and 77.5% for either p63 or cyclin D1, respectively, to 90% with a positive predictive value of 86.3%. CONCLUSION Combined overexpression of nuclear markers p63 and cyclin D1 can be considered as a valuable independent predictor of LVI and PNI, and hence tumor progression, in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natheer H Al-Rawi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental
Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental
Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muwaffaq Al Ani
- Department of ENT, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Walid EL-Sayed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf
Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammad S. Alrashdan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental
Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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20
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Yoshida N, Inubushi T, Hirose T, Aoyama G, Kurosaka H, Yamashiro T. The roles of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in fusion of the secondary palate. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050085. [PMID: 37846594 PMCID: PMC10602007 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate has a multifactorial etiology. In palatal fusion, the contacting medial edge epithelium (MEE) forms the epithelial seam, which is subsequently removed with the reduction of p63. Failure in this process results in a cleft palate. We herein report the involvement of janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in palatal fusion and that folic acid rescues the fusing defect by reactivating JAK2/STAT3. In closure of bilateral palatal shelves, STAT3 phosphorylation was activated at the fusing MEE and mesenchyme underlying the MEE. JAK2 inhibition by AG490 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and resulted in palatal fusion failure without removal of the epithelial seam, in which p63 and keratin 17 (K17) periderm markers were retained. Folic acid application restored STAT3 phosphorylation in AG490-treated palatal explants and rescued the fusion defect, in which the p63- and K17-positive epithelial seam were removed. The AG490-induced palatal defect was also rescued in p63 haploinsufficient explants. These findings suggest that JAK2/STAT3 signaling is involved in palatal fusion by suppressing p63 expression in MEE and that folate restores the fusion defect by reactivating JAK2/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yoshida
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirose
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gozo Aoyama
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Warmke LM, Wang WL, Baumhoer D, Andrei V, Ameline B, Baker ML, Kerr DA. TAF15::NR4A3 gene fusion identifies a morphologically distinct subset of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma mimicking myoepithelial tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:581-588. [PMID: 37057757 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare sarcoma of uncertain differentiation predominantly arising in deep soft tissue. Its conventional morphologic appearance manifests as a relatively well-circumscribed, multilobular tumor composed of uniform short spindle-to-ovoid primitive mesenchymal cells with deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in anastomosing cords within abundant myxoid matrix. The genetic hallmark of EMC has long been considered to be pathognomonic gene rearrangements involving NR4A3, which when fused to TAF15, often have high-grade morphology with increased cellularity, moderate to severe cytologic atypia, and rhabdoid cytomorphology. Herein, we describe two cases of EMC with TAF15::NR4A3 fusion that appear morphologically distinct from both conventional and high-grade EMC. Both cases had an unusual biphasic appearance and showed diffuse positivity for p63, mimicking myoepithelial tumors. DNA methylation profiling demonstrated that both cases clearly cluster with EMC, indicating that they most likely represent morphologically distinct variants of EMC. The clinical significance and prognostic impact of this morphologic variance remains to be determined. Molecular testing, including DNA methylation profiling, can help to confirm the diagnosis and avoid confusion with mimics; it adds another layer of data to support expanding the morphologic spectrum of EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Warmke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Center, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanghelita Andrei
- Bone Tumour Reference Center, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Ameline
- Bone Tumour Reference Center, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael L Baker
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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22
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Yu X, Yuan H, Yang Y, Zheng W, Zheng X, Lu SH, Jiang W, Yu X. Mammalian esophageal stratified tissue homeostasis is maintained distinctively by the epithelial pluripotent p63+Sox2 + and p63 -Sox2 + cell populations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:305. [PMID: 37752383 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewing, damage-repair and differentiation of mammalian stratified squamous epithelia are subject to tissue homeostasis, but the regulation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigate the esophageal squamous epithelial tissue homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. We establish a rat esophageal organoid (rEO) in vitro system and show that the landscapes of rEO formation, development and maturation trajectories can mimic those of rat esophageal epithelia in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), snapshot immunostaining and functional analyses of stratified "matured" rEOs define that the epithelial pluripotent stem cell determinants, p63 and Sox2, play crucial but distinctive roles for regulating mammalian esophageal tissue homeostasis. We identify two cell populations, p63+Sox2+ and p63-Sox2+, of which the p63+Sox2+ population presented at the basal layer is the cells of origin required for esophageal epithelial stemness maintenance and proliferation, whereas the p63-Sox2+ population presented at the suprabasal layers is the cells of origin having a dual role for esophageal epithelial differentiation (differentiation-prone fate) and rapid tissue damage-repair responses (proliferation-prone fate). Given the fact that p63 and Sox2 are developmental lineage oncogenes and commonly overexpressed in ESCC tissues, p63-Sox2+ population could not be detected in organoids formed by esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines. Taken together, these findings reveal that the tissue homeostasis is maintained distinctively by p63 and/or Sox2-dependent cell lineage populations required for the tissue renewing, damage-repair and protection of carcinogenesis in mammalian esophagi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuejing Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Lu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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23
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Sakakibara N, Clavijo PE, Sievers C, Gray VC, King KE, George AL, Ponnamperuma RM, Walter BA, Chen Z, Van Waes C, Allen CT, Weinberg WC. Oncogenic Ras and ΔN p63α cooperate to recruit immunosuppressive polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a mouse model of squamous cancer pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200970. [PMID: 37638000 PMCID: PMC10449460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amplification of human chromosome 3q26-29, which encodes oncoprotein ΔNp63 among other isoforms of the p63 family, is a feature common to squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of multiple tissue origins. Along with overexpression of ΔNp63, activation of the protooncogene, RAS, whether by overexpression or oncogenic mutation, is frequently observed in many cancers. In this study, analysis of transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrated that expression of TP63 mRNA, particularly ΔNp63 isoforms, and HRAS are significantly elevated in advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCCs), suggesting pathological significance. However, how co-overexpressed ΔNp63 and HRAS affect the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is incompletely understood. Methods Here, we established and characterized an immune competent mouse model using primary keratinocytes with retroviral-mediated overexpression of ΔNp63α and constitutively activated HRAS (v-rasHa G12R) to evaluate the role of these oncogenes in the immune TME. Results In this model, orthotopic grafting of wildtype syngeneic keratinocytes expressing both v-rasHa and elevated levels of ΔNp63α consistently yield carcinomas in syngeneic hosts, while cells expressing v-rasHa alone yield predominantly papillomas. We found that polymorphonuclear (PMN) myeloid cells, experimentally validated to be immunosuppressive and thus representing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), were significantly recruited into the TME of carcinomas arising early following orthotopic grafting of ΔNp63α/v-rasHa-expressing keratinocytes. ΔNp63α/v-rasHa-driven carcinomas expressed higher levels of chemokines implicated in recruitment of MDSCs compared to v-rasHa-initiated tumors, providing a heretofore undescribed link between ΔNp63α/HRAS-driven carcinomas and the development of an immunosuppressive TME. Conclusion These results support the utilization of a genetic carcinogenesis model harboring specific genomic drivers of malignancy to study mechanisms underlying the development of local immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Sakakibara
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Paúl E. Clavijo
- Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cem Sievers
- Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veronica C. Gray
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn E. King
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Andrea L. George
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Roshini M. Ponnamperuma
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Beatriz A. Walter
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, United States
| | - Zhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clint T. Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wendy C. Weinberg
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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24
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Garcia NMG, Becerra JN, McKinney BJ, DiMarco AV, Wu F, Fitzgibbon M, Alvarez JV. APOBEC3 activity promotes the survival and evolution of drug-tolerant persister cells during acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.02.547443. [PMID: 37461590 PMCID: PMC10350004 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.02.547443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
APOBEC mutagenesis is one of the most common endogenous sources of mutations in human cancer and is a major source of genetic intratumor heterogeneity. High levels of APOBEC mutagenesis are associated with poor prognosis and aggressive disease across diverse cancers, but the mechanistic and functional impacts of APOBEC mutagenesis on tumor evolution and therapy resistance remain relatively unexplored. To address this, we investigated the contribution of APOBEC mutagenesis to acquired therapy resistance in a model of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. We find that inhibition of EGFR in lung cancer cells leads to a rapid and pronounced induction of APOBEC3 expression and activity. Functionally, APOBEC expression promotes the survival of drug-tolerant persister cells (DTPs) following EGFR inhibition. Constitutive expression of APOBEC3B alters the evolutionary trajectory of acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, making it more likely that resistance arises through de novo acquisition of the T790M gatekeeper mutation and squamous transdifferentiation during the DTP state. APOBEC3B expression is associated with increased expression of the squamous cell transcription factor ΔNp63 and squamous cell transdifferentiation in gefitinib-resistant cells. Knockout of ΔNp63 in gefitinibresistant cells reduces the expression of the p63 target genes IL1a/b and sensitizes these cells to the thirdgeneration EGFR inhibitor osimertinib. These results suggest that APOBEC activity promotes acquired resistance by facilitating evolution and transdifferentiation in DTPs, and suggest that approaches to target ΔNp63 in gefitinib-resistant lung cancers may have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Marie G Garcia
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Jessica N Becerra
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Brock J McKinney
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Ashley V DiMarco
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Feinan Wu
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | | | - James V Alvarez
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
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25
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Zhu X, Senoo M, Millar SE, Ma G. Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls mouse eyelid growth by mediating epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:486-494. [PMID: 37453535 PMCID: PMC10530504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mouse eyelid development. METHODS Wnt/β-catenin signaling was disrupted by deleting supraorbital mesenchymal β-catenin or epithelial Wls. p63 was removed to determine whether the expression of Wnts is affected. The eyelid morphology was examined at different stages. Proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of Wnt ligands and their target genes were analyzed via immunofluorescence staining, TUNEL assay, and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Deletion of β-catenin in supraorbital mesenchyme abolishes eyelid growth by causing decreased proliferation in supraorbital epithelium and underlying mesenchyme. Inhibition of Wnt secretion by deleting Wls in supraorbital epithelium results in failure of eyelid development, similar to the effects of deleting mesenchymal β-catenin. Knockout of p63 results in formation of hypoplastic eyelids and reduced expression of several Wnt ligands in eyelid epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial Wnt ligands activate mesenchymal Wnt/β-catenin signaling to control eyelid growth and their expression is partially regulated by p63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Zhu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Makoto Senoo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Gang Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Douka A, Goutzanis L, Vlachakis D, Chrousos GP, Yapijakis C. Molecular Modeling Analysis Provides Genotype-Phenotype Correlation Insights in a Patient with Ankyloblepharon-Ectodermal Dysplasia-Clefting Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1246. [PMID: 37372427 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. AEC is caused by mutations in the TP63 gene that encodes the tumor suppressor p63 protein, itself involved in the regulation of epidermal proliferation, development, and differentiation. We present here a typical AEC case of a four-year-old girl with extensive skin erosions and erythroderma of the scalp and the trunk, and to a lesser extent of the limbs, nail dystrophy on the fingers and toes, xerophthalmia, a high-arched palate, oligodontia, and hypohidrosis. Mutation analysis of the TP63 gene detected a de novo missense mutation in exon 14 (c.1799G>T; p.Gly600Val). We discuss the phenotype-genotype correlation by presenting the clinical features of AEC in the patient, and the effect of the detected mutation in p63 structure and function using protein structural modeling, in view of similar cases in the literature. We performed a molecular modeling study in order to link the effect on the protein structure level of the missense mutation G600V. We noted that the introduction of the bulkier Valine residue in place of the slim Glycine residue caused a significantly altered 3D conformational arrangement of that protein region, pushing away the adjacent antiparallel α helix. We propose that the introduced locally altered structure of the G600V mutant p63 has a significant functional effect on specific protein-protein interactions, thus affecting the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Douka
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lambros Goutzanis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 17675 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Tchienga D, Ascio NM, Qureshi A, Razia S, Romulo G, Asarian A, Xiao P, Nouthe B, Belinga D. CK-7 negative primary lung adenocarcinoma. J Surg Case Rep 2023; 2023:rjad316. [PMID: 37332662 PMCID: PMC10271213 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokeratin (CK) 7 is normally expressed in the vast majority of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). However, on rare occasions, as reported in this paper, CK7 negativity can challenge the diagnosis of pulmonary ADC. Hence, the need to use a combination of 'immunomarkers' such as thyroid transcription factor 1, Napsin A, p40, p63 and CK20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Tchienga
- Correspondence address. St George’s University School of Medicine, True Blue, Grenada, WI, USA. Tel: 240-491-7864; E-mail:
| | - Noelani-Mei Ascio
- Department of Surgery, St George’s University School of Medicine, True Blue, Grenada, WI, USA
| | - Abid Qureshi
- Department of Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sultana Razia
- Department of Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Genato Romulo
- Department of Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Armand Asarian
- Department of Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Philip Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Brice Nouthe
- Fraser Health Authority/Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Lewis G, Fong N, Gjeorgjievski SG, Li XB, Li Z, Wei S, Sturgis CD, Wang C, Komforti M, Zhang H, Downs E, Cui X, McIntire P, Hoda RS, Rowe JJ, Sciallis A, Zhang G. Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast: a clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of 25 patients. Histopathology 2023. [PMID: 37067767 DOI: 10.1111/his.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Due to its rarity and non-specific clinical and pathological features, low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma (LGASC) of the breast continues to pose diagnostic challenges. Unlike other triple-negative breast carcinomas, LGASC tends to have an indolent clinical behaviour. It is essential to recognise this lesion for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five cases of LGASC were identified in our archives and collaborating institutes. Cases of LGASC with dominant coexisting other type carcinomas were excluded. We studied the clinical presentation, morphological features, patterns of the commonly used immunohistochemical stains and follow-up. In our cohort, LGASC was commonly located at the outer aspect of the breast and associated with intraductal papilloma. The morphology of LGASC is characterised by infiltrating small glands and nests with variable squamous differentiation. We also found cuffing desmoplastic (fibrolamellar) stromal change in 75% of patients and peripheral lymphocytic aggregates in 87.5% of patients. P63 and smooth muscle myosin (SMM) were the most common myoepithelial markers used to assist in diagnosis. P63 often stained peripheral tumour cells surrounding invasive glands (circumferential staining in 80% of the cases), mimicking myoepithelial cells. It also stained the small nests with squamous differentiation. However, SMM was negative in 63% of the cases. The vast majority of our cases were triple-negative; only a few had focal and weak expressions of ER and PR. One patient who did not have excision developed lymph node metastasis. Most patients underwent excision or mastectomy with negative margins as surgical treatment; there were no recurrences or metastases in these patients with clinical follow-ups up to 108 months. CONCLUSIONS LGASC has some unique, although not entirely specific, morphological features and immunohistochemical staining patterns. Fibrolamellar stromal change, peripheral lymphocytic aggregates and variable staining of p63 and SMM are valuable features to facilitate the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lewis
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Fong
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Xiaoxian Bill Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Charles D Sturgis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chunjie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Miglena Komforti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Huina Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Erinn Downs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Patrick McIntire
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Raza S Hoda
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Jordi Rowe
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Sciallis
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gloria Zhang
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abdul-Razzaq LN, Ali Jassim MM, Mahmood MM. The High Presence of HCMV pp71 Proteins, Correlate with P63 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer Tumor Tissue. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1443-1447. [PMID: 37116169 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.4.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this retrospective investigation was (1) to screen the existence of HCMV in pancreatic cancer tissues in relation to the histopathological grading system of such tumor tissues. (2) To evaluate the expression of the (P63) tumor suppressor gene in these tissues. (3) To find out the impact of the coexistence of (HCMV) along with the p63 on the occurring histopathological alterations. METHODS The current retrospective cohort study included 35 paraffinized pancreatic tissues from the archives of major hospitals and numerous private histopathological laboratories from 2015 to 2020. (Twenty-five pancreatic carcinomatous tissues and 10 biopsies from seemingly normal pancreatic tissues were examined). Tissue slices from the desired tissue blocks were subjected to the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique to detect Human Cytomegalovirus pp71 and tumor suppressor P63 proteins with aid of monoclonal primary antibodies. RESULTS The HCMV pp71 proteins were found in 92% (23 out of 25) of pancreatic tumor tissues, while it was in two (20%) of healthy pancreatic tissues. in comparison, the p63 proteins were found in 76% (19 out of 25) of tumor tissues and in four (40%) of their correlative healthy tissues. CONCLUSION The increased expression of HCMV in malignant pancreatic tissue may indicate its primary or secondary role in the emergence of this type of cancer, whereupon HCMV inactivation may be useful in the treatment of this type of cancer. On the other hand, p63's high levels of expression in malignant pancreatic tumors reflect either an oppressive function or an unfortunate mutation that prevents it from functioning.
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Fisher ML, Balinth S, Mills AA. ΔN p63α in cancer: importance and therapeutic opportunities. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:280-292. [PMID: 36115734 PMCID: PMC10011024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of cancer and the key pathways that drive cancer survival has expanded rapidly over the past several decades. However, there are still important challenges that continue to impair patient survival, including our inability to target cancer stem cells (CSCs), metastasis, and drug resistance. The transcription factor p63 is a p53 family member with multiple isoforms that carry out a wide array of functions. Here, we discuss the critical importance of the ΔNp63α isoform in cancer and potential therapeutic strategies to target ΔNp63α expression to impair the CSC population, as well as to prevent metastasis and drug resistance to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Fisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Seamus Balinth
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Alea A Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Ando K, Nakagawara A. The RUNX Family Defines Trk Phenotype and Aggressiveness of Human Neuroblastoma through Regulation of p53 and MYCN. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36831211 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family, which is essential for the differentiation of cells of neural crest origin, also plays a potential role in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Consecutive studies in various tumor types have demonstrated that the RUNX family can play either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic roles in a context-dependent manner, including in response to chemotherapeutic agents. However, in primary neuroblastomas, RUNX3 acts as a tumor-suppressor, whereas RUNX1 bifunctionally regulates cell proliferation according to the characterized genetic and epigenetic backgrounds, including MYCN oncogenesis. In this review, we first highlight the current knowledge regarding the mechanism through which the RUNX family regulates the neurotrophin receptors known as the tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family, which are significantly associated with neuroblastoma aggressiveness. We then focus on the possible involvement of the RUNX family in functional alterations of the p53 family members that execute either tumor-suppressive or dominant-negative functions in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. By examining the tripartite relationship between the RUNX, Trk, and p53 families, in addition to the oncogene MYCN, we endeavor to elucidate the possible contribution of the RUNX family to neuroblastoma tumorigenesis for a better understanding of potential future molecular-based therapies.
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Yuan LQ, Hao T, Pan GY, Guo H, Li DP, Liu NF. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the lower uterine segment and cervical canal: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:938-944. [PMID: 36818614 PMCID: PMC9928694 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i4.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is the rarest type of gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT). It has been reported that more than 50% of ETTs arise in the uterine cervix or the lower uterine segment. Here, we report a case of ETT within the lower uterine segment and cervical canal and discuss its manifestations, possible causes, and related influencing factors.
CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman (gravida 7, miscarriage 3, induction 2 with 1 being twins, para 2 of cesarean section, live 2), who had amenorrhea for 9 mo after breastfeeding for 22 mo after the last cesarean section, was diagnosed with ETT. The lesion was present in the lower uterine segment and endocervical canal with severe involvement of the anterior wall of the lower uterine segment and the front wall of the lower uterine segment where the cesarean incisions were made. Laboratory tests showed slight elevation of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. Intraoperative exploration showed the presence of a normal-sized uterus body with an enlarged tumor in the lower uterine segment. The surface of the lower uterine segment was light blue, the entire lesion was approximately about 8 cm × 8 cm × 9 cm, with compression and displacement of the surrounding tissue. Histological examination diagnosed ETT. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive expression of p63, with a Ki-67 proliferation index of 40%.
CONCLUSION A search of the PubMed database using the search terms "cesarean section" and "epithelioid trophoblastic tumor" retrieved nine articles, including 13 cases of ETT and ETT-related lesions, all 13 cases had a history of cesarean section, and the lesions were all located at the cesarean section incision on the anterior wall of the lower uterine segment. The present case is the 14th reported case of ETT after cesarean section. Therefore, we deduced that cesarean section trauma had an important effect on the occurrence of ETT at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Qin Yuan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Hao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-You Pan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Peng Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nai-Fu Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
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Barbaro V, Bonelli F, Ferrari S, La Vella G, Di Iorio E. Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of the Ocular Morbidities in Patients with EEC Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36766837 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectrodactyly-Ectodermal dysplasia-Clefting (EEC) syndrome is caused by heterozygous missense point mutations in the p63 gene, an important transcription factor during embryogenesis and for stem cell differentiation in stratified epithelia. Most of the cases are sporadic, related to de novo mutations arising during early-stage development. Familial cases show an autosomic dominant inheritance. The major cause of visual morbidity is limbal stem cell failure, which develops in the second to third decade of life. Patients often show ocular surface alterations, such as recurrent blepharitis and conjunctivitis, superficial microlesions of the cornea, and spontaneous corneal perforation and ulceration, leading to progressive corneal clouding and eventually visual loss. No definitive cures are currently available, and treatments to alleviate symptoms are only palliative. In this review, we will discuss the proposed therapeutic strategies that have been tested or are under development for the management of the ocular defects in patients affected by EEC syndrome: (i) gene therapy-based approaches by means of Allele-Specific (AS) siRNAs to correct the p63 mutations; (ii) cell therapy-based approaches to replenish the pool of limbal stem cells; and (iii) drug therapy to correct/bypass the genetic defect. However, as the number of patients with EEC syndrome is too limited, further studies are still necessary to prove the effectiveness (and safety) of these innovative therapeutic approaches to counteract the premature differentiation of limbal stem cells.
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Tanaka K, Matsumaru D, Suzuki K, Yamada G, Miyagawa S. The role of p63 in embryonic external genitalia outgrowth in mice. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:132-140. [PMID: 36680528 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic external genitalia (genital tubercle [GT]) protrude from the cloaca and outgrow as cloacal development progresses. Individual gene functions and knockout phenotypes in GT development have been extensively analyzed; however, the interactions between these genes are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of p63, focusing on its interaction with the Shh-Wnt/Ctnnb1-Fgf8 pathway, a signaling network that is known to play a role in GT outgrowth. p63 was expressed in the epithelial tissues of the GT at E11.5, and the distal tip of the GT predominantly expressed the ΔNp63α isoform. The GTs in p63 knockout embryos had normal Shh expression, but CTNNB1 protein and Fgf8 gene expression in the distal urethral epithelium was decreased or lost. Constitutive expression of CTNNB1 in p63-null embryos restored Fgf8 expression, accompanied by small bud structure development; however, such bud structures could not be maintained by E13.5, at which point mutant GTs exhibited severe abnormalities showing a split shape with a hemorrhagic cloaca. Therefore, p63 is a key component of the signaling pathway that triggers Fgf8 expression in the distal urethral epithelium and contributes to GT outgrowth by ensuring the structural integrity of the cloacal epithelia. Altogether, we propose that p63 plays an essential role in the signaling network for the development of external genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Tanaka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advances Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsumaru
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advances Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan.,Division of Biological Environment Innovation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE This review will discuss the role of vitamin D and calcium signaling in the epidermal wound response with particular focus on the stem cells of the epidermis and hair follicle that contribute to the wounding response. METHODS Selected publications relevant to the mechanisms of wound healing in general and the roles of calcium and vitamin D in wound healing in particular were reviewed. RESULTS Following wounding the stem cells of the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis are activated to proliferate and migrate to the wound where they take on an epidermal fate to re-epithelialize the wound and regenerate the epidermis. The vitamin D and calcium sensing receptors (VDR and CaSR, respectively) are expressed in the stem cells of the hair follicle and epidermis where they play a critical role in enabling the stem cells to respond to wounding. Deletion of Vdr and/or Casr from these cells delays wound healing. The VDR is regulated by co-regulators such as the Med 1 complex and other transcription factors such as Ctnnb (beta-catenin) and p63. The formation of the Cdh1/Ctnn (E-cadherin/catenin) complex jointly stimulated by vitamin D and calcium plays a critical role in the activation, migration, and re-epithelialization processes. CONCLUSION Vitamin D and calcium signaling are critical for the ability of epidermal and hair follicle stem cells to respond to wounding. Vitamin D deficiency with the accompanying decrease in calcium signaling can result in delayed and/or chronic wounds, a major cause of morbidity, loss of productivity, and medical expense.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Bikle
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, USA.
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36
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Moreno JCA, Bahmad HF, Aljamal AA, Delgado R, Salami A, Guillot C, Castellano-Sánchez AA, Medina AM, Sriganeshan V. Prognostic Significance of p53 and p63 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Single-Institution Experience. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1314-1331. [PMID: 36826063 PMCID: PMC9955855 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma in adults. We evaluated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p63 and p53 in DLBCL and their significance on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 177 patients with DLBCL who presented to Mount Sinai Medical Center of Florida (Miami Beach, Florida) between 2010 and 2020. IHC staining for p63 and p53 protein expression was performed. A significant correlation was found between p63 positivity and p53 expression, p53/p63 co-positivity, Ki-67 proliferation index, MYC expression, and MYC/BCL2 double expression. Regardless of the germinal center B-cell like (GCB) subgrouping, there was a trend among p53+ patients to have MYC/BCL2 double expression, positive MYC expression, and lower OS and PFS. A tendency of poor OS was seen in p53+ patients in the non-GCB, GCB, and double expressors subgroups and poor PFS in p53+ patients regardless of the subgrouping. In conclusion, our results suggest that p63 and p53 may represent potential additional prognostic biomarkers in DLBCL and may be included in the initial diagnostic work up of patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Alvarez Moreno
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Abed Alhalim Aljamal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Ruben Delgado
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Ali Salami
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon
| | - Carolina Guillot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Amilcar A Castellano-Sánchez
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ana Maria Medina
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Vathany Sriganeshan
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Glathar AR, Oyelakin A, Nayak KB, Sosa J, Romano RA, Sinha S. A Systemic and Integrated Analysis of p63-Driven Regulatory Networks in Mouse Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:446. [PMID: 36672394 PMCID: PMC9856320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and is linked to tobacco exposure, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. Despite therapeutic advances, a lack of molecular understanding of disease etiology, and delayed diagnoses continue to negatively affect survival. The identification of oncogenic drivers and prognostic biomarkers by leveraging bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of OSCC can lead to more targeted therapies and improved patient outcomes. However, the generation, analysis, and continued utilization of additional genetic and genomic tools are warranted. Tobacco-induced OSCC can be modeled in mice via 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), which generates a spectrum of neoplastic lesions mimicking human OSCC and upregulates the oncogenic master transcription factor p63. Here, we molecularly characterized established mouse 4NQO treatment-derived OSCC cell lines and utilized RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing to uncover the global p63 gene regulatory and signaling network. We integrated our p63 datasets with published bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing of mouse 4NQO-treated tongue and esophageal tumors, respectively, to generate a p63-driven gene signature that sheds new light on the role of p63 in murine OSCC. Our analyses reveal known and novel players, such as COTL1, that are regulated by p63 and influence various oncogenic processes, including metastasis. The identification of new sets of potential biomarkers and pathways, some of which are functionally conserved in human OSCC and can prognosticate patient survival, offers new avenues for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ruth Glathar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kasturi Bala Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Kaur S, Kurokawa M. Regulation of Oocyte Apoptosis: A View from Gene Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021345. [PMID: 36674865 PMCID: PMC9861590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis and development, including in the ovarian reserve. In humans, hundreds of thousands of oocytes are produced in the fetal ovary. However, the majority die by apoptosis before birth. After puberty, primordial follicles develop into mature follicles. While only a large dominant follicle is selected to ovulate, smaller ones undergo apoptosis. Despite numerous studies, the mechanism of oocyte death at the molecular level remains elusive. Over the last two and a half decades, many knockout mouse models disrupting key genes in the apoptosis pathway have been generated. In this review, we highlight some of the phenotypes and discuss distinct and overlapping roles of the apoptosis regulators in oocyte death and survival. We also review how the transcription factor p63 and its family members may trigger oocyte apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
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Alhaddad L, Chuprov-Netochin R, Pustovalova M, Osipov AN, Leonov S. Polyploid/Multinucleated Giant and Slow-Cycling Cancer Cell Enrichment in Response to X-ray Irradiation of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Differing in Radioresistance and TP53/PTEN Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021228. [PMID: 36674747 PMCID: PMC9865596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance compromises the efficacy of radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most devastating and common brain tumor. The present study investigated the relationship between radiation tolerance and formation of polyploid/multinucleated giant (PGCC/MGCC) and quiescent/senescent slow-cycling cancer cells in human U-87, LN-229, and U-251 cell lines differing in TP53/PTEN status and radioresistance. We found significant enrichment in MGCC populations of U-87 and LN-229 cell lines, and generation of numerous small mononuclear (called Raju cells, or RJ cells) U-87-derived cells that eventually form cell colonies, in a process termed neosis, in response to X-ray irradiation (IR) at single acute therapeutic doses of 2-6 Gy. For the first time, single-cell high-content imaging and analysis of Ki-67- and EdU-coupled fluorescence demonstrated that the IR exposure dose-dependently augments two distinct GBM cell populations. Bifurcation of Ki-67 staining suggests fast-cycling and slow-cycling populations with a normal-sized nuclear area, and with an enlarged nuclear area, including one resembling the size of PGCC/MGCCs, that likely underlie the highest radioresistance and propensity for repopulation of U-87 cells. Proliferative activity and anchorage-independent survival of GBM cell lines seem to be related to neosis, low level of apoptosis, fraction of prematurely stress-induced senescent MGCCs, and the expression of p63 and p73, members of p53 family transcription factors, but not to the mutant p53. Collectively, our data support the importance of the TP53wt/PTENmut genotype for the maintenance of cycling radioresistant U-87 cells to produce a significant amount of senescent MGCCs as an IR stress-induced adaptation response to therapeutic irradiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Alhaddad
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Roman Chuprov-Netochin
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreyan N. Osipov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Abstract
The p53 family is made up of three transcription factors: p53, p63, and p73. These proteins are well-known regulators of cell function and play a crucial role in controlling various processes related to cancer progression, including cell division, proliferation, genomic stability, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. In response to extra- or intracellular stress or oncogenic stimulation, all members of the p53 family are mutated in structure or altered in expression levels to affect the signaling network, coordinating many other pivotal cellular processes. P63 exists as two main isoforms (TAp63 and ΔNp63) that have been contrastingly discovered; the TA and ΔN isoforms exhibit distinguished properties by promoting or inhibiting cancer progression. As such, p63 isoforms comprise a fully mysterious and challenging regulatory pathway. Recent studies have revealed the intricate role of p63 in regulating the DNA damage response (DDR) and its impact on diverse cellular processes. In this review, we will highlight the significance of how p63 isoforms respond to DNA damage and cancer stem cells, as well as the dual role of TAp63 and ΔNp63 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Xu
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunli Xiong
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhu, ; Junhong Han,
| | - Qing Zhu
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhu, ; Junhong Han,
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Bishop JA, Thompson LDR, Siegele B, Gagan J, Mansour M, Chernock RD, Rooper LM. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma may be devoid of squamoid cells by immunohistochemistry: expanding the histologic and immunohistochemical spectrum of MAML2- rearranged salivary gland tumours. Histopathology 2023; 82:305-313. [PMID: 36208053 DOI: 10.1111/his.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is historically defined by a mix of squamoid, intermediate, and mucous cells, but we have recently encountered several cases lacking immunoreactivity for squamous markers p40, p63, and CK5/6 despite MAML2 fusions. This study will characterise these unique tumours. Ten MEC were collected arising from the parotid gland (n = 4), submandibular gland (n = 2), nasopharynx (n = 1), base of tongue (n = 1), bronchus (n = 1), and trachea (n = 1). Six tumours were low-grade, two intermediate-grade, one high-grade, and one demonstrated low-grade areas with high-grade transformation. Four cases were oncocytic, four had clear-cell features, two had spindle cell features, and one high-grade MEC had prominent solid, cord-like, and micropapillary features. The tumours were negative for p40 (10/10), p63 (10/10), and CK5/6 (9/9). Targeted RNA sequencing demonstrated CRTC1::MAML2 in five cases, CRTC3::MAML2 in two, and a novel MAML2::CEP126 in the unusual high-grade case. In two cases with insufficient RNA, MAML2 fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) showed rearrangement. Genetically-confirmed MEC may lack overt squamous differentiation by histology and immunohistochemistry. While most cases harboured canonical fusions and fit within the spectra of MEC variants with oncocytic, clear cell, and/or spindle cell features, one had a novel MAML2::CEP126 fusion and unusual morphology. In MEC without squamoid cells, the use of immunohistochemistry may hinder, rather than aid, the correct diagnosis. In such cases, MAML2 analysis is most useful. The historical definition of MEC as a carcinoma with squamoid, intermediate and mucous cells should be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Bradford Siegele
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gagan
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mena Mansour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca D Chernock
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa M Rooper
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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42
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Vlašić I, Horvat A, Tadijan A, Slade N. p53 Family in Resistance to Targeted Therapy of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010065. [PMID: 36613518 PMCID: PMC9820688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors, with frequent mutations affecting components of the MAPK pathway, mainly protein kinase BRAF. Despite promising initial response to BRAF inhibitors, melanoma progresses due to development of resistance. In addition to frequent reactivation of MAPK or activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, recently, the p53 pathway has been shown to contribute to acquired resistance to targeted MAPK inhibitor therapy. Canonical tumor suppressor p53 is inactivated in melanoma by diverse mechanisms. The TP53 gene and two other family members, TP63 and TP73, encode numerous protein isoforms that exhibit diverse functions during tumorigenesis. The p53 family isoforms can be produced by usage of alternative promoters and/or splicing on the C- and N-terminus. Various p53 family isoforms are expressed in melanoma cell lines and tumor samples, and several of them have already shown to have specific functions in melanoma, affecting proliferation, survival, metastatic potential, invasion, migration, and response to therapy. Of special interest are p53 family isoforms with increased expression and direct involvement in acquired resistance to MAPK inhibitors in melanoma cells, implying that modulating their expression or targeting their functional pathways could be a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to MAPK inhibitors in melanoma.
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43
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Biwei H, Min S, Yanlin W, Xinrong Z, Li G, Renyi H, Jinling S, Shan W, Yi W, Weiwei C. Case report: Prenatal diagnosis of Ectrodactyly-Ectodermal dysplasia-Cleft syndrome (EEC) in a fetus with cleft lip and polycystic kidney. Front Genet 2022; 13:1002089. [PMID: 36386837 PMCID: PMC9662688 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft (EEC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and orofacial clefting. Reduced penetrance is manifested in these core features and additional under-recognized features, especially in prenatal cases. Here, we present a fetus with EEC syndrome at 22 weeks gestation, in which the cleft lip and palate and the right polycystic kidney are shown by prenatal ultrasound. A de novo missense mutation of R304W in the TP63 gene is confirmed by whole-exome sequencing associated with EEC syndrome. We further investigate the reported TP63-related prenatal cases and provide a more complete picture of the prenatal phenotypic spectrum about EEC. It illustrates the potential severity of genitourinary anomalies in TP63-related disorders and highlights the need to counsel for the possibility of EEC syndrome, given the occurrence of genitourinary anomalies with orofacial cleft or limb deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Biwei
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Yanlin
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Xinrong
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Renyi
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Jinling
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Shan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Yi
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
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Al Moussawi K, Chung K, Carroll TM, Osterburg C, Smirnov A, Lotz R, Miller P, Dedeić Z, Zhong S, Oti M, Kouwenhoven EN, Asher R, Goldin R, Tellier M, Murphy S, Zhou H, Dötsch V, Lu X. Mutant Ras and inflammation-driven skin tumorigenesis is suppressed via a JNK-iASPP-AP1 axis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111503. [PMID: 36261000 PMCID: PMC9597577 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent mutation of a RAS oncogene and the tumor suppressor p53 is common in tumorigenesis, and inflammation can promote RAS-driven tumorigenesis without the need to mutate p53. Here, we show, using a well-established mutant RAS and an inflammation-driven mouse skin tumor model, that loss of the p53 inhibitor iASPP facilitates tumorigenesis. Specifically, iASPP regulates expression of a subset of p63 and AP1 targets, including genes involved in skin differentiation and inflammation, suggesting that loss of iASPP in keratinocytes supports a tumor-promoting inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanistically, JNK-mediated phosphorylation regulates iASPP function and inhibits iASPP binding with AP1 components, such as JUND, via PXXP/SH3 domain-mediated interaction. Our results uncover a JNK-iASPP-AP1 regulatory axis that is crucial for tissue homeostasis. We show that iASPP is a tumor suppressor and an AP1 coregulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatoun Al Moussawi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kathryn Chung
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Thomas M. Carroll
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Lotz
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul Miller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Zinaida Dedeić
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shan Zhong
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Martin Oti
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyn N. Kouwenhoven
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth Asher
- Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK,Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Robert Goldin
- Department of Pathology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine at St Mary’s, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Chang E, Park K, Essaak MA, Veenstra M, Shehata BM. Urothelial Rests, Incidental Finding in a Patient with Acute Appendicitis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:807-810. [PMID: 34338594 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2021.1949080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Urothelial rests, also known as Walthard rests, are benign nests of epithelial cells that most often are found in the female gynecologic tract. Only four of these urothelial rests have been described in the appendix. Case report: A 10-year-old female underwent an appendectomy for appendicitis. Histologically, there was acute appendicitis, and an incidental urothelial rest was identified, confirmed by immunostains positive for p63, CK7, and negative for synaptophysin. CD34 highlighted a rim of endothelial cells. Conclusion: Urothelial rests, which often appear in the female gynecologic tract, can occur in other sites such as the appendix. These benign lesions require differentiation from neuroendocrine lesions. The rim of endothelial cells in our report supports a vascular migrational origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chang
- Children Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kelley Park
- Children Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
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Yang Y, Peng Z, Flores ER, Kleinerman ES. Pramlintide: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Osteosarcoma through Metabolic Reprogramming. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4310. [PMID: 36077845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have remained stagnant for more than 3 decades. Novel therapeutic agents are desperately needed. Osteosarcoma cells often express abnormal form of the p53, p63, and p73 genes, which promote glucose uptake, cell glycolysis, and rapid proliferation. Pramlintide, an FDA-approved drug for type 2 diabetes, interfered with tumor glycolysis leading to decreased cell growth and increased cell death. When we injected Pramlintide into osteosarcoma tumor nodules of the mice, the tumors were significantly smaller after 21 days while the control tumors continued to grow. Tumor hypoxia was also decreased. This is the first report showing the potential efficacy of Pramlintide against osteosarcoma, indicating that Pramlintide may be a novel therapeutic approach for patients with relapsed osteosarcoma. Abstract Despite aggressive combination chemotherapy and surgery, outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have remained stagnant for more than 25 years, and numerous clinical trials have identified no new therapies. p53 deletion or mutation is found in more than 80% of osteosarcoma tumors. In p53-deficient cancers with structurally altered p63 and p73, interfering with tumor cell metabolism using Pramlintide (an FDA-approved drug for type 2 diabetes) results in tumor regression. Pramlintide response is mediated through upregulation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Here, we showed that osteosarcoma cells have altered p63, p73, and p53, and decreased IAPP expression but have the two main IAPP receptors, CalcR and RAMP3, which inhibit glycolysis and induce apoptosis. We showed that in osteosarcoma cells with high- or mid-range glycolytic activity, Pramlintide decreased cell glycolysis, resulting in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in vitro. In contrast, Pramlintide had no effect in osteosarcoma cells with low glycolytic activity. Using a subcutaneous osteosarcoma mouse model, we showed that intratumoral injection of Pramlintide-induced tumor regression. Tumor sections showed increased apoptosis and a decrease in Ki-67 and HIF-1α. These data suggest that in osteosarcoma cells with altered p53, p63, and p73 and a high glycolytic function, Pramlintide therapy can modulate metabolic programming and inhibit tumor growth.
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Lalchhanhimi H, Pavithra V, Bhawna D, Chinnappan S, Gnanavel H, Venkata S. Correlation Of Bi-Rads 4 Subcategories Breast Lesions On Tomosynthesis And Histopathological Examination With P63 Immunohistochemistry Expression. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:622-627. [PMID: 36187513 PMCID: PMC9515276 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01530-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammography is considered to be the gold standard for screening and detection of breast malignancies. Among different biochemical markers used to detect carcinoma of breasts, p63 has been widely popularized for its effectiveness in the detection of myoepithelial cells which are an important indicator of breast benignity. In this study, we plan to statistically analyze and correlate the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 subcategories grading on mammogram imaging with p63 immunostaining. A total of 80 patients were taken into the study within a period of two years (2016-2018) after ensuring the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were further sorted into different BI-RADS 4 subcategories, i.e., taking into consideration X-ray mammogram and tomosynthesis findings, 57 samples were categorized as low suspicion (BI-RADS 4A), while 12 were classified as intermediate (BI-RADS 4B), and the remaining 11 samples were categorized as highly suspicious (BI-RADS 4C). Although considered to be leaning toward malignancy, a BI-RADS reading of 4 (namely 4A-low suspicion, 4B-moderate suspicion, and 4C-high suspicion for malignancy) needs further evaluation for accurate diagnosis. There have been cases within our own observation where a lesion that is highly suspicious of malignancy has turned out to be a benign finding. Further, evaluating the expression of a p63 marker can help prevent mutilating surgeries for indeterminate lesions. The present study has been conducted to study the correlation of tomosynthesis grading of lesions that has been categorized from low-to-high suspicion, with a p63 immunostaining pattern in these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Lalchhanhimi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116 India
| | - V. Pavithra
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116 India
| | - Dev Bhawna
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116 India
| | - Sheela Chinnappan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116 India
| | - Harini Gnanavel
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116 India
| | - Sai Venkata
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116 India
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48
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Rekhi B, Yildiz AE, Jennifer A, Yukruk FA, Gedikoglu G, Banerjee D, Shetty O, Kosemehmetoglu K. Adamantinoma with a Prominent Spindle Cell Component Mimicking Intraosseous Synovial Sarcoma: Clinicopathological Features of Six Tumors. Int J Surg Pathol 2022; 30:872-884. [PMID: 35946120 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221117977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Adamantinoma is sub-classified into classic/biphasic, osteofibrous dysplasia-like, and de-differentiated type. We present six adamantinomas with a prominent spindle cell component mimicking intraosseous synovial sarcomas. Methods. Six patients were either referred with a diagnosis of intraosseous synovial sarcoma or wherein synovial sarcoma was a differential diagnosis. Three tumors were tested for SS18 gene rearrangement by FISH and two for SS18::SSX fusion by RT-PCR technique. Results. There were three males and three females with an average age of 20.6 years. Radiologically, the lesions were expansile and showed lytic and/or sclerotic components, involving the cortex and/or medulla. Five lesions occurred in the tibia and two in the fibula. Two tumors displayed soft tissue extension and two occurred as multifocal lesions. Two patients were diagnosed with synovial sarcoma and a single patient with sarcomatoid carcinoma, elsewhere. Two "in-house" patients were initially diagnosed with synovial sarcomas. On review, all tumors were cellular comprising monomorphic spindle-shaped cells arranged in sheets and fascicles (n = 6), including a "herringbone-like" pattern (n = 3), focal tubules (n = 1), cohesive nests (n = 5), cords (n = 2), including pseudocystic component (n = 2). Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for p63 (6/6), p40 (4/4), EMA (2/3), AE1/AE3 (5/6), various keratins (2/2), and TLE1 (2/4). Three tumors tested for SS18 rearrangement were negative, while two tumors tested for SS18::SSX fusion were negative. Conclusions. Adamantinomas with spindle cell morphology display overlapping features with synovial sarcoma. A clinico-radiological index of suspicion immunostains (p63 and p40) and molecular test for t(X; 18) translocation are useful in an exact diagnosis, which has treatment-related implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Rekhi
- Department of Pathology, 29436Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Division of Molecular Pathology and Translational Medicine, 221116Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Anne Jennifer
- Department of Pathology, 30025Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gokhan Gedikoglu
- Department of Pathology, 146995Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Devmalya Banerjee
- 477623Narayana Super Speciality Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Omshree Shetty
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Translational Medicine, 221116Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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49
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Pecorari R, Bernassola F, Melino G, Candi E. Distinct interactors define the p63 transcriptional signature in epithelial development or cancer. Biochem J 2022; 479:1375-92. [PMID: 35748701 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20210737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The TP63 is an indispensable transcription factor for development and homeostasis of epithelia and its derived glandular tissue. It is also involved in female germline cell quality control, muscle and thymus development. It is expressed as multiple isoforms transcribed by two independent promoters, in addition to alternative splicing occurring at the mRNA 3′-UTR. Expression of the TP63 gene, specifically the amino-deleted p63 isoform, ΔNp63, is required to regulate numerous biological activities, including lineage specification, self-renewal capacity of epithelial stem cells, proliferation/expansion of basal keratinocytes, differentiation of stratified epithelia. In cancer, ΔNp63 is implicated in squamous cancers pathogenesis of different origin including skin, head and neck and lung and in sustaining self-renewal of cancer stem cells. How this transcription factor can control such a diverse set of biological pathways is central to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which p63 acquires oncogenic activity, profoundly changing its down-stream transcriptional signature. Here, we highlight how different proteins interacting with p63 allow it to regulate the transcription of several central genes. The interacting proteins include transcription factors/regulators, epigenetic modifiers, and post-transcriptional modifiers. Moreover, as p63 depends on its interactome, we discuss the hypothesis to target the protein interactors to directly affect p63 oncogenic activities and p63-related diseases.
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50
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Barbaro V, Orvieto A, Alvisi G, Bertolin M, Bonelli F, Liehr T, Harutyunyan T, Kankel S, Joksic G, Ferrari S, Daniele E, Ponzin D, Bettio D, Salviati L, Di Iorio E. Analysis and pharmacological modulation of senescence in human epithelial stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3977-3994. [PMID: 35706382 PMCID: PMC9279594 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epithelial stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by long‐term regenerative properties, much dependent on the tissue of origin and varying during their lifespan. We analysed such variables in cultures of ESCs isolated from the skin, conjunctiva, limbus and oral mucosa of healthy donors and patients affected by ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐clefting syndrome, a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the p63 gene. We cultured cells until exhaustion in the presence or in the absence of DAPT (γ‐secretase inhibitor; N‐[N‐(3, 5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐L‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine T‐butyl ester). All cells were able to differentiate in vitro but exhibited variable self‐renewal potential. In particular, cells carrying p63 mutations stopped prematurely, compared with controls. Importantly, administration of DAPT significantly extended the replicative properties of all stem cells under examination. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that distinct sets of genes were up‐ or down‐regulated during their lifetime, thus allowing to identify druggable gene networks and off‐the‐shelf compounds potentially dealing with epithelial stem cell senescence. These data will expand our knowledge on the genetic bases of senescence and potentially pave the way to the pharmacological modulation of ageing in epithelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Orvieto
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gualtiero Alvisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Tigran Harutyunyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Stefanie Kankel
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Gordana Joksic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institue of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Vinča, Serbia
| | | | - Elena Daniele
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, Venice, Italy
| | - Diego Ponzin
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, Venice, Italy
| | - Daniela Bettio
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Enzo Di Iorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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