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Harvey NT, Palmer DJ, Tucker P, Chakera A, Foster R, Lim W, Trevithick RW, Wood BA. Histological predictors of outcome for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant patients: A case-control study. JAAD Int 2024; 15:51-58. [PMID: 38371661 PMCID: PMC10869928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a significant cause of morbidity for immunosuppressed patients such as organ transplant recipients; however, histological parameters which predict the likelihood of tumor progression are typically based on general population studies in which immunosuppressed patients represent only a small fraction of cases. Objectives To determine the histological parameters which have independent prognostic value for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arising in renal transplant recipients. Methods Case-control study incorporating a retrospective blinded histological review of 70 archived specimens of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed in renal transplant recipients, comprising 10 cases where the tumor had progressed and 60 controls. Results Progression was significantly associated with head and neck location, size, depth, poor histological grade, perineural invasion (including small caliber perineural invasion), lymphovascular invasion, and a desmoplastic growth pattern. Limitations The retrospective nature and the low number of cases compared to controls. Conclusion In immunosuppressed patients both small caliber perineural invasion and a desmoplastic growth pattern may also have prognostic significance in addition to other histological parameters already recognized in formal staging schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Harvey
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Debra J. Palmer
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paige Tucker
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aron Chakera
- Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachael Foster
- Dermatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wai Lim
- Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin A. Wood
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
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2
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Zilberg C, Ferguson AL, Lyons JG, Gupta R, Fuller SJ, Damian DL. Cutaneous malignancies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Dermatol 2024; 51:353-364. [PMID: 38291978 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common lymphoid malignancy that is associated with an increased risk of developing cutaneous malignancies. Clinical outcomes for these malignancies, including melanoma and keratinocyte cancers (KC), are worse for patients with CLL. Individuals with CLL develop an immunodeficiency of both the adaptive and innate immune system, which plays a role in the increased prevalence of skin cancers. This review focuses on the complex interplay between genetics, immunity, and pathogens that influence the cellular composition and biology of skin tumors and their microenvironment in CLL patients, and in comparison with other chronic hematological malignancies. It is paramount for dermatologists to be aware of the association between CLL (and chronic hematological malignancies more broadly) and cutaneous malignancies. This is a high-risk population who require regular and vigorous dermatologic follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Zilberg
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Wollstonecraft, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James G Lyons
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Fuller
- Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diona L Damian
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Wollstonecraft, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Tsur N, Yosefof E, Dudkiewicz D, Edri N, Stern S, Shpitzer T, Mizrachi A, Najjar E. Foregoing elective neck dissection for elderly patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. ANZ J Surg 2024; 94:128-139. [PMID: 37811844 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elective neck dissection (END) improves outcomes among clinically node-negative patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). However, END is of questionable value, considering the potentially higher comorbidities and operative risks in elderly patients. METHODS A retrospective review of all patients older than 65 years of age who were treated for OCSCC at a tertiary care centre between 2005 and 2020 was conducted. RESULTS Fifty-three patients underwent primary tumour resection alone, and 71 had simultaneous END. Most primary tumours were located on the mobile tongue. The patients who did not undergo END had a higher mean age (81.2 vs. 75.1 years, P < 0.00001), significantly shorter surgeries, and shorter hospitalizations. Occult cervical metastases were found in 24% of the patients who underwent END. The two groups showed no significant differences in overall survival or recurrence rates. Similar results were shown in a subpopulation analysis of patients older than 75 years. CONCLUSION Foregoing END in elderly patients with no clinical evidence of neck metastases did not result in lower survival rates or higher recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Tsur
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Yosefof
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dean Dudkiewicz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Edri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sagit Stern
- Hadassah University Hospital, Otolaryngology / Head & Neck Surgery, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Thomas Shpitzer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviram Mizrachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Esmat Najjar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Vaishnav B, Pailla R. An Interesting Sequel of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e48928. [PMID: 38111462 PMCID: PMC10726081 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), although a preventable and curable disease, accounts for a high burden of morbidity in developing countries like India. Lung scarring and damage is a common sequel of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Here, we report an interesting case of a patient with a history of PTB diagnosed four years ago and on subsequent visits was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung at the site of the TB scar. The development of malignancy in the old PTB scar is a controversial yet often diagnosed sequel of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Vaishnav
- General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Ruchitha Pailla
- General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IND
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Wang HJ, Lu JJ, Hao LF, Li HN, Li N, Zheng WH, Zhang JJ. Squamous cell carcinoma of the cystic duct: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35430. [PMID: 37832089 PMCID: PMC10578676 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gallbladder is a rare malignant biliary tract tumor predominantly found in the body and neck of the gallbladder. However, its occurrence in the cystic duct is even rarer. Given its rarity, no established guidelines or consensus currently exist regarding the treatment of pure SCC of the gallbladder. We report an unusual case of SCC originating from the cystic duct with the intent of providing insights into the therapeutic approach for this type of malignancy. PATIENT CONCERNS A male patient presented to our hospital with acute cholecystitis. Unexpectedly, imaging revealed gallbladder malignancy. DIAGNOSES Pathologic examination after surgery confirmed SCC of the cystic duct. INTERVENTIONS Despite elevated bilirubin levels, we were able to exclude hilar involvement, enabling radical tumor resection. Intraoperatively, we discovered that the tumor was located in the cystic duct, a site associated with a high likelihood of invasion into neighboring organs. The tumor demonstrated a predominantly exophytic growth pattern, which prompted us to refrain from extending the resection range, thereby striking a balance between complete tumor removal and surgical trauma. We performed liver wedge resection only to ensure a negative resection margin while preserving the anatomical structure to the greatest extent possible. Postoperative recovery was rapid and uncomplicated. Pathological examination confirmed pure SCC, which led us to initiate a regimen of nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin, which is known to be effective in other organ SCCs. Remarkably, the patient experienced a rare and severe posttreatment cardiovascular event. Consequently, we switched the patient to a chemotherapy regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin, which ultimately yielded positive clinical outcomes. OUTCOMES no evidence of tumor recurrence was observed within 1 year after surgery. LESSONS The diagnosis and therapeutic strategy for rare tumors such as gallbladder SCC should be meticulously tailored based on their unique characteristics to optimize postoperative patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun-Jie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Ling-Fang Hao
- Department of Oncology, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Na Li
- Department of Radiology, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun-Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
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Hartl DM, Guerlain J, Gorphe P, Kapre M, Kapre Gupta N, Saba NF, Robbins KT, Ronen O, Rodrigo JP, Strojan P, Mäkitie AA, Kowalski LP, Shah JP, Ferlito A. Review of Outcomes after Salvage Surgery for Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4692. [PMID: 37835386 PMCID: PMC10571840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay in treatment for advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, locoregional recurrences are frequent. Salvage surgery could be proposed in selected patients to improve local control, disease-free, and overall survival. Factors for improved disease-free and overall survival in patients treated with salvage surgery include age, tumor location, the initial T stage, HPV status, resection margins, and the time elapsing from the initial treatment. Clinical trials with adjuvant therapies have shown promise after salvage surgery in terms of tolerance and response, but clinical guidelines for using these adjuvant treatments are currently lacking. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge concerning the incidence and management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and current data concerning survival and morbidity after salvage surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Hartl
- Department of Anesthesia, Surgery, and Interventional Radiology, Head and Neck Oncology Service, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Joanne Guerlain
- Department of Anesthesia, Surgery, and Interventional Radiology, Head and Neck Oncology Service, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Gorphe
- Department of Anesthesia, Surgery, and Interventional Radiology, Head and Neck Oncology Service, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Madan Kapre
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Neeti Clinics Nagpur, Nagpur 440010, India
| | - Neeti Kapre Gupta
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Neeti Clinics Nagpur, Nagpur 440010, India
| | - Nabil F. Saba
- The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - K. Thomas Robbins
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University Medical School, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
| | - Ohad Ronen
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, IUOPA, ISPA, CIBERONC, 33204 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Primož Strojan
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antti A. Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luiz P. Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, A C Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo 01509-001, Brazil
| | - Jatin P. Shah
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35100 Padua, Italy
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Yin LX, Rivera M, Garcia JJ, Bartemes KR, Lewis DB, Lohse CM, Routman DM, Ma DJ, Moore EJ, Van Abel KM. Impact of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes on Disease Progression in Human Papillomavirus-Related Oropharyngeal Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:539-547. [PMID: 36939471 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to explore the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of patients with HPV(+)OPSCC. We hypothesize that TILS density at both sites is associated with disease-free survival in HPV(+)OPSCC. STUDY DESIGN Matched case-control study among HPV(+)OPSCC patients who underwent intent-to-cure surgery. Cases developed locoregional or distant recurrence. Controls were matched based on age, sex, pathologic T, N, and overall stage, year of surgery, type of adjuvant treatment received, and the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 (ACE-27) score. SETTING Single tertiary care center, May 2007 to December 2016. METHODS Tumoral TILs (tTILs) density was defined as % TILs; stromal TILs (sTILs) density was defined as absent/sparse or moderate/dense crowding. Associations between TILs and time to disease progression were assessed using Cox regression models. RESULTS Forty-four case-control pairs (N = 88) were included: 42 (48%) AJCC pStage I, 39 (44%) pStage II, and 7 (8%) pStage III. tTILs density ≥10% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17-0.99, p = .048) and a moderate/dense sTILs density (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.75, p = .016) in the primary tumor were significantly associated with decreased risk of progression. TILs density in the lymph node was associated with decreased risk of progression but did not reach statistical significance. The tTILs and sTILs density correlated strongly between the primary tumor and lymph node. Concordance between the pathologists' was moderate (60%-70%). CONCLUSIONS In HPV(+)OPSCC, a higher density of tumoral and stromal TILs in the primary tumor and possibly the lymph node may predict a lower risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda X Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Rivera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joaquin J Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathleen R Bartemes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Derrick B Lewis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christine M Lohse
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David M Routman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric J Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathryn M Van Abel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Osorio-Cock LM, Jaramillo-Pulgarín SC, Ferrín-Bastidas AP, Molina-Colorado DY, Gómez-Guzmán ÓM, Zuluaga A, McEwen-Ochoa JG, Urán-Jiménez ME, Jiménez-Alzate MDP. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia: Squamous cell carcinoma versus oral paracoccidioidomycosis, a case from a dermatological perspective. Biomedica 2023; 43:69-76. [PMID: 37721905 PMCID: PMC10586879 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis endemic in Latin America. The most frequent form involves a chronic compromise of the lungs, skin, and mucosa. The patient started with a single oral lesion that lasted for several years. The absence of other symptoms pointed out a possible malignant neoplasm, specifically a squamous cell carcinoma. Differentiation between both diagnoses –fungal infection and carcinoma– depends on the results of the direct examination, the histopathological study, and the initial and subsequent cultures. However, in this case, those findings were not conclusive. The coexistence of both diagnoses is frequent and increases the diagnostic challenge. After several consultations and tests, direct examination, immunodiffusion and real-time PCR findings the multifocal chronic paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosis was confirmed. This case warns about a systematical absence of clinical suspicion of endemic mycoses before the appereance of mucocutaneous lesions, which can be produced by fungi like Paracoccidioides spp, and the importance of considering those mycoses among the differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Osorio-Cock
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia..
| | | | | | - Diana Y Molina-Colorado
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Óscar M Gómez-Guzmán
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Alejandra Zuluaga
- Grupo de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Juan G McEwen-Ochoa
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Martha E Urán-Jiménez
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - María Del Pilar Jiménez-Alzate
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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9
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Khosravi M, Shirani AM, Ostadsharif M, Saravani R. In vitro comparative effects of laser photodynamic therapy with methylene blue or aminolevulinic acid on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023; 20:89. [PMID: 37810447 PMCID: PMC10557986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare the effects of laser photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue (MB) or aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. Materials and Methods In this in vitro experimental study, the C152 (KB) OSCC cell line was cultured in a culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM concentrations of MB and ALA alone and combined with diode laser irradiation with 660 nm wavelength, 40 mW power, and 10 J/cm2 energy density in continuous-wave mode perpendicular to the surface. Cell viability was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and compared among the groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The results showed that the reduction in cell viability in the MB + laser and ALA + laser groups was greater than that in the MB and ALA groups without laser (P < 0.001). Significant differences were noted in cell viability in the presence of some different concentrations of MB and ALA (P < 0.05), such that by an increase in their concentration, cell viability decreased. Cell viability in the MB + laser group was significantly lower than that in the ALA + laser group in some photosensitizer concentrations (P < 0.05). Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the results showed that laser PDT with MB (high concentrations) was more effective than laser PDT with ALA against the OSCC cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khosravi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Mansour Shirani
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ostadsharif
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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10
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Yin N, Zhao W, He T, Li T, Lei X, He H, Long Z, Wang Y. Partial cystectomy for bladder squamous cell carcinoma with a 10-year follow-up: a case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1237228. [PMID: 37621677 PMCID: PMC10446963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1237228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is a rare malignancy of the urinary system. It is prone to invasion and metastasis in the early stage and has a poor prognosis. This case reports a 65-year-old female patient with SCC of the bladder who was free of disease recurrence and metastasis 10 years after partial cystectomy (PC) combined with left ureteral reimplantation. The treatment plan and admission of this patient were retrospectively analyzed in order to provide some reference significance for the treatment plan for the SCC of the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Tingchao Li
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Zongmin Long
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
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11
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Chen AM. De-escalated radiation for human papillomavirus virus-related oropharyngeal cancer: evolving paradigms and future strategies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1175578. [PMID: 37576899 PMCID: PMC10413127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1175578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has increased dramatically in recent years reaching epidemic-like proportions. Data has emerged not only showing that these cancers are a unique entity with distinct molecular characteristics but that they also have a significantly improved prognosis as a result of their exquisite radiosensitivity compared to their HPV-negative counterparts. This, it has been increasingly suggested that these tumors can be targeted with de-escalated approaches using reduced doses of radiation. The overriding goal of de-escalation is to maintain the high cure and survival rates associated with traditional approaches while reducing the incidence of both short- and long-term toxicity. Although the exact reason for the improved radiosensitivity of HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma is unclear, prospective studies have now been published demonstrating that de-escalated radiation can successfully maintain the high rates of cure and preserve quality of life for appropriately selected patients with this disease. However, these studies have been complicated by such factors as the relatively limited sample sizes, as well as the variability in treatment, inclusion criteria, and follow-up. As the data continues to mature on de-escalation, it is unquestionable that treatment paradigms for this disease will evolve. The ongoing quest to define a standard regimen comprises the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen M. Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California- Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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12
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Garcia NMG, Becerra JN, McKinney BJ, DiMarco AV, Wu F, Fitzgibbon M, Alvarez JV. APOBEC3 activity promotes the survival and evolution of drug-tolerant persister cells during acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.02.547443. [PMID: 37461590 PMCID: PMC10350004 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.02.547443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
APOBEC mutagenesis is one of the most common endogenous sources of mutations in human cancer and is a major source of genetic intratumor heterogeneity. High levels of APOBEC mutagenesis are associated with poor prognosis and aggressive disease across diverse cancers, but the mechanistic and functional impacts of APOBEC mutagenesis on tumor evolution and therapy resistance remain relatively unexplored. To address this, we investigated the contribution of APOBEC mutagenesis to acquired therapy resistance in a model of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. We find that inhibition of EGFR in lung cancer cells leads to a rapid and pronounced induction of APOBEC3 expression and activity. Functionally, APOBEC expression promotes the survival of drug-tolerant persister cells (DTPs) following EGFR inhibition. Constitutive expression of APOBEC3B alters the evolutionary trajectory of acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, making it more likely that resistance arises through de novo acquisition of the T790M gatekeeper mutation and squamous transdifferentiation during the DTP state. APOBEC3B expression is associated with increased expression of the squamous cell transcription factor ΔNp63 and squamous cell transdifferentiation in gefitinib-resistant cells. Knockout of ΔNp63 in gefitinibresistant cells reduces the expression of the p63 target genes IL1a/b and sensitizes these cells to the thirdgeneration EGFR inhibitor osimertinib. These results suggest that APOBEC activity promotes acquired resistance by facilitating evolution and transdifferentiation in DTPs, and suggest that approaches to target ΔNp63 in gefitinib-resistant lung cancers may have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Marie G Garcia
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Jessica N Becerra
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Brock J McKinney
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Ashley V DiMarco
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Feinan Wu
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | | | - James V Alvarez
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
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13
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Gromke M, Beard B. Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Related to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix. Cureus 2023; 15:e42128. [PMID: 37602093 PMCID: PMC10437085 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with multiple thrombotic events, including deep vein thrombosis, extensive pulmonary embolisms, myocardial infarction, and multiple ischemic strokes suggesting cardiogenic embolization. Recent history was significant for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Echocardiogram revealed large aortic valve vegetations in the absence of evidence of infectious endocarditis consistent with the diagnosis of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE). This case is a rare presentation of NBTE associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Gromke
- Oncology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Bryce Beard
- Radiation Oncology, Rapides Regional Medical Center, Alexandria, USA
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14
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Foster D, Nair HK, Robbins K, Rajeh N. Therapy-Related Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and a Review of Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e42008. [PMID: 37593318 PMCID: PMC10429419 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and while not a common form of cancer, it does make up a modest portion of acute leukemia. The genetic hallmark of APL is the t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2) promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARA) protein. We present the case of a patient who had undergone prior therapy for stage IIIC squamous cell carcinoma of the anorectal region with 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, and radiation and developed therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia about 18 months later. We also review the clinical features and management of APL while also highlighting that therapy-related APL, although uncommon, can develop from chemoradiation. The specific diagnosis of therapy-related APL is its own distinct diagnosis, but its treatment remains the same as primary APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Foster
- Internal Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, USA
| | - Hari K Nair
- Hematology Oncology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Katherine Robbins
- Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Nabeel Rajeh
- Internal Medicine-Oncology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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15
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Mremi A, Mwakyembe T, Wampembe E, Serventi F, Lodhia J. Primary breast squamous cell carcinoma: A case report at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7586. [PMID: 37346880 PMCID: PMC10279938 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Primary SCC of the breast is a very rare disease.Metastasis from elsewhere should be excluded first.The tumor is a very aggressive with poor prognosis.No standard treatment approaches are available.Managed by surgical excision followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Abstract Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is an exceedingly rare disease, and its management is still unclear. A-65-year-old lady presented with a progressive swelling of her right breast that started spontaneously. Other potential primary sites were ruled out. She was kept on a neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (AC-T protocol) of doxorubicin, adriamycin, and paclitaxel. Later, she was underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Her post-operative recovery was uneventful. Currently, she is followed up at oncology outpatient clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mremi
- Department of PathologyKilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
- Faculty of MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Theresia Mwakyembe
- Faculty of MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of General SurgeryKilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
| | - Elizabeth Wampembe
- Faculty of MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of General SurgeryKilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
| | - Furaha Serventi
- Faculty of MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Cancer Care Center, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
| | - Jay Lodhia
- Faculty of MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of General SurgeryKilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
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16
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Gandhi V, Mahajan A, Kansal YP. An Immunohistochemical Analysis for Evaluating the Diagnostic Role of Myofibroblasts in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma using α-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:123. [PMID: 37434928 PMCID: PMC10331533 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_160_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most common types of malignancies affecting the head and neck region is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Little less is known about the role of myofibroblasts in the pathogenetic process of OSCC. Hence, we assessed the involvement of myofibroblasts in the invasive process of OSCC using α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) antibody. Materials and Methods Four study groups in total were organized as follows: 40 cases each of well-differentiated OSCC (WDOSCC), moderately differentiated OSCC (MDOSCC), poorly differentiated OSCC (PDOSCC), and controls make up Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. The percentage of α-SMA immunopositive cells and staining intensity (A) multiplied together to determine the final staining score (B). The final staining index was produced by multiplying staining intensity (A) by the proportion of immunopositive cells that were stained with α-SMA (B) (FSI). Score Zero was graded as Index Zero by FSI while scores One and Two received an Index Low rating, scores Three and Four an Index Moderate rating, and scores Six and Nine an Index High rating. Results Significantly higher expression of myofibroblast was observed in OSCC group in comparison with the control group. However; no significant difference in myofibroblast expression was observed while comparing different grades of OSCC. Conclusion We recommend using myofibroblasts as a stromal marker to track the severity and development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Gandhi
- Department of Human Anatomy, SGRD University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Anupama Mahajan
- Department of Human Anatomy, SGRD Medical College and Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Yash Pal Kansal
- Department of General Pathology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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17
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Al-janabi MH, Zainab H, Wannous H, Dowaji M, Zainab D, Rasheed O, Kannan S, Issa R. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung to the thyroid gland presented as nodular goiter: a rare case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:2162-2165. [PMID: 37229073 PMCID: PMC10205244 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of squamous cell lung carcinoma to the thyroid gland is an extremely rare event. It frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes, liver, adrenal glands, bone, brain, and pleura. Among the lung carcinomas metastasizing to the thyroid, adenocarcinomas are the most common followed by squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Case presentation A 58-year-old male patient presented with bilateral neck swelling. Fine needle aspiration is performed and was undetermined. Ultrasonography of the neck demonstrated multiple hypoechoic nodules with thyroid enlargement. The patient was diagnosed with nodular goitre and he underwent a total thyroidectomy. Microscopically, the Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed thyroid follicles with sheets composed of polygonal cells with pleomorphic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and a moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Keratin pearls were present. Based on histopathological and clinical findings, the final diagnosis was metastatic SCC to the thyroid gland. Clinical discussion Clinically, patients with thyroid metastasis presented with nonspecific symptoms such as thyroid nodule or goitre, cervical discomfort, dyspnoea, dysphagia, or dysphonia. Chemotherapy is used in the case of a poly metastatic tumour and radiotherapy as a palliative treatment whereas radioiodine treatment is not indicated for thyroid metastases. Conclusion Diagnosis of SCC in the thyroid gland as a primary or metastatic neoplasm is a significant challenge. In the absence of specific clinical or radiological signs, pathological studies remain the gold standard for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Deema Zainab
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | | | | | - Rana Issa
- Pathology, Tishreen University Hospital
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18
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Sumulong MC, Coruña JA, Liawrungrueang W. An invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the ankle: a case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:2041-2045. [PMID: 37229092 PMCID: PMC10205208 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One to ten percent of all squamous carcinomas are invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCC), a rare variation of the disease. According to a recent literature review, less than 25 cases have been reported in the foot and ankle, making it especially uncommon in those areas. Case presentation The authors present the case of a male patient, 60 years old, who presented with a progressive mass on his left ankle for 2 years with a history of healed burns in that area. The ISCC was diagnosed using histopathology after which he underwent a marginal excision biopsy and split-thickness skin grafting. Wide-marginal excision and split-thickness skin grafting were done. It was noted that the graft had taken well and that there were clear tumour margins postoperatively. The skin graft was almost completely incorporated. No tumour cells were reported on the margins during the postoperative histopathology. Clinical discussion This case highlights a successful outcome of the patient improved at the 12-month follow-up, and he expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the treatment. Conclusion ISCC of the lower extremities is a rare disease that almost never affects the ankle and is frequently treated inappropriately since it mimics chronic wounds. It is important to have an index of suspicion in patients with a history of chronic irritation to the area of interest. Surgery is the primary option if ICCS is detected. Clear tumour margins are important, and, if done well, excision should be curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Carmelo Sumulong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital, Bacolod City, Philippines
| | - Juan Agustin Coruña
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital, Bacolod City, Philippines
| | - Wongthawat Liawrungrueang
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Division of Research, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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19
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Yousefi M, Naderi NJ, Muhammadnejad A. Comparison of apoptotic bodies' count & mitotic index in oral squamous cell carcinoma with regional lymph node involvement. Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:311-315. [PMID: 37282393 PMCID: PMC10438418 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_490_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES In early stages of oral cancers, 20-40 per cent of cases have occult metastasis in cervical lymph nodes. Biologic imbalance between cellular proliferation and death culminates in metastasis. The importance of cell cycle dysregulation in relation to lymph node involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been established yet. The aim was to determine the association between apoptotic bodies count and mitotic index in relation to regional lymph node involvement in OSCC. METHODS Thirty two methyl green-pyronin stained slides from paraffin-embedded sections of OSCC were evaluated for apoptotic bodies count and mitotic index in relation to regional lymph node involvement using light microscopy. Number of apoptotic bodies and mitotic figures were counted in 10 randomly selected hot spot areas (×400). Average count of apoptotic bodies and mitotic figures were determined and compared with regard to the presence/absence of lymph node involvement. RESULTS The count of apoptotic bodies in cases without metastasis to the regional lymph node was significantly higher than in cases with regional lymph node involvement. The mitotic index was not significantly different between groups in terms of regional lymph node involvement (P=0.24). No significant correlation was found between the apoptotic bodies count (r=-0.094, P=0.72) and mitotic index (r=-0.08, P=0.75) to the number of regional lymph nodes involved. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, it is suggested that apoptotic cell count can be a good parameter for showing the possibility of regional lymph node involvement in people with OSCC who do not have clinical symptoms of lymph node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maede Yousefi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Jalayer Naderi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Muhammadnejad
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Patel AM, Choudhry HS, Desai AD, Shah VP, Patel P, Eloy JA, Roden DF, Fang CH. Prognostic significance of head and neck spindle cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2023; 45:685-696. [PMID: 36584171 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study investigates the prognostic significance of spindle cell histology on overall survival (OS) of conventional head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS The 2004 to 2017 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with head and neck spindle cell carcinoma (HNSpCC) (n = 1572) or HNSCC (n = 242 697) of the oral cavity, major salivary glands, sinonasal tract, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx treated with curative intent. RESULTS Patients with HNSpCC presented more frequently with higher-grade tumors and cN0 disease than those with HNSCC (p < 0.001). In the oral cavity, the HR for death for SpCC compared with SCC was 1.33 (p < 0.001). In the oropharynx, the HR for death for SpCC compared with SCC was 1.47 (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics, SpCC histology had an independent adverse prognostic effect on OS in the oral cavity and oropharynx. SpCC histology does not necessarily portend poorer survival in all HNSCC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman M Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hannaan S Choudhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amar D Desai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vraj P Shah
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Prayag Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jean Anderson Eloy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Saint Barnabas Medical Center-Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dylan F Roden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christina H Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein School of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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21
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Poon WY, Paterson C, McLoone P, Grose D, Schipani S, Lamb C, James A, Wilson C. Survival outcomes in hypopharyngeal cancer in the West of Scotland Cancer Network. Clin Otolaryngol 2023; 48:235-239. [PMID: 36344424 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Key Points
Most patients (82%) present with locally advanced disease.
Most patients (90%) have a smoking history, over one third have poor PS and all have co‐morbidities (58% single, 42% multiple).
7% of patients were unsuitable for investigations to obtain a histological diagnosis, nearly half of patients were unsuitable for anti‐cancer treatment.
In those treated radically, the pattern of treatment failure is loco‐regional.
Multi‐modality treatment with surgery and RT appears to confer a survival advantage in patients with stage 4a/b disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yan Poon
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Derek Grose
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Allan James
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
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22
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Christensen DJ, Tuluc M. Porocarcinoma with YAP1-NUTM1 fusion presenting as a NUT immunohistochemistry-positive lymph node metastasis. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:410-414. [PMID: 36794976 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Porocarcinoma is a rare, malignant adnexal tumor that recently has been shown to contain YAP1-NUTM1 and YAP1-MAML2 fusion transcripts, with nuclear protein in testis (NUT) immunohistochemistry (IHC) positivity in a subset of these tumors. Consequently, NUT IHC may either aid in the differential diagnosis, or represent a confounding factor depending on the clinical scenario. Here, we present a case of NUTM1-rearranged sarcomatoid porocarcinoma of the scalp presenting as a NUT IHC-positive lymph node metastasis. CASE REPORT A mass was excised from the right neck level 2 region with a lymph node initially diagnosed as metastatic NUT carcinoma with unknown primary site. An enlarging scalp mass was identified 4 months later, excised and diagnosed as NUT-positive carcinoma. Additional molecular testing was performed to detect the fusion partner in the NUTM1 rearrangement, confirming a YAP1-NUTM1 fusion. Given this molecular data along with the histopathologic characteristics, the clinicopathologic picture was retrospectively determined to be most consistent with a primary sarcomatoid porocarcinoma of the scalp with metastasis to a right neck lymph node and the right parotid. DISCUSSION Porocarcinoma is a rare entity, and typically only enters the differential diagnosis when the clinical consideration is a cutaneous neoplasm. In an alternative clinical scenario such as the approach to tumors of the head and neck, porocarcinoma is not typically a consideration. In the latter scenario, as seen in our case, positivity with NUT IHC led to the initial misdiagnosis of NUT carcinoma. This case represents an important presentation of porocarcinoma that will occur not infrequently, and pathologists must be aware of this presentation to avoid this pitfall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Lai B, Shen Y, Guminski A, Shumack S, Mulligan SP. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in a haematology-dermatology multidisciplinary clinic. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:291-295. [PMID: 36721350 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Lai
- St George Dermatology & Skin Cancer Centre, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yandong Shen
- Department of Haematology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Guminski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Shumack
- St George Dermatology & Skin Cancer Centre, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen P Mulligan
- Department of Haematology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Rashidian H, Hadji M, Gholipour M, Naghibzadeh-Tahami A, Marzban M, Mohebbi E, Safari-Faramani R, Bakhshi M, Sadat Seyyedsalehi M, Hosseini B, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Emami H, Haghdoost AA, Rezaianzadeh A, Moradi A, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Nejatizadeh A, ShahidSales S, Rezvani A, Larizadeh MH, Najafi F, Poustchi H, Mohagheghi MA, Brennan P, Weiderpass E, Schüz J, Pukkala E, Freedman ND, Boffetta P, Malekzadeh R, Etemadi A, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Kamangar F, Zendehdel K. Opium use and risk of lung cancer: A multicenter case-control study in Iran. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:203-213. [PMID: 36043555 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Opium use was recently classified as a human carcinogen for lung cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We conducted a large, multicenter case-control study evaluating the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. We recruited 627 cases and 3477 controls from May 2017 to July 2020. We used unconditional logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and measured the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. The ORs were adjusted for the residential place, age, gender, socioeconomic status, cigarettes, and water pipe smoking. We found a 3.6-fold risk of lung cancer for regular opium users compared to never users (95% CI: 2.9, 4.6). There was a strong dose-response association between a cumulative count of opium use and lung cancer risk. The OR for regular opium use was higher for small cell carcinoma than in other histology (8.3, 95% CI: 4.8, 14.4). The OR of developing lung cancer among opium users was higher in females (7.4, 95% CI: 3.8, 14.5) than in males (3.3, 95% CI: 2.6, 4.2). The OR for users of both opium and tobacco was 13.4 (95% CI: 10.2, 17.7) compared to nonusers of anything. The risk of developing lung cancer is higher in regular opium users, and these results strengthen the conclusions on the carcinogenicity of opium. The association is stronger for small cell carcinoma cases than in other histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mahin Gholipour
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Marzban
- Clinical Research Development Center, The Persian Gulf Martyrs, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Elham Mohebbi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roya Safari-Faramani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Bakhshi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bayan Hosseini
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Habib Emami
- National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman, Iran
- Regional Knowledge HUB for HIV/AIDS Surveillance, Research Centre for Modelling in Health, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Moradi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Azim Nejatizadeh
- Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Rezvani
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Fars, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Larizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry-Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ballén DF, Carvajal-Fierro CA, Beltrán R, Alarcón ML, Vallejo-Yepes C, Brugés-Maya R. Survival Outcomes of Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Limited Access to Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in a Cancer Center of a Low- and Middle-Income Country. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231189785. [PMID: 37537995 PMCID: PMC10403982 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231189785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the survival outcomes of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients with limited access to immunotherapy and targeted therapy in a cancer reference center in Colombia. METHODS A retrospective analysis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients treated between 2013 and 2018 was performed, majority diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. It was carried out in a public cancer reference center that provides care to patients of low and middle socioeconomic status. Overall survival and progression-free survival were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test. A Cox regression model was performed for univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS 209 patients were included with majority of adenocarcinoma (79.5%). First-line treatment was cytotoxic chemotherapy (50.2%), EGFR-targeted therapy (14.8%), chemoimmunotherapy (1.9%), and ALK-targeted therapy (1.4%). 31.6% received best supportive care. Median time of follow-up was 13 months, median overall survival was 11.2 months (95% CI, 7.9-14.4), 13 months for adenocarcinoma (95% CI, 8.1-17.9), and 2.5 months for squamous cell carcinoma (95% CI, 0.6-4.4) (P < .001). Median progression-free survival was 9.3 months (95% CI, 7.9-10.7) without differences according to the type of first-line therapy. Median time-to-treatment was 55 days and only 54% of patients with a tested actionable mutation in EGFR received an EGFR-targeted therapy as the first-line treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that squamous cell carcinoma histology and receiving best supportive care were independent factors for worse overall survival ((HR:1.8, 95% CI, 1.076-3.082, P=.026) and (HR:14.6, 95% CI, 8.921-24.049, P < .001), respectively). Meanwhile, squamous cell carcinoma histology was an independent factor for worse progression-free survival (HR:3.4, 95% CI, 1.540-7.464, P=.002). CONCLUSIONS Despite advances in precision medicine, during the study period, cytotoxic chemotherapy was the most used treatment in our patients. Furthermore, about a third of them received best supportive care. The use of targeted therapies has been restricted by access to molecular diagnosis and remained low until 2018. Access to immunotherapy should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego-Felipe Ballén
- Clinical Oncologist, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia. Clinical Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Andrés Carvajal-Fierro
- Thoracic Surgeon, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia. Centro de Tratamiento e Investigación sobre Cáncer Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Beltrán
- Thoracic Surgeon, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ricardo Brugés-Maya
- Clinical Oncologist, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia. Clinical Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Schmalbach CE, Ow TJ, Choi KY, O'Leary M, Lin A, Hughley BB, Emerick KS, Moore B, Lee NY, Zandberg DP, Wang SJ. American Head and Neck Society position statement on the use of PD-1 inhibitors for treatment of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2023; 45:32-41. [PMID: 36181317 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A position statement put forth by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) was constructed to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations for PD-1 inhibitor use in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Secondarily, we sought to identify knowledge gaps warranting further investigation. METHODS A literature search utilizing key terms: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous cancer, checkpoint inhibitors, systemic therapy, Program Cell Death, PD-1 (PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar) was carried out to generate evidence-based statements. The statements were distributed among the AHNS membership. Delphi methodology was applied to identify statements achieving 70% or greater consensus among the leadership team. RESULTS Twenty-six position statements achieved consensus. Knowledge gaps for future research included: impact of immunosuppression on cSCC staging and associated treatment; role of PD-1 inhibitors in immunosuppressed patients. CONCLUSION This comprehensive position statement put forth by the AHNS represents majority consensus by practicing head and neck surgeons throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecelia E Schmalbach
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas J Ow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Karen Y Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miriam O'Leary
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alice Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Kevin S Emerick
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Moore
- Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nancy Y Lee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Head and Neck Radiation Oncology, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Dan P Zandberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven J Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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27
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Haller TJ, Van Abel KM, Yin LX, Lohse CM, Douse D, Badaoui JN, Price DL, Kasperbauer JL, Moore EJ. Ultrasound Guided Biopsy in Patients With HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:2396-2402. [PMID: 35275423 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the differences in sensitivity and accuracy between ultrasound-guided and palpation-guided fine needle aspirations (FNA) of suspicious lymph nodes in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) (+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Additional objectives included identifying patient specific factors affecting biopsy accuracy and evaluating potential differences in accuracy between fine and core needle biopsies. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of diagnostic sensitivity was completed at a single tertiary care center between 1/1/2006-12/31/2016. Participants included patients who underwent pretreatment FNA biopsy with HPV(+)OPSCC confirmed pathologically following neck dissection or excisional lymph node biopsy. A true positive (TP) on FNA biopsy was defined as an FNA biopsy concerning for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that was confirmed on excisional biopsy or neck dissection. A false negative (FN) was defined as a negative FNA but metastatic disease identified on excisional biopsy or neck dissection. Sensitivity was calculated as TPs/(TPs + FNs). Sensitivity was compared among techniques using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS A total of 209 FNA biopsies among 198 patients were included in the study, including 31 (15%) palpation-guided FNAs, 160 (77%) ultrasound-guided FNAs, and 18 (9%) ultrasound-guided FNA + core biopsies. Sensitivity was significantly different among palpation-guided FNA, ultrasound-guided FNA, and ultrasound-guided FNA + core biopsies (48% vs. 83% vs. 94%, respectively; P < .001) but there was no significant difference in sensitivity between ultrasound-guided FNA versus ultrasound-guided FNA + core biopsies (P = .31). CONCLUSION The use of ultrasound guidance in FNA biopsies of nodal metastases in HPV(+)OPSCC improves sensitivity compared to palpation guidance alone. Ultrasound guided biopsies are preferred in patients with suspected nodal metastasis from HPV(+)OPSCC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 132:2396-2402, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Haller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn M Van Abel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Linda X Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Christine M Lohse
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Dontre' Douse
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Joseph N Badaoui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Daniel L Price
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Jan L Kasperbauer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Eric J Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
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Yin LX, Routman DM, Day CN, Harmsen WS, Haller T, Bartemes K, Price DL, Moore EJ, Foote RL, Neben-Wittich M, Chintakuntlawar AV, Ma DJ, Price KA, Van Abel KM. Low postoperative lymphocyte count increases risk of progression in human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2022; 44:2760-2768. [PMID: 36129387 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to explore the prognostic role of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) before, during, and after treatment on oncologic outcomes in human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPV(+)OPSCC). METHODS Retrospective cohort at a tertiary center, 2006-2018. Multivariable Cox regressions were used to determine the effect of ALC on risk of progression. Univariate linear regression was performed to determine clinical factors associated with lower ALC. RESULTS All 197 patients underwent primary surgery. Mean (SD) ALC nadirs (×109 cells/L) were: baseline (N = 149): 1.69 (0.56); postoperative (N = 126): 1.58 (0.59); post-RT (N = 141): 0.68 (0.35) and long-term (N = 105): 0.88 (0.37). Lower baseline ALC nadir was associated with worse overall survival (HR 3.85, 95%CI: 1.03-14.29, p = 0.04). Lower postoperative ALC nadir was associated with higher risk of progression (HR 2.63, 95%CI: 1.04-6.67, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Lower baseline ALC is associated with worse survival, whereas lower postoperative ALC is associated with increased risk of progression in surgically treated HPV(+)OPSCC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda X Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David M Routman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Courtney N Day
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - William S Harmsen
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Travis Haller
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathleen Bartemes
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel L Price
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric J Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert L Foote
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katharine A Price
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathryn M Van Abel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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29
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McGrath AM, Chen CL, Abrams B, Hixon L, Grimes JA, Viani E, McLoughlin MA, Tremolada G, Lapsley J, Selmic LE. Clinical presentation and outcome in cats with aural squamous cell carcinoma: a review of 25 cases (2010-2021). J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e420-e432. [PMID: 36066435 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221119144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY Ear canal neoplasia is uncommon in cats. Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma is the most frequently reported malignant neoplasm of the feline ear canal, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm diagnosed in the feline middle ear. However, limited information exists on the outcome of cats diagnosed with SCC of the ear canal, middle or inner ear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the outcome of cats diagnosed with SCC affecting these locations. Medical records were reviewed at multiple institutions to identify cats with a definitive diagnosis of SCC. Twenty-five cats were identified. Eleven cats were treated with surgery, eight with medical management, two with coarse fractionated radiation therapy, two with a combination of coarse fractionated radiation therapy and chemotherapy, one with a combination of surgery and coarse fractionated radiation therapy, one cat with systemic chemotherapy and one cat received no treatment following diagnosis. The median survival time of cats treated with surgery was 168 days vs 85 days (P = 0.28) for those treated palliatively with either medical management, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION This case series documented that SCC of the ear canal, middle and/or internal ear is a locally aggressive tumor that carries an overall poor prognosis. The median survival time for cats treated with surgery was longer than that with any other modality, but this difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha M McGrath
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carolyn L Chen
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brittany Abrams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leah Hixon
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emily Viani
- Department of Surgery, Angell Animal Medical Center, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - Mary A McLoughlin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Giovanni Tremolada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janis Lapsley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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30
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Lingam AS, Koppolu P, Alhussein SA, Abdelrahim RK, Abusalim GS, ElHaddad S, Asrar S, Nassani MZ, Gaafar SS, Bukhary FMT, AlGhamdi AS, Barakat A, Noushad M, Almoallim H. Dental Students' Perception, Awareness and Knowledge About HPV Infection, Vaccine, and Its Association with Oral Cancer: A Multinational Study. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3711-3724. [PMID: 35855757 PMCID: PMC9288190 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s365715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection forms a major etiological factor for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), which has exhibited increased global incidence. Aim To compare the knowledge regarding HPV, its association with OPC, and HPV vaccine among students from different countries, years of the undergraduate program, and gender. Methods The current multinational cross-sectional study was conducted in 886 undergraduate dental students from Egypt, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Sudan through Google survey forms from July 2021 to September 2021. The survey form comprised 27 items divided into four sections. The answers to the questionnaire were compared among students from different countries, different years of the undergraduate program, and males and females. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the correlation between the demographic characteristics of students and their knowledge regarding HPV and OPC. Results Females exhibited a better knowledge regarding knowledge and perception on HPV vaccine, whereas males exhibited a better knowledge regarding HPV and its correlation with OPC, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The third- and fourth-year undergraduate students displayed a higher awareness of OPC and its connection with HPV than other year students, and this variance was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). Third-year and internship students exhibited a more positive attitude and comfort regarding the vaccine and discussing the same with patients than the other educational-level students. Students from India exhibited better knowledge about HPV and its association with OPC than the students from other countries, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion Disparities in knowledge regarding HPV-related oral cancer have been detected among the female and male participants among different nations. From the entire study population, Indian students exhibited better knowledge regarding HPV. Females from all the nations exhibited a more positive attitude and comfort regarding the vaccine and discussing the same with patients than males. The results of this necessitate intervention measures including training workshops and awareness campaigns. Improving their knowledge regarding the same may increase their awareness, resulting in better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Swapna Lingam
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Koppolu
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Ahmad Alhussein
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawa Kamal Abdelrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah Salim Abusalim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally ElHaddad
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Asrar
- Department Oral Biology, Liaquat college of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Zakaria Nassani
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Salah Gaafar
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ferdous Mohammed T Bukhary
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Barakat
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Almoallim
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Zablotska LB, Lane RSD, Randhawa K. Association between exposures to radon and γ-ray radiation and histologic type of lung cancer in Eldorado uranium mining and milling workers from Canada. Cancer 2022; 128:3204-3216. [PMID: 35766801 PMCID: PMC9545258 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background The authors assessed the association between radon decay products (RDP) exposure and histologic types of incident lung cancer in a cohort of 16,752 (91.6% male) Eldorado uranium workers who were first employed from 1932 to 1980 and were followed through 1969–1999. Methods Substantially revised identifying information and RDP exposures were obtained on workers from the Port Radium and Beaverlodge uranium mines and from the Port Hope radium and uranium refinery and processing facility in Canada. Poisson regression was conducted using the National Research Council's Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VI–type models to estimate the risks of lung cancer by histologic type from RDP exposures and γ‐ray doses. Results Lung cancer incidence was significantly higher in workers compared with the general Canadian male population. Radiation risks of lung cancer for all histologic types (n = 594; 34% squamous cell, 16% small cell, 17% adenocarcinoma) increased with increasing RDP exposure, with no indication of curvature in the dose response (excess relative risk per 100 working level months = 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.91). Radiation risks did not differ by histologic type (p = .144). The best‐fitting BEIR VI–type model included adjustments for the significant modifying effects of time since exposure, exposure rate, and attained age. The addition of γ‐ray doses to the model with RDP exposures improved the model fit, but the risk estimates remained unchanged. Conclusions The first analysis of radiation risks of lung cancer histologic types in the Eldorado cohort supported the use of BEIR VI–type models to predict the future risk of histologic types of lung cancer from past and current RDP exposures. Lay summary Lung cancer survival depends strongly on the cell type of lung cancer. The best survival rates are for patients who have the adenocarcinoma type. This study included 16,752 Eldorado uranium workers who were exposed to radon and γ‐ray radiation during 1932–1980, were alive in 1969, and were followed for the development of new lung cancer during 1969–1999. One third of all lung cancers were of the squamous cell type, whereas the adenocarcinoma and small cell types accounted for less than 20% each. Radiation risks of lung cancer among men increased significantly with increasing radon exposure for all cell types, with the highest risks estimated for small cell and squamous cell lung cancers.
Risks of incident lung cancer in male workers increased significantly with increasing radon exposure, with no indication of curvature or differences in dose response between histologic types. The highest risks were observed for the small cell and squamous cell types of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) affects over 890,000 people annually worldwide and has a mortality rate of 50%. Aside from poor survival, HNC pain impairs eating, drinking, and talking in patients, severely reducing quality of life. Different pain phenotype in patients (allodynia, hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain) results from a combination of anatomical, histopathological, and molecular differences between cancers. Poor pathologic features (e.g., perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis) are associated with increased pain. The use of syngeneic/immunocompetent animal models, as well as a new mouse model of perineural invasion, provides novel insights into the pathobiology of HNC pain. Glial and immune modulation of the tumor microenvironment affect not only cancer progression but also pain signaling. For example, Schwann cells promote cancer cell proliferation, migration, and secretion of nociceptive mediators, whereas neutrophils are implicated in sex differences in pain in animal models of HNC. Emerging evidence supports the existence of a functional loop of cross-activation between the tumor microenvironment and peripheral nerves, mediated by a molecular exchange of bioactive contents (pronociceptive and protumorigenic) via paracrine and autocrine signaling. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumor necrosis factor α, legumain, cathepsin S, and A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 expressed in the HNC microenvironment have recently been shown to promote HNC pain, further highlighting the importance of proinflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and proteases in mediating HNC-associated pain. Pronociceptive mediators, together with nerve injury, cause nociceptor hypersensitivity. Oncogenic, pronociceptive mediators packaged in cancer cell-derived exosomes also induce nociception in mice. In addition to increased production of pronociceptive mediators, HNC is accompanied by a dampened endogenous antinociception system (e.g., downregulation of resolvins and µ-opioid receptor expression). Resolvin treatment or gene delivery of µ-opioid receptors provides pain relief in preclinical HNC models. Collectively, recent studies suggest that pain and HNC progression share converging mechanisms that can be targeted for cancer treatment and pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ye
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - D D Jensen
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - C T Viet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - H L Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W M Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,San Diego Veterans Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M D Boada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Tobar PR, Assad RA, Nazal ON, Suárez ER. Ovarian squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:777-779. [PMID: 35900555 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_562_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian squamous cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive ovarian neoplasm, where most of the cases arise from mature teratoma, which represents up to 20% of all ovarian tumors. Moreover, primary squamous cell carcinoma is considered to be related to human papillomavirus infection. The diagnosis is difficult and metastasis from bladder, genital tract, lung, and digestive tract cancers must be ruled out. There are no guidelines for treatment, however, radical surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are the most common approach. We present the case of a young women diagnosed with a de novo ovarian squamous cell carcinoma, as well as the treatment and follow-up that she received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Reyes Tobar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Altamirano Assad
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar Nazzal Nazal
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio R Suárez
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Santiago, Chile
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Quintana DMVO, Dedivitis RA, Kowalski LP. Prognostic impact of perineural invasion in oral cancer: a systematic review. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2022; 42:17-25. [PMID: 35292785 PMCID: PMC9058930 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have evaluated the prognostic significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in oral cancer; however, the results are inconclusive. Purpose To identify the prognostic value of PNI in oral cancer through a metanalysis. Methods A literature review was carried out, searching the MedLine databases via Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs, Cochrane and Websco. Results A total of 56 studies were included. The results indicate that PNI in oral cancer has an incidence of 28% (95% confidence interval (CI) 24-31%); 5-year survival with relative risk (RR) 0.67 (0.59-0.75); 5-year disease-free survival RR 0.71 (0.68-0.75); locoregional recurrence with RR 2.09 (1.86-2.35). Conclusions PNI is a negative prognostic factor in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rogerio Aparecido Dedivitis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head of the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Arora S, Mahesh A, Mahesh NK, Verma N. Spectrum of malignancies among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients at a tertiary level human immunodeficiency virus-anti-retroviral therapy center in a North Indian hospital. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2021; 42:118-124. [PMID: 34909615 PMCID: PMC8628102 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_28_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have a higher risk of some types of cancer. A chronic immunodeficiency state, increased survival in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and predisposition to certain oncogenic viral infections have been postulated as the main reasons. While, the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining cancers (ADCs) is declining in the post-HAART era, non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) are becoming an important cause of mortality in these patients. Materials and Methods: Analysis of the data of HIV-infected patients registered at an apex centre was done for 7 years. All patients were subjected to routine investigations on presentation (baseline) and during follow-up for the occurrence of any malignant disease. CD4 cell counts before starting anti-retroviral therapy and before the diagnosis of malignancy were noted. The date of the last review and the current status/outcome were recorded. Results: Out of 1258, 17 patients were diagnosed with various malignancies. Seven patients (41.2%) had ADCs and the remaining 10 (58.8%) had NADCs. The mean duration between diagnosis of HIV infection and diagnosis of malignancy was 59.53 months. The mean survival duration from the diagnosis of malignancy for all cases was 21 months. The mean survival duration was 29 months and 15 months for ADC and NADC group respectively. Conclusions: NADCs are on the rise in the era of effective use of HAART and increasing life span of HIV patients. The index of suspicion for cancer should be higher in such patients, especially compared to opportunistic infections in view of good immunovirologic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Arora
- Department of General Medicine, Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwin Mahesh
- Department of General Medicine, Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nalin Kumar Mahesh
- Department of General Medicine, Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Niket Verma
- Department of General Medicine, Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Xu G, Fang J, Xu J, Shen Z, Huang C, Jiang Y. Expression and significance of mammalian target of rapamycin in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9930-9938. [PMID: 34874800 PMCID: PMC8810078 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1984719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), Bowen’s disease (BD), and actinic keratosis (AK) with squamous cell differentiation abnormality and its relationship with the degree of tumor proliferation. Thirty cases of clinical paraffin specimens of CSCC, BD, and AK were each collected from Jinhua Fifth Hospital, while 30 cases of normal skin specimens surgically resected in Department of Plastic Surgery were selected as controls. The expressions of mTOR and Ki-67 in tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The positive expression rate of mTOR in the CSCC group was higher than those in the BD group and AK group (P < 0.05), while it was higher in the BD group and AK group than in the normal skin group (P < 0.05). The CSCC group had a higher positive expression rate of Ki-67 than the AK group (P < 0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the pathogenic site [odds ratio (OR) = 1.189, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.028–1.381, P = 0.021], course of disease (OR = 2.059, 95%CI: 1.036–4.087, P = 0.043), and differentiation degree (OR = 1.325, 95%CI: 1.169–1.512, P = 0.001) were independent factors for the positive expression of mTOR. OR>1, indicating that the factor is a risk factor. The expression levels of mTOR in CSCC, BD, and AK were positively correlated with the expression level of Ki-67 (r = 0.827, P < 0.01, r = 0.608, P < 0.01, r = 0.368, P = 0.045). These results suggest that mTOR may be involved in the pathogenesis of CSCC, and related to the proliferation degree of CSCC, as an index reflecting the proliferation status of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongjun Xu
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Jinxian Fang
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Jinlun Xu
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Chiqing Huang
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Yixiu Jiang
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
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Guo D, Chen C, Lv S, Wu G, Shi W, Li H, Hu H. Management of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report. Front Surg 2021; 8:700229. [PMID: 34765634 PMCID: PMC8575694 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.700229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas (SCCP) is a rare malignant tumor that has been reported in individual case reports only. The clinical data on primary SCCP treatment are limited. Therefore, the appropriate management strategy for this disease should be standardized. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 63-year-old man admitted to our hospital for upper left abdominal pain for 2 months without weight loss or jaundice. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen revealed a mixed solid and cystic lesion in the pancreatic tail, measuring 35 × 37 mm in maximum diameter with enhancement. The patient was diagnosed with primary SCCP without metastasis, based on radiological and pathological findings. He did not receive neoadjuvant therapy postoperatively and was followed up by CT and MRI for 18 months without recurrence or metastasis. Result: Complete resection is the most effective treatment for early stage primary SCCP. Abdominal MRI is an effective imaging tool for preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up of primary SCCP. The need for neoadjuvant therapy depends on various factors. Conclusion: Primary SCCP is a tumor with poor prognosis. Risk factor control, early accurate radiologic evaluation, and individualized treatment strategies improve the quality of life and prolong the overall survival period of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danling Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sangying Lv
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Guanzuan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaifeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Hongjie Hu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Doddanna SJ, Nayak MT, Sanath AK, Abedeen MZ. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of gingiva: A rare case report. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:80. [PMID: 34760071 PMCID: PMC8543100 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.326653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an exceptional, aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) because of its unique histological feature and an ominous clinical behavior. Recently, it has been recognized as a high-grade SCC. The most preferential site of occurrence is the upper aerodigestive tract. Because of its aggressive behavior and tendency to metastasize, BSCCs are considered to have poor prognosis. We present a BSCC case in a 60-year-old male, which was clinically diagnosed as an aggressive inflammatory lesion with a differential diagnosis of granulomatous lesion, involving the mandibular anterior gingiva. Till now, only 17 cases of BSCC with gingival involvement have been reported in the literature. Here, we present one additional case of BSCC involving gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Jagaluru Doddanna
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Meghanand T Nayak
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveeer Dental College and Research Centre, TMU, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna K Sanath
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveeer Dental College and Research Centre, TMU, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Zanul Abedeen
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveeer Dental College and Research Centre, TMU, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shahid S, Gao J, Corriero AC, Roszpopa J, Miranda BH. A study of the effects of delayed patient presentation on cutaneous SCC progression. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021:S1748-6815(21)00455-1. [PMID: 34844882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cohort study of patients, who underwent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) excision, was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment times and histopathological features. METHODS We identified all patients who had SCCs excised in October 2020 (pandemic group); the control group included all patients who underwent excision of SCCs during October 2019 (pre-pandemic group). Collected data included SCC subtype, thickness, size, clearance margins, referral details, patient comorbidities and operative data. RESULTS There were 140 patients (174 SCCs; pre-pandemic group=74; pandemic group=100) identified for study inclusion. Both groups were well matched for age, sex, previous history of cancer, cutaneous SCC and histological subtype. There was a delay in median patient presentation time to the GP in the pandemic versus pre-pandemic group (106 days vs. 56 days, p <0.001); this led to a longer overall time to surgery (167 days vs. 110.5 days, p < 0.001). Pandemic group SCCs had larger median Breslow depths (4 mm vs. 3 mm, p = 0.01), a greater proportion of Clark's level 4 and 5 lesions (76.9% vs. 61.1%, p = 0.03), and a higher rate of high (20-40 mm) and very high (>40 mm) risk SCCs as defined by British Association of Dermatology diameter criteria (56.1% vs. 39.2%, p = 0.03), versus the pre-pandemic group. CONCLUSIONS There was a 57-day median SCC treatment delay, and an associated development of higher risk SCCs by the time of surgery. Despite the challenges of a pandemic, patients should seek early consultation for suspicious skin changes, and healthcare systems should maintain skin cancer treatment pathways.
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40
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Mong LC, Liu KF, Lin YH, Wu CY. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma in the sublingual gland. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:869-873. [PMID: 34535351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is rare in the salivary glands, with an incidence of 0.4%. The most commonly affected site is the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular gland. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma in the sublingual gland has been reported only four times in the existing English-language literature. Such tumours are characterized by the presence of a poorly differentiated carcinoma that is surrounded and infiltrated by lymphocytes, and they are strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, patient ethnicity, and prominent radiosensitivity. Wide surgical excision combined with adjuvant therapy has been suggested as the first-choice therapeutic regimen. This report describes the case of a 34-year-old Indonesian woman who was evaluated and treated in Taipei Medical University Hospital. She had a tumour that presented as a painless swelling on the floor of the mouth. The diagnosis was confirmed by conducting an incisional biopsy, and a wide surgical excision with bilateral supraomohyoid neck dissection and free flap reconstruction was performed. The patient also underwent adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. No evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis was detected during the 6 months of follow-up. Subsequently, the patient returned to her home country, and further follow-ups were not conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-C Mong
- Division of Family Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-F Liu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Lin
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Wu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bijani F, Zabihi E, Bijani A, Nouri HR, Nafarzadeh S, Seyedmajidi M. Evaluation of apoptotic effect of crocin, cisplatin, and their combination in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line HN5. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:70. [PMID: 34584648 PMCID: PMC8428283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common oral malignancy with high rate of mortality. Cisplatin, as the most effective chemotherapy drug, has side effects. Considering the studies on the use of crocin in saffron in the treatment of various malignancies, this study aimed at investigating the effects of crocin and cisplatin and their combination on SCC and fibroblast cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this interventional study, HN5 and fibroblast cell lines were treated with different concentrations of crocin (12.5-50 μg/mL) and cisplatin (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μg/mL), and the cells were counted after 24, 48, and 72 h by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version 17, and P < 0.05 was considered the level of significance. In the final stage, flow cytometry after 24 h in terms of the pattern of cell death was done. RESULTS Both drugs had a toxic effect on malignant cells. One point was the high toxic effect of 8 μg/mL cisplatin not only on cancer cells (P < 0.001) but also on fibroblasts. However, combination with 12.5 μg/mL of crocin had the same effect on HN5 cell line, despite the less toxic effect in fibroblasts in comparison with cisplatin alone (P = 0.012). Apoptosis was the pattern of cell death showed by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION Crocin in high concentrations can have not only significant toxicity in cancer cells but also side effects in healthy tissue. It seems that lower doses of crocin, in combination with cisplatin, besides having anticancer effect, can reduce the toxicity of cisplatin in healthy tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Bijani
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shima Nafarzadeh
- Oral Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Seyedmajidi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Maryam Seyedmajidi, Dental Materials Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. E-mail:
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Connor S, Sit C, Anjari M, Szyszko T, Dunn J, Pai I, Cook G, Goh V. Correlations between DW-MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT parameters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma following definitive chemo-radiotherapy. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1360. [PMID: 33960739 PMCID: PMC8388179 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttreatment diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and 18F-fluorodeoxygluocose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (PET/CT) have potential prognostic value following chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Correlations between these PET/CT (standardized uptake value or SUV) and DW-MRI (apparent diffusion coefficient or ADC) parameters have only been previously explored in the pretreatment setting. AIM To evaluate stage III and IV HNSCC at 12-weeks post-CRT for the correlation between SUVmax and ADC values and their interval changes from pretreatment imaging. METHODS Fifty-six patients (45 male, 11 female, mean age 59.9 + - 7.38) with stage 3 and 4 HNSCC patients underwent 12-week posttreatment DW-MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT studies in this prospective study. There were 41/56 patients in the cohort with human papilloma virus-related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV OPC). DW-MRI (ADCmax and ADCmin) and 18 F-FDG PET/CT (SUVmax and SUVmax ratio to liver) parameters were measured at the site of primary tumors (n = 48) and the largest lymph nodes (n = 52). Kendall's tau evaluated the correlation between DW-MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT parameters. Mann-Whitney test compared the post-CRT PET/CT and DW-MRI parameters between those participants with and without 2-year disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS There was no correlation between DW-MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT parameters on 12-week posttreatment imaging (P = .455-.794; tau = -0.075-0.25) or their interval changes from pretreatment to 12-week posttreatment imaging (P = .1-.946; tau = -0.194-0.044). The primary tumor ADCmean (P = .03) and the interval change in nodal ADCmin (P = .05) predicted 2-year DFS but none of the 18 F-FDG PET/CT parameters were associated with 2-year DFS. CONCLUSIONS There is no correlation between the quantitative DWI-MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT parameters derived from 12-week post-CRT studies. These parameters may be independent biomarkers however in this HPV OPC dominant cohort, only selected ADC parameters demonstrated prognostic significance. Study was prospectively registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN58327080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Connor
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesSt Thomas' Hospital, King's CollegeLondonUK
- Department of NeuroradiologyKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of RadiologyGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Cherry Sit
- Department of RadiologyGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Mustafa Anjari
- Department of RadiologyGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Teresa Szyszko
- King's College London & Guy's and St. Thomas' PET CentreLondonUK
| | - Joel Dunn
- King's College London & Guy's and St. Thomas' PET CentreLondonUK
| | - Irumee Pai
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesSt Thomas' Hospital, King's CollegeLondonUK
- Department of OtolaryngologyGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Gary Cook
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesSt Thomas' Hospital, King's CollegeLondonUK
- King's College London & Guy's and St. Thomas' PET CentreLondonUK
| | - Vicky Goh
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesSt Thomas' Hospital, King's CollegeLondonUK
- Department of RadiologyGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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Noguchi S, Hirano K, Tanimoto N, Shimada T, Akiyoshi H. SLUG is upregulated and induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:134-141. [PMID: 34310030 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SLUG, encoded by the Snai2 gene, is known to play a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to cell invasion and metastasis in some types of human carcinomas. However, the mechanisms and roles of EMT in canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have not yet been elucidated. We have previously established canine oral SCC cell lines, including tonsillar SCC, and in this study, we evaluated the effects of SLUG on the phenotypes regarding EMT of canine SCC cells. First, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SLUG is upregulated in canine oral SCC tissues compared to that in non-tumoural oral mucosa. Furthermore, gain-of-function and loss-of-function of SLUG revealed that SLUG partly contributed to migration and invasion of cells, as well as the upregulation of EMT markers such as vimentin and SNAIL. Thus, the current study suggests that SLUG promotes cell migration and invasion through EMT induction in canine oral SCC, as well as human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hirano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nanami Tanimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Terumasa Shimada
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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44
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Manganelli M, Guida S, Ferretta A, Pellacani G, Porcelli L, Azzariti A, Guida G. Behind the Scene: Exploiting MC1R in Skin Cancer Risk and Prevention. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1093. [PMID: 34356109 PMCID: PMC8305013 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most frequent cancers of the skin in white populations. An increased risk in the development of skin cancers has been associated with the combination of several environmental factors (i.e., ultraviolet exposure) and genetic background, including melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) status. In the last few years, advances in the diagnosis of skin cancers provided a great impact on clinical practice. Despite these advances, NMSCs are still the most common malignancy in humans and melanoma still shows a rising incidence and a poor prognosis when diagnosed at an advanced stage. Efforts are required to underlie the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of melanoma and NMSCs, leading to an optimization of the management of affected patients. The clinical implications of the impact of germline MC1R variants in melanoma and NMSCs' risk, together with the additional risk conferred by somatic mutations in other peculiar genes, as well as the role of MC1R screening in skin cancers' prevention will be addressed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Manganelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari-“Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.F.)
- DMMT-Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Guida
- Department of Surgical-Medical-Dental and Morphological Science with Interest Transplant-Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Anna Ferretta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari-“Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari-“Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.F.)
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45
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Porcellato I, Mecocci S, Brachelente C, Cappelli K, Armando F, Tognoloni A, Chiaradia E, Stefanetti V, Mechelli L, Pepe M, Gialletti R, Passeri B, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. PD-L1/PD-1 and CTLA-4 Expression in Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2121. [PMID: 34359249 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In horses, penile squamous cell carcinomas (epSCCs) are among the most common cutaneous neoplastic lesions. These tumors usually arise in benign lesions such as viral plaques and papillomas frequently induced by Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection. In the last decade, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for the treatment of human cancers has demonstrated promising results. Among the most commonly targeted pathways, there is PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and CTLA-4 in the tumor microenvironment of epSCCs to assess the feasibility of an immunotherapeutic approach. Twenty equine epithelial tumors were retrospectively selected and submitted to RT-qPCR for PD-1 and PD-L1 genes. After testing antibodies cross-reactivity by western blotting, immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 and CTLA-4 was performed. Results from RT-qPCR demonstrated that 3/20 cases expressed the PD-L1 gene, whereas the PD-1 gene was not detected. Immunohistochemical positivity for PD-L1 was found only in one case. CTLA-4-positive cells were observe in all cases but were few (Mdn = 4.8; IQR = 2.3-7.1 cells/HPF). In this study group, PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 do not appear to be highly expressed and therefore the use of ICI in epSCCs may not have promising rates of response.
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Yotsukura M, Motoi N, Yoshida A, Yoshida Y, Nakagawa K, Watanabe SI. Squamous differentiation in surgically resected malignant pleural mesothelioma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathol Int 2021; 71:692-696. [PMID: 34255921 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a rare case of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) that developed squamous differentiation. MPM can present various patterns of histology, but squamous differentiation has not been reported in any surgically resected cases to date. The patient was a 50-year-old female without smoking habit who had right MPM and underwent pleurectomy/decortication after chemotherapy. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen found that the MPM contained squamous cancer cells with apparent keratinization close to the tubulopapillary epithelioid tumor cells. Squamous differentiation was recognized close to the mesothelial proliferation, and the topographical origin of the tumor could not be recognized in the lung. The tubulopapillary tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 5/6, Wilms tumor-1, and calretinin, and negative for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), claudin-4, and p40. Squamous cells were positive for cytokeratin 5/6 and p40, and negative for Wilms tumor-1, calretinin, and TTF-1. Loss of BRCA1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) was observed in both the tubulopapillary and squamous tumor cells. Based on the loss of BAP1 and no history of smoking, we diagnosed this case as a rare differentiation of biphasic-type MPM into squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yotsukura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakagawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim Y, Yoo G, Lee DH, Lee CS, Chung C. Spontaneous regression of incidentally diagnosed bronchial squamous cell lung carcinoma after severe bronchitis: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2021; 9:2050313X211010639. [PMID: 34035913 PMCID: PMC8132097 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x211010639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous regression of lung cancer is exceptionally rare. But there have been several intriguing cases reported in early and even advanced stages of lung cancer. Although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated, the inflammation and immunologic response have been suggested as one of the means of spontaneous regression. Chronic inflammation is generally known to induce and aggravate tumorigenesis, but the relationship between cancer and inflammation highly depends on the contexts. Here, we present a case of a 60-year-old male ex-smoker who complained of recurrent hemoptysis, cough, and purulent sputum. The initial chest CT scan revealed diffuse bronchial thickening and an endobronchial mass-like lesion in the left lingular segment. The bronchoscopic and pathological findings also suggested a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma with severe mucosal inflammation. He was treated with antibiotics for the bronchitis during the first 1 week and his symptoms markedly improved. After 3 weeks, he underwent a follow-up examination. Chest computed tomography and bronchoscopy revealed the significant improvement of the bronchial narrowing and mucosal edema. Biopsy was performed several times around the lesion where the tissue was initially taken. However, the pathological results showed only chronic inflammation of bronchi, not cancer cells. Fortunately, there was no recurrence of lung cancer in follow-up chest computed tomography or bronchoscopy for almost 5 years. In this case, the incidentally diagnosed bronchial squamous cell carcinoma disappeared after severe inflammatory reaction of the bronchial wall. The clinician should remind the risk of early lung cancer accompanied with bronchitis in high-risk patients of lung cancer and also be aware that although it is very rare, the lesions could spontaneously regress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjoo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Yoo
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Sik Lee
- Department of Pathology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Metastatic lesions of the pancreas are uncommon. The incidence of pancreatic involvement with squamous cell carcinoma is the lowest among the different histological subtypes of lung cancer. We present the clinical data, pathological findings, and imaging features of two cases of pancreatic metastasis from squamous cell lung cancer with a literature review. A 75-year-old man and a 67-year-old man were both diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic tumors from squamous cell lung cancer during a multidisciplinary team discussion. Both patients were misdiagnosed as having a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas by imaging examination before surgery. Squamous cell lung cancer metastasis to the pancreas is extremely rare, and the atypical clinical and radiological presentations make it difficult to distinguish metastatic tumors from primary pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinglan Li
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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49
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Wang L, Ma X, Chen D, Ren J, Cheng H, Huang G, Wang R, Cheng J. Primary congenital choledochal cyst with squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520946871. [PMID: 32962499 PMCID: PMC7518012 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520946871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma are mostly adenocarcinomas and extrahepatic bile duct squamous cell carcinomas are rare. We report here a case of choledochal squamous cell carcinoma in a young woman who underwent surgery and chemotherapy. The woman presented with abdominal discomfort. A physical examination showed tenderness in the upper abdomen. Laboratory tests showed elevated direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and C-reactive protein levels. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic-solid mixed soft tissue mass in the common bile duct. Pain symptoms in the patient were not relieved and surgical treatment was performed. Postoperative pathological results showed a choledochal cyst complicated by squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated by biliary intestinal anastomosis followed by chemotherapy. However, the patient developed liver metastasis and recurrence at a 6-month follow-up. Primary congenital bile duct cysts with squamous cell carcinoma are extremely rare. Surgical resection is the main treatment option for choledochal squamous cell carcinoma. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy can be used, but the efficacy is poor and chemotherapy does not significantly prolong the patient’s survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Ren
- GE Healthcare China, Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Cheng
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Chia C, Key S, Hasan Z, Virk S, Riffat F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cervical metastases in oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1410. [PMID: 33963809 PMCID: PMC8714539 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of the node‐negative neck in oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), encompassing the hard palate and upper alveolar subsites of the oral cavity, is controversial, with no clear international consensus or recommendation regarding elective neck dissection in the absence of cervical metastases. Aim To assess the occult metastatic rate in patients with clinically node negative oral maxillary SCC; both as an overall metastatic rate, and a comparison of patients managed with an elective neck dissection at index surgery, compared to excision of the primary with clinical observation of the neck. Methods and results A systematic review was performed by two independent investigators for studies relating to oral maxillary SCC and analysed according to PRISMA criteria. Data were extracted from Pubmed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS via relevant MeSH terms. Grey literature was searched through Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Five hundred and fifty‐three articles were identified on the initial search, 483 unique articles underwent screening against eligibility criteria, and 29 studies were identified for final data extraction. Incidence of occult metastases in patients with clinically node negative oral maxillary SCC was identified either on primary elective neck dissection or on routine follow up. Meta‐analyses were performed. Of 553 relevant articles identified on initial search, 29 were included for analysis. The pooled overall rate of occult metastases in patients initially presenting with clinically node‐negative disease was 22.2%. There is a statistically significant effect of END on decreasing regional recurrence demonstrated in this study (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.24, 0.59). Conclusion The results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest elective neck dissection for patients presenting with hard palate or upper alveolar SCC, even in a clinically node negative neck.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zubair Hasan
- Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sohaib Virk
- University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Faruque Riffat
- University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
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