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Garcia Valencia OA, Thongprayoon C, Miao J, Bruminhent J, Craici IM, Cheungpasitporn W. Perspectives on AI-based recommendations for mask-wearing and COVID-19 vaccination for transplant recipients in the post-COVID-19 era. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2337291. [PMID: 38584142 PMCID: PMC11000603 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2337291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing necessity for preventive measures such as mask-wearing and vaccination remains particularly critical for organ transplant recipients, a group highly susceptible to infections due to immunosuppressive therapy. Given that many individuals nowadays increasingly utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI), understanding AI perspectives is important. Thus, this study utilizes AI, specifically ChatGPT 4.0, to assess its perspectives in offering precise health recommendations for mask-wearing and COVID-19 vaccination tailored to this vulnerable population. Through a series of scenarios reflecting diverse environmental settings and health statuses in December 2023, we evaluated the AI's responses to gauge its precision, adaptability, and potential biases in advising high-risk patient groups. Our findings reveal that ChatGPT 4.0 consistently recommends mask-wearing in crowded and indoor environments for transplant recipients, underscoring their elevated risk. In contrast, for settings with fewer transmission risks, such as outdoor areas where social distancing is possible, the AI suggests that mask-wearing might be less imperative. Regarding vaccination guidance, the AI strongly advocates for the COVID-19 vaccine across most scenarios for kidney transplant recipients. However, it recommends a personalized consultation with healthcare providers in cases where patients express concerns about vaccine-related side effects, demonstrating an ability to adapt recommendations based on individual health considerations. While this study provides valuable insights into the current AI perspective on these important topics, it is crucial to note that the findings do not directly reflect or influence health policy. Nevertheless, given the increasing utilization of AI in various domains, understanding AI's viewpoints on such critical matters is essential for informed decision-making and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Garcia Valencia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jing Miao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jackrapong Bruminhent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ramathibodi Excellence Center for Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Iasmina M Craici
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Harvey NT, Palmer DJ, Tucker P, Chakera A, Foster R, Lim W, Trevithick RW, Wood BA. Histological predictors of outcome for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant patients: A case-control study. JAAD Int 2024; 15:51-58. [PMID: 38371661 PMCID: PMC10869928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a significant cause of morbidity for immunosuppressed patients such as organ transplant recipients; however, histological parameters which predict the likelihood of tumor progression are typically based on general population studies in which immunosuppressed patients represent only a small fraction of cases. Objectives To determine the histological parameters which have independent prognostic value for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arising in renal transplant recipients. Methods Case-control study incorporating a retrospective blinded histological review of 70 archived specimens of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed in renal transplant recipients, comprising 10 cases where the tumor had progressed and 60 controls. Results Progression was significantly associated with head and neck location, size, depth, poor histological grade, perineural invasion (including small caliber perineural invasion), lymphovascular invasion, and a desmoplastic growth pattern. Limitations The retrospective nature and the low number of cases compared to controls. Conclusion In immunosuppressed patients both small caliber perineural invasion and a desmoplastic growth pattern may also have prognostic significance in addition to other histological parameters already recognized in formal staging schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Harvey
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Debra J. Palmer
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paige Tucker
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aron Chakera
- Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachael Foster
- Dermatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wai Lim
- Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin A. Wood
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
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Seifert ME, Mannon RB, Nellore A, Young J, Wiseman AC, Cohen DJ, Peddi VR, Brennan DC, Morgan CJ, Peri K, Aban I, Whitley RJ, Gnann JW. A multicenter prospective study to define the natural history of BK viral infections in kidney transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2024; 26:e14237. [PMID: 38341645 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK polyomavirus (BKV) can cause permanent loss of allograft function due to BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVN) in kidney transplant recipients. Besides immunosuppression reduction, there are no consistently effective interventions for BKV infection. Study purpose was to define natural history of BKV infection, identify risk factors for BKV reactivation and BKVN in kidney transplant recipients, and inform the design/conduct of future clinical trials of BKV-targeted therapeutics. METHODS We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study of incident kidney transplant recipients at six U.S. transplant centers. Participants were monitored every 4 weeks for BKV reactivation and followed for up to 24 months post-transplant. We used regression models (logistic, survival, mixed models) to study relationships between BK viremia/BKVN, clinical characteristics, and allograft function. RESULTS We enrolled 335 participants. Fifty-eight (17%) developed BK viremia, 6 (2%) developed biopsy-proven BKVN, and 29 (9%) developed suspected/presumed BKVN (defined as BKV viral load > 10,000 copies/mL without biopsy). Male donor sex was associated with lower odds for BK viremia, whereas recipient Black race was associated with two-fold increased odds for BK viremia. Recipient female sex was associated with more rapid clearance of BK viremia. Persistent BK viremia/BKVN was associated with poorer allograft function by 24 months post-transplant. CONCLUSIONS We identified multiple donor and recipient demographic factors associated with risk for BKV infection and poorer allograft function by 24 months post-transplant. This may help design future clinical trials of therapies to prevent or mitigate the deleterious impact of BKV reactivation on kidney transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Seifert
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Roslyn B Mannon
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Anoma Nellore
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - JoAnne Young
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - David J Cohen
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - V Ram Peddi
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel C Brennan
- School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charity J Morgan
- Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kalyani Peri
- Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Inmaculada Aban
- Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard J Whitley
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John W Gnann
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Yang Y, Chen JH, Zhang SX, Zhu SL, Zhu HM. Association of T Cell Subsets and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio with Long-Term Complications in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942324. [PMID: 38494662 PMCID: PMC10958980 DOI: 10.12659/msm.942324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection and chronic rejection remain major issues for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The present study aimed to explore the association of CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio (CD4+/CD8+) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with long-term infection and chronic renal insufficiency in KTRs. MATERIAL AND METHODS KTRs admitted to a single hospital from June 2014 to December 2021 were divided into infected (164) and non-infected (107) groups based on clinical data. The levels of CD4+/CD8+, PLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive Protein (CRP) in KTRs with long-term infection, and their correlation with chronic kidney insufficiency, were analyzed. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for long-term infection and chronic kidney insufficiency. RESULTS Spearman correlation analysis showed that chronic kidney insufficiency was positively correlated with PLR, and negatively correlated with CRP and CD4+/CD8+ (P<0.05). PLR was positively correlated with CRP, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and NLR, but negatively with CD4+/CD8+. CD4+/CD8+ was correlated with CRP, NLR, and PLR (P<0.05). Survival analysis and survival curves showed that PLR and CD4+/CD8+ were risk factors for long-term infection and chronic kidney insufficiency in KTRs (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS CD4+/CD8+ and PLR were associated with long-term complications, and were risk factors for long-term infection and chronic kidney insufficiency in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jie-Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shu-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Sheng-Lang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Heng-Mei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
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Bertin C, Sitterlé E, Scemla A, Fraitag S, Delliere S, Guegan S, Hermoso DG, Leclerc-Mercier S, Rouzaud C, Lanternier F, Bougnoux ME. Deep cutaneous mycoses in kidney transplant recipients: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae001. [PMID: 38228404 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep cutaneous mycoses (DCMs) are rare infections that extend throughout the dermis and subcutis, often occurring after inoculation with pathogenic fungi. Trends toward a growing incidence have been observed that may be partially related to an increasing population of solid organ transplant patients. The aim of this study is to describe the diagnostics and the outcomes of DCM among kidney transplant recipients so as to optimize their management. We performed a retrospective review of cases of DCM occurring among kidney transplant recipients in our institution over 12 years. Twenty cases were included. Lesions were only located on the limbs and presented mainly as single (10/20, 50%) nodular lesions (15/20, 75%), with a mean size of 3 cm. Direct mycological examination was positive for 17 patients (17/20, 85%) and the cultures were consistently positive. Thirteen different fungal species were observed, including phaehyphomycetes (n = 8), hyalohyphomycetes (n = 3), dermatophytes (n = 1), and mucorale (n = 1). The (1-3) beta-D-glucan antigen (BDG) was also consistently detected in the serum (20/20, 100%). Systematic imaging did not reveal any distant infectious lesions, but locoregional extension was present in 11 patients (11/14, 79%). Nineteen patients received antifungal treatment (19/20, 95%) for a median duration of 3 months, with surgery for 10 (10/20, 50%). There is a great diversity of fungal species responsible for DCMs in kidney transplant recipients. The mycological documentation is necessary to adapt the antifungal treatment according to the sensitivity of the species. Serum BDG positivity is a potentially reliable and useful tool for diagnosis and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bertin
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie clinique, GHU Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Sitterlé
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie clinique, GHU Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Anne Scemla
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, GHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, GHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Sarah Delliere
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology Research Group, Mycology Department, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Guegan
- Service de Dermatologie, GHU Cochin, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Dea Garcia Hermoso
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology Research Group, Mycology Department, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Leclerc-Mercier
- Service de Dermatologie, GHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Claire Rouzaud
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, GHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology Research Group, Mycology Department, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, GHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie clinique, GHU Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE, USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, F-75015 Paris, France
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Pérez AB, Santos Bravo M, Vidal-Verdú E, Páez-Vega A, Vaquero-Barrios JM, Montero JL, Marcos MÁ, Torre-Cisneros J. Real-life experience in two cases of secondary prophylaxis with letermovir for CMV infection in solid organ transplantation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0163023. [PMID: 37902387 PMCID: PMC10714737 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01630-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This observation provides comprehensive data on the clinical correlates of both cytomegalovirus (CMV) genotypic follow-up and clinical monitoring and outcomes for two different solid organ transplantation recipients that received letermovir as secondary prophylaxis. Our study emphasizes that monitoring of CMV disease in the patient and early genotypic detection of resistance mutations are essential when using new antiviral drugs for off-label indication in patients experiencing CMV relapses or not responding to standard antiviral therapy. These cases and the bibliography reviewed can be helpful for other researchers and clinicians working in the field to optimize the use of new treatments for transplant recipients since drug-resistant CMV infection is an important emerging problem even with new developments in antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Pérez
- Microbiology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Santos Bravo
- Centre of Biomedical Research for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Vidal-Verdú
- Centre of Biomedical Research for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Departament of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Páez-Vega
- Centre of Biomedical Research for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Vaquero-Barrios
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Lung Transplantation Section, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - José-Luis Montero
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Liver Transplantation Section, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Marcos
- Centre of Biomedical Research for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Torre-Cisneros
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Departament of Medicine (Medicine, Dermatology and Otorhinolaryngology), University of Cordoba, Spain
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Ullah A, Trostler M, Abuelkasem E, Planinsic R. Perioperative management of isolated pancreas and simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation. BJA Educ 2023; 23:488-494. [PMID: 38009136 PMCID: PMC10667613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Ullah
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M.S. Trostler
- Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - E. Abuelkasem
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R.M. Planinsic
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Haque E, Muhsen IN, Rasheed W, Fakih RE, Aljurf M. Parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25 Suppl 1:e14160. [PMID: 37793057 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a vital treatment for various hematological disorders. However, HSCT recipients face increased risks of infectious complications due to immunosuppression. Parasitic infections are a significant concern in this vulnerable population and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. This review examines parasitic infections in HSCT recipients, focusing on major infections affecting different organ systems, including intestinal parasites (Giardia spp., Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp.), hematologic parasites (Plasmodium spp. and Babesia spp.), and tissue/visceral parasites (Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania spp., and Trypanosoma cruzi). METHODS A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted and included studies up to August 2023. Databases included PubMed, Google Scholar, were queried using specific keywords related to parasitic infections in HSCT patients. The epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches for each infection were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Knowing the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical presentations are crucial for timely intervention and successful management. By emphasizing early detection, effective therapies, and the unique challenges posed by each of these infections, this review highlights the importance of tailored strategies for HSCT recipients. Future research can further refine management protocols to enhance care and outcomes for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emaan Haque
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim N Muhsen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walid Rasheed
- Department of Adult Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riad El Fakih
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Adult Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Adult Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Masroor M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Dong N. Donor/recipient ascending aortic diameter ratio as a novel potential metric for donor selection and improved clinical outcomes in heart transplantation: a propensity score-matched study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1277825. [PMID: 37953761 PMCID: PMC10634287 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1277825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Donor/recipient size matching is paramount in heart transplantation. Body weight, height, body mass index, body surface area, and predicted heart mass (PHM) ratios are generally used in size matching. Precise size matching is important to achieve better clinical outcomes. This study aims to determine the donor/recipient ascending aortic diameter (AAoD) ratio as a metric for donor selection and its effect on postoperative clinical outcomes in heart transplant patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients who underwent heart transplantation from January 2015 to December 2018. A cutoff value of 0.8032 for the donor/recipient AAoD ratio (independent variable for the primary endpoint during unmatched cohort analysis) was determined for predicting in-hospital mortality. The patients were divided into two groups based on the cutoff value. Group A, AAoD < 0.8032 (n = 96), and Group B, AAoD > 0.8032 (n = 265). A propensity score-matched (PSM) study was performed to equalize the two groups comprising 77 patients each in terms of risk. A Cox regression model was developed to identify the independent preoperative variables affecting the primary end-point. The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 361 patients underwent heart transplantation during the given period. On the multivariate analysis, donor/recipient PHM ratio [HR 16.907, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.535-186.246, P = 0.021], donor/recipient AAoD ratio < 0.8032 (HR 5.398, 95% CI 1.181-24.681, P = 0.030), and diabetes (HR 3.138, 95% CI 1.017-9.689, P = 0.047) were found to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Group A had higher 3-year mortality than Group B (P = 0.022). The surgery time was longer and postoperative RBC, plasma, and platelets transfusion were higher in Group A (P < 0.05). Although not statistically significant the use of continuous renal replacement therapy (P = 0.054), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (P = 0.086), was realatively higher, and ventilation time (P = 0.079) was relatively longer in Group A. Conclusions The donor/recipient AAoD ratio is a potential metric for patient matching and postoperative outcomes in heart transplantation. A donor/recipient AAoD ratio > 0.8032 could improve post-heart transplantation outcomes and donor heart utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiullah Masroor
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Amiri Medical Complex, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Touchon F, Bermudez J, Habert P, Bregeon F, Thomas PA, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Coiffard B. Change in diaphragmatic morphology in single-lung transplant recipients: a computed tomographic study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1220463. [PMID: 37822681 PMCID: PMC10562565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The influence of lung disease on the diaphragm has been poorly studied. The study aimed to evaluate the diaphragm morphology (height and thickness) in single-lung transplantation (SLTx), using computed tomography (CT), by assessing the evolution of the hemidiaphragm of the transplanted and the native side. Methods: Patients who underwent single lung transplantation in our center (Marseille, France) between January 2009 and January 2022 were retrospectively included. Thoracic or abdominal CT scans performed before and the closest to and at least 3 months after the surgery were used to measure the diaphragm crus thickness and the diaphragm dome height. Results: 31 patients mainly transplanted for emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis were included. We demonstrated a significant increase in diaphragm crus thickness on the side of the transplanted lung, with an estimated difference of + 1.25 mm, p = <0.001, at the level of the celiac artery, and + 0.90 mm, p < 0.001, at the level of the L1 vertebra while no significant difference was observed on the side of the native lung. We showed a significant reduction in the diaphragm height after SLTx on the transplanted side (-1.20 cm, p = 0.05), while no change on the native side (+0.02 cm, p = 0.88). Conclusion: After a SLTx, diaphragmatic morphology significantly changed on the transplanted lung, while remaining altered on the native lung. These results highlights that an impaired lung may have a negative impact on its diaphragm. Replacement with a healthy lung can promote the recovery of the diaphragm to its anatomical morphology, reinforcing the close relationship between these two organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Touchon
- APHM, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Lung Transplantation, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Bermudez
- APHM, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Lung Transplantation, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Habert
- APHM, Department of Radiology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- LIIE, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- CERIMED, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Bregeon
- APHM, Pulmonary Function Testing Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Martine Reynaud-Gaubert
- APHM, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Lung Transplantation, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Coiffard
- APHM, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Lung Transplantation, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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11
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Schilling JD, Pawale A. PHM in Heart Transplantation: From Predicted Heart Mass to Practical Heart Matching. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010756. [PMID: 37602402 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Schilling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Immunology (J.D.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Amit Pawale
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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12
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Lamoth F, Nucci M, Fernandez-Cruz A, Azoulay E, Lanternier F, Bremerich J, Einsele H, Johnson E, Lehrnbecher T, Mercier T, Porto L, Verweij PE, White L, Maertens J, Alanio A. Performance of the beta-glucan test for the diagnosis of invasive fusariosis and scedosporiosis: a meta-analysis. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad061. [PMID: 37381179 PMCID: PMC10405209 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) is a component of the fungal cell wall that can be detected in serum and used as an adjunctive tool for the diagnosis of invasive mold infections (IMI) in patients with hematologic cancer or other immunosuppressive conditions. However, its use is limited by modest sensitivity/specificity, inability to differentiate between fungal pathogens, and lack of detection of mucormycosis. Data about BDG performance for other relevant IMI, such as invasive fusariosis (IF) and invasive scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis (IS) are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of BDG for the diagnosis of IF and IS through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Immunosuppressed patients diagnosed with proven or probable IF and IS, with interpretable BDG data were eligible. A total of 73 IF and 27 IS cases were included. The sensitivity of BDG for IF and IS diagnosis was 76.7% and 81.5%, respectively. In comparison, the sensitivity of serum galactomannan for IF was 27%. Importantly, BDG positivity preceded the diagnosis by conventional methods (culture or histopathology) in 73% and 94% of IF and IS cases, respectively. Specificity was not assessed because of lacking data. In conclusion, BDG testing may be useful in patients with suspected IF or IS. Combining BDG and galactomannan testing may also help differentiating between the different types of IMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lamoth
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Frederic Lamoth, Infectious Diseases Service and Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Tel: +41 21 314 11 11; E-mail:
| | - Marcio Nucci
- University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Grupo Oncoclinicas, Brazil
| | - Ana Fernandez-Cruz
- Infectious Disease Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Fundación de Investigación Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elie Azoulay
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, Groupe de recherche Mycologie Translationnelle, Département de Mycologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hopital Necker Enfants malades, APHP, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Jens Bremerich
- Cardiothoracic Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, Basel University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Einsele
- University Hospital Würzburg, Internal Medicine II, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) Mycology Reference Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK and MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Toine Mercier
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, AZ Sint-Maarten, Mechelen, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luciana Porto
- Division of Neuroradiology, Pediatric Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul E Verweij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lewis White
- Public Health Wales Mycology Reference Laboratory and Cardiff University Centre for Trials Research/Division of Infection and Immunity, UHW, Cardiff, UK
| | - Johan Maertens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Alanio
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Alexandre Alanio, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université Paris Cité Centre National de Référence Mycoses invasives et Antifongiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris France. Tel: +33142499501; E-mail:
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13
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Candelo E, Darakjian A, Avila-Castano K, Donaldson A. Risk Factors for Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Non-Solid and Solid Transplant Recipients. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023:19458924231177855. [PMID: 37262001 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231177855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transplant patients are high risk for surgery due to their immunocompromised state. There is a paucity of evidence concerning the differences in incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in solid versus non-solid organ transplant. Our aim is to analyze the difference in incidence of CRS requiring endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) between non-solid and solid transplant populations and determine if certain risk factors are associated with increased incidence of recalcitrant CRS in non-solid versus solid transplants. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Multisite tertiary academic center. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of 1303 transplant recipients who were seen in our rhinologic clinic for CRS between 2017 and 2022. A total of 224 patients underwent ESS and were further analyzed for risk factors associated with recalcitrant disease requiring sinus surgery. Subgroup analysis based on solid and non-solid organ transplant was performed. RESULTS Of the 224 patients in the study, 171/224 (76.3%) had solid transplants while 53/224 (23.6%) had non-solid transplants. 17.19% of all transplant recipients required ESS. The incidence of ESS in non-solid transplants was 28.2% versus 57% in solid transplant. The risk of recalcitrant CRS in solid transplant recipients was almost 1.78 times greater than those with non-solid organ transplant (95% CI, 1.27-2.54, p = 0.0005). Individual factors such as certain immunotherapy drugs, pancytopenia, and rejection appear to correlate with the risk of ESS in both non-solid and solid organ transplant. CONCLUSION Risk of ESS was greater in the solid transplant recipients compared to those who received non-solid organ transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephania Candelo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Darakjian
- Biology Department, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Angela Donaldson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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14
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Lim HS, Gustafsson F. Heart Transplantation: Risks and Success. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010623. [PMID: 37192291 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoong Sern Lim
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom (H.S.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (H.S.L.)
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (F.G.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (F.G.)
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15
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Shope C, Andrews L, Brailsford C, Lee LW. Risk factors for development of skin cancer differ between allogenic and autogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)00522-4. [PMID: 37061915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Shope
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| | - Laura Andrews
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Caroline Brailsford
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lara Wine Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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16
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Zabara ML, Popescu I, Burlacu A, Geman O, Dabija RAC, Popa IV, Lupascu C. Machine Learning Model Validated to Predict Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Recipients with Hepatitis C: The Romanian National Transplant Agency Cohort Experience. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2149. [PMID: 36850756 PMCID: PMC9961494 DOI: 10.3390/s23042149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the early period after liver transplantation, patients are exposed to a high rate of complications and several scores are currently available to predict adverse postoperative outcomes. However, an ideal, universally accepted and validated score to predict adverse events in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to establish and validate a machine learning (ML) model to predict short-term outcomes of hepatitis C patients who underwent liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational two-center cohort study involving hepatitis C patients who underwent liver transplantation. Based on clinical and laboratory parameters, the dataset was used to train a deep-learning model for predicting short-term postoperative complications (within one month following liver transplantation). Adverse events prediction in the postoperative setting was the primary study outcome. RESULTS A total of 90 liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C were enrolled in the present study, 80 patients in the training cohort and ten in the validation cohort, respectively. The age range of the participants was 12-68 years, 51 (56,7%) were male, and 39 (43.3%) were female. Throughout the 85 training epochs, the model achieved a very good performance, with the accuracy ranging between 99.76% and 100%. After testing the model on the validation set, the deep-learning classifier confirmed the performance in predicting postoperative complications, achieving an accuracy of 100% on unseen data. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed a ML model to predict postoperative complications following liver transplantation in hepatitis C patients. The model demonstrated an excellent performance for accurate adverse event prediction. Consequently, the present study constitutes the foundation for careful and non-invasive identification of high-risk patients who might benefit from a more intensive postoperative monitoring strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Lucian Zabara
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Surgery, St. Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Burlacu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Geman
- The Computer, Electronics and Automation Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University Stefan cel Mare, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Radu Adrian Crisan Dabija
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Pulmonology Department, Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iolanda Valentina Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Lupascu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Surgery, St. Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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17
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Candelo E, Avila-Castano K, Verez A, Abello-Vaamonde JA, Donaldson AM. Risk Factors for Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Organ Transplant Recipients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:1217-1227. [PMID: 36939492 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies suggest that transplant patients are at risk for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, there is limited information in the literature regarding frequency and reasons for failure of adequate medical therapy. We aim to determine the risk factors associated with the development of medically recalcitrant CRS requiring endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Mayo Clinic. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of 925 transplant recipients seen at Mayo Clinic between 2017 and 2022. INCLUSION CRITERIA (1) a rhinologic consultation after transplant and (2) clinical diagnosis of CRS. A total of 549 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided based on the need for ESS versus successful treatment with medical therapy. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors and predictive variables related to failure of medical therapy. RESULTS Of the 549 patients, 201/549 (37%) had medically recalcitrant disease requiring ESS, while 348/549 (63%) were successfully treated with medical therapy Based on logistic regression, patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis in the pretransplant period were 8.68 more likely to have a recalcitrant disease (95% confidence interval, 3.72-20.28, p < 0.0001). Some of the largest determinants of medical therapy failure in the posttransplant period were CRS with nasal polyps, odontogenic CRS, and noninvasive fungal sinusitis. The presence of neutropenia, aplastic anemia, and living transplant were also associated with medically recalcitrant CRS requiring ESS. CONCLUSION Our predictive model identifies with high accuracy the patients who may be at risk of developing recalcitrant CRS in the organ transplant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephania Candelo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Karol Avila-Castano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Abigail Verez
- Department of Social Science and Public Policy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Angela M Donaldson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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de Crescenzo CM, Chen YW, Chang DC, Yeh H. The Effect of Language on Access to Timely COVID-19 Vaccination of Solid Abdominal Organ Transplant Recipients. Transpl Int 2023; 36:10888. [PMID: 36865665 PMCID: PMC9970985 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In dynamic healthcare environments including the COVID-19 pandemic, it is paramount to communicate health recommendations expediently and clearly. Research has shown social determinants of health affect the impact of COVID-19 on abdominal transplant recipients, but there has been less research on the effect of language proficiency. This is a cohort study of time to first COVID-19 vaccination among abdominal organ transplant recipients in an academic medical center in Boston, MA between 18 December 2020, and 15 February 2021. Cox proportional hazards analysis of time to vaccination by preferred language were adjusted for race, age group, insurance, and transplanted organ. Among 3001 patients, 53% were vaccinated during the study period. Language preference other than English was independently associated with delay to vaccination (0.64, p = 0.001), on adjusted analysis. In addition, Black, Hispanic and other race patients were less likely to be vaccinated than white patients (0.58, 0.67, 0.68 vs. reference, all p < 0.03). Language preference other than English is an independent barrier to solid abdominal organ transplant recipients' access to timely COVID-19 vaccination. Equity in care should be improved by providing targeted services to minority language speakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M de Crescenzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David C Chang
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Heidi Yeh
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Ali SE, Vutien P, Bonham CA, Landis C, Kwo P, Esquivel C, Nguyen MH. Use and outcomes of hepatitis B virus-positive grafts in orthotopic liver transplantation in the United States from 1999 to 2021. Liver Transpl 2023; 29:80-90. [PMID: 35844046 PMCID: PMC9839464 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The demand for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is projected to increase, which indicates a need to expand the liver donor pool. We aimed to investigate the use of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive grafts and the outcomes of recipients undergoing OLT with HBV-positive grafts. We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing all deceased donors and OLT recipients in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database from January 1999 through March 2021. Donor HBV status was positive if hepatitis B surface antigen was positive or HBV nucleic acid testing was detectable. Recipients of HBV-positive allografts were matched 1:5 to recipients of HBV-negative allografts based on recipient and donor age, transplant year, recipient sex, donation after circulatory death, recipient location, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score at transplant. Among the 185,212 potential donors, 422 (0.2%) were HBV positive, and 265 (63%) of the HBV-positive grafts were transplanted (14 of 265 [5.3%] in HBV-positive recipients). The overall discard rate for HBV-positive donors of 37.2% (157/422) remained significantly higher than the discard rate for HBV-negative donors of 26.5% (49,026/185,212) during the study period ( p < 0.001). Recipients of HBV-positive ( n = 209) grafts had similar mortality (log-rank, p = 0.47) and graft loss (log-rank, p = 0.72) rates to the matched recipients of HBV-negative allografts ( n = 1045). The 3-year graft survival rate was 77.9% for the HBV-positive group and 79.7% in the matched HBV-negative group. Based on this analysis, transplant recipients of HBV-positive liver allografts do not experience increased rates of mortality or graft loss. One strategy that may help expand the donor pool and lower the waitlist mortality rate is using HBV-positive allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Emhmed Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center
| | - Philip Vutien
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Washington Medical Center
| | | | - Charles Landis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Washington Medical Center
| | - Paul Kwo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center
| | | | - Mindie H. Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University Medical Center
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Li Z, Wang X, Li D, Cheng S, Dong Y, Yang H, Li X. The Impact of ABCB1 SNPs on Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Liver or Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Meta-analysis. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2323-2335. [PMID: 37817654 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128259239231009112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the association between ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (ABCB1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus. METHODS A search was conducted in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science (SCI), MEDLINE, and Embase from inception to November 2022. Outcomes included weightadjusted daily dose (DD) and dose-adjusted trough concentration (C0/Dose). RESULTS A total of 1059 liver or kidney transplant recipients from 14 publications were included. For adult liver transplantation recipients, DD of ABCB1 3435C>T CC carriers was 0.03 mg/kg/day (WMD = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.05, I2 = 0%) higher than ABCB1 3435C>T T carriers at post-transplantation ≤ 7 days; C0/dose of ABCB1 3435C>T CC carriers were 31.88 (WMD = -31.88, 95% CI: -62.32 to -1.45, I2 = 83.5%) or 34.61 (ng/ml)/(mg/kg/day) (WMD = -34.61, 95% CI: -65.26 to -3.97, I2 = 55.3%) lower than ABCB1 3435C>T T carriers at post-transplantation ≤ 7 or 14 days, respectively. No difference in C0/dose was observed for ABCB1 2677G>T/A or ABCB1 1236C>T SNPs in both liver and kidney transplant recipients. CONCLUSION ABCB1 3435C>T SNP might have a potential impact on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in the early stage after liver transplantation, indicating the probability of individualized immunosuppressive therapy based on genetic polymorphism. Given some limitations, further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to validate these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yiwen Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongge Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
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Aras A, Avanaz A, Inan Aydemir N, Kayaalp E, Ulgen Tekerek N, Kisaoglu A, Demiryilmaz I, Soyucen E, Dursun O, Yilmaz A, Artan R, Aydinli B. Long-term results of liver transplantation for maple syrup urine disease: A single-center experience in Turkey. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14464. [PMID: 36588190 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Despite the advances in medical nutrition therapies, classical phenotype causes severe neurological disorders and sudden death. It is known that MSUD patients do not experience metabolic attacks despite their free diet after liver transplantation (LT). This study aims to reveal the long-term results, development, mental, motor, intellectual and nutritional status of MSUD patients who underwent LT. METHODS The data of 12 patients who underwent deceased donor (5 recipients) and living donor liver transplantation (7 recipients) were retrospectively analyzed. The age, genotype, psychometric and mental status, development, BCAA values, type of LT, donor-recipient proximity, complications, and survival were assessed. RESULTS There were 4 (33%) girls and 8 (67%) boys. The mean current age was 9.33 ± 4.58 years. The mean follow-up time was 3 ± 2.5 years. The repeated measures of leucine and isoleucine values revealed that there were no significant differences from the pre-LT to post-LT 1-year. The protein-restricted nutrition was switched to a free diet when oral intake was opened after LT. None of the recipients experienced metabolic attacks after the living donor or deceased donor LT. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate of the patients is 83.3%. There was no significant difference in survival between living and deceased donor liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Liver transplantation is a treatment option for MSUD in proper conditions to save the patient life, increase the quality of life, and provide essential amino acids with free diet intake for growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Aras
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ali Avanaz
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nurel Inan Aydemir
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ece Kayaalp
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nazan Ulgen Tekerek
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Kisaoglu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ismail Demiryilmaz
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Erdogan Soyucen
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Oguz Dursun
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aygen Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Reha Artan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bulent Aydinli
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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22
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Fu J, Rust D, Fang Z, Jiao W, Lagana S, Batal I, Chen B, Merl S, Jones R, Sykes M, Weiner J. T cell repertoire profiling in allografts and native tissues in recipients with COVID-19 after solid organ transplantation: Insight into T cell-mediated allograft protection from viral infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056703. [PMID: 36591281 PMCID: PMC9795050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the body, and why the effects are more severe in certain patients, remain incompletely understood. One population of special interest is transplant recipients because of their immunosuppressed state. Understanding the pathophysiology of graft dysfunction in transplant patients with the COVID-19 viral syndrome is important for prognosticating the risk to the graft as well as understanding how best to prevent and, if necessary, treat graft injury in these patients. Methods We analyzed multiple types of solid organ transplant recipients (liver, kidney, heart or lung) at our institution who died from SARS-CoV-2 and underwent autopsy (n = 6) or whose grafts were biopsied during active SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 8). Their serum inflammatory markers were examined together with the histological appearance, viral load, and TCR repertoire of their graft tissue and, for autopsy patients, several native tissues. Results Histology and clinical lab results revealed a systemic inflammatory pattern that included elevated inflammatory markers and diffuse tissue damage regardless of graft rejection. Virus was detected throughout all tissues, although most abundant in lungs. The TCR repertoire was broadly similar throughout the tissues of each individual, with greater sharing of dominant clones associated with more rapid disease course. There was no difference in viral load or clonal distribution of overall, COVID-associated, or putative SARS-CoV-2-specific TCRs between allograft and native tissue. We further demonstrated that SARSCoV-2-specific TCR sequences in transplant patients lack a donor HLArestricted pattern, regardless of distribution in allograft or native tissues,suggesting that recognition of viral antigens on infiltrating recipient cells can effectively trigger host T cell anti-viral responses in both the host and graft. Discussion Our findings suggest a systemic immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in solid organ transplant patients that is not associated with rejection and consistent with a largely destructive effect of recipient HLA-restricted T cell clones that affects donor and native organs similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jianing Fu, ; Joshua Weiner,
| | - Dylan Rust
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhou Fang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wenyu Jiao
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Lagana
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ibrahim Batal
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bryan Chen
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Merl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Weiner
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jianing Fu, ; Joshua Weiner,
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23
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Thomson IK, Hedley J, Rosales BM, Wyburn K, O'Leary MJ, Webster AC. Potential organ donors with primary brain tumours: missed opportunities for donation and transplantation identified in Australian cohort study 2010-2015. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:2996-3003. [PMID: 36129448 PMCID: PMC9826272 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential organ donors with primary brain tumours (PBT) frequently donate, however some may be declined due to uncertainty about tumour classification or transmission risk to transplant recipients. We sought to describe transmission risk and donation outcome of potential donors with PBT, including identifying missed opportunities for transplantation, and any PBT transmission events. METHODS We undertook a population-based cohort study in NSW of all potential donors 2010-2015. PBT potential donors were characterized according to tumour grade and transmission risk, and whether they donated organs. Data linkage was used to determine agreement of risk assessment of potential donors to that in the Biovigilance Register, and to identify any PBT transmissions. RESULTS Of 2957 potential donors, 76 (3%) had PBTs. There was agreement of risk assessment in 44 (58%) cases. PBT potential donors had fewer comorbidities (1.6 vs. 2.1, P = 0.006) than non-PBT potential donors. Forty-eight (63%) potential donors were declined for non-PBT reasons, 18 (24%) were declined because of perceived PBT transmission risk and 10 (13%) donated. All PBT donors had WHO-I or -II tumours, and none had a ventriculo-pertioneal shunt. No transmission events occurred. CONCLUSION Donors with WHO-I/II PBT appear to have minimal risk of tumour transmission in solid organ transplantation; it is reassuring that no PBT transmission occurred. There is evidence of risk aversion to referrals with WHO-III/IV tumours. There exists opportunity to improve potential donor risk assessment at the time of referral using integrated data sets, and to increase organ donation and transplantation rates through greater utilization of PBT referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen K. Thomson
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - James Hedley
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Brenda M. Rosales
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kate Wyburn
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia,Renal DepartmentRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael J. O'Leary
- Intensive Care UnitRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia,New South Wales Organ and Tissue Donation ServiceKogarahNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Angela C. Webster
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia,Centre for Transplant and Renal ResearchWestmead HospitalWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
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24
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Ghoshal U, Siddiqui T, Tejan N, Verma S, Pandey A, Ghoshal UC. Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients - A Twelve years experience from a tertiary care centre in Northern India. Trop Parasitol 2022; 12:94-98. [PMID: 36643989 PMCID: PMC9832499 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_79_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Cyclosporiasis is an emerging enteric coccidian parasitic disease worldwide, caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. There is scanty data from India, especially among immunocompetent patients. Aims The aim is to evaluate the occurrence of Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Settings and Design It is a prospective cohort study conducted from June 2006 to May 2018 at our tertiary care center. Materials and Methods Stool samples were collected from the 900 patients with diarrhea (both immunocompetent and immunocompromised) and 170 healthy controls to look for Cyclospora by modified Kinyoun staining. Statistical Analysis Mann-Whitney U test/Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results Oocysts of C. cayetanensis were detected in 10/900 patients and none of the healthy controls. The median age of patients was 38.5 years (10-65 years) and males (6/10) outnumbered the females in harboring the parasite. Eight patients were immunocompromised (five postrenal transplant cases and one-one patient each with HIV, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and juvenile polyarthritis), and two patients were immunocompetent. Cyclospora infection was more common in immunocompromised patients (8/300, 2.67%) than the immunocompetent patients (2/600, 0.33%); P < 0.001. Eight patients responded well to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, one died, and one was lost to follow-up. Coinfection with Cryptosporidium spp. was seen in one patient. Conclusion Cyclospora causes diarrhea in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons. Its burden may be underestimated due to a lack of awareness and appropriate diagnostic methods. Special staining techniques are important for diagnosis as they may be missed by routine microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tasneem Siddiqui
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Tejan
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheetal Verma
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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25
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Abstract
We report a case of Anncaliia algerae microsporidia infection in an immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipient in China. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy initially failed to identify A. algerae, which eventually was detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Our case highlights the supporting role of metagenomic sequencing in early identification of uncommon pathogens.
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26
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Hong N, Lee J, Kim HW, Jeong JJ, Huh KH, Rhee Y. Machine Learning-Derived Integer-Based Score and Prediction of Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism among Kidney Transplant Recipients: An Integer-Based Score to Predict Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1026-1035. [PMID: 35688469 PMCID: PMC9269627 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.15921221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tertiary hyperparathyroidism in kidney allograft recipients is associated with bone loss, allograft dysfunction, and cardiovascular mortality. Accurate pretransplant risk prediction of tertiary hyperparathyroidism may support individualized treatment decisions. We aimed to develop an integer score system that predicts the risk of tertiary hyperparathyroidism using machine learning algorithms. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We used two separate cohorts: a derivation cohort with the data of kidney allograft recipients (n=669) who underwent kidney transplantation at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea between January 2009 and December 2015 and a multicenter registry dataset (the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Kidney Transplantation) as an external validation cohort (n=542). Tertiary hyperparathyroidism was defined as post-transplant parathyroidectomy. The derivation cohort was split into 75% training set (n=501) and 25% holdout test set (n=168) to develop prediction models and integer-based score. RESULTS Tertiary hyperparathyroidism requiring parathyroidectomy occurred in 5% and 2% of the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Three top predictors (dialysis duration, pretransplant intact parathyroid hormone, and serum calcium level measured at the time of admission for kidney transplantation) were identified to create an integer score system (dialysis duration, pretransplant serum parathyroid hormone level, and pretransplant calcium level score [DPC]; 0-15 points) to predict tertiary hyperparathyroidism. The median DPC score was higher in participants with post-transplant parathyroidectomy than in those without (13 versus three in derivation; 13 versus four in external validation; P<0.001 for all). Pretransplant dialysis duration, pretransplant serum parathyroid hormone level, and pretransplant calcium level score predicted post-transplant parathyroidectomy with comparable performance with the best-performing machine learning model in the test set (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.94 versus 0.92; area under the precision-recall curve: 0.52 versus 0.47). Serial measurement of DPC scores (≥13 at least two or more times, 3-month interval) during 12 months prior to kidney transplantation improved risk classification for post-transplant parathyroidectomy compared with single-time measurement (net reclassification improvement, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.54; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS A simple integer-based score predicted the risk of tertiary hyperparathyroidism in kidney allograft recipients, with improved classification by serial measurement compared with single-time measurement. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Kidney Transplantation (KNOW-KT), NCT02042963 PODCAST: This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_06_10_CJN15921221.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Ju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Xing S, Zhang H, Qiu Y, Pan M, Zeng W, Zhang J. Clinical Characteristics of Transplant Recipients Infected with Talaromyces Marneffei: 2 Case Reports and a Literature Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2879-2890. [PMID: 35686193 PMCID: PMC9172725 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s363362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of transplant recipients infected with Talaromyces marneffei (TM). Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 2 patients with Talaromycosis marneffei (TSM) and transplants at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, and a systematic literature review was conducted simultaneously. Results This article reported two patients after kidney transplantation who developed fever, cough within 3-4 months. Their haemoglobin was decreased. Their chest computed tomography (CT) showed nodules. TM was detected in their blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples by next-generation sequencing (NGS). After antifungal treatment with voriconazole (VOR), one patient worsened, the other patient died. A total of 21 patients with TSM after transplants were reported in the literature review. Fourteen underwent kidney transplantation, 4 underwent liver transplantation, 2 underwent lung transplantation, and 1 underwent bone marrow transplantation. The median time from initiating the postoperative immunosuppressive therapy to the onset of symptoms or disease changes was 18 (0.5-140) months. Among them, 9 patients developed fever, 7 patients developed cough or expectoration and 4 patients developed dyspnoea. Haemoglobin was decreased in 10 patients. Pulmonary nodules were found in 7 patients. Among the 21 patients, 7 were diagnosed by positive culture, 6 by biopsy, 5 by culture and biopsy. Of the 21 patients, 13 patients improved by antifungal therapy, 8 patients worsened or died. Seven patients who received amphotericin B followed by itraconazole (ITR) therapy all improved. Regarding the use of immunosuppressants in 12 patients, 9 patients had to discontinue or reduce their medications (6 patients improved, 3 patients worsened or died). Conclusion Patients with TSM after transplant often have disseminated infections, involving the respiratory, hematopoietic and so on. Fever, cough, decreased haemoglobin and pulmonary nodules often occur approximately 18 months after surgery. The combined applications of culture, biopsy, NGS are helpful for an early diagnosis. Antifungal therapy with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole is recommended, and the dosage of the immunosuppressant should be adjusted timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suke Xing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mianluan Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Singer J, Aouad LJ, Wyburn K, Gracey DM, Ying T, Chadban SJ. The Utility of Pre- and Post-Transplant Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests: Identifying Kidney Transplant Recipients With or at Risk of New Onset Diabetes After Transplant. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10078. [PMID: 35368638 PMCID: PMC8967957 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: New onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) is common in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Identifying patients at risk prior to transplant may enable strategies to mitigate NODAT, with a pre-transplant oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) suggested by the KDIGO 2020 Guidelines for this purpose. Methods: We investigated the utility of pre- and post-transplant OGTTs to stratify risk and diagnose NODAT in a retrospective, single-centre cohort study of all non-diabetic KTRs transplanted between 2003 and 2018. Results: We identified 597 KTRs who performed a pre-transplant OGTT, of which 441 had their post-transplant glycaemic status determined by a clinical diagnosis of NODAT or OGTT. Pre-transplant dysglycaemia was identified in 28% of KTRs and was associated with increasing age (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.03), and peritoneal dialysis (p < 0.001). Post-transplant dysglycaemia was common with NODAT and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) occurring in 143 (32%) and 121 (27%) patients, respectively. Pre-transplant IGT was strongly associated with NODAT development (OR 3.8, p < 0.001). Conclusion: A pre-transplant OGTT identified candidates at increased risk of post-transplant dysglycaemia and NODAT, as diagnosed by an OGTT. Robust prospective trials are needed to determine whether various interventions can reduce post-transplant risk for candidates with an abnormal pre-transplant OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Singer
- Department of Renal Medicine, Kidney Centre, Level 2 Professor Marie Bashir Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kidney Node, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leyla J Aouad
- Department of Renal Medicine, Kidney Centre, Level 2 Professor Marie Bashir Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kidney Node, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Wyburn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Kidney Centre, Level 2 Professor Marie Bashir Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kidney Node, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Gracey
- Department of Renal Medicine, Kidney Centre, Level 2 Professor Marie Bashir Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kidney Node, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracey Ying
- Department of Renal Medicine, Kidney Centre, Level 2 Professor Marie Bashir Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kidney Node, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven J Chadban
- Department of Renal Medicine, Kidney Centre, Level 2 Professor Marie Bashir Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kidney Node, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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29
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Vinson AJ, Singh S, Chadban S, Cherney D, Gaber O, Gill JS, Helgeson E, Herzog CA, Jardine M, Jha V, Kasiske BL, Mannon RB, Michos ED, Mottl AK, Newby K, Roy-Chaudhury P, Sawinski D, Sharif A, Sridhar VS, Tuttle KR, Vock DM, Matas A. Premature Death in Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Time for Trials is Now. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:665-673. [PMID: 35292438 PMCID: PMC8970447 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Vinson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sunita Singh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Chadban
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Cherney
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Osama Gaber
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John S Gill
- Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Erika Helgeson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Charles A Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare/University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Meg Jardine
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, New Delhi, India
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Bertram L Kasiske
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare/University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Roslyn B Mannon
- Division of Nephology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amy K Mottl
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristin Newby
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, WG (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina
| | - Deirdre Sawinski
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Adnan Sharif
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vikas S Sridhar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Nephrology Division and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Providence Medical Research Center, Spokane, Washington
| | - David M Vock
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Arthur Matas
- Division of Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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30
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Santos Bravo M, Tilloy V, Plault N, Palomino SS, Mosquera MM, Navarro Gabriel M, Fernández Avilés F, Suárez Lledó M, Rovira M, Moreno A, Linares L, Bodro M, Hantz S, Alain S, Marcos MÁ. Assessment of UL56 Mutations before Letermovir Therapy in Refractory Cytomegalovirus Transplant Recipients. Microbiol Spectr 2022;:e0019122. [PMID: 35343771 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00191-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations in the UL56 terminase subunit and its associated phenotypes were studied in the context of cytomegalovirus (CMV) transplant recipients clinically resistant to DNA-polymerase inhibitors, naive to letermovir. R246C was the only UL56 variant detected by standard and deep sequencing, located within the letermovir-resistance-associated region (residues 230–370). R246C emerged in 2/80 transplant recipients (1 hematopoietic and 1 heart) since first cytomegalovirus replication and responded transiently to various alternative antiviral treatments in vivo. Recombinant phenotyping showed R246C conferred an advanced viral fitness and was sensitive to ganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet, maribavir, and letermovir. These results demonstrate a low rate (2.5%) of natural occurring polymorphisms within the letermovir-resistant-associated region before its administration. Identification of high replicative capacity variants in patients not responding to treatment or experiencing relapses could be helpful to guide further therapy and dosing of antiviral molecules. IMPORTANCE We provide comprehensive data on the clinical correlates of both CMV genotypic follow-up by standard and deep sequencing and the clinical outcomes, as well as recombinant phenotypic results of this novel mutation. Our study emphasizes that the clinical follow-up in combination with genotypic and phenotypic studies is essential for the assessment and optimization of patients experiencing HCMV relapses or not responding to antiviral therapy. This information may be important for other researchers and clinicians working in the field to improve the care of transplant patients since drug-resistant CMV infections are an important emerging problem even with the new antiviral development.
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31
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Feldman AG, Moore S, Bull S, Morris MA, Wilson K, Bell C, Collins MM, Denize KM, Kempe A. A Smartphone App to Increase Immunizations in the Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Population: Development and Initial Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e32273. [PMID: 35023840 PMCID: PMC8796049 DOI: 10.2196/32273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine-preventable infections result in significant morbidity, mortality, and costs in pediatric transplant recipients. However, at the time of transplant, less than 20% of children are up-to-date for age-appropriate immunizations that could prevent these diseases. Smartphone apps have the potential to increase immunization rates through their ability to provide vaccine education, send vaccine reminders, and facilitate communication between parents and a multidisciplinary medical group. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the development of a smartphone app, Immunize PediatricTransplant, to promote pretransplant immunization and to report on app functionality and usability when applied to the target population. Methods We used a mixed methods study design guided by the Mobile Health Agile Development and Evaluation Lifecycle. We first completed a formative research including semistructured interviews with transplant stakeholders (12 primary care physicians, 40 parents or guardians of transplant recipients, 11 transplant nurse coordinators, and 19 transplant subspecialists) to explore the acceptability of an immunization app to be used in the pretransplant period. Based on these findings, CANImmunize Inc developed the Immunize PediatricTransplant app. We next held 2 focus group discussions with 5-6 transplant stakeholders/group (n=11; 5 parents of transplant recipients, 2 primary care physicians, 2 transplant nurse coordinators, and 2 transplant subspecialists) to receive feedback on the app. After the app modifications were made, alpha testing was conducted on the functional prototype. We then implemented beta testing with 12 stakeholders (6 parents of transplant recipients, 2 primary care doctors, 2 transplant nurse coordinators, and 2 transplant subspecialists) to refine the app through an iterative process. Finally, the stakeholders completed the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) to assess the functionality and quality of the app. Results A new Android- and Apple-compatible app, Immunize PediatricTransplant, was developed to improve immunization delivery in the pretransplant period. The app contains information about vaccine use in the pretransplant period, houses a complete immunization record for each child, includes a communication tool for parents and care providers, and sends automated reminders to parents and care providers when immunizations are due. During usability testing, the stakeholders were able to enter a mock vaccine record containing 16 vaccines in an average of 8.1 minutes (SD 1.8) with 87% accuracy. The stakeholders rated engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information quality of the app as 4.2/5, 4.5/5, 4.6/5, and 4.8/5, respectively. All participants reported that they would recommend this app to families and care teams with a child awaiting solid organ transplant. Conclusions Through a systematic, user-centered, agile, iterative approach, the Immunize PediatricTransplant app was developed to improve immunization delivery in the pretransplant period. The app tested well with end users. Further testing and agile development among patients awaiting transplant are needed to understand real-world acceptability and effectiveness in improving immunization rates in children awaiting transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G Feldman
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, Aurora, CO, United States.,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Susan Moore
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, Aurora, CO, United States.,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sheana Bull
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Megan A Morris
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, Aurora, CO, United States.,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kumanan Wilson
- Bruyere and Ottawa Hospital Research Institutes, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Allison Kempe
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, Aurora, CO, United States.,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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32
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Laguë SL, Bone JN, Samuel R, Voss C, Balbacid E, Hosking MCK, Schubert S, Harris KC. Patterns of Early Coronary Artery Changes in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients Detected Using Optical Coherence Tomography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:e012486. [PMID: 35041446 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.012486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac allograft vasculopathy, the leading cause of graft failure in pediatric heart transplant recipients, is characterized by diffuse and concentric coronary intimal thickening. Early treatment yields better outcomes. While coronary angiography is the standard for cardiac allograft vasculopathy screening and diagnosis, it only identifies luminal narrowing, which occurs in more severe disease. Coronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-definition intravascular imaging modality that may offer earlier diagnosis. We used OCT to investigate coronary intimal thickening in pediatric transplant recipients and examined its (1) location (ie, vessel type and location) and (2) nature (ie, characteristics of cross-sectional and longitudinal thickening). METHODS Sites collected coronary angiography and OCT data from participants (N=258 vessel segments from 73 individuals; median age: 11.5 years [8.4-15.3]; 55% male). Images were collected from the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries, and location (ie, proximal, middle, and distal) were classified using coronary angiography. RESULTS OCT identified 32 vessel segments meeting criteria for significant thickening, 88% of which were angiographically silent. Longitudinal thickening was segmental rather than global in 88%, and cross-sectional thickening was 48% eccentric and 52% concentric. Intimal thickening prevalence and severity measures did not consistently differ between coronary artery type (P=1.000) or location (P=0.248) but increased with time since transplant and age at transplant and OCT procedure. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric transplant recipients, we observed a surprisingly high prevalence of segmental and eccentric intimal thickening. Insights from intravascular imaging suggest these patterns of coronary vascular changes may precede overt cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Identifying early changes may offer opportunity for enhanced surveillance and earlier intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine L Laguë
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.L.L.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (S.L.L., R.S., C.V., M.C.K.H., K.C.H.)
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (J.N.B., E.B.)
| | - Rosh Samuel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (S.L.L., R.S., C.V., M.C.K.H., K.C.H.)
| | - Christine Voss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (S.L.L., R.S., C.V., M.C.K.H., K.C.H.)
| | - Enrique Balbacid
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (J.N.B., E.B.)
| | - Martin C K Hosking
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (S.L.L., R.S., C.V., M.C.K.H., K.C.H.)
| | - Stephan Schubert
- Pediatric Cardiology Department, La Paz Children's University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (S.S.).,German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany (S.S.).,Center for Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Heart, and Diabetes Center NRW, University Clinic of Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany (S.S.).,Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Kevin C Harris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (S.L.L., R.S., C.V., M.C.K.H., K.C.H.)
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Roberts SC, Palacios CF, Grubaugh ND, Alpert T, Ott IM, Breban MI, Martinello RA, Smith C, Davis MW, Mcmanus D, Tirmizi S, Topal JE, Azar MM, Malinis M. An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 on a transplant unit in the early vaccination era. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 24:e13782. [PMID: 34969164 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. We describe the first nosocomial outbreak investigation on an immunocompromised inpatient unit aided by SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing. Two patients were identified as potential index cases; one presented with diarrhea and the other tested positive on hospital day 18 after developing hypoxemia and subsequently testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Following identification of the SARS-CoV-2 cluster, the unit was closed to new admissions, and the remaining patients and staff members underwent surveillance SARS-CoV-2 testing. Four additional patients and four staff members tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 were treated with bamlanivimab and all were alive at discharge. The unit was then re-opened with no additional positives reported since the initial outbreak. Preventing SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in transplant units poses unique challenges as patients may have atypical presentations of COVID-19. Immunocompromised patients who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 while asymptomatic may benefit from monoclonal antibody therapy to prevent disease progression. All hospital staff members working with immunocompromised patients should be promptly encouraged to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Roberts
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.,Department of Infection Prevention, Yale New Haven Health
| | - Carlo Foppiano Palacios
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health
| | - Tara Alpert
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health
| | - Isabel M Ott
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health
| | - Mallery I Breban
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health
| | -
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Richard A Martinello
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.,Department of Infection Prevention, Yale New Haven Health.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Cindy Smith
- Department of Infection Prevention, Yale New Haven Health
| | | | - Dayna Mcmanus
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Yale New Haven Hospital
| | - Samad Tirmizi
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Yale New Haven Hospital
| | - Jeffrey E Topal
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health
| | - Marwan M Azar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
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34
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Avery RK, Alain S, Alexander BD, Blumberg EA, Chemaly RF, Cordonnier C, Duarte RF, Florescu DF, Kamar N, Kumar D, Maertens J, Marty FM, Papanicolaou GA, Silveira FP, Witzke O, Wu J, Sundberg AK, Fournier M. Maribavir for Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infections With or Without Resistance Post-Transplant: Results From a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:690-701. [PMID: 34864943 PMCID: PMC9464078 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies for refractory cytomegalovirus infections (with or without resistance [R/R]) in transplant recipients are limited by toxicities. Maribavir has multimodal anti-cytomegalovirus activity through the inhibition of UL97 protein kinase. METHODS In this phase 3, open-label study, hematopoietic-cell and solid-organ transplant recipients with R/R cytomegalovirus were randomized 2:1 to maribavir 400 mg twice daily or investigator-assigned therapy (IAT; valganciclovir/ganciclovir, foscarnet, or cidofovir) for 8 weeks, with 12 weeks of follow-up. The primary endpoint was confirmed cytomegalovirus clearance at end of week 8. The key secondary endpoint was achievement of cytomegalovirus clearance and symptom control at end of week 8, maintained through week 16. RESULTS 352 patients were randomized (235 maribavir; 117 IAT). Significantly more patients in the maribavir versus IAT group achieved the primary endpoint (55.7% vs 23.9%; adjusted difference [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 32.8% [22.80-42.74]; P < .001) and key secondary endpoint (18.7% vs 10.3%; adjusted difference [95% CI]: 9.5% [2.02-16.88]; P = .01). Rates of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were similar between groups (maribavir, 97.4%; IAT, 91.4%). Maribavir was associated with less acute kidney injury versus foscarnet (8.5% vs 21.3%) and neutropenia versus valganciclovir/ganciclovir (9.4% vs 33.9%). Fewer patients discontinued treatment due to TEAEs with maribavir (13.2%) than IAT (31.9%). One patient per group had fatal treatment-related TEAEs. CONCLUSIONS Maribavir was superior to IAT for cytomegalovirus viremia clearance and viremia clearance plus symptom control maintained post-therapy in transplant recipients with R/R cytomegalovirus. Maribavir had fewer treatment discontinuations due to TEAEs than IAT. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02931539 (SOLSTICE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin K Avery
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie Alain
- Department of Virology and National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Limoges University Hospital, UMR Inserm 1092, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Barbara D Alexander
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily A Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roy F Chemaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine Cordonnier
- Haematology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital and University Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Rafael F Duarte
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana F Florescu
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, INFINITY-Inserm U1291-CNRS U5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johan Maertens
- Haematology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Genovefa A Papanicolaou
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fernanda P Silveira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jingyang Wu
- Biostatistics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aimee K Sundberg
- Clinical Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martha Fournier
- Correspondence: M. Fournier, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA 02421 ()
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Budde K, Prashar R, Haller H, Rial MC, Kamar N, Agarwal A, de Fijter JW, Rostaing L, Berger SP, Djamali A, Leca N, Allamassey L, Gao S, Polinsky M, Vincenti F. Conversion from Calcineurin Inhibitor- to Belatacept-Based Maintenance Immunosuppression in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Randomized Phase 3b Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:3252-3264. [PMID: 34706967 PMCID: PMC8638403 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are standard of care after kidney transplantation, but they are associated with nephrotoxicity and reduced long-term graft survival. Belatacept, a selective T cell costimulation blocker, is approved for the prophylaxis of kidney transplant rejection. This phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of conversion from CNI-based to belatacept-based maintenance immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS Stable adult kidney transplant recipients 6-60 months post-transplantation under CNI-based immunosuppression were randomized (1:1) to switch to belatacept or continue treatment with their established CNI. The primary end point was the percentage of patients surviving with a functioning graft at 24 months. RESULTS Overall, 446 renal transplant recipients were randomized to belatacept conversion ( n =223) or CNI continuation ( n =223). The 24-month rates of survival with graft function were 98% and 97% in the belatacept and CNI groups, respectively (adjusted difference, 0.8; 95.1% CI, -2.1 to 3.7). In the belatacept conversion versus CNI continuation groups, 8% versus 4% of patients experienced biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), respectively, and 1% versus 7% developed de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSAs), respectively. The 24-month eGFR was higher with belatacept (55.5 versus 48.5 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 with CNI). Both groups had similar rates of serious adverse events, infections, and discontinuations, with no unexpected adverse events. One patient in the belatacept group had post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. CONCLUSIONS Switching stable renal transplant recipients from CNI-based to belatacept-based immunosuppression was associated with a similar rate of death or graft loss, improved renal function, and a numerically higher BPAR rate but a lower incidence of dnDSA.Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: A Study in Maintenance Kidney Transplant Recipients Following Conversion to Nulojix® (Belatacept)-Based, NCT01820572.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rohini Prashar
- Division of Nephrology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria C. Rial
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Organ Transplantation, Instituto de Nefrologia, Nephrology SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Avinash Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Johan W. de Fijter
- Department of Nephrology; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lionel Rostaing
- Department of Nephrology, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Division of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjang Djamali
- Division of Nephrology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nicolae Leca
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Sheng Gao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | - Flavio Vincenti
- Department of Surgery, Kidney Transplant Service, University of California, San Francisco, California
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36
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Schmidt-Lauber C, Günster C, Huber TB, Spoden M, Grahammer F. Collateral Effects and Mortality of Kidney Transplant Recipients during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Kidney360 2021; 3:325-336. [PMID: 35373117 PMCID: PMC8967627 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0006472021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Collateral effects and consequences of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on kidney transplant recipients remain widely unknown. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined changes in admission rates, incidences of diseases leading to hospitalization, in-patient procedures, and maintenance medication in long-term kidney transplant recipients with functioning graft during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Data were derived from a nationwide health insurance database. Analysis was performed from March 15 to September 30 and compared the years 2019 and 2020. Effects on mortality and adverse allograft events were compared with COVID-19-attributed effects. Results A total of 7725 patients were included in the final analysis. Admissions declined in 2020 by 17%, with the main dip during a 3-month lockdown (-31%) but without a subsequent rebound. Incidences for hospitalization did not increase for any investigated disease entities, whereas decreasing trends were noted for non-COVID-19 pulmonary and urogenital infections (incidence rate ratio 0.8, 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.03, and 0.82, 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.04, respectively). Non-COVID-19 hospital stays were 0.6 days shorter (P=0.03) and not complicated by increased dialysis, ventilation, or intensive care treatment rates. In-hospital and 90-day mortality remained stable. Incidences of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization was 0.09 per 1000 patient-days, and in-hospital mortality was 9%. A third (31%) of patients with calcineurin-inhibitor medication and without being hospitalized for COVID-19 reduced doses by at least 25%, which was associated with an increased allograft rejection risk (adjusted hazard ratio 1.29, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.63). COVID-19 caused 17% of all deaths but had no significant association with allograft rejections. All-cause mortality remained stable (incidence rate ratio 1.15, 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.46), also when restricting analysis to patients with no or outpatient-treated COVID-19 (0.97, 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.25). Conclusion Despite significant collateral effects, mortality remained unchanged during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Considerable temporary reductions in admissions are safe, whereas reducing immunosuppression results in increased allograft rejection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Günster
- Research Institute of the Local Health Care Funds (WIdO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melissa Spoden
- Research Institute of the Local Health Care Funds (WIdO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,University Transplant Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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37
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Abarca-Durán X, Fernández-Medina IM, Jiménez-Lasserrotte MDM, Dobarrio-Sanz I, Martínez-Abarca AL, Fernández-Sola C. Sexuality in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1432. [PMID: 34828479 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life. People who receive a kidney transplant experience an improvement in many areas of their daily life. Sexuality is a general component of health, which can be affected by end-stage kidney disease and kidney transplant. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the experiences and perspectives of kidney transplant recipients regarding their sexuality. A qualitative study based on Gadamer’s hermeneutic philosophy was carried out. Two focus groups and nine interviews were conducted with 18 kidney transplant recipients. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with the help of qualitative analysis software. Two main themes emerged from the data: (1) “The impact of a kidney transplant on sexuality”, with the subthemes “sexuality is relegated to the background”, “physical decline acts as a sexual inhibitor”, and “changes in sexual activity following a kidney transplant”; (2) “Sexual education in kidney transplant recipients” with the subthemes “sexuality: a hidden concern amongst kidney transplant recipients” and “talking about sexuality with healthcare professionals”. Sexuality is a frequent concern among kidney transplant recipients. The physiological and emotional changes experienced after kidney transplant exert a great influence on their sexuality. Healthcare professionals rarely discuss sexuality concerns with kidney transplant recipients. Professional sexual education and assistance are necessary to improve sexual health satisfaction of kidney transplant recipients.
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Singh TP, Cherikh WS, Hsich E, Chambers DC, Harhay MO, Hayes D, Khush KK, Perch M, Potena L, Sadavarte A, Toll AE, Zuckermann A, Stehlik J. The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-fourth pediatric heart transplantation report - 2021; focus on recipient characteristics. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:1050-1059. [PMID: 34420853 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tajinder P Singh
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Wida S Cherikh
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Eileen Hsich
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Daniel C Chambers
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Michael O Harhay
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Don Hayes
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Kiran K Khush
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Michael Perch
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Luciano Potena
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Aparna Sadavarte
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Alice E Toll
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Andreas Zuckermann
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
| | - Josef Stehlik
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX.
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- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry, Dallas, TX
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Yilmaz G, Ebru O, Ibrahim B, Ulkem C. Assessment of clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients with COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6760-6764. [PMID: 34387889 PMCID: PMC8426841 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has affected more than a hundred million individuals and caused more than three million deaths worldwide. Specific risk groups were defined for increased risk of mortality and morbidity in COVID‐19, and renal transplant recipients are at a significantly increased risk regarding outcomes due to their immunosuppressed conditions. This study evaluated the general characteristics of kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19 infection. Among 1257 transplant cases, 56 had COVID‐19 infection, and 23 (41%) were hospitalized during the 9‐month study period. Among all COVID‐19 cases, 58% were male with a mean age of 45.5 (±13.2, 19–71) years, and the most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (70.9%) and diabetes (23.6%). Hospitalized patients were older (p = 0.03) and had higher rates of hypertension (p = 0.008), diabetes (p = 0.002), and ischemic heart disease (p = 0.03). Therapeutic management included antimetabolite withdrawal and prednisolone increase in 71%, calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal in 8% and decrease in 58%, hydroxychloroquine in 17%, tocilizumab in 3%, and antivirals in 67% of patients. Acute kidney injury and respiratory failure developed in 34% and 85%, respectively. The mortality rate was 23%. These results emphasized that the COVID‐19 infection in renal transplant recipients significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, these patients should be intervened earlier and monitored closely to prevent poor outcomes. COVID‐19 infection in renal transplant recipients significantly increases the risk of poor outcomes. Immunosuppressive therapy must be decreased in COVID‐19 positive renal transplant patients. Acute kidney injury and and respiratory failure emerge as the precipitators of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Yilmaz
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Acıbadem International Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozdemir Ebru
- Department of Transplantation, Acıbadem International Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berber Ibrahim
- Department of General Surgery, Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cakir Ulkem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Babar ZU, Nasim A, Kumar S, Nazmi J, Badlani S, Nadeem A, Aziz T. A case series of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients: Challenges in management from a TB endemic country. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13659. [PMID: 34057810 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin (Rif). The use of immunosuppressive drugs in solid organ transplant recipients can increase the risk of TB. Management of MDR-TB is quite challenging in the general population with poor compliance owing to lengthy treatment duration and drug toxicities. New drugs as well as shorter regimen have been used to increase the likelihood of adherence. The experience of treating MDR-TB in the transplant recipients is limited. New drugs like bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine, and delamanid have rarely been used in transplant recipients. To the best of our knowledge, only 14 cases of MDR-TB in transplant population have been reported in the literature and no case from Pakistan, a high TB burden country. We are reporting our experience of treating 4 renal transplant recipients. We used new drug regimen and found many side effects. Treatment outcome was successful with complete cure in 3 of our patients, however one died of severe drug toxicity. The most worrisome drug interaction was between azathioprine and linezolid, with life-threatening thrombocytopenia. There was no graft dysfunction noted at the end of the therapy. The management of MDR-TB in transplant recipients is challenging; excellent coordination between transplant team and Infectious Diseases Physician for close monitoring and follow-up is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Udin Babar
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asma Nasim
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jawwad Nazmi
- Department of Pulmonology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sanjay Badlani
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Nadeem
- Department of Microbiology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Aziz
- Department of Transplantation, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
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Vilibic-Cavlek T, Savic V, Ferenc T, Mrzljak A, Barbic L, Bogdanic M, Stevanovic V, Tabain I, Ferencak I, Zidovec-Lepej S. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis-Emerging Trends of a Neglected Virus: A Narrative Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6020088. [PMID: 34070581 PMCID: PMC8163193 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected rodent-borne zoonotic virus distributed worldwide. Since serologic assays are limited to several laboratories, the disease has been underreported, often making it difficult to determine incidence and seroprevalence rates. Although human clinical cases are rarely recorded, LCMV remains an important cause of meningitis in humans. In addition, a fatal donor-derived LCMV infection in several clusters of solid organ transplant recipients further highlighted a pathogenic potential and clinical significance of this virus. In the transplant populations, abnormalities of the central nervous system were also found, but were overshadowed by the systemic illness resembling the Lassa hemorrhagic fever. LCMV is also an emerging fetal teratogen. Hydrocephalus, periventricular calcifications and chorioretinitis are the predominant characteristics of congenital LCMV infection, occurring in 87.5% of cases. Mortality in congenitally infected children is about 35%, while 70% of them show long-term neurologic sequelae. Clinicians should be aware of the risks posed by LCMV and should consider the virus in the differential diagnosis of aseptic meningitis, especially in patients who reported contact with rodents. Furthermore, LCMV should be considered in infants and children with unexplained hydrocephalus, intracerebral calcifications and chorioretinitis. Despite intensive interdisciplinary research efforts, efficient antiviral therapy for LCMV infection is still not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (I.T.); (I.F.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4863-238
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Laboratory for Virology and Serology, Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Thomas Ferenc
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (I.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (I.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Ivana Ferencak
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (I.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Bery AI, Kulkarni HS, Kreisel D. Editorial: COVID-19 immunology and organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021; 26:258-265. [PMID: 33651004 PMCID: PMC8297460 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to provide a critical appraisal of the literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on organ transplantation, with a specific focus on lung transplantation given the predominant pulmonary involvement of the virus. RECENT FINDINGS There was a significant decrease in lung transplant volumes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic due to a combination of reduced availability of donors and an imbalance between waitlist additions and inactivations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was subsequently associated with an exuberant immune response that can lead to the development of postinfectious fibrotic lung disease. Few lung transplants have been performed in previously infected recipients and long-term outcomes remain unknown. Although the lung transplant volume rebounded during the second wave, it is unclear what the long-term effects of healthcare resource limitation and public health measures will have on transplant volumes in the future. Outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in previous lung transplant recipients appear to be worse than the general public, and, although an immunosuppressed state likely contributes to these outcomes, whether immunosuppression should be altered in those exposed to or infected with SARS-CoV-2 remains unanswered in the absence of unequivocal data. SUMMARY The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a number of challenges for lung transplant programs across the globe. Multiple research questions remain to be answered in order to optimally manage lung transplant recipients in the context of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit I Bery
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Mokos M, Bašić-Jukić N. Parotid metastases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients: Case series and literature review. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14907. [PMID: 33619803 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell skin carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common skin cancer in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Metastatic potential of cSCC is significantly higher in RTR than in the general population. Parotid metastases (PM) of cSCC are rare, but their prognosis is poor. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of PM of cSCC in our renal transplant cohort. Among 1610 patients who received kidney allografts at our institution in the period from January 1999 to December 2019, 84 patients (5.2%) developed at least one cSCC. Three patients were identified to develop PM within 3 to 6 months after the occurrence of primary cSCC. All PM were discovered by clinical examination and in an advanced stage. Two of them died early after the diagnosis of PMs (after 4 months and 1 year, respectively). In conclusion, immunosuppression is one of the major risk factors for the development of cSCC and its metastases. It contributes to the poor survival of patients with PMs of the cSCC. Our experience emphasizes the need for the employment of the radiological tests in patients with primary high-risk cSCC to evaluate nonpalpable lymph node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mislav Mokos
- Department of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, Dialysis, and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Bašić-Jukić
- Department of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, Dialysis, and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Kute VB, Agarwal SK, Prakash J, Guleria S, Shroff S, Sharma A, Varma P, Prasad N, Sahay M, Gupta S, Sudhindran S, Krishan K, Ramesh V, Kumar S. NOTTO COVID-19 Vaccine Guidelines for Transplant Recipients. Indian J Nephrol 2021; 31:89-91. [PMID: 34267426 PMCID: PMC8240933 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_64_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection started in Wuhan and resulted in a pandemic within a few weeks' time. Organ transplant recipients being at a risk for more severe COVID-19 if they get SARS CoV-2 viral infection, COVID-19 vaccine has a significant role in these patients. The vaccine is a safer way to help build protection and would either prevent COVID-19 infection or at least diminish the severity of the disease. It would also reduce the risk of the continuing transmission and enhance herd immunity. Immuno-compromised patients should not receive live vaccines as they can cause vaccine-related disease and hence the guidelines suggest that all transplant recipients should receive age-appropriate 'inactivated vaccine' as recommended for general population. Though trials have not been undertaken on transplant recipients, efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccine have been scientifically documented for few vaccines among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek B Kute
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay K Agarwal
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Nephrology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Guleria
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Apollo Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Shroff
- Managing, Trustee, MOHAN Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prem Varma
- Department of Nephrology, Venkateshwar Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Sahay
- Department of Nephrology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhash Gupta
- Department of Liver Transplant Surgery, Max Center of Liver and Biliary Sciences at Max Hospital, Saket, Delhi, India
| | - S Sudhindran
- Clinical Professor in Transplantation and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Kewal Krishan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Max super specialty Hospital Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasanthi Ramesh
- National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Director General of Health Services, New Delhi, India
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Chan S, Morrison M, Hawley CM, Campbell SB, Francis RS, Isbel NM, Pascoe EM, Johnson DW. Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbiota in paired live kidney donors and recipients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2021; 26:471-478. [PMID: 33501716 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies that have examined whether dysbiosis occurs in kidney donors and transplant recipients following kidney transplant surgery. AIM To ascertain whether changes occur in the gastrointestinal microbiota of the kidney donor and recipient following kidney transplantation. METHODS Kidney transplant recipients and their donors were prospectively enrolled in a pilot study to collect one faecal sample prior to, and another faecal sample between four to eight weeks following surgery. Gastrointestinal microbiota richness, Shannon diversity measures and functional assessments of kidney donors and recipients were analysed via metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS The study included 12 donors (median age 56 years, 6 females) and 12 recipients (median age 51 years, 3 females). Donor microbiota showed no significant changes in gastrointestinal microbiota richness, Shannon diversity, or functional assessments before and after nephrectomy. Recipient microbiota was altered post-transplant, reflected in reductions of the mean (±SD) richness values (156 ± 46.5 to 116 ± 38.6, p = 0.002), and Shannon diversity (3.57 ± 0.49 to 3.14 ± 0.52, p = 0.007), and a dramatic increase in Roseburia spp. abundance post-transplant (26-fold increase from 0.16 ± 0.0091 to 4.6 ± 0.3; p = 0.006; FDR = 0.12). Functionally, the post-transplant microbial community shifted towards those taxa using the glycolysis pathway (1.2-fold increase; p = 0.02; FDR = 0.26) for energy metabolism, while those functions involved with reactive oxygen species degradation decreased (2.6-fold; p = 0.006; FDR = 0.14). CONCLUSION Live donor kidney transplantation and standard care post-transplant result in significant alterations in gut microbiota richness, diversity, composition and functional parameters in kidney transplant recipients but not in their kidney donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chan
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carmel M Hawley
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott B Campbell
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross S Francis
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole M Isbel
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elaine M Pascoe
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David W Johnson
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Mulder MB, de Man RA, Kamar N, Durmaz G, de Bruijne J, Vanwolleghem T, Izopet J, Gandia P, van der Eijk AA, van Gelder T, Hesselink DA, de Winter BC. Determining the therapeutic range for ribavirin in transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:431-435. [PMID: 33135238 PMCID: PMC7983011 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to define the therapeutic range for ribavirin (RBV) in transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. In this retrospective multicentre cohort study, data of adult transplant recipients with chronic HEV infection, who had been treated with RBV monotherapy between 01-3-2008 and 01-08-2018, were included. ROC curve analyses were performed, and the half-maximal effective RBV concentration was calculated to determine a representative therapeutic range. In 96 patients, RBV monotherapy for a median of three months resulted in a sustained virologic response in 63.5% of the patients, while 88.5% of the patients developed anaemia. RBV plasma concentrations at steady state were significantly higher in clinical responders compared with clinical non-responders: median 1.96 (IQR 1.81-2.70) versus 0.49 (IQR 0.45-0.73) mg/L, P = .0004. RBV caused a dose-dependent haemoglobin reduction with higher RBV plasma concentrations resulting in more haemoglobin reduction. The therapeutic range for RBV for chronic HEV infection in transplant recipients ranges between 1.8 and 2.3 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midas B. Mulder
- Department of Hospital PharmacyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robert A. de Man
- Department of HepatologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Department of Nephrology and Organs TransplantationCHU RangueilINSERM U1043IFR–BMTUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Gűlcan Durmaz
- Department of Hospital PharmacyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joep de Bruijne
- Department of GastroenterologyUniversity Medical CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vanwolleghem
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital of AntwerpEdegemBelgium,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Department of VirologyCHU PurpanINSERM U1043IFR–BMTUniversity Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Peggy Gandia
- Department of Toxicology CHU PurpanINSERM U1043IFR–BMTUniversity Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | | | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Hospital PharmacyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dennis A. Hesselink
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Brenda C.M. de Winter
- Department of Hospital PharmacyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Santeusanio AD, Menon MC, Liu C, Bhansali A, Patel N, Mahir F, Rana M, Tedla F, Mahamid A, Fenig Y, Zendel A, Delaney V, De Boccardo G, Farouk SS, Sehgal V, Khaim R, Jacobs SE, Dunn D, Sullivan T, Taimur S, Baneman E, Florman S, Shapiro R. Influence of patient characteristics and immunosuppressant management on mortality in kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14221. [PMID: 33421213 PMCID: PMC7995120 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of patient characteristics and immunosuppression management on COVID-19 outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) remains uncertain. We performed a single-center, retrospective review of all adult KTRs admitted to the hospital with confirmed COVID-19 between 03/15/2020 and 05/15/2020. Patients were followed from the date of admission up to 1 month following hospital discharge or study conclusion (06/15/2020). Baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters, and immunosuppression were compared between survivors and patients who died to identify predictors of mortality. 38 KTRs with a mean baseline eGFR of 52.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 were hospitalized during the review period. Maintenance immunosuppression included tacrolimus (84.2%), mycophenolate (89.5%), and corticosteroids (81.6%) in the majority of patients. Eleven patients (28.9%) died during the hospitalization. Older age (OR = 2.05; 1.04-4.04), peak D-dimer (OR = 1.20; 1.04-1.39), and peak white blood cell count (OR = 1.11; 1.02-1.21) were all associated with mortality among KTRs hospitalized for COVID-19. Increased mortality was also observed among KTRs with concomitant HIV infection (87.5% vs. 36.1%; p < .01). Conversely, immunosuppression intensity and degree of reduction following COVID-19 diagnosis were not associated with either survival or acute allograft rejection. Our findings potentially support a strategy of individualization of immunosuppression targets based on patient-specific risk factors, rather than universal immunosuppression reduction for KTRs at risk from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Santeusanio
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madhav C Menon
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Liu
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arjun Bhansali
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niralee Patel
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fahima Mahir
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fasika Tedla
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmad Mahamid
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaniv Fenig
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexey Zendel
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica Delaney
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Graciela De Boccardo
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samira S Farouk
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vinita Sehgal
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael Khaim
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha E Jacobs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dallas Dunn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Taimur
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Baneman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander Florman
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ron Shapiro
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Liverman R, Chandran MM, Crowther B. Considerations and controversies of pharmacologic management of the pediatric kidney transplant recipient. Pharmacotherapy 2021; 41:77-102. [PMID: 33151553 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric kidney transplantation has experienced considerable growth and improvement in patient and allograft outcomes over the past 20 years, in part due to advancements in immunosuppressive regimens and management. Despite this progress, care for this unique population can be challenging due to limited pediatric transplant data and trials, intricacies related to differences in children and adolescents compared with their adult counterparts, and limitations to long-term survival facing all solid organ transplant populations. Immunosuppression and infection prevention practices vary from one pediatric transplant center to another and clinical controversies exist surrounding treatment and dosing. This review aims to summarize key aspects of pharmacologic management in this population and present pertinent data that describe the influence of practice to serve as a resource for practitioners caring for this unique specialty patient population. Additionally, this review highlights select controversies that exist within pediatric kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Liverman
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mary Moss Chandran
- Department of Pharmacy, Childeren's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Barrett Crowther
- Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Services, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Chang YH, Lai YH, Lee PH, Tsai MK, Shun SC. Unmet Care Needs and Related Factors of Spouses of Liver or Kidney Transplant Recipients. Clin Nurs Res 2021; 30:1038-1046. [PMID: 33403861 DOI: 10.1177/1054773820985289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) explore the unmet care needs of spouses of liver or kidney transplant recipients, (2) compare the unmet care needs, depression, and anxiety levels of transplant recipients and their spouses, and (3) identify factors related to spouses' unmet care needs. A cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling from transplant outpatient departments at a medical center. Ninety-one liver or kidney transplant recipient-spouse dyads were recruited. Most unmet needs for dyads were involved in the psychological needs and health system and service needs domains. Spouses had significantly higher unmet needs, anxiety, and depression than recipients did. The significant factors related to the spouses' unmet needs included being male, having higher anxiety, and whose partners had higher unmet needs. Health care professionals must attend to the needs of both recipients and spouses. Providing disease-specific information and resources to spouses who potentially had higher unmet needs is strongly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yeur-Hur Lai
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Kun Tsai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Ching Shun
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Giusti S, Chazin S, Vaitla P, Atiemo K, Atari M, Paramesh A, Jeon H, Torres-Ortiz A, Thimmisetty R, Garces J. Observational Study of the Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients Diagnosed With COVID-19 Infection (SARS-CoV-2) Requiring Hospitalization in New Orleans. Ochsner J 2021; 21:329-334. [PMID: 34984045 PMCID: PMC8675612 DOI: 10.31486/toj.21.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of severe disease and death caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The role of immunosuppressive medications in the clinical presentation, disease course, and outcomes is not well understood. Methods: We analyzed kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 and requiring hospitalization during the initial infection surge at 2 large transplant centers in New Orleans, Louisiana, between February 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020. Patient presentation, clinical course, kidney transplant function, and postdischarge details are included in this analysis. Results: Twenty-three kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with COVID-19 were included in the study. The majority of patients were Black (95.7%). Diabetes, hypertension, and obesity were present in more than 50% of the patients. The most common presenting symptom was fever, present in 52.2% of patients. All patients were managed with reduction in immunosuppression. Patients received azithromycin (60.9%), hydroxychloroquine (47.8%), remdesivir (8.7%), and intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (8.7%). The average length of stay was 4.5 days (range, 2-18 days). In this study population, 73.9% of the patients sustained acute kidney injury, with an average peak serum creatinine of 3.81 mg/dL. Twenty-six percent of the patients required renal replacement therapy. Seventy-seven percent of patients developed proteinuria (at least 1+ proteinuria on urinalysis). Of the patients in this population who required mechanical ventilation (39.1%), 77.8% died. Overall, 30.4% of patients died of COVID-19-related complications during admission. Of the 16 patients discharged, the average serum creatinine at discharge was 2.09 mg/dL compared with an average preadmission serum creatinine of 1.8 mg/dL. Conclusion: During the initial COVID-19 infection surge in New Orleans, we noted that kidney transplant recipients had initial symptoms similar to the general population. However, we recorded a higher incidence of acute kidney injury and death compared to nontransplant patients. Patients who required mechanical ventilation had a high mortality rate. Black patients are overrepresented in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixto Giusti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Surgery, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shai Chazin
- Department of Surgery, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Pradeep Vaitla
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Transplant, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Kofi Atiemo
- Department of Surgery, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Mohammad Atari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Anil Paramesh
- Department of Surgery, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hoonbae Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Aldo Torres-Ortiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ravi Thimmisetty
- Multi-Organ Transplant Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jorge Garces
- Multi-Organ Transplant Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
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