Photo-induced photoacoustic streaming and pineapple peel extract as final irrigant on extrusion bond strength of root filling material to canal wall

Objective

Photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) with pineapple peel extract (PPE) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a final endodontic irrigant on the push-out bond strength (PBS) of root filling material to conventional irrigation NaOCl with EDTA.

Methods

An in vitro study at Dar Al Uloom University was conducted over three months. Root canal preparation was performed. Based on final irrigation, all the specimens were divided randomly into four groups (n=10) Group 1: 2.25% NaOCl+ 17% EDTA (control), Group-2: 2.25% NaOCl+PIPS + 6.25% PPE, Group-3: 2.25% NaOCl+PIPS + 17% EDTA, Group-4: 2.25% NaOCl + 6.25% PPE. Canals were obturated and sealed with AH Plus sealer. Root sectioning was performed at 1mm thickness and PBS testing was performed using the universal testing machine. The debonded samples were analyzed for failure mode. ANOVA compared the means and standard deviations (SD) of all investigated group. Assessment of multiple comparisons was performed using Tukey's post hoc test.

Results

The maximum PBS was demonstrated by the coronal section of Group-2 (2.25%NaOCl +PIPS+6.25%PPE) specimens (8.21±0.81MPa). The apical section of Group-1 (2.25% NaOCl+17% EDTA) specimens demonstrated minimum bond strength (2.80±0.18 MPa). The intergroup comparison revealed that Group-3 (2.25% NaOCl +PIPS +17% EDTA) and Group-2 demonstrated comparable outcomes (p>0.05). Group-4 (2.25% NaOCl +6.25% PPE) specimens established significantly lower values than Group-3 and Group-4 (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Photon-induced photoacoustic streaming with pineapple peel extract and EDTA demonstrated better bond strength of root canal sealer and have the potential to be used as the final irrigant.

Push out bond strength of fiber post to radicular dentin using Q-mix, lemon/garlic extract, and riboflavin activated by photodynamic therapy as a final canal irrigant

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess the extrusion bond values of fiber post to radicular dentin when disinfected using different final irrigants lemon garlic extract (LGE), riboflavin (RFP) activated by PDT (photodynamic therapy), and Q-mix 2-in-1.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated. Endodontic treatment was performed, and the canals were continually irrigated with normal saline, dried with paper points, and obturated. Post space was prepared by removing gutta-percha using peso-reamers. All specimens were randomly allocated into four groups based on the final irrigant used. Specimens in Group 1 irrigated with: 5.25% NaOCl+17% EDTA, group 2: 5.25% NaOCl+Q-mix 2-in-1, group 3: 5.25% NaOCl+RFP, and group 4: 5.25% NaOCl+LGE. Following final irrigation, a fiber post was placed in the canal space and luted. Samples were sectioned and each section was placed in a universal testing machine to assess bond values. Debonded samples were assessed for failure modes, EBS and modes of failure. For comparisons among groups, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test were used keeping the level of significance at p=0.05.

RESULTS

The cervical section of samples in group 2 (NaOCL+Qmix) (7.11±0.81 MPa) exhibited the maximum value of EBS. However, the apical section of samples in group 3 (5.25% NaOCl+RFP) (3.33±0.26 MPa) displayed minimum extrusion bond values. Group 3 specimens in which final irrigation was performed with RFP established significantly lower bond integrity values than all the other investigated groups coronal (3.77±0.13 MPa), middle (3.60±0.41 MPa), and apical (3.33±0.26 MPa) (p<0.05). Intragroup comparison analysis, the coronal and middle root sections of all the experimental groups displayed comparable outcomes of EBS (p>0.05). However, near the apical section of the root, the bond strength of all the groups declined considerably.

CONCLUSIONS

Q-mix 2-in-1 as the final irrigant displayed the highest extrusion bond strength of fiber-reinforced composite to canal dentin at all three levels coronal, middle and apical. Lemon garlic extract has the potential to be used alternative to ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid as a final irrigant.

Effectiveness of Morinda Citrofolia, Sapindus Mukorossi, and Curcumin used in curry spice, to the radicular canal irrigant in improving bond integrity of glass fiber post

AIM

Evaluation of the push-out bond strength (PBS) of glass fiber reinforced post (GFRP) bonded to root dentin after canal disinfection using food-based root canal irrigants i.e., Curcumin photosensitizer (CP), Riboflavin photosensitizer (RFP), Morinda Ctrifolia juice (MCJ) and Sapindus Mukorossi (SM) along with MTAD as a final irrigant.

MATERIAL METHODS

Fifty human single-rooted premolar teeth were decoronated. Endodontic preparation was performed along with 2.25% sodium hypochlorite NaOCl solution followed by EDTA solution. Canals were dried and obturated followed by post-space preparation by removing GP. Specimens were allocated into five groups based on different food-based disinfection regimes (n= 10). Group 1: 2.25% NaOCl + MTAD (Control), Group 2: 6% MCJ + MTAD, Group 3: SM + MTAD, Group 4: CP + MTAD and Group 5: RFP + MTAD. All GFRP were bonded to radicular dentin. Root sectioning was performed followed by PBS and failure analysis using a universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope respectively. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the Post Hoc Tukey HSD test (p=0.05).

RESULTS

Samples disinfected with(MCJ+MTAD) at coronal third demonstrated maximum PBS (9.41±0.51 MPa). However, the apical third of group 5 (RFP + MTAD) exhibited the minimum values (4.06±0.23 MPa). Intergroup comparison analysis unveiled that group 2 (MCJ +MTAD) and group 3 (SM+MTAD) displayed comparable outcomes of PBS at all three-thirds. Similarly, samples in group 1 (2.25% NaOCl+ MTAD), group 4 (CP + MTAD), and group 5 (RFP + MTAD) exhibited comparable PBS.

CONCLUSION

Fruit-based irrigants Morinda Citrifolia and Sapindus Mukorossi have the potential to be used as root canal irrigants with a positive influence on bond strength.

Clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy versus topical antifungal agent and surgical excision for the treatment of hyperplastic candidiasis

BACKGROUND

Hyperplastic candidiasis (HC) is a chronic infection of oral mucosa caused by Candida. Owing to its potential for malignant transformation, its intervention requires attention. Conventional surgical resection might lead to irreversible damage and impact the patient's quality of life. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) alone and in combination with topical antifungal therapy (i.e., nystatin [combination therapy]) in comparison with nystatin and surgical resection for the treatment of HC.

METHODS

Forty subjects with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of HC were included in the study. Four study groups, with 10 participants each, were formed as follows: Group-I - receiving antifungal agent [nystatin]; Group-II - receiving surgical resection; Group-III - receiving PDT; and Group-IV - receiving 5-ALA-mediated PDT and nystatin [combination therapy]. Salivary and mucosal samples were collected for the quantification of Candida albicans and the treatment responses to different interventions were recorded at week-4, week-6, and week-8 after finishing therapies.

RESULTS

At the 3^rd follow-up (i.e., at end of the 8^th week after the interventions), complete improvement in 3 (30%), 2 (20%), 1 (10%), and 5 (50%) patients in group-I, group-II, group-III, and group-IV, respectively was observed. A statistically significant difference was obtained when the intervention responses were compared at week-4 (p<0.01), week-6 (p<0.01), and week-8 (p<0.0001) follow-ups in group-I, group-II, and group-IV subjects. At the 8-week follow-up regarding the salivary and mucosal samples, the lowest colony-forming units/milliliter score of C. albicans was observed in group-IV subjects.

CONCLUSION

The application of 5-ALA-mediated PDT in combination with nystatin gel possesses the potential as a well-tolerated and safe therapeutic modality for the treatment of patients with HC.

Dental Students' Perception, Awareness and Knowledge About HPV Infection, Vaccine, and Its Association with Oral Cancer: A Multinational Study

Background

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection forms a major etiological factor for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), which has exhibited increased global incidence.

Aim

To compare the knowledge regarding HPV, its association with OPC, and HPV vaccine among students from different countries, years of the undergraduate program, and gender.

Methods

The current multinational cross-sectional study was conducted in 886 undergraduate dental students from Egypt, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Sudan through Google survey forms from July 2021 to September 2021. The survey form comprised 27 items divided into four sections. The answers to the questionnaire were compared among students from different countries, different years of the undergraduate program, and males and females. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the correlation between the demographic characteristics of students and their knowledge regarding HPV and OPC.

Results

Females exhibited a better knowledge regarding knowledge and perception on HPV vaccine, whereas males exhibited a better knowledge regarding HPV and its correlation with OPC, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The third- and fourth-year undergraduate students displayed a higher awareness of OPC and its connection with HPV than other year students, and this variance was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). Third-year and internship students exhibited a more positive attitude and comfort regarding the vaccine and discussing the same with patients than the other educational-level students. Students from India exhibited better knowledge about HPV and its association with OPC than the students from other countries, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Disparities in knowledge regarding HPV-related oral cancer have been detected among the female and male participants among different nations. From the entire study population, Indian students exhibited better knowledge regarding HPV. Females from all the nations exhibited a more positive attitude and comfort regarding the vaccine and discussing the same with patients than males. The results of this necessitate intervention measures including training workshops and awareness campaigns. Improving their knowledge regarding the same may increase their awareness, resulting in better patient care.